RTN 950 Maintenance Guide (V100R001C02 - 04) PDF

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
V100R001C02
Maintenance Guide
Issue 04
Date 2010-12-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
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Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Maintenance Guide About This Document
About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX RTN 950 V100R001C02
iManager U2000 V100R001C00
Intended Audience
This document describes the following contents:
l Items, periods, and procedures of routine maintenance, which help you complete the routine
maintenance tasks so that long-term stable operation of the equipment can be ensured.
l Troubleshooting flow and typical methods for troubleshooting, which help you rectify
equipment faults in time.
l Alarms and performance events of the equipment, which provide reference information for
equipment maintenance and repair in terms of the generation principle, classification, and
troubleshooting method.
This document is intended for:
l System maintenance engineer

l Network monitoring engineer
l On-site maintenance engineer
Before reading this document, you need to know microwave communication basics.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

About This Document Maintenance Guide
Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,

which if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level

of risk, which if not avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,

which if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a

problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize

or supplement important points of the main
text.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

This document is the forth release of the V100R001C02 version.
Compared with the third release, the updated contents are as follows:
Update Description
- Fixes known bugs.
iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Maintenance Guide About This Document

This document is the third release of the V100R001C02 version.
Compared with the second release, the updated contents are as follows:
Update Description
4.2.6 Restoring the NE Database from the Changed the operation steps.
CF Card
8.3.47 FAN_FAIL Changed the parameters of the alarms.

8.3.22 BUS_ERR
8.3.108 POWER_ABNORMAL
8.3.34 CPU_BUSY Added the CPU_BUSY alarm.

This document is the second release of the V100R001C02 version.
Compared with the first release, the updated contents are as follows:
Update Description
2 Routine maintenance Deleted the description of browsing running

status of a dynamic tunnel.
3 Troubleshooting Deleted the description of FRR

troubleshooting.

This document is the first release of the V100R001C02 version.
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

Maintenance Guide Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Warning and Safety Symbols..........................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment..................................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Safety Symbols.......................................................................................................................................1-3
1.2.2 Electrical Safety.....................................................................................................................................1-4
1.2.3 Battery....................................................................................................................................................1-7
1.2.4 Microwave..............................................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.5 Laser and Fibers.....................................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.6 High-Altitude Operations.....................................................................................................................1-10
1.2.7 Installing and Removing Boards..........................................................................................................1-10
1.2.8 Miscellaneous.......................................................................................................................................1-11
2 Routine maintenance.................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Routine Maintenance Items and Periods.........................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance in the NMS Center.........................................................2-3
2.2.1 Checking the Status of the NE and Boards............................................................................................2-4
2.2.2 Browsing Network-Wide Alarms...........................................................................................................2-5
2.2.3 Browsing Abnormal Events...................................................................................................................2-7
2.2.4 Browsing the Current Performance Events............................................................................................2-8
2.2.5 Browsing the Performance Events of the RMON Statistics Group.......................................................2-9
2.2.6 Checking the Optical Power.................................................................................................................2-11
2.2.7 Browsing the DCN Communication Status.........................................................................................2-13
2.2.8 Browsing the PW Working Status.......................................................................................................2-13
2.2.9 Backing Up the U2000 Data in a Scheduled Manner..........................................................................2-14
2.2.10 Browsing the History Performance Events........................................................................................2-15
2.2.11 Browsing the RMON History Performance Events...........................................................................2-16
2.2.12 Backing up the NE Database..............................................................................................................2-18
2.2.13 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching.............................................................................................................2-19
2.2.14 Maintenance Record Table.................................................................................................................2-20
2.3 Field Maintenance and Record Table for Outdoor Equipment.....................................................................2-21
2.3.1 Checking the ODU...............................................................................................................................2-22
2.3.2 Checking the Hybrid Coupler..............................................................................................................2-22
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Contents Maintenance Guide
2.3.3 Checking the Antenna..........................................................................................................................2-23

2.3.4 Checking IF Cables..............................................................................................................................2-23
2.3.5 Checking the LOS Condition...............................................................................................................2-24
2.3.6 Maintenance Record Table...................................................................................................................2-24
2.4 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance of the Spare Parts.........................................................2-25
2.4.1 Testing the Spare Parts.........................................................................................................................2-25
2.4.2 Maintenance Record Table...................................................................................................................2-27
3 Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 General Fault Handling Flow..........................................................................................................................3-3
3.2 Emergency Flow of Handling the Service Interruption Fault.........................................................................3-5
3.3 CES Service Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................................3-7
3.4 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................3-11
3.5 Clock Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................3-13
3.6 QoS Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................................3-15
3.7 Inband DCN Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................3-18
3.8 LAG Troubleshooting...................................................................................................................................3-22
3.9 ML-PPP Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................................3-24
3.10 IMA Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................3-27
3.11 MPLS APS Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................3-31
3.12 Troubleshooting Microwave Links.............................................................................................................3-33
3.13 Information Collection and Information Record.........................................................................................3-41
3.14 Fault Notification and Technical Support...................................................................................................3-41
4 Data Backup and Restoration..................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data....................................................................................................4-2
4.1.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data........................................................................4-2
4.1.2 Backing Up All Data in the U2000 Database........................................................................................4-5
4.1.3 Backing Up the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means of Scripts...........................................4-7
4.1.4 Restoring All Data of the U2000 Database............................................................................................4-8
4.1.5 Restoring the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means of Scripts............................................4-10
4.2 Backing Up and Restoring the NE Data........................................................................................................4-11
4.2.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring NE Data.................................................................................4-12
4.2.2 Backing Up the NE Database to the System Control Board................................................................4-14
4.2.3 Backing Up the NE Database to the CF Card......................................................................................4-14
4.2.4 Backing Up the NE Database to a Local Server..................................................................................4-15
4.2.5 Restoring the NE Database from the System Control Board...............................................................4-15
4.2.6 Restoring the NE Database from the CF Card.....................................................................................4-16
4.2.7 Recovering the NE Database from a Local Server...............................................................................4-16
5 Replacing Components.............................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Replacing the CXPR with the 1+1 Protection.................................................................................................5-3
5.2 Replacing the CXPR Without the 1+1 Protection...........................................................................................5-4
5.3 Replacing the Processing Boards....................................................................................................................5-5
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5.4 Replacing the IF Board...................................................................................................................................5-7

5.5 Replacing the FAN Board...............................................................................................................................5-8
5.6 Replacing the PIU Board.................................................................................................................................5-9
5.7 Replacing the AUXQ Board.........................................................................................................................5-10
5.8 Replacing the Chassis....................................................................................................................................5-11
5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module......................................................................................................5-13
5.10 Replacing the ODU.....................................................................................................................................5-14
5.10.1 Replacing the ODU with Waveguide Interface..................................................................................5-14
5.10.2 Replacing the ODU with Coaxial Interface.......................................................................................5-16
5.11 Replacing the IF Cable................................................................................................................................5-17
6 Remote Maintenance Guide....................................................................................................6-1

6.1 Introduce..........................................................................................................................................................6-2
6.2 Enabling a Remote Maintenance User............................................................................................................6-2
6.3 Establishing Remote Maintenance..................................................................................................................6-3
7 Task Set........................................................................................................................................7-1
7.1 Querying U2000 Operation Logs....................................................................................................................7-4
7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board..............................................................................................................7-4
7.3 Querying the Board Information Report.........................................................................................................7-5
7.4 Checking the Optical Power............................................................................................................................7-5
7.5 Performing the LSP Ping Test.........................................................................................................................7-7
7.6 Performing the LSP Traceroute Test ..............................................................................................................7-7
7.7 Checking Data Consistency Between an NE and the U2000..........................................................................7-8
7.8 Uploading the NE Configuration Data............................................................................................................7-9
7.9 Configuring Port Loopback...........................................................................................................................7-10
7.10 Performing the Linear MSP Protection Switching......................................................................................7-12
7.11 Performing the MPLS Tunnel Protection Switching..................................................................................7-13
7.12 Performing IF 1+1 Protection Switch.........................................................................................................7-14
7.13 Querying an IF 1+1 Protection Group.........................................................................................................7-15
7.14 Querying the Working State of AM............................................................................................................7-15
7.15 Querying the ODU Attribute.......................................................................................................................7-16
7.16 Setting the State of an ODU Transmitter....................................................................................................7-17
7.17 Resetting Boards.........................................................................................................................................7-17
7.18 Testing the Transmitted Optical Power of the Optical Interface.................................................................7-18
7.19 Testing the Receive Optical Power of the Optical Interface.......................................................................7-21
7.20 Replacing Boards on Site............................................................................................................................7-23
7.21 Powering On the Equipment.......................................................................................................................7-28
7.22 Powering Off the Equipment.......................................................................................................................7-28
7.23 Querying and Setting the Working Mode of Ethernet interface.................................................................7-29
7.24 Querying Protection Configuration.............................................................................................................7-30
7.25 Configuring Automatic Laser Shutdown....................................................................................................7-31
7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors...............................................................................7-32
7.26.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................7-32
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7.26.2 Protection of Optical Connectors.......................................................................................................7-34

7.26.3 Tools, Equipment and Materials........................................................................................................7-35
7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors...........................................................................................................7-36
7.26.5 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Cartridge Cleaners..........................................................7-39
7.26.6 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Lens Tissue.....................................................................7-42
7.26.7 Cleaning Optical Modules Using Optical Cleaning Sticks................................................................7-45
8 Alarm............................................................................................................................................8-1
8.1 Basic Concepts Related to Alarms..................................................................................................................8-2
8.1.1 Alarm Reporting Flow...........................................................................................................................8-2
8.1.2 Alarm Correlation..................................................................................................................................8-3
8.1.3 Alarm Category......................................................................................................................................8-6
8.1.4 Alarm Severity.......................................................................................................................................8-7
8.1.5 Alarm Notification.................................................................................................................................8-8
8.2 Alarm List.......................................................................................................................................................8-8
8.2.1 SL91CXPR Board Alarm List................................................................................................................8-9
8.2.2 TND1IFE2 Board Alarm List..............................................................................................................8-10
8.2.3 SL91IFU2 Board Alarm List................................................................................................................8-10
8.2.4 SL91IFX2 Board Alarm List................................................................................................................8-10
8.2.5 SL91EM6T/EM6F Board Alarm List..................................................................................................8-11
8.2.6 TND1EF8T Board Alarm List.............................................................................................................8-11
8.2.7 TND1EF8F Board Alarm List..............................................................................................................8-11
8.2.8 TND1EG2 Board Alarm List...............................................................................................................8-12
8.2.9 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Board Alarm List........................................................................................8-12
8.2.10 TND1CD1 Board Alarm List.............................................................................................................8-12
8.2.11 TND1AUXQ Board Alarm List.........................................................................................................8-13
8.2.12 ODU Alarm List.................................................................................................................................8-14
8.2.13 TND1PIU Board Alarm List..............................................................................................................8-14
8.2.14 TND1FAN Board Alarm List............................................................................................................8-14
8.3 Alarm Handling.............................................................................................................................................8-14
8.3.1 Alarm Handling General Flow.............................................................................................................8-19
8.3.2 ALM_ALS...........................................................................................................................................8-21
8.3.3 ALM_E1RAI........................................................................................................................................8-22
8.3.4 ALM_IMA_LIF...................................................................................................................................8-23
8.3.5 ALM_IMA_LODS...............................................................................................................................8-24
8.3.6 ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE.....................................................................................................8-25
8.3.7 ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE.....................................................................................................8-27
8.3.8 ALM_IMA_RFI...................................................................................................................................8-28
8.3.9 AM_DOWNSHIFT..............................................................................................................................8-29
8.3.10 AU_AIS..............................................................................................................................................8-31
8.3.11 AU_LOP.............................................................................................................................................8-33
8.3.12 B1_EXC.............................................................................................................................................8-34
8.3.13 B1_SD................................................................................................................................................8-36
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8.3.14 B2_EXC.............................................................................................................................................8-38
8.3.15 B2_SD................................................................................................................................................8-40
8.3.16 B3_EXC.............................................................................................................................................8-41
8.3.17 B3_SD................................................................................................................................................8-43
8.3.18 BD_NOT_INSTALLED....................................................................................................................8-45
8.3.19 BD_STATUS.....................................................................................................................................8-46
8.3.20 BIP_EXC............................................................................................................................................8-47
8.3.21 BIP_SD...............................................................................................................................................8-48
8.3.22 BUS_ERR..........................................................................................................................................8-49
8.3.23 CES_JTROVR_EXC.........................................................................................................................8-51
8.3.24 CES_JTRUDR_EXC.........................................................................................................................8-52
8.3.25 CES_LOSPKT_EXC.........................................................................................................................8-54
8.3.26 CES_MALPKT_EXC........................................................................................................................8-55
8.3.27 CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC............................................................................................................8-56
8.3.28 CES_STRAYPKT_EXC....................................................................................................................8-58
8.3.29 CFCARD_FAILED............................................................................................................................8-59
8.3.30 CFCARD_OFFLINE.........................................................................................................................8-60
8.3.31 CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE...............................................................................................................8-61
8.3.32 CONFIG_NOSUPPORT....................................................................................................................8-62
8.3.33 COMMUN_FAIL...............................................................................................................................8-64
8.3.34 CPU_BUSY.......................................................................................................................................8-66
8.3.35 DBMS_ERROR.................................................................................................................................8-67
8.3.36 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE...............................................................................................................8-68
8.3.37 DOWN_E1_AIS.................................................................................................................................8-69
8.3.38 ETH_APS_LOST...............................................................................................................................8-70
8.3.39 ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH.......................................................................................................8-72
8.3.40 ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL...............................................................................................................8-73
8.3.41 ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH.......................................................................................................8-74
8.3.42 ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN.............................................................................................................8-75
8.3.43 ETH_LINK_DOWN..........................................................................................................................8-76
8.3.44 ETH_LOS...........................................................................................................................................8-77
8.3.45 EXT_SYNC_LOS..............................................................................................................................8-78
8.3.46 EXT_TIME_LOC..............................................................................................................................8-80
8.3.47 FAN_FAIL.........................................................................................................................................8-81
8.3.48 FLOW_OVER....................................................................................................................................8-82
8.3.49 GSP_TNNL_DOWN.........................................................................................................................8-83
8.3.50 HARD_BAD......................................................................................................................................8-84
8.3.51 HP_LOM............................................................................................................................................8-88
8.3.52 HP_RDI..............................................................................................................................................8-89
8.3.53 HP_SLM.............................................................................................................................................8-90
8.3.54 HP_TIM.............................................................................................................................................8-92
8.3.55 HP_UNEQ..........................................................................................................................................8-93
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8.3.56 IF_CABLE_OPEN.............................................................................................................................8-95
8.3.57 IF_INPWR_ABN...............................................................................................................................8-97
8.3.58 IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN...............................................................................................................8-98
8.3.59 IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN...............................................................................................................8-99
8.3.60 IMAE1_DELAY..............................................................................................................................8-100
8.3.61 IN_PWR_ABN.................................................................................................................................8-101
8.3.62 J0_MM.............................................................................................................................................8-103
8.3.63 LAG_DOWN...................................................................................................................................8-104
8.3.64 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN................................................................................................................8-105
8.3.65 LASER_MOD_ERR........................................................................................................................8-107
8.3.66 LASER_SHUT.................................................................................................................................8-107
8.3.67 LFA..................................................................................................................................................8-109
8.3.68 LMFA...............................................................................................................................................8-110
8.3.69 LOOP_ALM.....................................................................................................................................8-111
8.3.70 LP_RDI_VC12.................................................................................................................................8-113
8.3.71 LP_RFI.............................................................................................................................................8-114
8.3.72 LP_SLM_VC12...............................................................................................................................8-115
8.3.73 LP_TIM_VC12................................................................................................................................8-116
8.3.74 LP_UNEQ_VC12.............................................................................................................................8-117
8.3.75 LSR_BCM_ALM.............................................................................................................................8-118
8.3.76 LSR_NO_FITED.............................................................................................................................8-119
8.3.77 LSR_WILL_DIE..............................................................................................................................8-120
8.3.78 LTI....................................................................................................................................................8-121
8.3.79 MAC_FCS_EXC..............................................................................................................................8-123
8.3.80 MP_DELAY.....................................................................................................................................8-124
8.3.81 MP_DOWN......................................................................................................................................8-125
8.3.82 MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI.....................................................................................................................8-127
8.3.83 MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess................................................................................................................8-128
8.3.84 MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI.....................................................................................................................8-129
8.3.85 MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV.................................................................................................................8-130
8.3.86 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH......................................................................................................8-133
8.3.87 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE......................................................................................................8-134
8.3.88 MPLS_TUNNEL_SD......................................................................................................................8-135
8.3.89 MPLS_TUNNEL_SF.......................................................................................................................8-136
8.3.90 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN......................................................................................................8-137
8.3.91 MS_AIS............................................................................................................................................8-138
8.3.92 MS_RDI...........................................................................................................................................8-140
8.3.93 MSSW_DIFFERENT.......................................................................................................................8-141
8.3.94 MW_BER_EXC...............................................................................................................................8-143
8.3.95 MW_BER_SD..................................................................................................................................8-144
8.3.96 MW_FEC_UNCOR.........................................................................................................................8-145
8.3.97 MW_LIM.........................................................................................................................................8-146
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8.3.98 MW_LOF.........................................................................................................................................8-148
8.3.99 MW_RDI..........................................................................................................................................8-149
8.3.100 NESF_LOST..................................................................................................................................8-150
8.3.101 NESTATE_INSTALL...................................................................................................................8-151
8.3.102 OUT_PWR_ABN...........................................................................................................................8-152
8.3.103 PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT.............................................................................................................8-153
8.3.104 PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT.......................................................................................................8-154
8.3.105 PATCH_ERR.................................................................................................................................8-154
8.3.106 PATCH_PKGERR.........................................................................................................................8-155
8.3.107 PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST.............................................................................................................8-156
8.3.108 POWER_ABNORMAL.................................................................................................................8-157
8.3.109 POWER_ALM...............................................................................................................................8-160
8.3.110 PPP_LCP_FAIL.............................................................................................................................8-161
8.3.111 PPP_NCP_FAIL.............................................................................................................................8-162
8.3.112 PW_DOWN...................................................................................................................................8-163
8.3.113 R_LOC...........................................................................................................................................8-164
8.3.114 R_LOF............................................................................................................................................8-166
8.3.115 R_LOS............................................................................................................................................8-168
8.3.116 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF........................................................................................8-170
8.3.117 RADIO_MUTE..............................................................................................................................8-171
8.3.118 RADIO_RSL_HIGH......................................................................................................................8-172
8.3.119 RADIO_RSL_LOW.......................................................................................................................8-173
8.3.120 RADIO_TSL_HIGH......................................................................................................................8-176
8.3.121 RADIO_TSL_LOW.......................................................................................................................8-176
8.3.122 RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL......................................................................................................8-177
8.3.123 RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR...........................................................................................................8-178
8.3.124 RELAY_ALARM_MINOR...........................................................................................................8-179
8.3.125 RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE.........................................................................................................8-180
8.3.126 RPS_INDI......................................................................................................................................8-181
8.3.127 S1_SYN_CHANGE.......................................................................................................................8-183
8.3.128 SECU_ALM...................................................................................................................................8-185
8.3.129 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT................................................................................................8-186
8.3.130 SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH........................................................................................................8-187
8.3.131 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL...............................................................................................................8-187
8.3.132 SWDL_INPROCESS.....................................................................................................................8-188
8.3.133 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK................................................................................................................8-189
8.3.134 SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT...........................................................................................................8-190
8.3.135 SWDL_PKGVER_MM.................................................................................................................8-191
8.3.136 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL..........................................................................................................8-192
8.3.137 SYN_BAD.....................................................................................................................................8-193
8.3.138 SYNC_C_LOS...............................................................................................................................8-194
8.3.139 SYNC_DISABLE..........................................................................................................................8-195
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8.3.140 SYNC_F_M_SWITCH..................................................................................................................8-196
8.3.141 SYNC_FAIL..................................................................................................................................8-197
8.3.142 SYNC_LOCKOFF.........................................................................................................................8-198
8.3.143 SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL...............................................................................................................8-199
8.3.144 T_ALOS.........................................................................................................................................8-200
8.3.145 TEM_HA........................................................................................................................................8-202
8.3.146 TEM_LA........................................................................................................................................8-203
8.3.147 TEMP_ALARM.............................................................................................................................8-203
8.3.148 TEMP_OVER................................................................................................................................8-205
8.3.149 THUNDERALM............................................................................................................................8-206
8.3.150 TR_LOC.........................................................................................................................................8-207
8.3.151 TU_AIS_VC12...............................................................................................................................8-208
8.3.152 TU_LOP_VC12.............................................................................................................................8-210
8.3.153 UP_E1_AIS....................................................................................................................................8-211
8.3.154 V5_VCAIS.....................................................................................................................................8-212
8.3.155 VC_AIS..........................................................................................................................................8-213
8.3.156 VC_LOC........................................................................................................................................8-215
8.3.157 VC_RDI.........................................................................................................................................8-217
8.3.158 VOLT_LOS....................................................................................................................................8-218
8.3.159 VP_AIS..........................................................................................................................................8-220
8.3.160 VP_LOC.........................................................................................................................................8-223
8.3.161 VP_RDI..........................................................................................................................................8-224
8.3.162 W_OFFLINE..................................................................................................................................8-226
8.3.163 WRG_BD_TYPE...........................................................................................................................8-227
8.3.164 XPIC_LOS.....................................................................................................................................8-228
9 Performance Event.....................................................................................................................9-1
9.1 Basic Concepts Related to Performance Events..............................................................................................9-2
9.1.1 Performance Reporting Flow.................................................................................................................9-2
9.1.2 Performance Event Category.................................................................................................................9-4
9.1.3 Performance Threshold..........................................................................................................................9-5
9.2 Performance Event List...................................................................................................................................9-5
9.2.1 SL91CXPR Performance Event List......................................................................................................9-6
9.2.2 TND1IFE2 Performance Event List.......................................................................................................9-7
9.2.3 SL91IFU2 Performance Event List........................................................................................................9-8
9.2.4 SL91IFX2 Performance Event List........................................................................................................9-9
9.2.5 SL91EM6T Performance Event List....................................................................................................9-11
9.2.6 SL91EM6F Performance Event List....................................................................................................9-12
9.2.7 TND1EF8T Performance Event List....................................................................................................9-14
9.2.8 TND1EF8F Performance Event List....................................................................................................9-15
9.2.9 TND1EG2 Performance Event List..................................................................................................... 9-16
9.2.10 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Performance Event List............................................................................ 9-17
9.2.11 TND1CD1 Performance Event List...................................................................................................9-20
xiv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

