Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) is tackling energy and environmental protection
issues on a global scale. MHI offers a broad array of technologies that contribute to building a
better future for the world, ranging from technologies for development of renewable energy
sources to various instruments and systems to help preserve the environment.
MHI has also adopted a global corporate social responsibility agenda with the cooperation of
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. As the first
program under the agenda, the MHI group in September held the first workshop of Fourfold
Forum on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Yangon in Myanmars largest and rapidly
developing city. The forum was aimed at promoting sound waste disposal practices in the
country. Discussions focused on the current environmental situation in Myanmars major
cities and the history of Japans administrative efforts to ensure environmentally sound
disposal of general industrial waste.
We will report on each of the scheduled four forums, the last of which will be held in June
2016.
1s t Fo ru m
Summary of the Forum
We l com e A dd r e s s
Forums will help Yangon learn best practices for urban solid waste
Mr. Win Khaing, President, Myanmar Engineering Society
We are convinced that the series of forums will help Yangon understand and implement the best
practices concerning municipal solid waste management and develop effective urban environmental
policies in the future.
K e y not e A dd re ss
Tapping Japans expertise for quicker responses
Under the Tokyo Model, all cities in the Tokyo's 23-city are responsible for the management of
municipal waste they generate. All waste from households and businesses is collected for an
appropriate treatment in the 23-city, which have 21 incineration plants in total. They are located in
central parts of the mammoth city.
Reducing the amount of waste generation is as important as appropriate waste treatment. In over 20
years since 1988, Tokyo has reduced the amount of garbage it generates by about 40%.
Wide-ranging efforts have been made to reduce waste in the capital, including building new facilities,
Professor Ichiro Sakata, upgrading related technologies, staging campaigns targeting local residents and businesses,
Ph.D. developing necessary laws and taking measures focusing on new products like PET bottles.
Director, the TMI program of
Faculty of Engineering, Japan has established effective systems to deal with waste through many years of trials and errors.
Director, Policy Alternatives Yangon can learn from Japans experiences and introduce the new technologies and related systems
Research Institute, the developed in Japan so that the city can respond much more quickly to challenges.
University of Tokyo
P re s en t at i on 1
Compliance with garbage separation rules ensures long life of facilities
Until 1995, some portion of kitchen waste in Tokyo was buried as is. Since then, however, combustible
waste has been incinerated with only the remaining ashes buried at the final disposal sites.
Glass bottles, cans and used paper are recycled into products after intermediate treatment. The
recycling of these kinds of waste is done by specialized businesses, but residents are responsible for
sorting these before collection by local governments. A system for clear division of labor is in place.
Waste treatment and disposal facilities, no matter how sophisticated they may be, can deteriorate and
become unusable quickly if waste separation rules are not observed. That sharply increases repair and
replacement costs. Efficient waste management can only be possible when advanced facilities and
citizens compliance with the rules are combined.
I have heard that in a survey of Yangon citizens, 80% of the respondents expressed negative views
about the proposal to allow private-sector businesses to get involved in waste management under the
Mr. Hirotaka Yamazaki public-private partnership (PPP) approach. However, the PPP formula could be very effective for the
Manager, International operation and management of waste management facilities and the feed-in-tariff program.
Cooperation Office for Waste
Management, Clean Ideal waste management requires the government to impose certain restrictions on local residents and
Authority of Tokyo private companies involved and to guide related businesses with financial aid. The government has the
authority, the organization, manpower and funds necessary for waste management. It is crucial for the
government to develop related plans and rules from a comprehensive point of view.
P re s en t at i on 2
Lessons from Japans history of pollution
Japans first law concerning waste management, Feculence Cleansing Law, was enacted in 1900.
The law put the government in charge of waste management which until then had been handled
mainly by private players.
The Waste Management and Public Cleaning Law, which was promulgated in 1970, changed Japans
administrative approach to waste management. The law stated preservation of living environment as
its main purpose, shifting the focus of Japans waste management to environmental protection. It also
distinguished industrial waste from municipal waste and classified industrial waste into 20 items.
Japan is now transforming itself from a mass consumption society to a resource circulation society. It is
seeking to realize a system that imposes the responsibility for waste management also on businesses
so that the burden of disposing of waste can be shared by the entire society.
Such burden sharing requires not just laws and rules but also cooperation by all parties concerned. In
Ms. Keiko Aoyama Myanmar, it is also important to put industrial waste under the framework of the waste management
Section Chief, International system.
Cooperation Office for Waste
Management, Clean
Authority of Tokyo Tokyo has experienced all kinds of environmental problems
including air/water/odor pollution, massive outbreaks of noxious
insects and generation of harmful gases. The capital has also
experienced conflict among residents over plans to build
incineration plants. At present, however, residents living in
houses adjacent to incineration plants dont face any health
hazards from the facilities.
Until fly outbreak in landfill (Until 1965) End of War --> rapid economic growth
1935 1945 Second World War
1971 Declaration of Waste War by Governor of Tokyo (implementation of thorough measures to tackle waste
issues)
Indispensability of residents understanding and cooperation=uncontrollable nature of waste management alone
by governments
Safe and reliable incineration without pollution
2000 Transfer of municipal waste management duties from Tokyo Metropolitan Government to the 23-city (and
Clean Authority of TOKYO)