Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

University of the City of Manila

Gen. Luna cor, Muralla St.
Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

Course No. and Title: NUR 201 MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING I

Professor: Professor Ronie M. Tiamson, Professor Marilyn S. Agravante, Professor Janet

Lacsa

General Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to identify and understand the
different terms and topics associated with labor and delivery, stages of labor and puerperium.

Specific Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to:

Describe common theories explaining the onset of labor and the role of passenger,
passage, and powers in labor.
Use critical thinking to analyze ways that nurses can make labor and birth more family
centered.
Establish expected outcomes to meet the needs of a family throughout the labor
process.
Implement nursing care for a family during labor such as teaching about the stages of
labor.
Integrate knowledge of nursing care in labor with nursing process to achieve quality
maternal and child health nursing care.
Describe the psychological and physiologic changes that occur in a postpartal woman.
Implement nursing care to aid the progression of physiologic and psychological
transitions occurring in a postpartal woman.
Integrate knowledge of the physiologic and psychological changes of the postpartal
period with the nursing process to achieve quality maternal and child health nursing
care.

Participants: BSN II 1

Date: August 18, 2016

 LESSON OUTLINE AND TIME PLAN

Content Outline Method of Time Instructional Method of

Instruction Frame Resources Evaluation

Opening Prayer 10
minutes
Orientation to the class and introduction of activities and
topics

Pre-Test 10 Paper and

minutes Pen

I. Labor and Delivery Lecture 3 hours Visual Aids Recitation

A. Terms associated with labor and delivery and
B. Theories of Labor Discussion
C. Prodromal Signs of Labor
D. Signs of True and False Labor
E. Critical Factors of Labor
1. The Birth Passage
2. The Passenger
3. Relationship bet. Passage and
Labor
4. Powers of Labor
5. Psychosocial Status of Mother
II. Stages of Labor
A. Stage 1:
a. Latent Phase
b. Active Phase
c. Transition Phase
B. Stage 2: Fetal Stage
C. Stage 3: Placental Stage
D. Stage 4: Recovery Stage
III. Nursing Care of a Postpartal Woman and
Family
A. Psychological changes of the Postpartal
period
B. Phases of the puerperium
C. Development of parental love and positive
family relationships
D. Maternal concerns and feelings in the
Postpartal period
E. Physiologic changes of the Postpartal period
 F. Reproductive system changes
G. Systemic changes
H. Effects of retrogressive changes
I. Vital sign changes
J. Progressive changes
Post-Test 10 Paper and
minutes Pen
LABOR AND DELIVERY

I. Intrapartum Care
A. Extends from the beginning of contractions that cause cervical dilatation to the first 1
to 4 hours after delivery of the newborn and placenta.
B. Refers to the medical and nursing care given to the pregnant woman during labor
and delivery.
C. Admitting the laboring mother.
1. Personal Data
2. Baseline Data
3. Obstetrical Data
4. Physical Exams
5. Pelvic Exam

II. Essential knowledge of the Intrapartum Process

A. Theories of the onset labor
1. Uterine Stretch Theory any hallow organ once stretched to its maximum
potential will always contract and expel its content.
2. Prostaglandin Theory due to stimulation of arachidonic acid a substance
prostaglandin is produced that causes contraction of the uterus thus initiating
labor.
3. Progesterone Deprivation sudden drop of progesterone near delivery
stimulates labor.
4. Theory of Aging Placenta as the placenta begins to degenerate by 36 weeks,
the body perceives it as a foreign body hence makes his own defense to expel it
by contraction of uterus.
5. Oxytocin Stimulation Theory the production of posterior pituitary gland of this
substance will cause uterine contractions.

B. 4 Ps of Labor
1. Passenger (fetus)
a. Fetal Head: Largest part of the newborns body representing of newborns
length.
b. Bones:
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal
Frontal Sinciput
Occipital or Occiput
Parietal
c. Suture Lines
Sagittal connect 2 parietal bones
Coronal connects parietal and frontal bones
Lambdoidal connects parietal and occipital bones
 Molding the overlapping of sutures of the skull to permit passage

d. Fontanels: 2 are palpable

Anterior Fontanel (Bregma)
Diamond in shape, 3x4 cm in size.
Closes at 12-18 months
Posterior Fontanel (Lambda)
Triangular in shape, 1x1 cm in size.
Closes at 2-3 months

e. Important measurements of fetal head

 2. Passageway (Vagina and Pelvis)
a.) 4 Main Pelvic Types
Gynecoid
Anthropoid
Android
Platypelloid
3. Power the forces acting to expel the fetus and placenta
a. Involuntary contractions
b. Voluntary bearing down efforts.
c. Characteristics: wave like.
d. Timing: frequency, duration, intensity.
4. Psyche and Person psychological stress exists when mother is fighting the
labor experience.
a. Cultural interpretation
b. Preparation
c. Past experience
d. Support System

III. Normal Labor and Delivery

A. Pre-eminent Signs of Labor
1. Lightening settling of presenting part into the pelvic brim. Occurs 2 weeks prior
to delivery in primi.
a. Signs and Symptoms:
Shooting pain radiating to the legs
Urinary frequency
b. Engagement
2. Braxton Hicks Contractions painless or irregular contractions
3. Increased activity of the mother
 a. Also known as the nesting instinct, cause by hormone epinephrine.
b. Nursing Intervention: let the mother save her energy as fatigue can affect
the type of analgesia needed.
4. Ripening of the cervix butter softness of the cervix
5. Decrease in weight 1.5 3.0 lbs prior to labor
6. Bloody show pinkish vaginal discharge (leukorrhea, operculum, and blood
combined)
7. Rupture of the membranes
a. Nursing intervention: Check FHT
b. Check temperature every 2 hours because mother is more prone to
infection after membrane ruptures.