9.2.12 TND1AUXQ Performance Event List...............................................................................................9-25

9.2.13 ODU Performance Event List............................................................................................................9-25
9.2.14 TND1PIU Performance Event List....................................................................................................9-26
9.2.15 TND1FAN Performance Event List...................................................................................................9-26
9.3 Performance Event Handling........................................................................................................................9-26
9.3.1 ATM_CELL_AVAILABILITY...........................................................................................................9-29
9.3.2 ATMPW_LOSPKTS............................................................................................................................9-29
9.3.3 ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS...............................................................................................................9-30
9.3.4 AUPJCHIGH........................................................................................................................................9-31
9.3.5 AUPJCLOW.........................................................................................................................................9-32
9.3.6 AUPJCNEW.........................................................................................................................................9-34
9.3.7 CES_JTROVR.....................................................................................................................................9-35
9.3.8 CES_JTRUDR.....................................................................................................................................9-36
9.3.9 E1_LCV_SDH.....................................................................................................................................9-37
9.3.10 E1_LES_SDH....................................................................................................................................9-38
9.3.11 E1_LSES_SDH..................................................................................................................................9-39
9.3.12 HPBBE...............................................................................................................................................9-40
9.3.13 HPCSES.............................................................................................................................................9-41
9.3.14 HPES..................................................................................................................................................9-43
9.3.15 HPFEBBE..........................................................................................................................................9-44
9.3.16 HPFECSES.........................................................................................................................................9-45
9.3.17 HPFEES.............................................................................................................................................9-47
9.3.18 HPFESES...........................................................................................................................................9-48
9.3.19 HPFEUAS..........................................................................................................................................9-49
9.3.20 HPSES................................................................................................................................................9-50
9.3.21 HPUAS...............................................................................................................................................9-52
9.3.22 LPBBE...............................................................................................................................................9-53
9.3.23 LPCSES..............................................................................................................................................9-54
9.3.24 LPES...................................................................................................................................................9-56
9.3.25 LPFEBBE...........................................................................................................................................9-57
9.3.26 LPFECSES.........................................................................................................................................9-58
9.3.27 LPFEES..............................................................................................................................................9-60
9.3.28 LPFESES............................................................................................................................................9-61
9.3.29 LPFEUAS...........................................................................................................................................9-62
9.3.30 LPSES................................................................................................................................................9-64
9.3.31 LPUAS...............................................................................................................................................9-65
9.3.32 MEMUSAGECUR.............................................................................................................................9-66
9.3.33 MEMUSAGEMAX............................................................................................................................9-67
9.3.34 MEMUSAGEMIN.............................................................................................................................9-68
9.3.35 MSBBE..............................................................................................................................................9-68
9.3.36 MSCSES.............................................................................................................................................9-70
9.3.37 MSES.................................................................................................................................................9-71
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xv

9.3.38 MSFEBBE..........................................................................................................................................9-73
9.3.39 MSFECSES........................................................................................................................................9-74
9.3.40 MSFEES.............................................................................................................................................9-75
9.3.41 MSFESES...........................................................................................................................................9-76
9.3.42 MSFEUAS......................................................................................................................................... 9-78
9.3.43 MSSES...............................................................................................................................................9-79
9.3.44 MSUAS..............................................................................................................................................9-80
9.3.45 OSPITMPCUR...................................................................................................................................9-81
9.3.46 OSPITMPMAX..................................................................................................................................9-82
9.3.47 OSPITMPMIN...................................................................................................................................9-83
9.3.48 RPLCUR............................................................................................................................................ 9-84
9.3.49 RPLMAX...........................................................................................................................................9-85
9.3.50 RPLMIN.............................................................................................................................................9-86
9.3.51 RSBBE...............................................................................................................................................9-87
9.3.52 RSCSES............................................................................................................................................. 9-88
9.3.53 RSES.................................................................................................................................................. 9-90
9.3.54 RSOFS................................................................................................................................................9-91
9.3.55 RSSES................................................................................................................................................9-92
9.3.56 RSUAS...............................................................................................................................................9-93
9.3.57 TLBCUR............................................................................................................................................9-95
9.3.58 TLBMAX...........................................................................................................................................9-96
9.3.59 TLBMIN.............................................................................................................................................9-96
9.3.60 TPLCUR.............................................................................................................................................9-97
9.3.61 TPLMAX........................................................................................................................................... 9-98
9.3.62 TPLMIN.............................................................................................................................................9-99
9.3.63 TUPJCHIGH....................................................................................................................................9-100
9.3.64 TUPJCLOW.....................................................................................................................................9-101
9.3.65 ACMDOWNCNT and ACMUPCNT..............................................................................................9-102
9.3.66 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR.....................................................................9-103
9.3.67 FEC_BEF_COR_ER, and FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT..............................................................9-103
9.3.68 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS..........................................................................9-104
9.3.69 QPSKWS, QAMWS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64, QAMWS128, and QAMWS256....................9-105
9.3.70 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, TLLTT..................................................................................................9-106
9.3.71 RSLMAX, RSLMIN and RSLCUR.................................................................................................9-106
9.3.72 TSLMAX, TSLMIN, and TSLCUR................................................................................................9-107
A Glossary.....................................................................................................................................A-1
A.1 0-9..................................................................................................................................................................A-2
A.2 A-E................................................................................................................................................................A-2
A.3 F-J................................................................................................................................................................A-11
A.4 K-O..............................................................................................................................................................A-16
A.5 P-T...............................................................................................................................................................A-22
xvi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

A.6 U-Z..............................................................................................................................................................A-30
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xvii

Maintenance Guide Figures
Figures
Figure 3-1 General flow diagram for handling faults...........................................................................................3-3

Figure 3-2 Flow diagram for handling service interruption.................................................................................3-6
Figure 3-3 Flowchart for troubleshooting CES service faults..............................................................................3-9
Figure 3-4 Flowchart for troubleshooting Ethernet service faults......................................................................3-12
Figure 3-5 Flowchart for troubleshooting the QoS faults.................................................................................. 3-17
Figure 3-6 Flowchart for troubleshooting the inband DCN faults.....................................................................3-19
Figure 3-7 Troubleshooting Flowchart...............................................................................................................3-23
Figure 3-8 Flowchart for troubleshooting the ML-PPP faults........................................................................... 3-26
Figure 3-9 Flowchart for troubleshooting the IMA faults..................................................................................3-29
Figure 3-10 Flowchart for troubleshooting the MPLS APS faults.....................................................................3-32
Figure 3-11 Flow of handling microwave link faults.........................................................................................3-37
Figure 5-1 Inserting and removing the optical module......................................................................................5-14
Figure 6-1 Connection for remote maintenance...................................................................................................6-2
Figure 7-1 Connections for the test of the mean transmitted optical power at the optical interface..................7-19
Figure 7-2 Connections for the test of the receive optical power at the optical interface..................................7-22
Figure 7-3 Loosening screws with a screwdriver...............................................................................................7-24
Figure 7-4 Removing the board (1)....................................................................................................................7-25
Figure 7-5 Removing the board (2)....................................................................................................................7-25
Figure 7-6 Inserting the board (1)...................................................................................................................... 7-26
Figure 7-7 Inserting the board (2)...................................................................................................................... 7-27
Figure 7-8 Tightening screws with a screwdriver..............................................................................................7-27
Figure 7-9 Optical fiber connector.....................................................................................................................7-33
Figure 7-10 Protective caps recommended........................................................................................................ 7-34
Figure 7-11 Protective caps not recommended..................................................................................................7-34
Figure 7-12 CLETOP cassette cleaner...............................................................................................................7-35
Figure 7-13 Cleaning stick for the SC and FC optical interface (just for reference)......................................... 7-36
Figure 7-14 Cleaning stick for the LC optical interface ....................................................................................7-36
Figure 7-15 An intact fiber.................................................................................................................................7-37
Figure 7-16 Damaged or suspect fibers..............................................................................................................7-38
Figure 7-17 An intact fiber.................................................................................................................................7-38
Figure 7-18 Acceptable fibers with imperfections.............................................................................................7-39
Figure 7-19 Unacceptable fibers with imperfections......................................................................................... 7-39
Figure 7-20 Using the CLETOP cassette cleaner...............................................................................................7-41
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xix

Figures Maintenance Guide
Figure 7-21 Dragging the fiber tip lightly on one cleaning area........................................................................7-41
Figure 7-22 Dragging the fiber tip lightly on the other cleaning area................................................................7-42
Figure 7-23 Cleaning the fiber tip with the lens tissue on the desk...................................................................7-44
Figure 7-24 Cleaning the fiber tip with the lens tissue on the hand...................................................................7-44
Figure 8-1 Alarm reporting flow diagram............................................................................................................8-3
Figure 8-2 Alarm correlation rules of the Ethernet services carried at the Ethernet port....................................8-5
Figure 8-3 Illustration of the alarm correlation analysis......................................................................................8-6
Figure 8-4 Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination.........................................................8-91
Figure 8-5 Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination.........................................................8-95
Figure 9-1 Performance reporting flow................................................................................................................9-3
xx Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Maintenance Guide Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols................................................................................................................1-2

Table 1-2 Levels and meanings of the safety symbols.........................................................................................1-4
Table 2-1 Maintenance items and periods............................................................................................................2-2
Table 2-2 Maintenance Record Table.................................................................................................................2-20
Table 3-1 Troubleshooting for different services and functions..........................................................................3-4
Table 3-2 Alarm description.................................................................................................................................3-7
Table 3-3 List of common symptoms of CES service faults................................................................................3-8
Table 3-4 List of common symptoms of Ethernet service faults........................................................................3-11
Table 3-5 List of common symptoms of clock faults.........................................................................................3-14
Table 3-6 List of common symptoms of the QoS faults.....................................................................................3-16
Table 3-7 List of common symptoms of the LAG faults................................................................................... 3-22
Table 3-8 List of common symptoms of the ML-PPP faults..............................................................................3-25
Table 3-9 List of common symptoms of the IMA faults....................................................................................3-28
Table 3-10 List of common symptoms of the MPLS APS faults.......................................................................3-31
Table 3-11 Causes of microwave link faults......................................................................................................3-35
Table 3-12 Flow description...............................................................................................................................3-38
Table 4-1 Script files supported by the U2000.....................................................................................................4-3
Table 4-2 Features and application scenarios of the two methods of maintaining data.......................................4-5
Table 4-3 Methods of backing up and restoring NE data and their application scenarios.................................4-12
Table 7-1 Descriptions of configuration parameters concerning automatic laser shutdown..............................7-31
Table 7-2 General procedure of inspecting and cleaning the optical fiber connectors...................................... 7-33
Table 8-1 Alarm severity......................................................................................................................................8-7
Table 8-2 Alarms that can cause the AU_AIS alarm occur on the downstream NE..........................................8-32
Table 8-3 Alarms that can suppress the AU_AIS alarm.................................................................................... 8-32
Table 8-4 Alarms that are suppressed by the AU_AIS alarm............................................................................ 8-33
Table 8-5 Alarms that can suppress the AU_LOP alarm................................................................................... 8-34
Table 8-6 Alarms that are suppressed by the AU_LOP alarm...........................................................................8-34
Table 8-7 Mapping relation between the service type and C2 byte................................................................... 8-91
Table 8-8 Mapping relation between the service type and C2 byte................................................................... 8-95
Table 8-9 Mapping relation between the service type and V5 byte.................................................................8-116
Table 8-10 Mapping relation between the service type and V5 byte...............................................................8-118
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xxi

Tables Maintenance Guide
Table 9-1 SDH performance event list.................................................................................................................9-6

Table 9-2 RMON performance events.................................................................................................................9-6
Table 9-3 SDH Performance Events List.............................................................................................................9-7
Table 9-4 Microwave Performance Events List...................................................................................................9-7
Table 9-6 Microwave Performance Events List...................................................................................................9-8
Table 9-8 Microwave Performance Events List.................................................................................................9-10
Table 9-9 SDH Performance Events List...........................................................................................................9-11
Table 9-10 RMON performance events.............................................................................................................9-11
Table 9-11 SDH performance event list.............................................................................................................9-12
Table 9-25 SDH Performance Events List.........................................................................................................9-25
Table 9-26 Microwave Performance Events List...............................................................................................9-25
xxii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Maintenance Guide 1 Safety Precautions
1 Safety Precautions
About This Chapter
This section describes the safety precautions that should be taken during operating and
maintaining the equipment or using U2000 NMS (Network Management System). The safety
precautions cover the safety rules related to the human beings and equipment. Adhere to these
safety rules to avoid injury to the human body and damage to the equipment.
1.1 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, carefully note the warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
Perform operations on the equipment according to the indications of these symbols. This section
describes the warning and safety symbols on the equipment and the indications of these symbols.
1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment
Before using the equipment, read the safety precautions carefully. During the operation of the
equipment, follow the safety precautions to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

1 Safety Precautions Maintenance Guide
1.1 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, carefully note the warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
Perform operations on the equipment according to the indications of these symbols. This section
describes the warning and safety symbols on the equipment and the indications of these symbols.
Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols on the equipment, and the indications of these
symbols.
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols

Symbol Indication
This symbol is for anti-static protection.

