International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 16 20
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Application of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving various types of
Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations

V.P.Gohil Dr.G.A.Ranabhatt
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics
Government Engineering College Government Engineering College
Bhavnagar, India Bhavnagar, India
vpgohil0909@gmail.com

AbstractIn this paper, various types of linear, non-linear, homogeneous, non homogeneous problems of ordinary differential
equations discussed. Also shown that homotopy analysis method applied successfully for solving non homogeneous and non
linear equations.
Keywords- homotopy analysis method, ordinaryy differential equation,linear, homogeneous

__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION are initial guesses of , and , , ; are unknown

functions.
It is well-known that nonlinear ordinary differential
It is important to note that, one has great freedom to choose
equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) for
auxiliary objects such as and in HAM.
boundary-value problems are much more difficult to solve
When = 0 = 1 we get by (1),
than linear ODEs and PDEs, especially by means of analytic
, , ; 0 = ,0 , , , ; 1 = ,
methods.
Thus increase from 0 to 1, the solutions , , ; varies
In recent years, this method (HAM) has been successfully
from initial guesses ,0 , to ,0 , .
employed to solve many types of non linear, homogeneous or
non homogeneous, equations and systems of equations as well Expanding , , ; in Taylor series with respect to ,
as problems in science and engineering ([4]). Very recently, , , ; = ,0 , + =1 , , .

(2)
Ahmad Bataineh ([2]) presented two modifications of HAM to Where
1 ,,;
solve linear and non linear ODEs. The HAM contains a certain , , = . , (3)
! =0
auxiliary parameter h which provides us with a simple way
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
to adjust and control the convergence region and rate of parameter and auxiliary functions are properly chosen than
convergence of the series solution. Moreover, by means of the the series eqution (2) converges at = 1 .
so-calledh -curve, it is easy to determine the valid regions of , , ; 1 = ,0 , + =1 , , (4)
h to gain a convergent series solution. Thus, through HAM, This must be one of solutions of the original nonlinear
explicit analytic solutions of non linear problems are possible. equations.
According to (3), the governing equations can be deduced
II. HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD from the zero-order deformation equations (1).
We consider the following differential equations, Define the vectors
, = 0, = 1,2, , , = {,0 , , ,1 , , ,2 , , . , , , }
Where are nonlinear operators that the represents the whole Differentiating (1) m times with respect to the embedding
equations, x and t are independent variables and , are parameter and the setting = 0 and finally dividing them by
unknown functions respectively. !.
By means of generalizing the traditional homotopy method, We have the so-called order deformation equations
Liao constructed the so-called zero-order deformation , , , 1 , = , (, 1) (5)
equations (5)
1 , , ; ,0 , = Where
[ , , ; ] (1) 1 1 [ ,,;
, , 1) = . (6)
Where 0,1 is an embedding operators, are nonzero ( 1)! 1 =0
auxiliary functions, is an auxiliary linear operator, ,0 , and
16
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 16 20
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
0, 1
=
1, >1 i.e. u x S0 x S x
m 1
m

This must be one of solutions of the original non linear

III. HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors

Sn S0 x , S1 x , S2 x , .....Sn x
EQUATION

Consider homogeneous linear differential equation

(14)
uxx ux u 0 th
We have the so-called m order deformation equations
(7)
Subject to the initial condition L Sm x m Sm x hRm Sm1
u(0) 1, u '(0) 1 (15)
(8) Where
To solve this system (7) to (8) by HAM, first we choose initial 1 m1 x ; q
Rm Sm1
m 1! q
approximation m 1

u0 ( x) 1 x q 0
(16)
And the linear operator
x ; q i.e. Rm Sm1 Sm1 xx Sm1 x Sm1
L x ; q
x (17)


x
With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant. Sm x m Sm1 x h Rm Sm1 dx c
We define system of non-linear operator as 0