B. Difference between true labor and false labor

STAGES OF LABOR AND DELIVERY

Definitions
E. Stage 1: from onset of labor until full dilation of cervix
d. Latent Phase: from 0-4 cm
e. Active Phase: 4-8 cm
f. Transition Phase: 8-10 cm
F. Stage 2: from full dilation of cervix to birth of baby (Fetal Stage)
G. Stage 3: from birth of baby to expulsion of placenta (Placental Stage)
H. Stage 4: from period of delivery until uterus remains firm on its own (Recovery Stage)
I. First Stage
Latent Preparatory Phase
The latent stage starts at the onset of regularly perceived uterine contractions and ends when
rapid cervical dilation begins. This is also called the preparatory phase.
Contractions Duration of Cervical Dilation Duration
Contractions
Mild and short 20 to 40 seconds 0-3 cm Nullipara: 6
hoursMultipara: 4.5
5-30 mins hours
Nursing Considerations
Woman with a non-ripe cervix will have a longer than usual latent phase
Analgesia given too early during this period may prolong this phase
Woman who is psychologically prepared for labor only have minimal discomfort
Best time to reinforce health teachings
Assist woman to cope with contractions.
Help in concentrating on breathing techniques.

Active Phase
During the active phase, cervical dilatation occurs more rapidly and contractions grow stronger.
Contractions Duration of Cervical Dilation Duration
Contractions
Stronger, longer and 40 to 60 seconds 4 to 7 cm Nullipara: 3
causes true every 3 to 5 minutes hoursMultipara: 2
discomfort hours
Nursing Considerations:
It is an exciting time because a woman realizes something dramatic is happening
Administration of analgesic at this point has little effect on the progress of labor
Show and spontaneous rupture of membranes occur during this time

Transition Phase
During this phase, the contractions reach their peak intensity, cervix to maximum dilatation and
to full effacement.
Contractions Duration of Cervical Dilation Duration
Contractions
At peak intensity 60 to 90 seconds 8 to 10 cm Until full cervical
every 2-3 minutes dilation
Nursing Considerations:
If membranes have not previously ruptured or been ruptured by amniotomy, they will
rupture as a rule at full dilation.
Both full dilation and cervical effacement have occurred at this stage
Woman may have intense discomfort and may be accompanied by nausea and
vomiting.
 Woman may experience a feeling of loss of control, anxiety, panic or irritability.
Her focus is on the entirety of delivering her baby.
This stage ends at 10 cm of dilatation and feels a new sensation (i.e., irresistible urge
to push).
II. Second Stage

The second stage starts from full dilatation and cervical effacement to birth of the infant;
with uncomplicated birth, this stage takes about 1 hour. Contractions change to an
overwhelming, uncontrollable urge to push or bear down with each contraction as if to move her
bowels.
Patient may experience nausea and vomiting at this point.
Effacement is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal. Normally, the canal is
approximately 1 to 2 cm long.
Dilatation refers to the enlargement or widening of the cervical canal from an opening a
few millimeters wide to one large enough (approximately 10 cm) to permit passage of a
fetus
The circle enlarges from the size of a dime, then a quarter, then a half-dollar. This is
called crowning.
The fetal head touches the internal side of the perineum; the perineum begins to bulge and
appears tense. The anus may become everted and stool may be expelled.
As the fetal head pushes against the perineum, the vaginal introitus opens and the fetal scalp
appears at the opening to the vagina. At first, it appears slit-like then becomes oval and then
circular. This is called crowning.
All of her energy and her thoughts are being directed towards giving birth. As she pushes, using
her abdominal muscles to aid the involuntary uterine contractions, the fetus is pushed out of the
birth canal.
III. Third Stage
A. Care of the Baby
Clear airway of mucus
Observe frequently and use APGAR scoring to determine respiratory effort and
physical status
Keep thermoregulated
Assess for visible abnormalities
Administer antibiotic ophthalmic medication into each eyes to prevent ophthalmia
neonatorum

B. Assist with the delivery of placenta

Placenta is delivered about 3-10 minutes after the delivery of the baby
Signs of Placental Separation
Fundus become globular and firm again, rising high to the level of the umbilicus
(Calkins sign) earliest sign of placental separation
Lengthening of the cord
Sudden gush of blood from the vagina
Types of Placental Delivery
Shultz: from center to edges and presents the fetal surface which is shiny
Duncan: from edges to center and presents the maternal surface which is red
beefy and dirty
Nursing Interventions
Do not hurry the expulsion of the placenta by forcefully pulling out the
cord or doing vigorous fundal push as this can cause Uterine Inversion.
Just watch for the signs of placental separation
Tract the cord slowly, winding it around the clamp until placenta
spontaneously comes out, rotating it slowly so that no membranes are left
inside the uterus, a method called Brandt Andrews maneuver.
(mechanical manipulation of the placenta)
Inspect for completeness of cotyledons (15-28)

C. Palpate the uterus to determine degree of contraction. If relaxed, boggy, or non-

contacted, first action is to massage, gently and properly. An ice cap over the abdomen
will also help contract the uterus.

D. Check the vital signs especially BP

E. Administer medications as ordered:

Methylergonovine Maleate (Methergine) ergotrate derivatives
- Prevents or controls excessive bleeding after delivery
- If BP is high, never give Methergine because it may lead to hypertension
- Administer IM or IV
Oxytocin
- Maintains uterine contraction post-delivery to prevent hemorrhage
 - Administer via piggy-back
Oxytocins are not given before placental delivery because placental
entrapment may occur unless it is used to induce labor

F. Inspect the perineum for lacerations

G. Assist the physician in doing episiorrhapy (repair of episiotomy or lacerations)

In vaginal episiorrhapy, packing is done to maintain suture line, thus preventing
futher bleeding
Vaginal packs have to be removed 24-48 hours because it becomes medium for
bacterial growth which may lead to puerperal sepsis.