A notice with this symbol indicates that you
should wear an anti-static wrist strip or
gloves when you touch a board. Otherwise,
damage might be caused to the board.
This symbol is for laser class.

CLASS 1
LASER A notice with this symbol indicates the class
PRODUCT of the laser. Avoid direct exposure to the
laser beams launched from the optical
interface. Otherwise, damage might be
caused to the eye or skin.
This symbol is for chassis grounding.

A notice with this symbol indicates where
the equipment is grounded.
This symbol is a fan safety warning.

A notice with this symbol indicates that the
fan leaves should not be touched when the
fan is rotating.
This symbol is for multi-channel power

! supply.
A notice with this symbol indicates that the
multiple channels of power supply are
available.
1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment

Before using the equipment, read the safety precautions carefully. During the operation of the
equipment, follow the safety precautions to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

CAUTION
l Before performing any operation on the equipment, read the operation instructions and
precautions carefully; during the operation, follow the equipment-specific precautions and
operation instructions provided by Huawei strictly to minimize the occurrence of accidents.
l When performing any operation on the equipment, follow the safety regulations of the local
areas. The safety precautions described in the manual are only supplements to the local safety
regulations.
l The texts introduced by the word "Caution", "Warning", or "Danger" in each manual do not
cover all the safety precautions that must be followed. They are only supplements to the
safety precautions for operations.
l The engineers that are responsible for installing and maintaining Huawei equipment must be
equipped with the general knowledge of safety operation. Therefore, they must have
completed relevant training to familiarize themselves with the proper operation methods and
safety precautions. In addition, they must possess relevant working certificates.
1.2.1 Safety Symbols

Safety symbols indicate the safety instructions that must be followed during the installation or
maintenance.
1.2.2 Electrical Safety
When installing or maintaining Huawei network equipment, follow relevant electrical safety
precautions to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1.2.3 Battery
When installing or maintaining the battery, follow relevant safety precautions for the battery to
ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1.2.4 Microwave
When installing or maintaining microwave equipment, follow relevant safety precautions for
the microwave equipment to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1.2.5 Laser and Fibers
Clean the fiber connector correctly. To avoid injury caused by the laser beam to the human body,
replace and connect fibers safely.
1.2.6 High-Altitude Operations
When doing High-Altitude Operations, follow relevant safety precautions for High-Altitude
Operations to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1.2.7 Installing and Removing Boards
Removing the in-service board may result in service interruption. Thus, remove or insert a board
during off-peak hours.
1.2.8 Miscellaneous
When installing or maintaining Huawei network equipment, you also need to follow the safety
precautions for lifting heavy objects, operating sharp-cornered objects and binding signal cables
to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
1.2.1 Safety Symbols

Safety symbols indicate the safety instructions that must be followed during the installation or
maintenance.

Table 1-2 lists the levels and meanings of the safety symbols.
Table 1-2 Levels and meanings of the safety symbols

Levels of the safety Meaning
symbols
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,

could result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk that, if

not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury to the
human body.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,

could cause equipment damage, data loss, performance
degradation, or other unexpected results.
1.2.2 Electrical Safety

When installing or maintaining Huawei network equipment, follow relevant electrical safety
precautions to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
High Voltage
DANGER
The high voltage power supply supplies power to the device so that it can operate. Direct or
indirect contact (through damp objects) with high voltage and AC mains supply may result in a
fatal accident.
l When installing the AC power supply facility, comply with the local safety regulations.
The personnel who install the AC facility must be qualified for performing high voltage
and AC operations.
l Do not wear articles that conduct electricity, such as watches, chains, bracelets and rings
when performing high voltage operations.
l Switch off the power supply immediately, if you find water in the rack or if the rack is
damp.
l Make sure that the device is kept away from water when being operated in a damp
environment.

WARNING
Non-standard and improper high voltage operations can result in fire and electric shock.
Therefore, you must abide by the local rules and regulations when bridging and wiring AC cables
through a certain area. The personnel who perform high voltage operations must be qualified
for performing high voltage and AC operations.
Power Cable
WARNING
Do not install or remove a live line. Transient contact between the core of the power cable and
the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which can cause fire or injury to the eye.
l Before bringing the power cable into the power distribution frame (PDF), bind the bare
parts of the power cable with insulating tapes.
l Before installing or removing the power cable, turn off the power switch.
l Before connecting the power cable, make sure that the power cable and label conform to
the requirements of the actual installation.
Short Circuit
The short circuit makes the components fail to work normally and even causes damage to the
entire equipment. During the component replacement, avoid the short circuit that may occur
when you do not operate the tools or boards properly.
Use tools such as a screwdriver according to the regulations. Do not place any tools on the
honeycomb plate of the equipment.
CAUTION
Prevent any screws from falling into the equipment and causing short circuit.
Tools
WARNING
Use special tools when performing high voltage and AC operations.

Drilling Holes
WARNING
Do not drill on the rack without permission. Drilling on the racks does not conform to the related
requirements and may damage the wires and cables inside the rack. If the metal shavings from
the drilling enter the rack, it may result in short-circuit of the circuit boards. It may also damage
the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance of the cabinet.
l Before drilling a hole on the rack, wear insulation gloves, and then remove the cables inside
the rack away.
l During the drilling, ensure that your eyes are completely protected. The hot metal shavings
may cause injury to your eyes.
l Ensure that the metal shavings do not enter the rack.
l Non-standard drilling may damage the electromagnetic shielding performance of the rack.
l After drilling, clean the metal shavings.
Thunderstorm
DANGER
High voltage and AC operations, or operations on a steel tower and a mast when there is a
thunderstorm are prohibited.
When there is a thunderstorm, the electromagnetic field generated in the thunderstorm area may
cause damage to electronic components. To prevent the device from being damaged by lightning,
use proper grounding.
Electrostatic Discharge
The electronic components on the board can be damaged by the electrostatic discharge. Thus,
when replacing the board, make sure that the equipment is properly grounded and take proper
measures to protect the components against electrostatic discharge. For example, wear the ESD
wrist strap during the operation.
CAUTION
The static electricity generated by the human body can damage the electrostatic sensitive
components on the circuit board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LIC).
Take the following measures to protect the components against electrostatic discharge:
l Make sure that the equipment is properly grounded according to the equipment grounding
requirement.

l Before touching the equipment, board or integrated circuit (IC) chip, you must wear the
ESD wrist strap to prevent the electrostatic discharge on the human body from damaging
the static-sensitive components, and ensure that the other end of the strap is properly
grounded. shows how to wear the ESD wrist strap.
CAUTION
Make sure that the metallic portion of the ESD wrist strap is in contact with the skin and
the other end of the ESD wrist strap is properly connected to the anti-static jack.
NOTE
If the ESD wrist strap is unavailable, wear antistatic gloves.

l When correctly wearing an ESD wrist strap, make sure that the resistance value of the ESD
wrist strap range from 0.75 Mohms to 10 Mohms. The validity period of the ESD wrist
strap is two years. When the resistance of the ESD wrist strap fails to meet the requirement,
you need replace the ESD wrist strap.
l Avoid touching the boards with clothing because this may generate static electricity that
cannot be defended by the ESD wrist strap.
l Use the antistatic pad when replacing the board. Wear the ESD wrist strap properly and
use antistatic tweezers or extraction tools to take, remove, or insert chips. Do not touch
chips, circuits, or pins with bare hands.
l Keep boards and other static-sensitive parts that are not installed in antistatic bags. Place
some desiccant inside the bag to keep the board dry.
l Place the boards or parts that are temporarily removed on the antistatic pad or other antistatic
materials. Do not use non-antistatic materials such as white foams, common plastic bags,
or paper bags to pack boards. Keep these materials away from boards.
l Wear an ESD wrist strap when operating the ports of boards because they are also static-
sensitive. Discharge the static electricity of cables and protective sleeves before connecting
them to the ports.
l Reserve some board package materials, such as vacuum forming box and antistatic bags in
the equipment room for future use.
1.2.3 Battery
When installing or maintaining the battery, follow relevant safety precautions for the battery to
ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
DANGER
Before handling the battery, read the safety precautions and the procedure for connecting the
batteries.
Electrolyte overflow can cause potential damage to the device. It can lead to the corrosion of
metal parts and circuit boards, and damage the device and cause short-circuit of the circuit boards.

General Operations
Before installing and maintaining the battery, pay attention to the following:
l Do not wear metallic articles, such as a watch, hand chain, bracelet and ring.
l Use special insulation tools.
l Use eye protection devices.
l Wear rubber gloves. Wear an apron in case of electrolyte overflow.
l Always keep the electrode upright when handling the battery. Do not place the battery
upside down or tilt it.
Short Circuit
CAUTION
Short-circuit in a battery may cause injury. Though the voltage of a battery is low, high transient
current generated by a short-circuit releases a large amount of power.
Keep metal objects that can cause battery short-circuit away from the batteries. If metal objects
have to be used, first disconnect the batteries in use and then perform any operations.
Harmful Gas
CAUTION
Do not use unsealed lead-acid battery, because the gas emitted from the battery may result in
inflammation or device corrosion. Place the battery horizontally and then fix it properly.
The battery in use may emit flammable gas. Therefore, store the battery in a place with good
ventilation, and take precautions against fire.
High Temperature
CAUTION
High temperature may result in distortion, damage and electrolyte overflow in the battery.
When the temperature of the battery exceeds 60C, check whether there is acid overflow. If yes,
clean the acid immediately.

Acid Liquid
CAUTION
In the case of acid overflow, absorb and neutralize the liquid immediately.
When moving or replacing a leaky battery, observe the damage caused by the acid. When acid
spill is found, use the following materials to absorb and neutralize it.
l Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda): NaHCO3

l Sodium carbonate (pure alkali): Na2CO3
When using antacids, strictly follow the guide provided by the battery supplier.
1.2.4 Microwave
When installing or maintaining microwave equipment, follow relevant safety precautions for
the microwave equipment to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
WARNING
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.
When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple
aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.
1.2.5 Laser and Fibers

Clean the fiber connector correctly. To avoid injury caused by the laser beam to the human body,
replace and connect fibers safely.
Laser
DANGER
The laser beam launched by the optical interface board or by a fiber can cause damage to your
eyes! Do not stare into the fiber connector without wearing protective glasses during the
installation or maintenance of the fiber.
Cleaning Fiber Connectors

Clean fiber connectors with special cleaning tools and materials. The common tools and
materials used for cleaning fiber connectors are as follows:

l Special cleaning solvent (Isoamylol is preferred, propyl alcohol is the next, alcohol and
formalin is forbidden.)
l Non-woven lens tissue
l Special compressed gas
l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)
l Special cleaning roll, used with cleaning solvent listed in the first item
l Special magnifier for optical connectors
For cleaning steps, refer to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
Replacing Fibers
When replacing a fiber, cap the fiber connector of the unused fiber with the protective cap.
Connecting Fibers
Take the following precautions when connecting fibers.
l If the optical power is excessively high, an optical attenuator should be used to protect the
optical interfaces from being damaged.
l When the fiber connector does not match the optical interface, use an adapter to connect
the connector to the optical interface. In addition, ensure that the optical power meets the
specification requirement of the optical interface after the adapter is used because the use
of an adapter introduces certain attenuation.
1.2.6 High-Altitude Operations

When doing High-Altitude Operations, follow relevant safety precautions for High-Altitude
Operations to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
WARNING
When working at a height, prevent objects from falling down.
When working at a height, comply with the following requirements:
l Only trained personnel can work at a height.

l The operating machines and tools should be carried and handled safely to prevent them
from falling.
l Safety measures should be taken such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt.
l In cold areas, wear warm clothes before performing any high-altitude operation.
l Appliances used for lifting objects must be checked and ensured to be intact before
performing any high-altitude operation.
1.2.7 Installing and Removing Boards

Removing the in-service board may result in service interruption. Thus, remove or insert a board
during off-peak hours.

DANGER
Do not remove the power cable and the PIU board when the power is on.
For details on how to replace the PIU, see "5.6 Replacing the PIU Board".
CAUTION
l Before installing or removing a board, wear an ESD glove or ESD wrist strap.
l When holding a board, never touch the circuits, components, cable connectors, and cabling
trough on the board.
l Before inserting a board, make sure that the protective tube on the backplane has been taken
off.
l Before inserting a board, make sure that no fiber or cable is connected to the board.
l Insert a board gently to prevent bending of the pins on the backplane.
l Insert a board along the slide rail of each slot to prevent the components on the board from
touching each other and causing short circuit.
l The interval for removing and inserting a board should be longer than 10 seconds.
After a board is inserted into the equipment, it takes several minutes for the board to enter the
normal running state after the startup.
1.2.8 Miscellaneous
When installing or maintaining Huawei network equipment, you also need to follow the safety
precautions for lifting heavy objects, operating sharp-cornered objects and binding signal cables
to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment.
Lifting Heavy Objects
WARNING
Do not stand or walk under heavy objects when they are being lifted.
Operating Sharp-Cornered Objects
WARNING
When carrying the device, wear protection gloves to prevent injuries that can be caused by sharp
objects.

Binding Signal Cables
CAUTION
Bundle the signal cables separately from the strong current cables or high voltage cables. The
space between two adjacent ties must be at least 30 mm.

Maintenance Guide 2 Routine maintenance
2 Routine maintenance
About This Chapter
Routine maintenance includes the remote maintenance (on the U2000) and spare parts
maintenance. Check the current state of the equipment to determine the working condition of
the equipment in time and to prevent any problem from occurring; Check the spare parts to
ensure that the spare parts can replace faulty components that operate in the network when a
board is faulty.
2.1 Routine Maintenance Items and Periods

To ensure the stable and long-term running of the equipment, the equipment should be
periodically maintained. This section describes the routine maintenance items and maintenance
periods of the equipment according to different maintenance scenarios.
2.2 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance in the NMS Center
To ensure the normal running of the equipment, check the running status of the equipment, back
up the data periodically by using the U2000 and record the maintenance results at the network
management center.
2.3 Field Maintenance and Record Table for Outdoor Equipment
To ensure the smooth operation of the ODU, you need to periodically check the ODU on site
and record the associated information. Carry out a complete check after a level-8 or higher
hurricane, an earthquake, or other exceptional circumstances.
2.4 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance of the Spare Parts
To ensure that the spare parts of the equipment are normal, check the spare parts in the storehouse
regularly and record the check results.

2 Routine maintenance Maintenance Guide
2.1 Routine Maintenance Items and Periods

To ensure the stable and long-term running of the equipment, the equipment should be
periodically maintained. This section describes the routine maintenance items and maintenance
periods of the equipment according to different maintenance scenarios.
Table 2-1 lists the routine maintenance items and periods.
Table 2-1 Maintenance items and periods
Maintena Maintena Maintenance Item Maintenanc

nce nce Site e Period
Owner
U2000 NMS center Checking the status of the NE and boards Daily
operator
Browsing network-wide alarms Daily
Browsing abnormal events Daily
Browsing the current performance events Daily
Browsing the performance events of the Daily

RMON statistics group
Checking the optical power Daily
Browsing DCN Communication Status Daily
Browsing the PW working status Daily
Backing up the U2000 data in a schedule Weekly

manner
Browsing the history performance events Monthly
Browsing the RMON history performance Monthly

events
Backing up the NE database Monthly
Testing the IF 1+1 Switching Half-yearly
Maintenanc Installation Checking the ODU Half-yearly

e engineer site
Checking the Hybrid Coupler Half-yearly
Checking the Antenna Half-yearly
Checking IF Cables Half-yearly
Checking the LOS Condition Half-yearly
Maintenanc Spare parts Testing the spare parts Half-yearly

e engineer center

2.2 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance in the

NMS Center
To ensure the normal running of the equipment, check the running status of the equipment, back
up the data periodically by using the U2000 and record the maintenance results at the network
management center.
2.2.1 Checking the Status of the NE and Boards

Regularly check the status of the NE and boards on the NE. In this way, the anomalies can be
detected and then handled in time.
2.2.2 Browsing Network-Wide Alarms
Periodically browsing the network-wide alarms helps in detecting and rectifying faults in time.
2.2.3 Browsing Abnormal Events
Regularly browse performance events of an NE. In this way, you can determine the current
running status of the NE and avoid the faults that are likely to occur.
2.2.4 Browsing the Current Performance Events
Browse the current performance events periodically to check the current running state of the
equipment. In this way, potential faults can be eliminated in time.
2.2.5 Browsing the Performance Events of the RMON Statistics Group
Browse the performance events of the RMON statistics group periodically. this helps you to
learn the running status of the ports and links, and the quality of services (QoS).
2.2.6 Checking the Optical Power
If the mean transmitted power and the receive power of the optical interface is excessively low
or high, bit errors occur or the optical components may be damaged, and thus services are
affected. To prevent this problem from occurring, you should check the optical power regularly
of every optical interface of the optical interface board.
2.2.7 Browsing the DCN Communication Status
Regularly browse the DCN communication status of an NE to ensure DNC connectivity.
2.2.8 Browsing the PW Working Status
Regularly browse the WP working status to ensure any PW that carries the service is working
in the normal status.
2.2.9 Backing Up the U2000 Data in a Scheduled Manner
Back up the U2000 data to a local server in a scheduled manner. In this way, the U2000 database
can be safely and quickly restored in the case of a database fault.
2.2.10 Browsing the History Performance Events
Browse the history performance events periodically to learn the long-term running state of the
2.2.11 Browsing the RMON History Performance Events
Browse the history RMON performance events periodically. This helps you to understand the
running status of the ports and channels, and the long-term quality of services.
2.2.12 Backing up the NE Database
To ensure that the NE data can be quickly restored after the database of the system control board
is lost or the power failure occurs to the equipment, you should back up the NE database
periodically.