2 x ; q x ; q (18)
N x ; q x ; q Now we will calculate
x 2 x

x
(9) S1 x 1S0 x h R1 S0 dx c
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order 0
deformation equations (19)
1 q x ; q S0 x qhN x ; q Where

(10)
R1 S0 2 x
Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get So
x ;0 S0 x u0 x and x ;1 u( x) x2
S1 x h 2 x
(11) 2
As q increase 0 to 1 , varies from u0 x to u x th
Now The N order approximation can be expressed by
x ; q q, N 1
S x S0 x S m x
Expanding in Taylor series with respect to
m 1
x ; q S0 x S m x q m (20)
m 1
(12) As N we get S x u x with some appropriate
Where assumption of h
1 x ; q
m

Sm x IV. NON HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR ORDINARY

m ! q
m
q 0 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
(13) Consider non homogeneous linear differential equation
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
uxx ux u 2 0
parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen than
the series equation (12) converges at q 1 . (21)
Subject to the initial condition

x ;1 S0 x Sm x
m 1
17
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 16 20
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

u(0) 1, u '(0) 1 L Sm x m Sm x hRm Sm1
(22) (29)
To solve this system (21) to (22)by HAM, first we choose Where
initial approximation
1 m1 x ; q
u0 ( x) 1 x Rm Sm1
m 1! q
m 1
And the linear operator q 0
x ; q (30)
L x ; q
x i.e. Rm Sm1 Sm1 xx Sm1 x Sm1 2

With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant. (31)

x
We define system of non-linear operator as Sm x m Sm1 x h Rm Sm1 dx c
2 x ; q x ; q
N x ; q x ; q 2
0

x 2 x (32)
(23) Now we will calculate


x
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order
deformation equations S1 x 1S0 x h R1 S0 dx c
1 q x ; q S0 x qhN x ; q
0

(33)
(24) Where

Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get
R1 S0 x
x ;0 S0 x u0 x and x ;1 u( x) So
(25) x2
S1 x h
As q increase 0 to 1 , varies from u0 x to u x 2
Expanding x ; q in Taylor series with respect to q, th
Now The N order approximation can be expressed by
N 1

x ; q S0 x S m x q m S x S0 x S m x
m 1 m 1

(26) (34)
Where As N we get S x u x with some appropriate
1 x ; q
m

Sm x
assumption of h
m ! q
m
q 0 V. NON HOMOGENEOUS NON LINEAR ORDINARY
(27) DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary
parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen than Consider non homogeneous non linear differential equation
the series equation (26) converges at q 1 . uxx u ux u 2 0
(35)
x ;1 S0 x Sm x Subject to the initial condition
m 1

u(0) 2, u '(0) 1
i.e. u x S0 x S x
m 1
m (36)
To solve this system (35) to (36) by HAM, first we choose
This must be one of solutions of the original non linear initial approximation
equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors
u0 ( x) 2 x
Sn S0 x , S1 x , S2 x , .....Sn x And the linear operator
(28) x ; q
th L x ; q
We have the so-called m order deformation equations x

18
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 16 20
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
L C 0 where C is integral constant.

x
Sm x m Sm1 x h Rm Sm1 dx c
With the property
We define system of non-linear operator as 0

2 x ; q x ; q
N x ; q
(46)
x ; q x ; q Now
2 we will calculate
x 2
x


x
(37)
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order S1 x 1S0 x h R1 S0 dx c
0
deformation equations
1 q x ; q S0 x qhN x ; q
(47)
Where

Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get
(38)

R1 S0 1 x
So
x ;0 S0 x u0 x and x ;1 u( x)
x2
(39) S1 x h x
2
As q increase 0 to 1 , varies from u0 x to u x th
Now The N order approximation can be expressed by
Expanding x ; q in Taylor series with respect to q, N 1