IV. Stage 4:
A. Monitor vital signs. Blood pressure and pulse rate maybe slightly increased from
excitement and effort of delivery but normalizes within one hour
B. Immediately after delivery, it is palpable between umbilicus and symphysis pubis; two
hours after delivery, the fundus is at the same height with umbilicus
C. Palpate fundus every 15 minutes for firmness and height in relation to umbilicus; if
relaxed and dextroverted
Check for bladder distention; determine voiding pattern; a full bladder can lead to
uterine atony leading hemorrhage

D. Monitor mother as body gradually regains homeostasis

Lochia post-partum vaginal discharge, containing blood, mucus, and placental
tissue.
Should be moderate in amount
Types:
1. Rubra (reddish): 1-3 days postpartum
2. Serosa (brownish): 4-10 days
3. Alba (whitish): 10-14 days can be up to weeks to 2 months
Lochial discharge typically continues for 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth
Observe perineum for: (R-E-E-D-A)
Redness
Edema
Ecchymosis
Discharges
Approximation

E. Make mother comfortable

Do perineal care and apply sanitary napkin snugly to prevent its moving forward
from the anus to the vagina
Soiled napkin should be removed from front to back
Position the newly-delivered mother Flat on Bed to prevent dizziness due to
decreased oxygen supply resulting from a change in intraabdominal pressure
 The newly-delivered mother may suddenly complain of chills due to rapid
decrease of pressure, fatigue, or cold temperature in the delivery room (Provide
additional blankets)
May give initial nourishment progressing to a regular diet as ordered
Clear liquid diet flavored gelatin, tea, ginger ale, Gatorade, cool aid
Full liquid diet (or general liquids) milk, ice cream, soup, vanilla
pudding
Soft diet
Regular diet (DAT)
Allow mother to sleep and regain energy

F. Promote maternal-infant bonding

The original mother-infant bond is the wellspring for all the infants subsequent
attachments and is the formative relationship in the course which the child
develops a sense of himself
The strength and character of this attachment will influence the quality of all
future bonds to other individuals
There is a sensitive period in the first hours of life during which it is necessary
that the mother and father have close contact with their neonate for later
development to be optimal.
G. Adhere to Rooming-in concept as stated per hospital protocols
Strict baby stays with mom the whole time
Partial baby stays with the mother in the morning and stays in the nursery at
night

NURSING CARE OF POSTPARTAL FAMILY

Postpartal period or puerperium

Puer child
Parere to bring forth

Nursing Process Overview

For a Postpartal Woman and Family

* Assessment

During the puerperium, assessment of a woman is accomplished by health interview,

physical examination, and analysis of laboratory data. It is important to ensure that physical
changes, such as uterine involution, are occurring by evaluating uterine size and consistency
and lochia ow amount.

Assessment of a womans psychological adjustment begins with her reaction at birth

(Was she disappointed or happy with the appearance of her baby? Is she glad to be through
with the pregnancy or still longing to be back in it?) and continues with every contact made with
the family during and after a hospital stay. Assess the extent and quality of the womans
interaction with her child (Does she hold the infant and talk to him or her?), her overall mood
(Do you observe her crying? Does she have long periods of staring into space or not talking?),
and her ability to begin infant care. Observe also for self-care. A woman who feels good about
herself, even though she is exhausted from childbirth, usually will try to maintain her
appearance. On the other hand, if she is depressed, she probably has little energy to do things
such as comb her hair or worry about her appearance.

*Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing diagnoses during the postpartal period usually are concerned either with a
familys inability to accept and bond with a new child or with physiologic considerations.
Examples might include:

Health-seeking behaviors related to care of newborn

Risk for impaired parenting related to disappointment in the sex of the child

Fear related to lack of preparation for child care

Risk for decient uid volume related to postpartal hemorrhage

*Outcome Identication and Planning

Be certain that outcomes established during this time are realistic in light of a womans
changed life pattern. Most postpartal families remain in the hospital for a relatively short time,
only 48 to 72 hours. The postpartum stay in an alternative birth center can be as short as 4
hours. That means outcomes must be devised that can be accomplished and evaluated during
this short period of client contact. If an outcome cannot be evaluated within this short timeframe,
follow-up home care or ambulatory visits may be necessary. When planning care in the
postpartal period, try to arrange procedures to allow optimal time for family infantinteraction
and yet provide adequate time for a woman to rest, to prevent exhaustion. Prevention of
exhaustion can improve coping ability and plans for self-care. After adequate instruction, a
woman should be prepared to monitor her own health after she returns home. Planning should
also include ample time for health teaching. An important part of teaching related to care of the
newborn is preparation for the unexpected and the need for exibility, because parents do not
yet know what their new life will be like (whether their child will sleep deeply or tfully at night,
whether their child will become hungry at long or short intervals) or how tired they will become
after being awakened frequently during the night.

*Implementation

All interventions in the postpartal period should be family centered, to enhance family
functioning and bonding. Interventions also should be geared toward increasing a womans self-
esteem and allowing her to view herself as a new mother and her new infant as part of her
family. Teaching new mothers is important, but it is also important to explore what they already
know about child care and what they think would be a sensible solution to a problem. Giving
advice only solves an immediate problem; helping a woman learn good problem-solving
technique improves her ability to handle the many challenges that will arise with childrearing.

*Outcome Evaluation

If a woman fails to make an adequate adjustment to her new life changes, she may have
difculty integrating an infant into the family. This could affect a childs mental health, self-
esteem, and ability to form a sense of trust. Evaluation in the postpartal period involves being
certain not only that a woman and her baby are safe but also that the woman knows how to
maintain her own health. Such follow-up evaluation can be done by telephone, during home
visits, or during postpartal and well-child assessments.
Examples of expected outcomes include:
Parents spontaneously make at least one positive comment about their childs
characteristics before hospital discharge.
Client states that she believes she will be able to manage newborn care with
the support of her signicant other.
Clients lochial ow is no more than one saturated perineal pad (50 mL) every 3
hours. Client states she is tired but feels able to manage her newborn and
family care.
 Psychological Changes of the Postpartal Period

I. Phases of the pueperium

A. Taking in-phase

It is a time of reflection
Woman is passive during 2-3 day period
She prefer the nurse to minister her because of physical discomfort of after pains,
hemorrhoids and partly from her uncertainty in caring for her newborn and from
exhaustion that follows childbirth
Usually a woman wants to talk about her pregnancy.