2.2.13 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching

Periodically testing the IF 1+1 switching helps you to check whether the equipment can switch
over normally.
2.2.14 Maintenance Record Table
Maintenance record table is used to record the result of the maintenance operations.
2.2.1 Checking the Status of the NE and Boards

Regularly check the status of the NE and boards on the NE. In this way, the anomalies can be
detected and then handled in time.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 must be started in the NMS center.
l The NE must be configured and the NE configuration data must be uploaded to the U2000.
l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE Monitor" authority or higher.
Maintenance Period
Daily
Tools, Equipment and Materials

U2000
Operation Criteria
The NE icon and boards icon should be displayed in green on the U2000, and their working
status is normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Click the shortcut icon in the U2000 Main Topology to display the description of NE status.
Step 2 Check the NE status in the U2000 Main Topology. Normally, The NE icon should be displayed
in green and its working status is normal. If not, handle the problem with reference to
the following and the 3 Troubleshooting and 8 Alarm.
l If the NE icon is grey and is present above the NE icon, it indicates that the
communication between the U2000 and NE is interrupted.
l If the NE icon is red , it indicates that the highest severity level of the alarms generated
on the NE is critical.
l If the NE icon is orange , it indicates that the highest severity level of the alarms
generated on the NE is major.
l If the NE icon is yellow , it indicates that the highest severity level of the alarms
generated on the NE is minor.
l If the NE icon is slight-blue , it indicates that the highest severity level of the alarms
generated on the NE is warning.

l If is present above the NE icon, it indicates that the U2000 and the NE are inconsistent
with respect to the NE configuration data. In this case, refer to 7.8 Uploading the NE
Configuration Data.
Step 3 Double-click the NE icon. The NE status displayed in the upper left portion of the NE slot layout
should be "Running Status". If the NE status is "unknown", it indicates that the NE fails to
communicate with the U2000, or that the NE status cannot be detected because of a fault on the
equipment. Handle the problem with reference to 3 Troubleshooting and 8 Alarm.
Step 4 Click the shortcut icon in the NE slot layout to display the description of board status.
Step 5 Query the working state of the board. The board icon should be slight-grey . If the
board icon is of any other colors, take the following guidelines to handle the anomaly.
l If the board icon is slight-green , It indicates that the physical board is in position but
the logical board is not added on the U2000. Right-click the board, and choose Add
Board from the shortcut menu.
l If the board icon is blue , it indicates that the board is in the running state but not in
position. In this case, the physical board is not in position but the logical board is added on
the U2000. Check the board on site to ensure that the board is installed and the board is in
proper contact with the backplane.
l If the board icon is grey , it indicates that the board is in the installation state and is
running abnormally. In this case, check whether the configuration data of the board is correct
or whether the board becomes faulty.
l If is displayed in the lower left portion of the board icon or is displayed in the upper
right portion of the board icon, it indicates that loopback is set to the board. Determine
whether to release the loopback on the board as required.
----End
2.2.2 Browsing Network-Wide Alarms

Periodically browsing the network-wide alarms helps in detecting and rectifying faults in time.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 must be started at the NM center.
l The NE must be configured and the NE configuration data must be uploaded to the U2000.
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000
Operation Criteria
Use the U2000 to query the network-wide alarms. No new alarms exist.

NOTE
New alarms are the alarms generated during the query intervals.
Procedure
Step 1 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to browse the current
critical alarms.
NOTE
l When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are critical alarms
to be acknowledged.
l When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there
are new critical alarms to be acknowledged.
l By default, the number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide
uncleared critical alarms. Keep the Current Alarms interface open when alarms are monitored.
Step 2 Select the new cleared alarms and check the alarm causes. Check whether these alarms indicate
any probable faults by referring to 3 Troubleshooting and 8 Alarm.
Step 3 Select all the alarms and click Acknowledge. The cleared alarms disappear and are stored as
history alarms.
Step 4 Select the new uncleared alarms and then check the alarm causes. Handle the faults with
reference to 3 Troubleshooting and 8 Alarm.
major alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new major alarms.
NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are major alarms to
be acknowledged.
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there are
new critical alarms to be acknowledged.
By default, the number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide
uncleared major alarms. Keep the Current Alarms interface open when alarms are monitored.
minor alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new minor alarms.
NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are minor alarms
to be acknowledged.
new critical alarms to be acknowledged.
The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared minor
alarms. Keep the Current Alarms interface open when alarms are monitored.
warning alarms. Perform Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new warning alarms.

NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame , it indicates that there are warning alarms
to be acknowledged.
new warning alarms to be acknowledged.
By default, the number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide
uncleared warning alarms.
----End
2.2.3 Browsing Abnormal Events

Regularly browse performance events of an NE. In this way, you can determine the current
running status of the NE and avoid the faults that are likely to occur.
Prerequisite
l The NE must be configured and the data must be uploaded to the U2000.
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000
Operation Criteria
None
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Fault > Browse Event from the Main Menu of the U2000 to display the Events window
and Filter dialog box.
NOTE
If you previously set the startup template for browsing performance events (set the filter conditions), the
Filter dialog box is not displayed. Instead, the performance events matching the startup template are directly
displayed. For details on how to create a startup template, refer to the iManager U2000 Online Help.
Step 2 Optional: Click Copy from Template in the lower left corner in the Basic Settings tab or
Event Source tab to import the event browse template previously set. For details on how to
create an event browse template by setting filter conditions, refer to the iManager U2000 Online
Help.
NOTE
The default event browse template covers all abnormal performance events and all NEs.
Step 3 Set the filter conditions for browsing performance events in the Basic Settings tab of the
Filter dialog box.

1. Optional: Select the Event Name check box and click . In the displayed Select
Event dialog box, select the performance events to be browsed.
2. In the Basic Settings tab of the Filter dialog box, set Severity, Type, and Generated
Time for performance events.
3. Optional: Select the Remarks contain check box and enter the remarks made previously
for specific performance events in the text box behind the Remarks contain to filter the
performance events.
Step 4 In the Event Source tab of the Filter dialog box, select the NEs whose performance events are
to be browsed.
Step 5 Click OK. The matched performance events, if there is any, are displayed in the Events window.
Step 6 Handle these abnormal performance events according to experience and by referring to the 3
Troubleshooting and 8 Alarm.
----End
2.2.4 Browsing the Current Performance Events

Browse the current performance events periodically to check the current running state of the
Prerequisite
l The service must be configured.
l The performance monitoring function must be enabled. In addition, the performance
monitoring parameters must be set.
NOTE
For details on how to enable the performance monitoring function and how to set the monitoring
parameters, refer to the iManager U2000 Online Help.
l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and network monitor" authority or higher.
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000
Operation Criteria
For different objects, the checking criteria are listed as follows:
l For the port, no bit errors are generated or received.

l For the board, the working temperature, CPU utilization and memory utilization are normal.
l For the MPLS tunnel and Ethernet service, no packet loss or error occurs.

Procedure
Step 1 On the Main Topology, select and right-click the desired NE. In the shortcut menu, choose NE
Explorer to display the NE Explorer window.
Step 2 In the NE Explorer, select an NE, and then enter the browse performance interface of each object
in the following way.
Step 3 Select the corresponding board, and then choose Performance > Current Performance from
the Function Tree.
Step 4 Select a Monitored Object Filter Condition and the Monitor Period for this object.
NOTE
l Choose whether to display the consecutive severe bit error seconds according to requirements.
l If the object to be viewed is a physical port, you can also set the related query parameters for Gauge
and Count as required.
Step 5 Click Query to query the data from the NE.
Step 6 Optional: Click Reset to reset the performance register of the queried performance event.
NOTE
After the performance register is reset, the current performance data of this type is cleared. Then, a new
performance monitoring period is started.
----End
2.2.5 Browsing the Performance Events of the RMON Statistics

Group
Browse the performance events of the RMON statistics group periodically. this helps you to
learn the running status of the ports and links, and the quality of services (QoS).
Prerequisite
NOTE
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000

Operation Criteria
No packet loss and error packets occur.
Procedure
Step 2 In the NE Explorer, select the NE, and then enter the browse performance interface of each
object in the following way.
Object Entry
Port/board Select the corresponding board, and then choose Performance >
RMON Performance from the Function Tree.
MPLS tunnel 1. Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Unicast Tunnel
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select one or multiple tunnels. Right-click the tunnel to choose
Browse Performance to display the Performance Management
window.
PW 1. Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > PW

2. Select one or multiple PWs, and then right-click the PW to choose
window.
ATM service 1. Choose Configuration > ATM Service Management from the
Function Tree.
2. Select one or multiple ATM services, and then right-click the service
to choose Browse Performance to display the Performance
Management window.
CES service 1. Choose Configuration > CES Service Management from the
Function Tree.
2. Select one or multiple CES services, and then right-click the CES
service to choose Browse Performance to display the
Performance Management window.
Ethernet service 1. Choose Configuration > Ethernet Service Management from the
Function Tree, and then select an Ethernet service type.
2. Select one or more services, and then right-click the service to
choose Browse Performance to display the Performance
Management window.
Step 3 Click the Statistics Group tab in the Performance Management window.
Step 4 Select the monitored objects and performance events and set Query Conditions and Display
Mode.

NOTE
l If a performance event does not support the display of the accumulated value, after you check the
Display Accumulated Value check box in Query Conditions, perform the statistics. A dialog box is
displayed, indicating that the performance event cannot display the accumulated value.
l When Display Mode is set to Graphics, the number of the selected performance events cannot exceed
10.
Step 5 Click Start to display the results.

NOTE
If performance statistics should be made again, click Resetting begins.
----End
2.2.6 Checking the Optical Power

If the mean transmitted power and the receive power of the optical interface is excessively low
or high, bit errors occur or the optical components may be damaged, and thus services are
affected. To prevent this problem from occurring, you should check the optical power regularly
of every optical interface of the optical interface board.
Prerequisite
NOTE
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000
Operation Criteria
For the technical specifications of the mean transmitted optical power and receive optical power
of different optical interfaces, refer to Technical Specifications of Boards in the OptiX RTN
950 Radio Transmission System Product Description manual.
Procedure
Step 2 Select a board or interface board with the optical interface in the NE Explorer. Then, Choose
Performance > Current Performance from the Function Tree.

Step 3 In Performance Event Type, select Transmitted Optical Power and Receive Optical
Power. Then, click Query.
Step 4 Check whether the transmitted optical power and receive optical power are within the normal
range.
NOTE
The receive optical power must follow the standard: receiver sensitivity + 3 dBm < receive optical power (tested)
< overload threshold - 5 dBm.
Step 5 Optional: If the mean transmitted optical power is not within the normal range, handle the fault
with reference to the following.
1. Check and clean the fiber connector according to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the
Optical Fiber Connectors.
2. Perform Step 2 - Step 4 to test the mean transmitted optical power of the optical interface
again, until the mean transmitted optical power obtained is within the normal range.
3. Restore the fiber connection at the tested optical interface.
Step 6 Optional: If the receive optical power is not within the normal range, handle the fault with
reference to the following.
l If the receive optical power is less than sensitivity + 3 dBm:
1. Check whether the fiber connector and the optical attenuator are clean.
2. If the fiber connector is not clean, clean it according to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning
the Optical Fiber Connectors.
3. If the fiber flange or the optical attenuator on the ODF side is not clean, replace the
fiber flange or the optical attenuator.
4. Perform Step 2 - Step 4 to test the receive optical power of the optical interface again,
until the receive optical power obtained is within the normal range.
l If the receive optical power is larger than overload threshold - 5 dBm
1. Check whether the optical attenuator is normal.
2. If the optical attenuator is normal, add an optical attenuator on the ODF side.
3. If the optical attenuator is not normal, replace the optical attenuator.
4. Perform Step 2 - Step 4 to test the receive optical power of the optical interface again,
until the receive optical power obtained is within the normal range.
Step 7 Repeat the previous steps to test the transmitted optical power and receive optical power at all
the other optical interfaces of the equipment one by one.
----End

2.2.7 Browsing the DCN Communication Status

Regularly browse the DCN communication status of an NE to ensure DNC connectivity.
Prerequisite
l The NE must be configured and the data must be uploaded to the U2000.
l You must be a U2000 user with the NE Monitor authority or higher.
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000
Operation Criteria
Communication Status of the NE should be normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > DCN Management from the Main Menu of the U2000 to display
the DCN Management window.
Step 2 Click Refresh in the displayed DCN Management tab.
Step 3 Confirm that the Communication Status of the NE is Normal. If not, refer to 3.7 Inband DCN
Troubleshooting.
----End
2.2.8 Browsing the PW Working Status

Regularly browse the WP working status to ensure any PW that carries the service is working
in the normal status.
Prerequisite
l The service carried by PW must be configured.
l You must be a U2000 user with the NE and network monitor authority or higher.
Maintenance Period
Daily

U2000

Operation Criteria
Compositive Working Status of a PW should be Up.
Procedure
Step 2 In the NE Explorer, select the NE, and perform the following operations according to different
services.
Object Entry
Function Tree.
2. Click Query and then click Close in the displayed Operation
Result dialog box.
3. Select the PW tab, and check the PW working status in the General
Attributes area.
Function Tree.
Result dialog box.
3. Check the PW working status in the PW General Attributes area.
Result dialog box.
3. Select the NNI tab, and check the PW working status in the PW
area.
Step 3 Confirm that all the Local Working Status, Remote Working Status and Compositive
Working Status are Up.
NOTE
If not, recover the PW to normal working status by means of rectifying the service configuration,
troubleshooting the physical link fault or clearing the related alarms.
----End
2.2.9 Backing Up the U2000 Data in a Scheduled Manner

Back up the U2000 data to a local server in a scheduled manner. In this way, the U2000 database
can be safely and quickly restored in the case of a database fault.

Prerequisite
l The NE user has the authority of maintenance level or higher.
Maintenance Period
Weekly

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Task Management > Schedule Task from the main menu and the
Schedule Task Management window is displayed.
NOTE
If no schedule task is available, a prompt Information dialog box appears. Click OK.
Step 2 Click New and the Task Creation Wizard dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Select Database Backup as the task type and enter a name for the scheduled task. Then click
Next.
Step 4 Select Database Backup(DUMP). Then click Next.
Step 5 Select Back up the data to the local server and enter a backup path on the local server. Then
click Next.
Step 6 Select the running period for the task. Then click Next.
NOTE
It is recommended that the task is executed on Weekly.
Step 7 According to the running period of the task, select the start date, start time, weekly running time,
and weekly running day of the task.
Step 8 Click Finish. Then the created scheduled task is displayed in the Schedule Task
Management window.
----End
2.2.10 Browsing the History Performance Events

Browse the history performance events periodically to learn the long-term running state of the
Prerequisite

NOTE
Maintenance Period
Monthly

U2000
Operation Criteria
Determine the stability of service links by analyzing the collected history performance data.
Check the links working in an unstable state.
Procedure
Step 2 In the NE Explorer, select an NE, and then enter the browse performance interface of each object
in the following way.
Step 3 Select the corresponding board, and then choose Performance > History Performance from
the Function Tree.
Step 4 Choose Monitored Object Filter Condition and set the Monitor Period, Ended From, To
and Data Source.
NOTE
l If you view the history performance data from NE, you can set save to database by your need.
l If the object is physical port, you can also set the parameters of Gauge and Count.
Step 5 Click Query to display the results.
Step 6 Optional: Click Reset to reset the performance registers.