S x S0 x S m x
x ; q S0 x S m x q m m 1

m 1 (48)
(40) As N we get S x u x with some appropriate
Where
assumption of h
1 m x ; q
Sm x HOMOGENEOUS NON LINEAR ORDINARY
m ! q
m VI.
q 0
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
(41)
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary Consider homogeneous non linear differential equation
parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen than uxx u ux u 0
the series equation (40) converges at q 1 . (49)
Subject to the initial condition
x ;1 S0 x Sm x u(0) 2, u '(0) 1
m 1
(50)
i.e. u x S0 x Sm x
m 1
To solve this system (49) to (50) by HAM, first we choose
initial approximation
This must be one of solutions of the original non linear u0 ( x) 2 x
equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors

Sn S0 x , S1 x , S2 x , .....Sn x
And the linear operator
x ; q
(42) L x ; q
th
x
We have the so-called m order deformation equations
With the property L C 0 where C is integral constant.
L Sm x m Sm x hRm Sm1
We define system of non-linear operator as
(43)
2 x ; q x ; q
Where N x ; q x ; q x ; q
x 2
x
1 m1 x ; q
Rm Sm1
(51)
m 1! q
m 1
Using the above definition, we construct the zeroth-order
q 0
deformation equations
1 q x ; q S0 x qhN x ; q
(44)

i.e. Rm Sm1 Sm1 xx Sm1 Sm1 x Sm1 2
(52)
(45)
19
IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 16 20
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Obviously, when q 0 and q 1 we get

R1 S0 3 x
x ;0 S0 x u0 x and x ;1 u( x) So
(53) x2
As q increase 0 to 1 , varies from u0 x to u x S1 x h 3x
2
Expanding x ; q in Taylor series with respect to q, th
Now The N order approximation can be expressed by
N 1
x ; q S0 x S m x q m S x S0 x S m x
m 1 m 1
(54) (62)
Where
1 m x ; q AS N WE GET S x u x WITH SOME APPROPRIATE
Sm x ASSUMPTION OF h
m ! q
m
q 0
(55) VII CONCLUSION
If the auxiliary linear operator, initial guesses, the auxiliary Various types of homogeneous, non homogeneous, linear,
parameter h and auxiliary functions are properly chosen than non linear ordinary differential equation can be solved easily
the series equation (54) converges at q 1 . by using homotopy analysis method.

x ;1 S0 x Sm x REFERENCES
m 1 [1] Abbasbandy S., The application of homotopy analysis
method to non linear equations arising in heat transfer,
i.e. u x S0 x S x
m 1
m
[2]
Phys. Lett. A 360 (2006) 109113.
Bataineh A.Sami, Noorani M.S.M. , Hashim I., Modified
This must be one of solutions of the original non linear homotopy analysis method for solving systems of second-
equations as proved by Liao Define the vectors order BVPs, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., in

Sn S0 x , S1 x , S2 x , .....Sn x
press (doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2007.09.012).
[3] S.J Liao., On the homotopy analysis method for non linear
(56) problems, Applied Mathematics and
th Computation,vol.147,no. 2,pp.499513,2004.
We have the so-called m order deformation equations S.J. Liao and Y. Tan , A general approach to obtain series
[4]
L Sm x m Sm x hRm Sm1 solutions of non linear diferential equations, Studies in
Applied Mathematics,vol.119,no.4,pp.297354,2007.
(57) [5] S.J. Liao.,Beyond Perturbation: Introduction to the
Where Homotopy Analysis Method, Chapman
1 m1 x ; q [6] S.J. Liao, Comparison between the homotopy analysis
Rm Sm1 method and homotopy perturbation method, Appl. Math.
m 1! q
m 1
q 0 Comput. 169 (2005) 11861194
[7] Z. Wang ,I. Zou ,H. Zhang .Applying homotopy analysis
(58) methodfor solving diferential-diference equation.Phys Lett

i.e. Rm Sm1 Sm1 xx Sm1 Sm1 x Sm1 A 2007;371:72-82

(59)


x
Sm x m Sm1 x h Rm Sm1 dx c
0

(60)
Now we will calculate


x
S1 x 1S0 x h R1 S0 dx c
0

(61)
Where

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