B. Taking-Hold Phase
Woman begin to initiate actions and decision and become independent
Last from 3rd to 10th day postpartum
Woman begins to take strong interest on how to take care of her child and sometimes
she may feel insecurities about her ability to take care of her own child
Mothers needs praise for the things she does on supporting her baby to give her more
confidence
This phase must not be rush or prevent because this is the most difficult phase of
motherhood.
C. Letting-Go Phase
Woman redefines her new role
Last for 10 days to 6 weeks postpartum
She gives up her old role of being childless or the mother of only one or two
This process requires some grief work and readjustment because It is extended and
continuous.

Development of Parental Love and Positive Family Relationship

Claiming or Bonding - Mother begins to express more warmth and touch to her child

She begins to play with her child and become more comfortable

En Face position - Mother is directly looking at her newborns face with direct eye contact

- Fathers can be observed staring at the newborn for long interval

Engrossment it is term how actively the parents are bonding with the newborn

Rooming-In

Infants stays in the room with her mother to become more acquianted and to feel more
confident about her ability to care for the newborn

2 Types of Rooming-IN

Complete infant stays with mother for 24 hours

Partial infant stats with the mother for such time and return to a central nursery
Sibling Visitation

Siblings get the feeling of separation if a mother is gives birth to a new child they feel
their mother cares for the new child and not them.
Taking the sibling to the hospital is helpful for the sibling to see her mother and the
newborn reduces the feeling that their mother cares more about the newborn than them.

Maternal Concerns and Feelings in the Postpartal Period

Abandonment

Women can get jealous about her own baby and feel abandonment because people only
talk about the newborn and as if she was less important
Examination of competitive feelings for both mother and father involve some
compromise in favor of babys interest and should start during the start of pregnancy or
early in postpartal period.

Disappointment

Common feelings of the parents when they experience that their expectation from the
was not achieved
They may felt unattractive and the feeling of inadequacy all over again
Nurse can help by comment on childs good points during the period of crisis and also
support them to accept the situation to cope with new circumstances
Postpartal Blues

Feeling of overwhelming sadness, may be caused by hormonal changes particulary the

estrogen and progesterone that occurs on delivery of placenta
This may be a response to dependence and low self-esteem caused by exhaustion,
being away from home etc.
It is evidence by tearfulness, feeling of inadequate, mood lability, anorexia and sleep
disturbance
This is normal but mother should have a support person to let her understand the
situation. verbalizing the feelings of the mother helps to express her emotions
Keeping lines of communication of this stage is important because postpartal blues may
become serious and become postpartal depressions.
Subject: Preschool Microteaching

Topic: Community Helpers and Proper Hygiene (Hand Washing, Teeth Care)

Students/Participants: Moving Every Morning Learning Center Kinder I Students

Time Allotment: 2 hours

Teacher: Mrs. Melinda Rodriguez

Placement/Location: Moving Every Morning Learning Center

3460 A.C Herrera Street, Tondo Manila
Date: September 9, 2016 (Friday)

Time: 10:00 am 12:00 nn

General Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the Grade 3 students will acquire knowledge on different foods and
the vitamins they contain based on their colors; along with the importance and benefits of proper
hydration and exercise.

Specific Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the participants will be able to:

Understand and identify what vitamins in food based on its color

State and discuss different vitamins
Discuss the importance of drinking water
Discuss the benefits of drinking water
Discuss on when to best drink water
Discuss the importance of doing daily exercises
 LESSON OUTLINE AND TIME PLAN

Course Outline Method of Time Frame Instructional Methods of

Instruction Resources Evaluation

Introduction to class 10 minutes

Opening Prayer

Orientation to the class

of activities and topics

I. Singing a song
10 minutes Performing the
song

II. Hydration:
Importance of Lecture, 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation
drinking water Discussion,
Benefits of
drinking water
When best to
drink water

BREAK 15 minutes

Lecture,
Discussion,
I. Vitamins on photo 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation
foods based on presentation
color
Games/Activity 10 minutes

II. Caring for our

teeth Demonstration, 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation
Lecture

Summary of topics, 10 minutes

closure, closing prayer
 CARING FOR OUR TEETH

Objectives:
- To be able to know the importance of teeth
- To understand the ways in keeping the teeth clean and healthy
- To be introduce dentist as a friendly doctor that takes care of teeth

I. Importance of teeth
A. Why do we need teeth
1. Ask students what we do with our teeth. (smiling, talking, chewing)
2. Have the students chew and smile at each other.
3. Teeth also helps us make our food into little pieces that prevents us from
choking
4. Our teeth are important because they help us talk properly, chew our food and
give us beautiful smiles!
B. Teeth Characteristics
1. What are your teeth? Are they soft or hard? Are they strong? Our teeth are
hard and are strong.
C. Baby teeth and Permanent teeth
1. When did you get your teeth? (When you were a baby) Why do babies need
teeth? (To learn how to talk and so that they can eat solid food) How many
baby teeth do children get? (20 strong teeth)
2. When you get older, your 20 baby teeth will be replaced by 32 permanent
teeth. Your permanent teeth are bigger and stronger than your baby teeth.
They are made to last the rest of your life.

II. Keeping the teeth clean and healthy

A. Brushing teeth
1. What do you do to keep your teeth clean and healthy? (Brush teeth) Who
brushes their teeth? (Raise your hands) When do you brush your teeth? How
do you brush your teeth? What do you use? (Toothbrush, toothpaste, water)
How much toothpaste do you put in your toothbrush? (Find out and
demonstrate how much should be used pea-sized amount) What do you do
with toothpaste on mouth? (Toothpaste is used for cleaning teeth. Dont
swallow it)
2. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. Dont swallow toothpaste. Keep our teeth
lean and healthy.
 B. Brushing techniques
1. Ask who taught them how to brush their teeth. How do you brush your
teeth?