NOTE
After the resetting, the history performance data is deleted and a new performance monitoring period is
beginning.
----End
2.2.11 Browsing the RMON History Performance Events

Browse the history RMON performance events periodically. This helps you to understand the
running status of the ports and channels, and the long-term quality of services.
Prerequisite


NOTE
Maintenance Period
Monthly

U2000
Operation Criteria
Determine the long-term running quality of the service by analyzing and collecting the history
performance data. In the case of links with high loading for a long time, adjust the services. Take
some measures to prevent the high loading working state within a period. If the service link
works in an unstable state, clear the interference in time.
Procedure
Step 2 In the NE Explorer, select the NE, and then enter the browse performance interface of each
object in the following way.
Object Entry
Port/board Select the corresponding board, and then choose Performance >
RMON Performance from the Function Tree.
MPLS tunnel 1. Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Unicast Tunnel
2. Select one or multiple tunnels. Right-click the tunnel to choose
window.
PW 1. Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > PW

2. Select one or multiple PWs, and then right-click the PW to choose
window.

Object Entry
Function Tree.
2. Select one or multiple ATM services, and then right-click the service
to choose Browse Performance to display the Performance
Management window.
Function Tree.
2. Select one or multiple CES services, and then right-click the CES
service to choose Browse Performance to display the
Performance Management window.
2. Select one or more services, and then right-click the service to
choose Browse Performance to display the Performance
Management window.
Step 3 Click the History Group tab.
Step 4 Select the monitored objects and performance events and set Ended From, To, History Table
Type and Display Mode.
NOTE
When Display Mode is set to Graphics, the number of the selected performance events cannot exceed 10.
Step 5 Click Query to display the results.
----End
2.2.12 Backing up the NE Database

To ensure that the NE data can be quickly restored after the database of the system control board
is lost or the power failure occurs to the equipment, you should back up the NE database
periodically.
Prerequisite
l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and network operator" authority or higher.
l You must log in to the NE as an NE user of the system level.
Maintenance Period
Monthly

U2000

Operation Criteria
The system indicates that the backup operation is successful.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Configuration Data Management from the Main Menu.
Step 2 In the Object Tree on the left, select one or more NEs and click .
Step 3 Select one or more NEs from NE Configuration Data Management List.
Step 4 Click Back Up NE Data, select Back Up Database To SCC or Manually Back Up Database
To CF Card.
Step 5 Click OK in the Confirm dialog box, and then the system starts to back up the NE database.
Step 6 After the backup is complete, the Operation Result dialog box, which indicates that the backup
is successful, is displayed. Click Close.
----End
2.2.13 Testing the IF 1+1 Switching

Periodically testing the IF 1+1 switching helps you to check whether the equipment can switch
over normally.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 is in normal communication with the NE.
l The NE user has the authority of maintenance level or higher.

U2000
Precautions
l The IF 1+1 switching performed manually is a HSB switching. During the 1+1 protection
switching (< 500 ms), protection services are interrupted. Hence, you are recommended to
carry out 1+1 protection switching when the traffic is light.
l Before you perform the switching, ensure that the standby equipment is working properly.
If the switching fails, contact Huawei engineers for further assistance.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF 1+1 Protection from the
Function Tree.
Step 2 In Protection Group, select the protection group that is to be switched over.
Step 3 In Slot Mapping Relation, right-click the IF board, and choose Manual Switch to
Protection from the shortcut menu.
Step 4 Click OK to begin the protection switching.

Step 5 Click Query Switch Status to check the protection switching status.
After the switching is complete, the Switching Status of Device of the working board should
be Manual Switching.
Step 6 After the equipment runs properly for a period, query the current alarms and performance events.
There should be no new alarms or performance events.
Step 7 Repeat Step 1 to Step 2.
Step 8 In Slot Mapping Relation, right-click the IF board, and choose Clear from the shortcut menu.
Step 9 Click OK to restore the protection switching.
Step 10 Click Query Switch Status to check the protection switching status.
The Switching Status of Device of the working board should be Normal.
Step 11 After the equipment runs properly for some time, query the current alarms and performance
events.
There should be no new alarms or performance events.
----End

Table 2-2 Maintenance Record Table
Maintenance Item Maintenance Remarks Maintainer

Status
Checking the Status Normal

of the NE and Boards Abnormal
Browsing Network- Normal

Wide Alarms Abnormal
Browsing Abnormal Normal

Events Abnormal
Browsing the Normal

Current Performance Abnormal
Events
Browsing the Normal

Performance Events Abnormal
of the RMON
Statistics Group
Checking the Optical Normal

Power Abnormal
Browsing the DCN Normal

Communication Abnormal
Status


Status
Browsing the PW Normal

Working Status Abnormal
Backing Up the Normal

U2000 Data in a Abnormal
Scheduled Manner
Browsing the History Normal

Performance Events Abnormal
Browsing the RMON Normal

History Performance Abnormal
Events
Backing up the NE Normal

Database Abnormal
Testing the IF 1+1 Normal

Switching Abnormal
Problems and their solution:
Pending problems:
Verification:
2.3 Field Maintenance and Record Table for Outdoor

Equipment
To ensure the smooth operation of the ODU, you need to periodically check the ODU on site
and record the associated information. Carry out a complete check after a level-8 or higher
hurricane, an earthquake, or other exceptional circumstances.
2.3.1 Checking the ODU
Periodically checking the ODU helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the ODU in a
timely manner.
2.3.2 Checking the Hybrid Coupler
Periodically checking a hybrid coupler helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the coupler
in time.
2.3.3 Checking the Antenna
Periodically checking an antenna helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the antenna in
a timely manner.
2.3.4 Checking IF Cables
Periodically checking the IF cables helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the cables in
a timely manner.
2.3.5 Checking the LOS Condition
Checking the LOS condition of the transmission link periodically helps in detecting hidden LOS
faults on the transmission link.


2.3.1 Checking the ODU

Periodically checking the ODU helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the ODU in a
timely manner.
Prerequisite
None.
Tools, Instruments, and Materials

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Ensure that the ODU is located within the protected area of the lightning arrester.
For plain areas, the lightning arrester protects the area that is located within an angle of 45 under
it. For mountainous areas and the areas where lightning frequently occurs, the lightning arrester
protects the area that is located within an angle of 30 under it.
Step 2 Ensure that the ODU is properly fixed on the antenna.
Step 3 Ensure that the ODU is not damaged.
Step 4 Ensure that the interface between the ODU and the antenna is waterproof.
Step 5 Ensure that the protection grounding cable of the ODU is firmly and reliably grounded.
----End
2.3.2 Checking the Hybrid Coupler

Periodically checking a hybrid coupler helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the coupler
in time.
Prerequisite
None.

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Ensure that the coupler is located within the protected area of the lightning arrester.
Step 2 Ensure that the coupler is reliably fixed on the antenna.

Step 3 Ensure that the coupler is not damaged.

Step 4 Ensure that the interface between the coupler and the antenna is waterproof.
Step 5 Ensure that the interface between the coupler and the ODU is waterproof.
----End
2.3.3 Checking the Antenna

Periodically checking an antenna helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the antenna in
a timely manner.
Prerequisite
None.

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Ensure that the antenna is located within the protected area of the lightning arrester.
Step 2 Ensure that the antenna is reliably fixed on the mast.
Step 3 Ensure that the antenna radome is not damaged.
Step 4 Ensure that there is no accumulated water in the antenna.
Step 5 Check whether the fastening bolts on the antenna are loose. Check whether the antenna slants
from the original position. Ensure that the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the antenna
meet the design requirements.
Step 6 In the case of split mounting, ensure that the installation parts (ODU adapter, antenna adapter,
and flexible waveguide) are installed firmly, and that the connectors are fastened.
Step 7 Check and ensure that the interface of the feed boom is properly sealed and waterproof.
----End
2.3.4 Checking IF Cables

Periodically checking the IF cables helps you to find faults and hidden troubles of the cables in
a timely manner.
Prerequisite
None.

None.

Procedure
Step 1 Check the appearance of cables.
l There should be no bent or twisted cable.
l There should be no bare copper wire.
l The bending radius of the cable should be greater than 30 cm.
Step 2 Check the cable connectors.

l The cable connector should be reliably connected to the ODU.
l The cable connector should be waterproof.
Step 3 Check the grounding of the cables.

l The grounding clip should be waterproof.
l The grounding cable should be routed from top downwards. The angle between the grounding
cable and the IF cable should not be more than 15 degrees.
----End
2.3.5 Checking the LOS Condition

Checking the LOS condition of the transmission link periodically helps in detecting hidden LOS
faults on the transmission link.
Prerequisite
None.

Telescope
Procedure
Step 1 Use the telescope to search for the antenna at the opposite end from a location nearby the local
antenna. There should be no buildings or maintains on the transmission link, which may block
the LOS.
----End

Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Remarks Maintainer

Item Status Period
Checking the Normal Half a year

ODU Abnormal

Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Remarks Maintainer

Item Status Period

Hybrid Coupler Abnormal

Antenna Abnormal
Checking IF Normal Half a year

Cables Abnormal

LOS Condition Abnormal
Pending problems:
Verification:
2.4 Guide and Record Table for Routine Maintenance of the

Spare Parts
To ensure that the spare parts of the equipment are normal, check the spare parts in the storehouse
regularly and record the check results.
2.4.1 Testing the Spare Parts

Check the status and versions of the spare parts regularly. This ensures that the spare parts can
replace the faulty boards in the existing network at any time and thus improves the maintenance
efficiency.
Maintenance record table is used to record the result of maintenance operations.
2.4.1 Testing the Spare Parts

Check the status and versions of the spare parts regularly. This ensures that the spare parts can
replace the faulty boards in the existing network at any time and thus improves the maintenance
efficiency.
Prerequisite
l Important boards must be available in the spare parts center.
l Spare NEs must be available in the spare parts center for testing the spare parts.
Maintenance Period
Half-yearly


U2000
Operation Criteria
The spare parts and the boards of the same type used in the network should be of the same BIOS
version, board software version, and logic version.
NOTE
A portion of the boards of different printed circuit board (PCB) versions are mutually compatible. If the
PCB versions of the spare parts are different from those of the running boards, consult local Huawei
technical support engineers.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Menu, choose Inventory > Physical Inventory > Board.
Step 2 In the Physical Inventory window, click the Board List tab.
Step 3 Click Filter.

In the Set Board Filter Criteria dialog box, set the criteria for filtering boards. Then, click
OK.
Step 4 Record the BIOS version, FPGA version and logic version of the spare part.
Step 5 Check whether the version of the spare part is consistent with that of the board of the same type
running in the network. If inconsistent, consult local Huawei technical support engineers for
handling.
----End
Reference Information
Follow the listed principles to maintain the spare parts.
l Principle for check of spare parts:

Check the version and quality of spare parts periodically.
The version of spare part must be consistent with the version of the same type of board
running in the network in terms of software, BIOS and logic.
When the network is to be upgraded, provide the parts in time and upgrade the version
of the running parts.
l Principle for storage of parts:
The spare parts must be stored in line with regulations and be kept for exclusive use.
The spare parts must be stored in anti-static bags and no friction should be caused among
them. These bags with parts inside should be kept in special anti-static cupboard and
away from sundries.
Wear an anti-static glove to touch the spare parts.
The inbound/outbound information must be recorded and timely refreshed. Hence, the
parts can be supplemented accordingly.


Maintenance record table is used to record the result of maintenance operations.

Status
Testing the Spare Normal

Parts Abnormal
Pending problems:
Verification:

Maintenance Guide 3 Troubleshooting
3 Troubleshooting
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the thought and process of troubleshooting equipment faults with respect
to the common flow, emergency flow, information collection, and fault notification.
3.1 General Fault Handling Flow
Adherence to the general fault handling flow helps you to rectify the system faults in time.
3.2 Emergency Flow of Handling the Service Interruption Fault
If any fault causes service interruption, follow the general fault handling flow and also take other
emergency measures, such as backup trails, to reduce the service interruption time to the
minimum.
3.3 CES Service Troubleshooting
This section describes how to troubleshoot interruption or bit errors of the CES service in terms
of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible causes, tools required for troubleshooting,
troubleshooting procedure, and precautions that should be taken during the troubleshooting.
3.4 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting
This section describes how to troubleshoot Ethernet service interruption or packet loss in terms
3.5 Clock Troubleshooting
This section describes how to troubleshoot loss of the clock source and degrade of clock signals
in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible causes, tools required for
troubleshooting, troubleshooting procedure, and precautions that should be taken during the
troubleshooting.
3.6 QoS Troubleshooting
This section describes the QoS faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
causes, tools required for troubleshooting, troubleshooting procedure, and precautions that
should be taken during the troubleshooting.
3.7 Inband DCN Troubleshooting
This section describes the inband DCN faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system,
possible causes, tools required for troubleshooting, troubleshooting procedure, and precautions
that should be taken during the troubleshooting.

3 Troubleshooting Maintenance Guide
3.8 LAG Troubleshooting

This section describes the LAG faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
3.9 ML-PPP Troubleshooting
This section describes the ML-PPP faults such as service interruption, packet loss, or bit error
troubleshooting.
3.10 IMA Troubleshooting
This section describes the IMA faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
3.11 MPLS APS Troubleshooting
This section describes the MPLS APS faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system,
3.12 Troubleshooting Microwave Links
When an NE reports MW_LOF or MW_FEC_UNCOR due to failure or performance degrade
of a microwave link, there is a microwave link fault.
3.13 Information Collection and Information Record
Collect information and record the information in a timely manner for locating and rectifying
the fault quickly.
3.14 Fault Notification and Technical Support
During troubleshooting, you can inform Huawei of the faults and apply for technical support, if
necessary.

3.1 General Fault Handling Flow

Adherence to the general fault handling flow helps you to rectify the system faults in time.
Flow Diagram
Figure 3-1 shows the general flow diagram for handling faults.
Figure 3-1 General flow diagram for handling faults
Start
Observe and record

fault phenomenon
External Yes
Other handling flow
anomalies?
No
Find cause and locate

fault
Rectify fault
No Contact Huawei for

Fault rectified?
technical support
Yes
Write fault Find solution together

handling report and rectify fault
End
Description of the Fault Handling Flow

Observe and record fault phenomena
Observe the fault phenomena and record them. Record the details of the fault, especially the
time when the fault occurs, and the operations performed before and after the fault in details.

You can also save the important data such as the alarm and performance event information stored
on the U2000.
Handle external anomalies
Check whether the fault lies in external anomalies concerning the power supply, fiber, ambience
in the equipment room (temperature, for example), and terminal equipment. If yes, handle the
anomalies immediately.
Make experience-based judgment and theory-based analysis
According to the information on the fault phenomena and other fault-related information,
analyze the probable causes based on the experience and related theories.
Rectify faults
According to the probable causes, make a plan to confirm each probable cause, find out the most
likely cause, and rectify the fault. For details, refer to Table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Troubleshooting for different services and functions

S Type of trouble Contents
N
1 CES service Refer to 3.3 CES Service Troubleshooting.
2 Ethernet service Refer to 3.4 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting.
3 Clock Refer to 3.5 Clock Troubleshooting.
4 QoS Refer to 3.6 QoS Troubleshooting.
5 Inband DCN Refer to 3.7 Inband DCN Troubleshooting.
6 LAG Refer to 3.8 LAG Troubleshooting.
7 ML-PPP Refer to 3.9 ML-PPP Troubleshooting.
8 IMA Refer to 3.10 IMA Troubleshooting.
9 MPLS APS Refer to 3.11 MPLS APS Troubleshooting.
10 Microwave Links Refer to 3.12 Troubleshooting Microwave Links.
NOTE
Confirm the probable causes one by one.
Check whether the fault is rectified

After confirming a cause, analyze the result to check whether the fault is rectified and whether
any new fault occurs.
l If the fault persists, contact Huawei technical support engineers.
l If the fault is rectified, prepare the fault handling report.
l If new faults occur, refer to the fault handling flow and try to rectify them.
Contact Huawei engineers for co-work

If you fail to rectify the fault, contact Huawei technical support engineers and co-work with
them to find a solution. For contact information, see 3.14 Fault Notification and Technical
Support.
If remote maintenance is required, refer to 6 Remote Maintenance Guide and work with
Huawei engineers for remote access.
Write the fault handling report
After rectifying a fault, record the work done for handling the fault in a timely manner. When
summarizing the working experience, provide reference information for handling similar faults.
The report should contain the following key information:
l Description of the fault phenomenon and collected fault-related information
l Probable causes of the fault
l Plan and confirmation result for each probable cause
l List of involved equipment and instruments used for confirming the probable causes
l Experience of confirming probable causes
l Others such as the references used during the process
3.2 Emergency Flow of Handling the Service Interruption

Fault
If any fault causes service interruption, follow the general fault handling flow and also take other
emergency measures, such as backup trails, to reduce the service interruption time to the
minimum.
CAUTION
Take the following precautions when handling the service interruption fault or any other
emergency according to the emergency flow:
l Restore services as soon as possible. If backup channels are available, switch services to
the backup channels.
l Observe the fault phenomenon, find the cause, and rectify the fault.
l When you cannot handle the fault, contact Huawei for technical support and work with
Huawei to handle the fault and to minimize the service interruption duration.
l Properly make a record when handling a fault and save the original data.
Flow Diagram
Figure 3-2 shows the flow diagram for handling service interruption.

Figure 3-2 Flow diagram for handling service interruption
Start
NMS
Yes Perform reverse operation

Any mis-operation?
to restore service
No
Any Yes Reset/re-insert/replace

equipment alarm on
board
NE?
No
Perform
Any signal Yes inloop on opposite No Reset/re-insert/replace
loss alarm? port and recheck board of the opposite NE
alarm
Yes
Handle anomaly of
No
interconnected equipment
Yes Any line Yes Handle fiber cut/board

Any line alarm? alarm on adjacent
fault/power supply problem
NE?
No
Any No Change service route or

protection switching
use standby route
configured?
No
Yes
Reset/re-insert
Check fiber and use
faulty board, disable
standby route
protection protocol
Yes Change port loopback

Any loopback?
configuration
No
Any Yes Change service

service configuration
configuration
error
No
Fault ratified?
No
Yes
Contact Huawei for

End
technical support

Description of the Emergency Handling Flow

Check for misoperations
Check whether any misoperations are performed before the fault occurs, such as addition or
deletion of services or boards, and configuration change. In the case of any misoperation, perform
the reverse operation to restore the services.
Check alarms
When the services are interrupted, check for any of the alarms listed in Table 3-2 and rectify
the fault indicated by the alarm accordingly.
Table 3-2 Alarm description
Alarm Type Alarm Name Indication
Equipment alarm HARD_BAD The board hardware becomes

faulty.
Signal loss alarm ETH_LOS A link breaks.

The network interface has no
signals (PHY-layer
detection).
The board has no signal
input.
EXT_SYNC_LOS The system detects loss of the

external clock source traced
by the equipment.
Line alarm PW_DOWN A PW service connection is

interrupted.
NOTE
The alarms listed in Table 3-2 may cause service interruption. Therefore, take priority to handle these
alarms. For details on other alarms reported on the U2000, see 8.3 Alarm Handling.
Check loopback
Check whether any loopback is set along the service route.
Check service configuration
Check the service configuration section by section along the route.
3.3 CES Service Troubleshooting

This section describes how to troubleshoot interruption or bit errors of the CES service in terms

Symptoms
The symptoms of a CES service fault may be as follows. See Table 3-3. Clear up all the reported
alarms and the fault is rectified.
Table 3-3 List of common symptoms of CES service faults

Symptom Alarm Reported Board
The CES service is HARD_BAD, CXPR, ML1 or ML1A

interrupted. TEMP_OVER, or
BUS_ERR
COMMUN_FAIL CXPR
T_ALOS ML1 or ML1A
UP_E1_AIS or ML1 or ML1A

DOWN_E1_AIS
R_LOS, CD1
LASER_MOD_ERR, or
IN_PWR_ABN
MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV CXPR
PW_DOWN
The CES service has bit HARD_BAD, CXPR, ML1 or ML1A

errors and the TEMP_OVER, or
communication is degraded. BUS_ERR
SYNC_C_LOS or LTI CXPR
CES_LOSPKT_EXC, ML1 or ML1A

CES_MISORDERPKT_EX
C, CES_MALPKT_EXC,
CES_STRAYPKT_EXC,
CES_JTRUDR_EXC, or
CES_JTROVR_EXC
LSR_WILL_DIE, CD1
IN_PWR_ABN, TEM_HA,
or LSR_BCM_ALM
Troubleshooting Flowchart
Figure 3-3 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting CES service faults.

Figure 3-3 Flowchart for troubleshooting CES service faults

Start
Whether Board is faulty or inter-

HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER,
Yes Reset/re-insert/replace
BUS_ERR, or COMMUN_FAIL
board communication
board
alarm exists? fails
No
Whether Check fiber, optical

T_ALOS, R_LOS, or Yes Signals are lost or module, and network No Reset/re-insert/
LASER_MOD_ERR degradeed cable, and handle replace board
alarm exists? problems
No
Whether
MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV Yes Tunnel or PW which Rectify fault of No Rectify fault of
or PW_DOWN alarm carries service is faulty physical link opposite equipment
exists?
No
Whether Yes No Reset/re-insert/replace

Synchronous
SYNC_C_LOS or LTI Rectify clock fault cross-connect board
clock is lost
alarm exists?
No
Whether
Yes Lost packets, Check fiber, optical No
CES_LOSPKT_EXC, Modify network
errored packets, or jitter module, and connections,
CES_JTRUDR_EXC configuration
crosses threshold and handle problems
alarm exists?
No Whether fault
is rectified?
Yes
Contact Huawei technical

End
support engineers
Impact on the System

The CES service in the network has bit errors or is interrupted. As a result, the communication
is degraded or interrupted. If the CES service fault is caused by the CXPR board, other services
accessed by the equipment may also be affected.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, a CES service fault may be due to the following
causes:
l Cause 1: The board has a hardware fault or excessively high temperature, or the inter-board
communication fails. As a result, the board does not work normally.
l Cause 2: The signals are lost or degraded.
l Cause 3: The tunnel or PW that carries the CES service is interrupted.
l Cause 4: The priority of the synchronous clock source or the synchronous clock source
itself is lost.

l Cause 5: The number of lost packets or erorred packets, or the jitter buffer of the CES
service over the PW crosses the threshold.

U2000, optical power meter, and SDH analyzer or BER tester
Precautions
DANGER
Avoid direct eye exposure to laser beams launched from optical interfaces or fiber connectors.
Otherwise, the laser beams launched from the optical interfaces or fiber connectors may damage
the eyes.
Procedure
1. Query the current alarms of the system to check for the HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER,
COMMUN_FAIL, or BUS_ERR alarm and determine which board reports the alarm.
For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. Handle the HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER, COMMUN_FAIL, or BUS_ERR alarm.
l Cause 2: The signals are lost or degraded.
1. Check for the T_ALOS, UP_E1_AIS, or DOWN_E1_AIS alarm of the system and
handle the T_ALOS, UP_E1_AIS, or DOWN_E1_AIS alarm.
2. Check for the R_LOS alarm of the system and handle the R_LOS alarm.
3. Check for the LASER_MOD_ERR, LSR_WILL_DIE, IN_PWR_ABN, TEM_HA,
or LSR_BCM_ALM alarm of the system and handle the LASER_MOD_ERR,
LSR_WILL_DIE, IN_PWR_ABN, TEM_HA, or LSR_BCM_ALM alarm.
l Cause 3: The tunnel or PW that carries the CES service is interrupted.
1. Check for the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm of the system and handle the
MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm.
2. Check for the PW_DOWN alarm of the system and handle the PW_DOWN alarm.
l Cause 4: The priority of the synchronous clock source or the synchronous clock source
itself is lost.
1. Check whether the SYNC_C_LOS or LTI alarm exits.
2. If yes, handle the SYNC_C_LOS or LTI alarm.
l Cause 5: The number of lost packets or erorred packets, or the jitter buffer of the CES
service over the PW crosses the threshold.
1. Check whether the CES_LOSPKT_EXC or CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC alarm
exits. If yes, handle the CES_LOSPKT_EXC or CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC
alarm.
2. Check whether the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC or CES_MALPKT_EXC alarm exits. If
yes, handle the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC or CES_MALPKT_EXC alarm.

3. Check whether the CES_JTRUDR_EXC or CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm exits. If yes,

handle the CES_JTRUDR_EXC or CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm.
----End
3.4 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting

This section describes how to troubleshoot Ethernet service interruption or packet loss in terms
Symptoms
The symptoms of Ethernet service faults may be as follows. See Table 3-4. Clear up all the
reported alarms and the fault is rectified.
Table 3-4 List of common symptoms of Ethernet service faults

The Ethernet service is HARD_BAD, CXPR, AUXQ, EF8T, EF8F,

interrupted. TEMP_OVER, or EM6T, EM6F or EG2
BUS_ERR
COMMUN_FAIL CXPR
ETH_LOS, AUXQ, EF8T, EF8F, EM6T,

ETH_LINK_DOWN, EM6F or EG2
ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOW
N, LOOP_ALM
LASER_SHUT or EF8F, EM6F or EG2

LSR_WILL_DIE
The Ethernet service loses HARD_BAD, CXPR, AUXQ, EF8T,

packets or has erorred TEMP_OVER, or EF8F,EM6T, EM6F or EG2
packets. BUS_ERR
LSR_WILL_DIE EF8F or EG2
MAC_FCS_EXC or AUXQ, EF8T, EF8F,EM6T,

FLOW_OVER EM6F or EG2
Figure 3-4 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting Ethernet service faults.

Figure 3-4 Flowchart for troubleshooting Ethernet service faults

Start
Whether
HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER,
Yes Board is faulty or inter- Reset/re-insert/replace
BUS_ERR, or COMMUN_FAIL board communication fails board
alarm exists?
No
Whether Check fiber, optical

Yes Signals are
ETH_LOS alarm module, and network cable,
lost or degraded
exists? and handle problems
No
Whether Yes Modify port configuration, No

Reset/re-insert/
ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm Port negotiation fails including port attributes
and working mode replace board
exists?
No
Whether Yes Modify port loopback

LOOP_ALM alarm Port loopback is set
configuration
exists?
No
Whether Yes
Service configuration Modify service
FLOW_OVER alarm
is incorrect configuration
exists?
No Whether fault
is rectified?
Yes

End
support engineers

The Ethernet service in the network is interrupted, loses packets, or has erorred packets. If the
fault is caused by the CXPR board, other services accessed by the equipment may also be
affected.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, an Ethernet service fault may be due to the following
causes:
l Cause 2: The signals on the receive side of the Ethernet interface are lost.
l Cause 3: The Ethernet port is misconnected and the port negotiation fails.
l Cause 4: Loopback is configured for the port.
l Cause 5: The configured traffic limit is excessively low at the port and configurations of
the source and sink ports are inconsistent.


U2000, optical power meter
Precautions
DANGER
Avoid direct eye exposure to laser beams launched from optical interfaces or fiber connectors.
Otherwise, the laser beams launched from the optical interfaces or fiber connectors may damage
the eyes.
Procedure
1. Query the current alarms of the system to check for the HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER,
COMMUN_FAIL, or BUS_ERR alarm and the board that reports the alarm. For
details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. Clear the HARD_BAD, TEMP_OVER, COMMUN_FAIL, or BUS_ERR alarm.
l Cause 2: The signals on the receive side of the Ethernet interface are lost.
1. Check for the ETH_LOS or ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN alarm of the system and
clear the ETH_LOS or ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN alarm.
2. Check for the LASER_SHUT or LSR_WILL_DIE alarm of the system and clear the
LASER_SHUT or LSR_WILL_DIE alarm.
3. Check for the IN_PWR_ABN or OUT_PWR_ABN alarm of the system and clear the
IN_PWR_ABN or OUT_PWR_ABN alarm.
4. Check for the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm of the system and clear the
MAC_FCS_EXC alarm.
l Cause 3: The Ethernet port is misconnected and the port negotiation fails.
1. Check for the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm of the system and clear the
ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm.
l Cause 4: Loopback is configured for the port.
1. Check for the LOOP_ALM alarm of the system and clear the LOOP_ALM alarm.
l Cause 5: The configured traffic limit is excessively low at the port and configurations of
the source and sink ports are inconsistent.
1. Check for the FLOW_OVER alarm of the system and clear the FLOW_OVER alarm.
l If any problems occur during the troubleshooting, contact Huawei engineers. For the
contact information, see 3.14 Fault Notification and Technical Support.
----End
3.5 Clock Troubleshooting

This section describes how to troubleshoot loss of the clock source and degrade of clock signals

troubleshooting.
Symptoms
The symptoms of clock faults may be as follows. See Table 3-5. Clear up all the reported alarms
and the fault is rectified.
Table 3-5 List of common symptoms of clock faults

The service has bit errors. SYNC_C_LOS, LTI, CXPR, AUXQ, EF8F, EF8T,
S1_SYN_CHANGE, EM6T, EM6F, EG2, CD1,
SYN_BAD, ML1, or ML1A
EXT_SYNC_LOS, or
CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE
EXT_TIME_LOC CXPR

Loss or quality degrade of a clock source in the network affects the service that traces this clock
source, causes pointer justification, and increases the BER.
Possible Causes
A clock fault may be due to the following causes:
l Cause 1: The priority of the synchronous clock source on the service board is absent from
the priority table.
l Cause 2: The synchronous clock source is lost and the clock of the NE works abnormally.
l Cause 3: The clock source is switched in the SSM mode and thus the clock source traced
by the NE is also switched.
l Cause 4: The signals of the synchronous clock source are degraded.
l Cause 5: The external clock source is lost.
l Cause 6: The clock does not work in the tracing mode.
l Cause 7: The external time source is lost.

U2000, frequency meter, ANT20

Precautions
WARNING
If no active and standby CXPR board that are working normally can be used for protection,
cold-reset of CXPR board may completely interrupt the services.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The priority of the synchronous clock source on the service board is absent from
the priority table.
1. Check for the SYNC_C_LOS alarm of the system. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying
Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If the SYNC_C_LOS alarm occurs, clear the SYNC_C_LOS alarm.
l Cause 2: The synchronous clock source is lost and the clock of the NE works abnormally.
1. Check for the LTI alarm of the system and clear the LTI alarm.
l Cause 3: The clock source is switched in the SSM mode and thus the clock source traced
by the NE is also switched.
1. Check for the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm of the system and clear the
S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm.
l Cause 4: The signals of the synchronous clock source are degraded.
1. Check for the SYN_BAD alarm of the system and clear the SYN_BAD alarm.
l Cause 5: The external clock source is lost.
1. Check for the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm of the system and clear the
EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm.
l Cause 6: The clock does not work in the tracing mode.
1. Check for the CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE alarm of the system and clear the
CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE alarm.
l Cause 7: The external time source is lost.
1. Check for the EXT_TIME_LOC alarm of the system and clear the
EXT_TIME_LOC alarm.
----End
3.6 QoS Troubleshooting

This section describes the QoS faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
Prerequisite
The connection of services configured with the QoS policy must be normal.

Symptoms
The symptoms of the QoS faults may be as follows:
l The service is configured with bandwidth, but the actual traffic exceeds the limit. Hence,
the traffic is large, and a congestion occurs.
l Different services preempt bandwidth of each other. The packets of the service are lost or
bit errors occur in the service whose bandwidth is preempted.
l A service of a lower priority preempts the bandwidth of a service of a higher priority. In
this case, the packets of the service are lost or bit errors occur in the service of a higher
priority.
Generally, in the case of the QoS faults, the system reports the alarms listed in Table 3-6. If the
alarms reported by the equipment are cleared, the faults are rectified.
Table 3-6 List of common symptoms of the QoS faults

The traffic is large, and a FLOW_OVER AUXQ, EF8T, EF8F,EM6T, EM6F,

congestion occurs. or EG2
The service bandwidth is CES_LOSPKT_EXC ML1, or ML1A

preempted, and the packets
of the service are lost or bit CES_JTROVR_EXC
errors occur. CES_JTRUDR_EXC
Figure 3-5 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the QoS faults.

Figure 3-5 Flowchart for troubleshooting the QoS faults
Start
Check The traffic crosses

Yes Check No
whether the alarms the threshold or the Reconfigure the port
whether the Qos policy
listed in the preceding service bandwidth is policy or PW policy
is configured
table exist insufficient
Yes
Check
No
whether the Qos policy Reconfigure the
for the service is service parameters
correct
Yes
Check
Yes Increase the
whether the bandwidth
configured bandwidth
of the tunnel or PW can
for the tunnel or PW
be increased
No
Check
Yes
whether the hardware Clear the hardware
alarms exist on the alarms
board
No Whether fault
is rectified?
Yes
Contact Huawei
End
technical engineers

If the service processing capability of the board is restricted, part of the services may not be
processed, and the packets of the service are lost or bit errors occur.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the QoS faults may be due to the following causes:
l Cause 1: The NE is not configured with the QoS policy.

l Cause 2: During the service configuration, an incorrect QoS policy is selected.
l Cause 3: The bandwidth configured in the tunnel or PW is small.
l Cause 4: The board is faulty, and the configuration data is not delivered to the board.

U2000 and BER tester

Procedure
l Cause 1: The NE is not configured with the QoS policy.
1. Check whether the NE is configured with the related QoS policy such as the WRED
policy, WFQ scheduling policy, port policy, CAR policy, V-UNI Ingress policy, or
ATM policy.
2. If the NE is not configured with the related QoS policy, configure the missing QoS
policy. For details, see Configuring QoS in the Feature Description manual.
l Cause 2: During the service configuration, an incorrect QoS policy is selected.
1. Check whether the QoS policy that is currently configured is applicable. If it is not
applicable, configure a new policy. For details, see the Configuration Guide manual.
l Cause 3: The bandwidth configured in the tunnel or PW is small.
1. Check whether the bandwidth that is currently configured in the tunnel or PW meets
the requirement for the traffic. If the configured bandwidth is excessively small,
reconfigure the bandwidth. For details, see the Configuration Guide manual.
l Cause 4: The board is faulty, and the configuration data is not delivered to the board.
1. Check whether a hardware alarm such as HARD_BAD exists in the system. If the
alarm exists, clear the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. Check whether the laser alarm such as LSR_WILL_DIE exists in the system. If the
alarm exists, clear the LSR_WILL_DIE alarm.
----End
3.7 Inband DCN Troubleshooting

This section describes the inband DCN faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system,
Prerequisite
You must ensure that each board on the NE is of the mapping version by checking the engineering
document.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the inband DCN faults may be as follows:
l The communication between the NMS and the NE is interrupted. The NE icon on the NMS
is grey, and the NE is unreachable to the NMS.
l The operations on the NMS are not responded. If the response interruption time lasts for
more than two minutes, the communication between the NMS and the NE is interrupted.
l When you query certain information on the NMS, the query result contains incomplete
information.
Figure 3-6 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the inband DCN faults.

Figure 3-6 Flowchart for troubleshooting the inband DCN faults

Start
Whether
Whether Yes The communication Yes Reconnect the
the physical
the NE icon turns between the NMS and network cable or
connection is
grey the NE is interrupted optical fiber
interrupted
No
Whether Yes Enable

the DCN port is
the DCN port
disabled
No
No Handle the alarms

Whether Yes related to the optical
the receive signals
power, fibers, and
are lost
cables
No
Whether Yes
the board is Replace the board
faulty
Whether
Yes The bandwidth Increase the bandwidth
the NMS query
configured for the DCN configured for the inband
information is
tunnel is too small DCN tunnel
lost
No
Whether
Yes Wait until the reset
the NMS operation The system control
of the system control
command is not board is restting
board is complete
responded
No
Whether fault
is rectified
Yes
End
engineers

l When the NE fails to communicate with the NMS, other NEs that communicate with the
NMS through this NE become unreachable to the NMS, if they cannot be connected to the
NMS in other manners. The other NEs are not affected.
l If the physical channel that carries the inband DCN is faulty, the other services carried in
this physical channel are affected.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the inband DCN faults may be due to the following
causes:
l Cause 1: On a network, the NE IDs, NE IP addresses or subnet masks conflict.
l Cause 2: The inband DCN port of the faulty NE is not enabled.

l Cause 3: The physical connection between the faulty NE and the NMS is interrupted.
l Cause 4: The received signals of the faulty NE are lost, or the received optical power is
excessively low, and thus the DCN packets cannot be extracted.
l Cause 5: The board is faulty.
l Cause 6: A DCN storm or DCN interruption occurs as the third-party network that the DCN
packets traverse is faulty.
l Cause 7: The bandwidth configured for the inband DCN channel is excessively small.
l Cause 8: The board on the faulty NE is being reset or the active/standby switching of boards
is performed, and thus the inband DCN packets cannot be responded.