2. Proper brushing of teeth

3. What plaque is. When you brush your teeth at night, they feel clean and
your mouth tastes good, right? Well, if you dont brush your teeth before
going to bed, how does your mouth feel when you wake up in the
morning? (Tastes bad, smells bad, teeth feel sticky). That is because there
is something else that gets on your teeth besides the food you eat. Its
called plaque. Can you say plaque? Although you cant see it, plaque is a
sticky film that is forming on your teeth all the time. Plaque is a sticky, clear
film that forms on your teeth all the time.
4. Healthy food. Eating healthy and nutritious food will keep our teeth clean
and strong. Eat vegetables and fruits. Dont eat t much sweets as this will
weaken you teeth.

III. Dentist
A. Role of dentist
1. Doctor who keeps our teeth clean and healthy
B. Importance of visiting dentist
2. Who visits their dentist? (To make our teeth clean and healthy)
3. The dentist is our partner in caring for our teeth.

Reference: https://www.manitobadentist.com
COMMUNITY HELPERS

Community helpers are important people whose job is to help others. Everyone who
lives in a community can be a community helper. Some examples of community helpers
are grocery store clerks, teachers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and bakers.
There are a lot more community helpers than this, but these are just a few examples.
But, the important thing about community helpers is they work together to create a
community.

House Painter

They are painters who know how to paint a house. They have
tools to paint a house. Building a school, maybe drawing
designs
Astronaut
They go into space. They have 4 jobs that are commander, pilot, mission specialists
and payload specialists. They wear a spacesuit and have a helmet.

Baker

Bakers make baked goods and they send the food to

the market where people buy the goods that the
bakers made. Most bakers work at bakeries,
grocery stores, and restaurants. Most bakers go to
work before sunrise. Another job of a baker is to
keep their bakeries clean. Bakers wear white
uniforms and tall white hats. Some bakers wear
aprons to keep food off their clothes. Most bakers
wear white gloves so when they make pastries the
food does not stick to their hands. Also, when the
bakers wear their gloves the dirt on their hands does
not get on the food or pastries.

Carpenter

Carpenters use wood to build things. They use hand

tools such as hammers and screw drivers. They
also use electronic tools such as power drills. They
also use levels to make sure their work is straight.
They work with architects. Also, they work with
contractors.
Chef
Some chefs place their orders. Most buy their food at
the store.
Chefs cook food for other people and sometimes
present their food. They experiment with new
ingredients or a new recipe. Chefs wear a white hat
and apron and shirts and pants.

Grocer

The grocers job is to get food and products that people might
need to buy, be a kind man and help the customers, and lastly
get workers to help him/her with the grocery store.

Construction Worker

A Construction Worker helps our community by building

houses, apartments, and buildings. A Construction worker
usually wears boots, a vest, a tool belt, gloves, a hard plastic
hat, and their plans. Their equipment is a saw, a water jug, a
cord, a wheelbarrow, cones, a tool box, and a ladder.
Dentist

They use tools like a toothbrush and a special

light. Dentist wear gloves, a white coat, a
mask and magnifying glasses. Makes sure
that your teeth are healthy and clean and
shows how to properly brush our teeth.

Doctor

A doctor takes care of peoples health by giving

checkups and helping sick or injured patients.
Before students can be doctors they have to go
to college and four years of medical school.
Some doctors work at hospitals and do
operations on people. Doctors wear a long white
coat so that they dont get germs. When doctors
do operations they wear gloves so that no germs
get into
other
peoples bodies.

EMT

An E.M.T.s job is to help people that are

hurt. When they are not helping patients
they rest and eat at the station. Today
E.M.T.s teach children how to ride bikes
and play safely. E.M.T.s wear uniforms
to show that they are emergency
workers. Their pants have many pockets
 to hold supplies. They wear gloves to treat a cut. The gloves help stop the
spread of germs.

Fire fighter

Fire fighters are very brave. They fight fires. They are
like heroes. They are total protectors. They wear
protective clothing. They help our community by
saving people from dangerous fires. They have
walkie-talkies to communicate with other fire fighters.
They have a big hose to put out giant fires. They
usually wear red and yellow hats and red boots.
Lastly they wear red jackets.

Teacher
Teachers jobs are to teach kids new
stuff like reading, writing, and spelling.
She also teaches us math and other
subjects. Teachers wear shoes, pants
and shirts. Teachers tools are pens,
chalk board, and books. The book helps
the teacher by telling the her what to do
with the kids today. The pens help
teachers by writing with them and
grading stuff. The chalk board helps the
teacher by writing math problems to the

kids.

Mailman

A mailman's job is to deliver important letters and bills

to people. They wear a short sleeved shirt and short
pants in summer. In winter they wear a long jacket
and long pants and boots. They can be women too.
 Mayor
Mayors make speeches to get their message out.
He/she does this so nobody gets crazy about the laws.
Mayors also represent the people of the town. He/she
sometimes has broadcasts of exiting or terrible news
speeches. Mayors sometimes wear tuxedos.

Nurse

My community worker job is helping people

when they are sick or hurt. Nurses give
papers that tell you what kind of medicine to
take. Nurses give special food for women that are having babies.
Nurses wear uniforms called scrubs. Nurses also wears clean
comfortable shoes.

Pharmacist
They read about new medicines. They also
count pills, weigh medicines, and measure
liquid medicines. They label medicine bottles.
A pharmacist fills your prescription. They wear
a white shirt and white pants.

Plumber
Plumbers put pipes in buildings. Plumbers put sinks, toilets, and bathtubs.
Plumbers fix pipes that leak.

Police officer

They work to keep the townspeople safe. They stop fights. They
catch criminals. They wear uniforms, nametags, and a bulletproof
vest. They carry guns, handcuffs, pagers, notebooks, pens, and
telephones. They investigate crimes. They take reports. They give
speeding tickets. They put bad people in jail. Those are some things
police officers do.