U2000
Precautions
CAUTION
Before locating the faults, you should check whether each board on the NE is of the mapping
version. If a board is not of the mapping version, replace the board in time.
NOTE
When handling the inband DCN faults, perform the following operations:
l If the NE communication is interrupted, you should handle the faults of the gateway NE, and then
handle the faults of the non-gateway NEs.
l If the NE communication is not interrupted, handle the faults of the non-gateway NEs first, and then
handle the faults of the gateway NE. Hence, the non-gateway NEs are prevented from being unreachable
to the NMS.
NOTE
If the NE is unreachable by the NMS, you can use other tools to try to log in the NE.
l If the NE can be logged in, it indicates that the communication with the NE is normal and the fault
may be caused by the NMS. Inform the maintenance personnel of NMS to handle the fault.
l If the login fails, you can directly connect the ETH port of the NE by a PC machine. If the
communication is normal, the fault may occurs on the link between the NE and NMS. Or else, the
equipment is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: On a network, the NE IDs, NE IP addresses or subnet masks conflict.
1. It usually caused by the new NE on the network. According to the NE plan table, check
whether the NE ID, NE IP address and subnet mask of the new NE are correctly
configured.
2. If any parameter is incorrect or it conflicts with the configuration of another NE, re-
configure these parameters.
l Cause 2: The inband DCN port of the faulty NE is not enabled.
1. Check whether the ports, which support the DCN function by default, are connected
with the fibers or cables. If not, change the present port to a port whose DCN function

is enabled by default. Availability provides the information about the ports of OptiX
RTN 950 whose DCN function is enabled by default.
2. Check whether the ports at the two ends of the link are enabled. If not, enable the
inband DCN port. For details, see Enabling the Port DCN in the Feature
Description manual.
3. Check whether the configuration of the ports at the two ends are consistent, such as
the working mode of the Ethernet port. If inconsistent, modify the configuration to
match each other.
l Cause 3: The physical connection between the faulty NE and the NMS is interrupted.
1. Check whether the network cables or fibers of the faulty NE are disconnected from
the ports. If the network cables or fibers are disconnected from the ports, insert the
network cables or fibers again.
l Cause 4: The received signals of the faulty NE are lost, or the received optical power is
excessively low, and thus the DCN packets cannot be extracted.
1. Check whether the R_LOS, ETH_LOS, or IN_PWR_ABN alarm exists on the board
configured with the inband DCN channel. For details, see 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board. Clear these alarms.
1. Check whether the HARD_BAD alarm exists on the board configured with the inband
DCN channel.
2. If the alarm exists, replace the board that reports the alarm. For details, see 5 Replacing
Components.
l Cause 6: A DCN storm or DCN interruption occurs as the third-party network that the DCN
packets traverse is faulty.
1. If the DCN packets traverse a third-party network, check whether port loops or
physical link interruption occurs in the third-party network.
2. If yes, rectify the faults in the third-party network first.
l Cause 7: The bandwidth configured for the inband DCN channel is excessively small.
1. When the number of services configured on the port exceeds a certain number, part
of the query information may be lost. In this case, you should properly increase the
bandwidth configured for the inband DCN channel. For details, see Setting the VLAN
ID and Bandwidth Used by an Inband DCN in the Feature Description manual.
l Cause 8: The board on the faulty NE is being reset or the active/standby switching is
performed, the inband DCN packets cannot be responded.
1. Observe whether the PROG indicator on the system control board is blinking in green.
If the indicator is blinking in green, it indicates that the system control board is in the
reset state. After the PROG indicator is always on in green, the reset of the system
control board is complete and the DCN connection is automatically recovered.
NOTE
If the active/standby switching occurs on the system control board, a warm reset is performed
on Active Board.
2. If the DCN response does not recover, check whether the protection switching occurs
on other boards. If other boards are switched, the inband DCN packets are in the
rerouting state. For details, see 7.24 Querying Protection Configuration.
3. If the protection switching occurs on the boards, after the DCN rerouting is complete,
the response is automatically recovered.

----End
3.8 LAG Troubleshooting

This section describes the LAG faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
Symptoms
The symptoms of the LAG faults may be as follows. See Table 3-7. If the alarms reported by
the equipment are cleared, the faults are rectified.
Table 3-7 List of common symptoms of the LAG faults

The LAG is invalid, all the LAG_DOWN CXPR

member ports cannot be used,
and the services are
interrupted.
The member ports in the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN CXPR

LAG cannot be used, and the
packet of the service are lost. LOOP_ALM AUXQ, EF8T, EF8F, EM6T,
EM6F, or EG2
ETH_LOS
ETH_LINK_DOWN
Figure 3-7 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the LAG faults.

Figure 3-7 Troubleshooting Flowchart

Start
Whether Yes Whether Yes

The link aggregation
the service is the LAG_DOWN
group is invalid
interrupted alarm exists
No
Whether Yes Whether the Yes The link aggregation

the packet loss occurs LAG_MEMBER_DOWN group member port
in the service alarm exists is invalid
Whether
Yes Modify the LAG
LAG configurations
configurations at the
at the two ends are
two ends of the NE
incorrect
No
Whether
Yes Modify the working
the working mode
mode of the port to
of the port is
full-duplex
half-duplex
No
Whether the Yes Release the port

Loopback-related
loopback status
alarm exists
No
Whether Rectify the port

the ETH_LOS or Yes connection fault,
ETH_LINK_DOWN and clear the
alarm exists related alarms
No
Whether fault
is rectified
Yes
End
engineers

l If the LAG is invalid, the service carried by the LAG is interrupted, but the services carried
by other channels are not affected.
l If the members in the LAG are invalid, in the load sharing mode, consistent packet loss
may occur because of insufficient bandwidth. If the LAG is in the non-load sharing mode,
the switching occurs in the link and the packets of the service are lost for a short time.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the LAG faults may be due to the following causes:
l Cause 1: The NEs at the two ends of the LAG are incorrectly configured.
l Cause 2: The working mode of the member ports in the LAG is set to half-duplex.

l Cause 3: The loopback is configured on the member ports in the LAG.

l Cause 4: The connection of the member ports in the LAG are improperly connected or
disconnected.

U2000
Procedure
l Cause 1: The NEs at the two ends of the LAG are incorrectly configured.
1. 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board, and check whether the LAG_DOWN or
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm exists.
2. Check whether the configurations of the NEs at the two ends of the LAG are consistent.
If the configurations are inconsistent, modify the configuration as the same, and then
check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, see Creating an LAG in the Feature
Description manual.
l Cause 2: The working mode of the member ports in the LAG is set to half-duplex.
1. Check whether the working mode of each member port in the LAG is set to half-
duplex. If the working mode is set to half-duplex, modify the working mode of the
port to full-duplex. For details, see 7.23 Querying and Setting the Working Mode
of Ethernet interface.
l Cause 3: The loopback is configured on the member ports in the LAG.
1. Check whether the LOOP_ALM alarm exists on each member port in the LAG group.
If yes, reconfigure the loopback status of the port to clear the LOOP_ALM alarm.
For details, see 7.9 Configuring Port Loopback.
l Cause 4: The connection of the member ports in the LAG are improperly connected or
disconnected.
1. Check whether the ETH_LOS or ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm exists on each member
port in the LAG.
2. If the alarm exists, clear the ETH_LOS or ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm.
----End
3.9 ML-PPP Troubleshooting

This section describes the ML-PPP faults such as service interruption, packet loss, or bit error
troubleshooting.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the ML-PPP faults may be as follows. See Table 3-8. If the alarms reported
by the equipment are cleared, the faults are rectified.

Table 3-8 List of common symptoms of the ML-PPP faults

The MP group is invalid, and MP_DOWN ML1, ML1A, or CD1

the service is interrupted.
The MP group member is PPP_LCP_FAIL or ML1, ML1A, or CD1

invalid, and the packets of the PPP_NCP_FAIL
service are lost.
R_LOS, MS_AIS or CD1
AU_AIS
HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ
TU_AIS_VC12 or
TU_AIS_VC12
T_ALOS ML1, or ML1A
The MP group member is MP_DELAY ML1, ML1A, or CD1

delayed, and the packets of
the service are lost.
Bit errors occur in the MP B1_EXC, B2_EXC, CD1

group. B3_EXC, or BIP_EXC
Figure 3-8 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the ML-PPP faults.

Figure 3-8 Flowchart for troubleshooting the ML-PPP faults

Start
Modify the
Whether Yes Whether Yes No
The MP group is configuration of the Replace the cable or
the service is the MP_DOWN alarm
invalid MP group, or restart board
interrupted exists
the ML-PPP protocol
No
Check and then

Whether Yes No
The signals at the rectify the fault of
the R_LOS or MS_AIS Replace the board
interface are lost fibers or optical
alarm exists
modules
No
No Whether Yes No
The higher order Modify the
the HP_SLM or Rectify the fault in
path or lower order configuration of the
TU_AIS_VC12 alarm the physical link
path is invalid signal flag C2
exists
No
Whether Yes No
Modify the port Re-configure the
the PPP_LCP_FAIL LCP/NCP protocol
configuration of the tunnel with a bigger
or PPP_NCP_FAIL negotiation fails
PPP link bandwidth
alarm exists
No
Whether Yes Yes The delay of the MP Increase the No

Whether
the packet loss group member maximum reserved Replace the fiber,
the MP_DELAY alarm
occurs in the exceeds the bandwidth for the MP cable, or board
exists
service threshold group
No
Whether Yes Whether the Yes The bit errors in the Adjust the optical No
Replace the cable,
bit errors occur in B1_EXC or B2_EXC service channel power to the normal
fiber, or board
the service alarm exists exceed the threshold range
No Whether fault
is rectified
Yes

End
engineers

l If the MP group is invalid, the carried service is interrupted, but the services carried by
other channels are not affected.
l If the MP group member is invalid, the bandwidth of this MP group is decreased, and thus
the packets of the service may lost.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the ML-PPP fault may be due to the following causes:
l Cause 1: The MP group is invalid.

l Cause 2: The received signals of the MP group member port are lost.
l Cause 3: The higher order path or lower order path is invalid.
l Cause 4: The negotiation of the protocols at the two ends of the MP group member fails.
l Cause 5: The MP group member delay exceeds the threshold.

l Cause 6: The number of bit errors in the service channel exceeds the threshold.

U2000, optical power meter
Procedure
l Cause 1: The MP group is invalid.
1. 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board, and check whether the MP_DOWN alarm
exists.
2. If yes, clear the MP_DOWN alarm.
l Cause 2: The received signals of the MP group member port are lost.
1. Check whether the R_LOS, MS_AIS or T_ALOS alarm exists in any member of the
MP group.
2. If yes, clear the R_LOS, MS_AIS or T_ALOS alarm.
l Cause 3: The higher order path or lower order path is invalid.
1. Check whether the HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ alarm exists in any member of the MP
group. If yes, clear the HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ alarm.
2. Check whether the TU_AIS_VC12 or TU_LOP_VC12 alarm exists in any member
of the MP group. If yes, clear the TU_AIS_VC12 or TU_LOP_VC12 alarm.
l Cause 4: The negotiation of the protocols at the two ends of the MP group member fails.
1. Check whether the PPP_LCP_FAIL or PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm exists in any member
of the MP group.
2. If yes, modify the configurations at the two ends of the MP group member to clear the
PPP_LCP_FAIL or PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm.
l Cause 5: The MP group member delay exceeds the threshold.
1. Check whether the MP_DELAY alarm exists in the MP group.
2. If yes, clear the MP_DELAY alarm.
l Cause 6: The number of bit errors in the service channel exceeds the threshold.
1. Check whether the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, B3_EXC, or BIP_EXC alarm exists in any
member of the MP group.
2. If yes, clear the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, B3_EXC, or BIP_EXC alarm.
----End
3.10 IMA Troubleshooting

This section describes the IMA faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system, possible
Symptoms
Table 3-9 lists the symptoms of the IMA faults. If the alarms reported by the equipment are
cleared, the faults are rectified.

Table 3-9 List of common symptoms of the IMA faults

The IMA group is invalid, IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN CD1, ML1, or ML1A

and the service is interrupted.
IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN
One IMA group member link ALM_IMA_LIF

is invalid, and the service on
the faulty link is shared by ALM_IMA_RFI
other member links. The ALM_IMA_LODS
IMA port is congested, and
the packets of the service are ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UN-
lost. USABLE
ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UN-
USABLE
Figure 3-9 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the IMA faults.

Figure 3-9 Flowchart for troubleshooting the IMA faults

Start
Whether
Whether
IMA_GROUP_LE_ Yes Yes Enable the IMA
The IMA group is the IMA protocols at
DOWN or IMA_GROUP_RE protocol at the two
invalid the two ends are
_DOWN alarm ends
disabled
exists
No
No
whether Modify the

Whether
ALM_IMA_LIF, ALM Yes The IMA group Yes configurations at the
the negotiation of the
_IMA_LODS, or ALM_IMA_ member link is two ends to the same,
two ends of the IMA
RE_RX_UNUSABLE invalid and enable the IMA
group fails
alarm exists protocol again
No
Whether the
Yes Modify the
interface attribute is
configuration of the
incorrectly
interface attribute
configured
No
Whether Yes
the hardware Clear the hardware
alarm exists on the alarm
board
No
Whether
Yes
the service alarm Clear the service
exists in the alarm on the IMA link
IMA link
No Whether fault
is rectified
Yes

End
engineers

l If the IMA group is invalid, the carried service is interrupted, but the services carried by
other channels are not affected.
l If an IMA member link is invalid, the service is shared by the other member links. When
the number of valid links of an IMA group is smaller than the minimum number of activated
links configured for the IMA group, the IMA group is invalid.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the IMA faults may be due to the following causes:
l Cause 1: The protocols at the two ends of the IMA group are not enabled.
l Cause 2: The negotiation of the two ends of the IMA group fail.
l Cause 3: The interface attribute of the IMA member link is incorrectly configured.
l Cause 4: Hardware faults exist on the board, and the IMA group members are invalid.

l Cause 5: Other service alarms exist in the IMA link.

U2000
Procedure
l Cause 1: The protocols at the two ends of the IMA group are not enabled.
1. 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board, and check whether the
IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN or IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN alarm exists.
2. Enable the protocol status at the two ends of the IMA group again. For details, see
Configuring Attributes of an ATM IMA Group in the Feature Description manual.
3. Check whether the ALM_IMA_LIF, ALM_IMA_RFI,
ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE, ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE, or
ALM_IMA_LODS alarm exists in the IMA group member link. If the alarm exists,
the IMA member links are invalid. In this case, clear the ALM_IMA_LIF,
ALM_IMA_RFI, ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE,
ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE, or ALM_IMA_LODS alarm.
l Cause 2: The negotiation of the two ends of the IMA group fail.
1. Check whether the configurations at the two ends of the IMA group are consistent. If
the configurations are inconsistent, reconfigure the parameters for the IMA group, and
enable the IMA protocol. For details, see Configuring Attributes of an ATM IMA
Group in the Feature Description manual.
l Cause 3: The interface attribute of the IMA member link is incorrectly configured.
1. Check whether the interface attribute of the IMA group is correctly configured. If the
interface attribute of the IMA group is incorrectly configured, reconfigure the attribute
of each interface, and enable the IMA protocol again. For details, see Configuring
ATM Interface Attributes in the Feature Description manual.
l Cause 4: Hardware faults exist on the board, and the IMA group members are invalid.
1. Check whether a hardware alarm such as HARD_BAD, COMMUN_FAIL, or
TEMP_OVER exists in the system. If the alarm exists, clear the HARD_BAD,
COMMUN_FAIL, or TEMP_OVER alarm.
2. Check whether the laser alarm such as IN_PWR_ABN, LSR_BCM_ALM, or
TEM_HA exists in the system. If the alarm exists, clear the IN_PWR_ABN,
LSR_BCM_ALM, or TEM_HA alarm.
l Cause 5: Other service alarms exist in the IMA link.
1. Check whether the R_LOS, MS_AIS, or T_ALOS alarm exists in the system. If the
alarm exists, clear the R_LOS, MS_AIS, or T_ALOS alarm.
2. Check whether the higher order path alarm such as HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ exists. If
the alarm exists, clear the HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ alarm.
3. Check whether the LP_SLM_VC12 or LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm exists in the
protection channel. If the alarm exists, the configurations of the two ends of the
channel are inconsistent. In this case, clear the LP_SLM_VC12 or
LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm.
----End

3.11 MPLS APS Troubleshooting

This section describes the MPLS APS faults in terms of the symptoms, impact on the system,
Symptoms
Table 3-10 lists the symptoms of the MPLS APS faults. If the alarms reported by the equipment
are cleared, the faults are rectified.
Table 3-10 List of common symptoms of the MPLS APS faults

The APS protection group is ETH_APS_PATH_MIS- CXPR

incorrectly configured, or the MATCH
APS frame cannot be
received. In this case, the ETH_APS_LOST
protection fails. ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL
ETH_APS_TYPE_MIS-
MATCH
When the working tunnel or MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV

bypass tunnel is faulty, the
switching fails. MPLS_TUNNEL_MIS-
MERGE
MPLS_TUNNEL_MIS-
MATCH
MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess
MPLS_TUNNEL_SD
MPLS_TUNNEL_SF
MPLS_TUNNEL_UN-
KNOWN
Figure 3-10 shows the flowchart for troubleshooting the MPLS APS faults.