Sanitation Worker

They pick up trash that is stinky and they

sometimes pick up leaves. Sanitation workers
work in all different places and weather. They
wear gloves to keep their hands safe from sharp
trash. They wear a hard shirt to protect their
stomachs.

Veterinarian

There are many different jobs of a

veterinarian and one job of a veterinarian is to
help animals when animals are sick. Another
thing a veterinarian does is bury animals
when they are dead. Sometimes
veterinarians have kennels so when the
owners have to go away they take care of
them in the kennel. Here are some of the
tools a veterinarian uses\wears. They use
lights, x-rays, light box, scopes, table, charts,
 stethoscope and a coat. That is what a
veterinarians do and wear.

Zoo keeper

Zoo keepers keep animals safe and healthy at

the zoo. They clean up the animals areas. They
feed the animals and give them water. Most zoo
keepers wear uniforms. Most zoo keepers wear
protective clothing, so the animals do not bite
them.
PROPER HAND WASHING:
Washing your hands properly is one of the most important things you can do to help
prevent and control the spread of many illnesses. Good hand hygiene will reduce the
risk of things like flu, food poisoning and healthcare associated infections being passed
from person to person.

To properly wash your hands using the superior six-step method begin by wetting
hands with water and grab either a dollop of soap or hand rub.

Begin rubbing your palms together with your fingers closed, then together with
fingers interlaced.

Move your right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa
make sure to really rub in between your fingers.

Then interlock your fingers and rub the back of them by turning your wrist in a
half circle motion.

Clasp your left thumb in your right palm and rub in in a rotational motion from the
tip of your fingers to the end of the thumb, then switch hands.

And finally scrub the inside of your right hand with your left fingers closed and the
other hand.

Hand hygiene is regarded as the most important intervention to reduce healthcare-

associated infections, but there is limited evidence on which technique is most effective.
Subject: Special Education Microteaching

Topic: Pagkain ng Almusal, Kahalagahan ng pag-inom ng tubig, Masustansya at Di

Masustansyang Pagkain

Students/Participants: Barrio Obrero Elementary School Silahis ng Pag-asa Students

Time Allotment: 2 hours

Teacher: Mrs. Salvacion Cornes and Mrs. Eva Binuya

Placement/Location: Barrio Obrero Elementary School

3247 Narra Street, Tondo Manila
Date: September 15, 2016 (Thursday)

Time: 1:00 pm 3:00 pm

General Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the SpEd students will be able to understand the basic concepts of
nutritious food; along with acquiring knowledge with regards to importance eating breakfast and
drinking water.

Specific Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the participants will be able to:

State the basic concepts of nutritious food

State and understand the importance of eating breakfast
Discuss the possible effects of not eating nutritious food, skipping breakfast, and
not drinking enough water
Show pictures of healthy and unhealthy food
Display pictures of common food for breakfast
State and understand the importance of nutritious food
 LESSON OUTLINE AND TIME PLAN

Course Outline Method of Time Frame Instructional Methods of

Instruction Resources Evaluation

Introduction to class 10 minutes

Opening Prayer

Orientation to the class

of activities and topics

I. Singing a song
10 minutes Performing the
song

II. Masustansiya at
Di- Lecture, 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation
Masustansiyang Discussion
Pagkain

BREAK 15 minutes

III. Pagkain ng Lecture, 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation

Almusal Discussion

Games/Activity 10 minutes
IV. Kahalagahan ng
pag-inom ng Demonstration, 20 minutes Visual aids Recitation
tubig Lecture

Summary of topics, 10 minutes

closure, closing prayer
 MASUSTANSIYA AT DI-MASUSTANSIYANG PAGKAIN
MASUSTANSIYANG PAGKAIN
1. Maberdeng mga gulay Ang gulay tulad
ng repolyo, pechay, kangkong, spinach at
iba pang mga talbos ay napakahalaga sa
katawan. Sagana ito sa vitamins, mine rals
at iba pang healthy na kemikal. Kapag
mahilig ka sa gulay, tingin ko ay puwede ka
nang hindi mag-vitamins. Tipid pa! Ang
gulay ay maganda rin sa maraming sakit
tulad ng sakit sa puso, diabetes, sakit sa
tiyan, pag-iwas sa colon cancer at iba pang
kanser.
2. Matatabang isda Ang mga oily na isda
tulad ng salmon, tuna, mackerel at sardinas
ay may Omega-3. Ang Omega-3 ay nag-aalaga ng puso, nagpapaiwas sa atake sa puso at
istrok, at nagpapababa ng kolesterol sa katawan. Ang problema lang ay mahal ang mga isda na
ito.
3. Kamatis Ang kamatis ay puno ng lycopene na
tinatawag na anti-oxidants. Pang-alis ito ng dumi sa
ating mga selula. Ang ketchup at tomato juice ay
mainam din. Ang kamatis ay makatutulong din sa pag-
iwas ng mga kanser.
4. Citrus fruits tulad ng calamansi, suha at dalandan
Masustansya ang mga prutas na ito dahil may Vitamin
C. Ang Vitamin C ay panlaban sa mga sakit tulad ng
sipon, hika, at arthritis.
5. Carrots May naniniwala na ang carrots ay panlaban
sa kanser. Ito rin ay may Vitamin A na mabuti sa ating
mga mata. Isa pa, nakakapayat ito dahil 35 calories lang ang kalahating tasa ng carrots. Kaya
turuan natin ang ating mga anak na kumain ng carrots.
6. Saging Ito ang pinaka-healthy na prutas para sa akin. Puwede ito gawing gamot sa ulcer at
pangangasim ng sikmura. Itoy dahil natatapalan ng saging ang mga sugat sa tiyan. Mabuti rin
ito sa mga nagtatae.
Ang saging ay lunas din sa mga nanghihina at may cramps dahil marami itong potassium. Kung
lagi kayong pawisin at gusto nyong lumakas, mag-saging ka. Nakita niyo na ba si Roger
Federer, ang tanyag na tennis player? Kumakain siya ng saging sa gitna ng kanyang laban.
Kailangan ni Federer ng lakas at sigla, at saging ang sagot.
Magbigay ng isang tula tungkol sa Masustansiyang Pagkain:

ANG GATAS AT ITLOG

 Alagaan mo ang manok
Bibigyan ka ng itlog.
Ang gatas at ang itlog
Ay pagkaing pampalusog.
Ang saging at papaya
Ay pagkaing pampaganda.
Ikawy uminom ng gatas
At kumain ka ng itlog.
Hindi magtatagal
At ikawy bibilog.

DI MASUSTANSIYANG PAGKAIN
Heto naman ang listahan ng pitong pagkaing nakatataba na dapat natin limitahan. Ang mga
pagkaing ito ay nailathala na nang maraming organisasyon, nutritionists, doktor, researchers at
siyentipiko na nakatataba at hindi maganda para sa katawan.
1. Pritong pagkain (fried foods) dahil mataas ito sa
taba at mantika.
2. Donuts at pastries dahil mataas sa calories at
asukal.
3. Candy, chocolate at mga matatamis. Mataas ito sa
asukal at calories.
4. Matatamis na juices at soft drinks, dahil mataas ito
sa asukal. Uminom na lang ng tubig na walang
calories. Puwede rin ang mainit na tsaa.
5. Potato chips dahil sa sangkap na asin at mantika.
6. Bacon, hot dogs at sausage dahil may halo itong
taba at preservatives.
7. Hamburgers dahil mataas sa taba.
 Pagkain ng Almusal

Ang almusal ang pinakamahalagang pagkain natin sa buong araw

Kahalagahan ng pagkain ng almusal

Para lumakas - Parang kotse na kulang sa gasolina, ang ating katawan ay
manghihina kapag wala tayong pagkain. Kailangan ng utak natin ang pagkain
para gumana. Tandaan natin na halos 10 oras nang walang laman ang ating
tiyan pagdating ng umaga. Kaya dapat lang na lagyan ng pagkain o enerhiya sa
umaga.
Para tumalino ang bata Ang mga batang kumakain ng almusal ay nakakakuha
ng mas mataas na grado sa eskuwelahan kumpara sa mga batang gutom. Mas
alerto, matalino, at mabilis sumagot ang mga batang busog, kumpara sa hindi
nag-almusal. Bigyan lamang ng masustansyang almusal ang mga bata tulad ng
itlog, gulay, isda, kanin, gatas, yogurt o cereals.
Para hindi magka-ulcer Ang mga taong madalas malipasan sa pagkain ay
maaaring magkaroon ng ulcer o pananakit ng tiyan. Para makaiwas dito,
kailangan tayong kumain ng pakonti-konti pero madalas sa isang araw. Kumain
ng 5 hanggang 6 na beses sa isang araw, pero konti lang. Mas hindi
mahihirapan ang iyong tiyan sa pagtunaw nito at mapapanatili pang tuloy-tuloy
ang daloy ng lakas sa iyong katawan
Hindi nakatataba ang pagkain ng almusal May maling paniniwala na papayat
ka kapag hindi ka nag-almusal. Sa katunayan, lalo ka pang tataba kapag hindi ka
nag-almusal! Bakit po? Ang mga taong hindi nag-almusal ay mas gutom sa
tanghalian, kaya siguradong mapaparami ang kanilang makakain.

Magbigay ng isang tula tungkol sa almusal.

UMAGA NANAMAN

Akoy inaantok pagkamulat ng mata

Itlog at pandesal sa lamesay nakita
Ito ay aking paborito, nakakapag bigay ng talino
Sa bawat kagat, ramdam ko ang sarap nito.

Binili ako ng aking ina ng munting champorado

Itoy nakakabusog at talagang gusto ko
Pagkain ng almusal ay talagang masaya
 Hindi dapat kaligtaan tuwing umaga.

KAHALAGAHAN NG PAG-INOM NG TUBIG

10 benepisyo ng pag-inom ng tubig
1. Nakakapagbigay ng lakas at nakakawala ng pagodAng utak ng
isang tao ay binubuo ng mas malaking pursiyento ng tubig, ang pag-
inom ng tubig ay nakakatulong upang tayo ay makapag-isip ng
mabuti at maayos. Tumutulong din ito upang tumalas ang ating
isipan

2. Nakakatulong sa pagbawas ng timbang Inaalis ng tubig ang

taba sa ating katawan, pinapababa nito ang gana sa pagkain,
nakakabawas ng gutom, pinabibilis nito ang metabolismo sa ating
katawan at higit sa lahat ito ay walang calories

3. Nakakabawas ng toxin Sa pag-inom ng tubig ay nailalabas ang

toxin sa katawan sa pamamagitan ng pagpapawis at pag-ihi. Sa
pamamagitan ng regular na pag-ihi ay puwedeng maiwasan ang
panganib ng sakit sa kdiney stone at urinary tract infections (UTI).

4. Nakakapanatili ng magandang balat Pinapanatiling mamasa-masa at hindi dry ang balat,

sariwa, malambot at makinis. Ang pag-inom ng tubig ay mabisang pangontra sa pagkulubot ng
balat o natural anti-aging treatment!

5. Regular na pagdumi Ang pag-inom ng tubig ay nakakatulong upang maging regular ang
pagdumi.

6. Nakakapagpalakas ng resistensiya Ang pag-inom tubig ay nakakatulong upang makaiwas

sa ibat-ibang sakit katulad ng sakit sa puso, hypertension, trangkaso at marami pang iba.

7. Natural na pang lunas ng sakit sa ulo Tumutulong na mabawasan ang sakit sa ulo at sakit
sa kasukasuan dulot ng dehydration.

8. Nakakatulong makaiwas sa pulikat at pilay- Ang tamang pag-inom ng tubig ay nakakatulong

upang maging madulas ang mga kasukasuan at nakakatulong din ito na mabanat ng maayos
ang mga muscle para maiwasan ang matinding pananakit nito kapag may mga aktibidad na
ginagawa.

9. Nakakapanatili ng magandang disposisyon Kapag ang isang tao ay walang nararamdamang

sakit o anumang hindi magandang pakiramdam ito ay nakakapagpaganda ng pananaw at
disposisyon sa buhay.

10. Nakakatulong na makatipid sa gastusin Kung ang isang tao ay regular na umiinom ng
tubig ay malaki ang matitipid sa kadahilanang hindi kailangang ilaan ang pera sa
pagpapagamot o ano pa mang medical na serbisyo. Ang regular na pag-inom ng tubig ay
nakakapanatili ng malusog na pamumuhay.

JASMINE ADRIANE P. BORJA

1141 R. Papa St. Barrio Obrero, Tondo Manila

09061176446
jasmine_borja@yahoo.com
You fight it. You dont give up. And then one day, you just change

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth: August 31, 1996
Place of Birth: Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Female
Mothers Name: Violeta Borja
Occupation: Business woman
Fathers Name: Jesus Borja
Occupation: Seaman

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary
2013-Present Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Secondary
2009-2013 St. Marys Academy of Caloocan City
Madre Ignacia Avenue, Grace Park, Caloocan City
Primary
2003-2009 St. Marys Academy of Caloocan City
Madre Ignacia Avenue, Grace Park, Caloocan City
RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Bo. Fugoso Lying-In Center Philippine General Hospital

Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial Medical Center Psychiatric Ward
Pedia Ward Operating Room
Intramuros Health Center Sta. Ana Hospital
Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center ICU
ER
ENT
ICU
Nursery Room
OB Gyne Ward
Operating Room

COMPETENCIES AND INTEREST

Computer Skills: Personal Interest:
Microsoft Word Music
Microsoft PowerPoint Movie
Microsoft Publisher Internet
Adobe Photoshop Cooking/Food
Movie Maker Travelling
Sports
Dancing
Singing
Outdoor Activities
Carl Wilson A. Santos
2316 Granate St. San Andres Bukid

09363269853

carlwilson.santos0721@gmail.com

If you dont risk, you cant create a future

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth: December 7, 1994
Place of Birth: Philippine General Hospital, Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Mothers Name: Carina A. Santos
Occupation: Nurse Attendant
Fathers Name: Wilfredo R. Santos
Occupation: Utility Worker

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary
2012-Present Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Secondary
2008-2012 Paco Catholic School
Paco, Manila
Primary
2001-2007 Paco Catholic School
Damong Maliit, Novaliches, Quezon City
RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Bo. Fugoso Lying-In Center Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center

Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial Medical Center ENT
Surgery Ward ICU
Nursery OB Gyne Ward
Pedia Ward Operating Room
Pamana Health Center
Philippine General Hospital
Psychiatric Ward
Operating Room

COMPETENCIES AND INTEREST

Computer Skills: Personal Interest:
Microsoft Word Music
Microsoft PowerPoint Movie
Basic Troubleshoot Cooking
Driving
Sports
Maria Ericka B. Santos
Blk-18 Lot 14 C. Arellano St. Katarungan Village, Muntinlupa City

09774950164

erickasantos888@gmail.com

All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue
them.

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth: June 08, 1996
Place of Birth: Muntinlupa CIty
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Female
Mothers Name: Remedios Pinky B. Santos
Occupation: Government Employee
Fathers Name: Enrico Ramiro E. Santos
Occupation: Government Employee

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary
2013-Present Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

2013 Makati Medical Center College

144 Legazpi St. Corner V.A. Rufino Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Secondary
2009-2013 Southernside Montessori School
 Camella Homes IV, Poblacion Muntinlupa City

Primary
2007-2009 Southernside Montessori School
Camella Homes IV, Poblacion Muntinlupa City

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Bo. Fugoso Lying-In Center Philippine General Hospital
Psychiatric Ward
Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center Operating Room
OB-Gyne Ward Delivery Room
Operating Room
Emergency Room
Nursery Room
Surgical Ward Intramuros Health Center

Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial

Medical Center
Pedia Ward
Medical Ward

COMPETENCIES AND INTEREST

Computer Skills: Personal Interest:
Microsoft Word Music
Microsoft PowerPoint Travelling
Microsoft Publisher Internet
Adobe Photoshop Food
Movies/Series
Dancing
Singing
Outdoor Activities
Arts
Novels
Rika Anne V. Santos
1445 Tecson St. Tondo, Manila

09068070870

rikaannesantos29@gmail.com

Its better to look back on life and say I cant believe I did that.
Than to look back and say I wish I did that

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth: November 29, 1996
Place of Birth: Tondo, Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Female
Mothers Name: Angelica V. Santos
Occupation: None
Fathers Name: Roderick A. Santos
Occupation: Businessman

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary
2013-Present Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Secondary
2009-2013 St. Joseph Catholic School
2683 Juan Luna St. Gagalangin, Tondo, Manila
Primary
2001-2008 St. Joseph Catholic School
2683 Juan Luna St. Gagalangin, Tondo, Manila
RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Bo. Fugoso Lying-In Center Philippine General Hospital

Psychiatric Ward
Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center Operating Room
OB-Gyne Ward Delivery Room
Operating Room
Emergency Room Santa Ana Hospital
Nursery Room Intensive Care Unit
Medical Ward
Surgical Ward Intramuros Health Center
Intensive Care Unit

Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial

Medical Center
Pedia Ward

COMPETENCIES AND INTEREST

Computer Skills: Personal Interest:
Microsoft Word Music
Microsoft PowerPoint Travelling
Microsoft Publisher Internet
Adobe Photoshop Food
Movies
Badminton/Basketball
Dancing
Singing
Outdoor Activities