Figure 3-10 Flowchart for troubleshooting the MPLS APS faults

Start
Modify the
Whether The working and Whether the
Yes Yes configurations, and
ETH_APS_PATH_ protection trails of configurations of the two
make sure that the
MISMATCH alarm the APS are ends on the NMS are
working and protection
exists inconsistent inconsistent
trails are consistent
No
Whether
the fibers or cables Yes Reconnect the fibers
No
are incorrectly or cables
connected
Modify the
Whether the
Whether Yes The APS frame of No configurations, and
configurations of the two
ETH_APS_LOST the bypass tunnel is make sure that the
ends on the NMS are
alarm exists lost working and protection
consistent
trails are consistent
Yes
Whether Activate the protocol

No
the protocol status of status at the two
the protection group is ends of the
activated protection group
Yes
Whether
Yes
the hardware alarm Rectify the board
such as HARD_BAD hardware fault
exists
No
Whether Yes Rectify the

the clock alarm such as
clock fault
TR_LOC exists
No
Whether
Yes
the tunnel-level alarm Rectify the fault of
exists in the bypass the bypass tunnel
tunnel
No
Whether fault
is rectified
Yes
Contact Huawei engineers End

When the APS protection group is invalid, the service cannot be protected. If the protected tunnel
is faulty, the service is interrupted.
Possible Causes
As shown in the troubleshooting flowchart, the MPLS APS faults may be due to the following
causes:
l Cause 1: The configurations at the two ends of the APS protection group are inconsistent.
l Cause 2: The protocols at the two ends of the APS protection group are in the inactive state.
l Cause 3: The optical fibers or cables are incorrectly connected.

l Cause 4: A hardware alarm exists on the board where the bypass tunnel resides, and thus
the APS frame cannot be transmitted.
l Cause 5: The clock alarms exist in the system.
l Cause 6: The working tunnel or bypass tunnel is faulty.

U2000
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configurations at the two ends of the APS protection group are inconsistent.
1. 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board, and check whether alarms such as
ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH or ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH exists.
2. If yes, clear the ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH or
ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH alarm.
l Cause 2: The protocols at the two ends of the APS protection group are in the inactive state.
1. Check whether the ETH_APS_LOST or ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm exists in
the APS protection group.
2. If yes, clear the ETH_APS_LOST or ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm.
l Cause 3: The optical fibers or cables are incorrectly connected.
1. Check whether the optical fibers or cables are correctly connected.
2. If not, correct the fiber or cable connection.
l Cause 4: A hardware alarm exists on the board where the bypass tunnel resides, and thus
the APS frame cannot be transmitted.
1. Check whether a hardware alarm such as the HARD_BAD, COMMUN_FAIL, or
BUS_ERR exists on the board where the APS bypass tunnel resides. If the alarm exists,
clear the HARD_BAD, COMMUN_FAIL, or BUS_ERR alarm, and then check
whether the switching can be normally performed in the APS protection group.
l Cause 5: The clock alarms exist in the system.
1. Check whether the clock alarm such as TR_LOC, SYNC_C_LOS, or LTI exists in
the system.
2. If yes, clear the TR_LOC, SYNC_C_LOS, or LTI alarm, and then check whether
the switching can be normally performed in the APS protection group.
l Cause 6: The bypass tunnel is faulty.
1. Check whether any tunnel-level alarms listed in Table 3-10 exist in the working tunnel
or bypass tunnel. If an alarm exist, it indicates that the protection capability of the very
tunnel fails. In this case, clear the alarm, and then check whether the switching can be
normally performed in the APS protection group.
----End
3.12 Troubleshooting Microwave Links

When an NE reports MW_LOF or MW_FEC_UNCOR due to failure or performance degrade
of a microwave link, there is a microwave link fault.

Context
The key to locating a microwave link fault is to check whether the transmit power and the receive
power are abnormal, and to check whether there is an external interference.
In the following two cases, the transmit power is abnormal. The first case is that the transmit
power exceeds the range that the ODU supports. The second case is that the difference between
the transmit power and the set value is more than 2 dB when the ATPC is disabled. The relevant
alarms and performance events are as follows:
l RADIO_TSL_HIGH
l RADIO_TSL_LOW
l TSL_CUR
l TSL_MAX
l TSL_MIN
NOTE
For a detailed description of the range of the transmit power, refer to the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System Product Description.
In the following two cases, the RSL is abnormal. The one case is that the receive power is lower
than the normal value (Normal value = Planned value - 3 dB). The second case is that the receive
power is lower than the receiver sensitivity or higher than the free space receive power due to
fading. The relevant alarms and performance events are as follows:
l RADIO_RSL_HIGH
l RADIO_RSL_LOW
l RSL_CUR
l RSL_MAX
l RSL_MIN
NOTE
For a microwave link on which the AM function is enabled, the receiver sensitivity refers to the receiver
sensitivity that guarantees the capacity.
For a detailed description of the receiver sensitivity, refer to the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
Product Description.
Generally, external interference is classified into co-channel interference and adjacent channel
interference.
l Co-channel interference is crosstalk from two different radio transmitters reusing the same
frequency channel. Therefore, the entire spectrum may be impaired.
l Adjacent channel interference is signal impairment to one frequency due to presence of
another signal on a nearby frequency. Therefore, a part of the spectrum is impaired.
Because interference is closely related to the frequency in use, the transmission over a microwave
link may be faulty in one direction only.

Fault Causes
Table 3-11 Causes of microwave link faults

Fault Common Fault Causes
The transmit power is abnormal. The ODU is faulty.
The receive power is always lower than the l The antenna direction is not properly
normal value. adjusted.
l The antennas have different polarization
directions.
l There is a mountain or obstacle in the
transmit direction.
l The antenna is faulty or the antenna and
the ODU are connected abnormally. For
example, the waveguide interface on the
ODU is wet, or the flexible waveguide is
loose.
l The ODU is faulty.
The receive power is abnormal due to slow There is an external interference.

up-fading.
The receive power is abnormal due to slow The fading margin is not sufficient.
down-fading.
The receive power is abnormal due to fast The multipath fading is fast.
fading.
The receive power is always normal, but the There is external interference.
microwave link becomes faulty occasionally.
NOTE
Depending on the received level, there is up fading and down fading.

l Up fading
The received level is higher than the value after free space fading. The difference can be 10-odd decibels.
l Down fading
The received level is lower than the value after free space fading. The difference can be tens of decibels.
Depending on the fading time, there is fast fading and slow fading.
l Fast fading
The fading duration time ranges from several milliseconds to tens of seconds.
l Slow fading
The fading duration time ranges from tens of seconds to several hours.
Because slow down fading and fast fading are imposed by the propagation paths, the microwave link may be
faulty in both directions.

Fault Locating Methods

1. Check whether the ODU is mute, powered off, or looped back. Check whether the data
configuration is correct.
2. Check whether the ODU and the IF board are faulty.
3. If the transmit power is abnormal, replace the ODU.
4. If the receive power is abnormal, check out the possible causes based on the fading type.
5. If the receive power is always normal, but the microwave link becomes faulty occasionally.
Check whether there is interference before you proceed.
6. If the transmit/receive power is normal, perform loopback operations.

Fault Locating Procedures
Figure 3-11 Flow of handling microwave link faults
Start
1 Yes
Is there a wrong
Cancel the operation
operation?
No
2 Is there an ODU or IF Yes

Handle the alarm
board related fault?
No
3
No
Normal transmit power? Handle the fault
Yes
4
The receive power Yes
always lower than the Handle the fault
ideal value?
No
5
Abnormal receive Yes
power caused by slow up- Handle the fault
fading?
No
6
power caused by slow Handle the fault
down-fading?
No
7
power caused by fast Handle the fault
fading?
No
8
Microwave link Yes
fault in one Handle the fault
direction?
No
9
No
Perform loopback operations Go to the next step Is the fault cleared?
Yes
End

Table 3-12 Flow description

Note Description
1 Handle Check the following points:

incorrect l Check whether the ODU is powered off.
operations.
l Check whether the ODU is muted.
l Check whether the IF board is looped back.
l Check whether the data configuration at the transmit end is the same as
the data configuration at the receive end.
l Check whether the data configuration matches the type of the ODU and
the hybrid coupler.
2 Handle Pay special attention to:

equipment l CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
faults.
l HARD_BAD
l TEMP_ALARM
l IF_INPWR_ABN
l RADIO_MUTE
l RADIO_TSL_HIGH
l RADIO_TSL_LOW
l RADIO_RSL_HIGH
l IF_CABLE_OPEN
3 Handle Replace the ODU.

theanomaly
of transmit
power.

Note Description
4 Handle the Follow the steps below:

anomaly that 1. If the RSL decreases dramatically and does not recover, check the
the receive installation of the antenna. Check whether the azimuth angle of the antenna
power is meets the requirement.
smaller than Check whether the antenna is aligned properly. Check whether the
the normal received signal is from the main lobe.
value.
If the antenna direction is not aligned properly, adjust the antenna in a wide
range.
2. If the RSL difference between the main and standby ODUs on one end of
a 1+1 HSB microwave link exceeds the range 0 to 9 dB (for the unbalanced
hybrid coupler) or the range 0 to 5 dB (for the balanced hybrid coupler),
perform 1+1 HSB switching or replace the ODUs and hybrid coupler to
narrow down the fault to a specific part.
3. If the RSL difference between the receive and transmit ends exceeds 10
dB, determine the faulty ODU by replacing the ODU.
4. Check whether the setting of the polarization direction of the antenna is
correct. Adjust wrong polarization direction.
5. Determine the faulty part by replacing the ODU or hybrid coupler.
6. Check whether there is a mountain or obstacle in the transmit direction.
7. Check whether the antenna gain at both the transmit and receive sides
meets the indexes. Replace unqualified antennas.
5 Handle the Follow the steps below:

up slow 1. Check whether there is co-channel interference.
fading fault.
1. Mute the opposite ODU.
2. Check the RSL at the local end. If the RSL exceeds - 90 dBm, you can
infer that there is co-channel interference that may impair the long-
term availability and performance of the system.
2. Use a spectrum analyzer to analyze the interference source.
3. Contact the spectrum management department to clear the interference
spectrum or change plans to reduce the interference.
6 Handle the Contact the network planning department to make the following changes:
down slow l Increase the installation height of the antenna.
fading fault.
l Reduce the transmission distance.
l Increase the antenna gain.
l Increase the transmit power.

Note Description
7 Handle the Contact the network planning department to make the following changes:
fast fading l Adjust the position of the antenna to block the reflected wave or make the
fault. reflection point fall on the ground that has a small reflection coefficient,
thus reducing the multipath fading.
l Adjust the RF configuration to make the links in the 1+1 SD configuration.
l For the links in the 1+1 SD configuration, adjust the height difference
between two antennas to make the receive power of one antenna much
stronger than that of another.
l Increase the fading margin, by replacing the original antennas with
antennas with a larger diameter or increasing the transmit power of the
original antennas.
8 Handle the The handling procedure is as follows:

interference 1. Check whether there is co-channel interference.
fault.
2. Check the RSL at the local end. If the RSL exceeds - 90 dBm, you can
infer that there is co-channel interference that may impair the long-
term availability and performance of the system.
2. Check whether there is adjacent channel interference.
2. Adjust the microwave working mode at the local end and use the
minimum channel spacing.
3. Decrease the received frequency at the local end by a half of the channel
spacing.
4. Test and record the RSL.
5. Increase the received frequency at the local end, with a step length of
0.5 MHz or 1 MHz, and record the RSL accordingly until the received
frequency is equal to the original received frequency plus a half of the
channel spacing.
6. Compare the recorded RSLs, and check whether the RSL in a certain
spectrum is abnormal if the received frequency is within the permitted
range.
3. Use a spectrum analyzer to analyze the interference source.
4. Contact the spectrum management department to clear the interference
spectrum or change plans to reduce the interference.

Note Description
9 Use the Follow the steps below:

loopback 1. Perform the inloop on the IF port.
method to
locate a fault. If the fault is not cleared after the loopback, replace the IF board.
2. Check whether the cable connector is made in accordance with
specifications. If not, make the connector again. For details, refer to
Quickly Installation Guide.
3. Check whether the IF cable is soggy, broken or pressed. If yes, replace the
IF cable.
4. Replace the ODU.
If the fault is cleared after the replacement, the original ODU is faulty.
Experience and Summary

l During the hop commissioning, you must well adjust the antenna direction. Hence, the
dormant problems for future maintenance can be avoided.
l You should periodically collect, analyze the change of the transmit power and receive
power, and eliminate the dormant problems in a timely manner.
3.13 Information Collection and Information Record

Collect information and record the information in a timely manner for locating and rectifying
the fault quickly.
When handling a fault, the maintenance personnel should record the fault phenomena, alarms,
performance events, and detailed handling process. The recorded information is helpful for
accurately locating the fault, and handling the fault accordingly. In this way, the faults cannot
persist in the network and lead to further problems in the operation stability of the network.
3.14 Fault Notification and Technical Support

During troubleshooting, you can inform Huawei of the faults and apply for technical support, if
necessary.
Contact Huawei Customer Service Center and notify the fault in the case of any difficulty in
locating or solving a problem.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
Zip code: 518129
Website: http://www.huawei.com/
Huawei Customer Service Center 24-hour hot line: 400-830-2118, 86-755-28560000
Huawei Customer Service Center fax: 86-755-28560111
Huawei Customer Service Center e-mail address: support@huawei.com

In the case of any serious accident on equipment, contact Huawei by phone or fax for technical
support.
If any replaced equipment component is returned to Huawei for repair, apply for a spare
component according to the service contract.
NOTE
The latest technical documents are available on the support website, which may help to analyze and solve
problems.
Website: http://support.huawei.com/

Maintenance Guide 4 Data Backup and Restoration
4 Data Backup and Restoration
About This Chapter
You can back up the U2000 data and the NE data in time so that the data can be quickly restored
after it is damaged and the data security can be ensured. This chapter describes several methods
to back up and restore data. You can select these methods as needed.
4.1 Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data
Back up the U2000 data in time for quick data restoration when the U2000 data is damaged.
4.2 Backing Up and Restoring the NE Data
To ensure security of the NE data, back up and restore the NE data in a timely manner.

4 Data Backup and Restoration Maintenance Guide
4.1 Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data

Back up the U2000 data in time for quick data restoration when the U2000 data is damaged.
4.1.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data
To maintain the data stored on the U2000, you can back up and restore all data in the database,
or script-based network configuration data.
4.1.2 Backing Up All Data in the U2000 Database
This section describes how to back up the U2000 database, and thus you can quickly restore the
data when the database is faulty.
4.1.3 Backing Up the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means of Scripts
Before upgrading the U2000, export the data stored in the U2000 databases and save the data
as a script file.
4.1.4 Restoring All Data of the U2000 Database
If any fault or error occurs on a database, you can restore the database from a backup record to
minimize the loss.
4.1.5 Restoring the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means of Scripts
When upgrade of the U2000 software is complete, restore the network configuration data from
the backup script files.
4.1.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring the U2000 Data

To maintain the data stored on the U2000, you can back up and restore all data in the database,
or script-based network configuration data.
Backing up and Restoring All Data in the U2000 database

The U2000, when initially installed, automatically creates the U2000 database. To back up the
U2000 database is to save the U2000 database as OS files.
The data for backup covers customization on the U2000, network-layer trail, NE configuration,
alarms, and performance events. In addition, the complete database structure, tables in the
database (system table and user table), table structure, and storage process are also backed up.
NOTE
Backup of the U2000 database excludes the following data:

l Data not stored on NEs, that is, data not uploaded
l User preferences of the system
Backing Up and Restoring Script-Based U2000 Network Configuration Data

Export or import the script files to back up or restore the U2000 network configuration data. The
script files are basic data for script import and export. When the U2000 is upgraded, importing
and exporting scripts is one way to achieve smooth upgrade of the configuration data. Table
4-1 lists the types of script files supported by the U2000 and data contained in each script file.

Table 4-1 Script files supported by the U2000

Script File File Naming Data Importable/
Type Rule Exportable or
Not
Networkwide None Is a collection of script files, Yes

configuration file which include the U2000
naming file, NE configuration
file, NE list file, and network-
layer information file. When
you export the network
configuration file, these script
files are all exported. To
import the networkwide
configuration file is to import
the NE configuration file and
U2000 naming file in sequence
according to the NEs
contained in the NE list file,
and then to import the
network-layer information
file.
NE port naming NEPort_extended Contains the naming Yes

file ID-basic ID_NE information of ports on the NE.
name.txt
NE configuration NEData_extende Is similar to the configuration Yes

file d ID-basic ID_NE information for the command
name.txt lines and contains all the data
used for setup and normal
operation of an NE. The data
covers the NE attributes,
service configuration, clock
attributes, board parameters,
protection attributes, board
version information, and board
manufacturing information.
NE list file NWNeList_NM Contains information about Yes

name.txt the NEs, U2000 version,
chassis, and physical IP
addresses. The U2000 naming
file and NE configuration file
are imported or exported in
sequence for NEs listed in this
file.

Script File File Naming Data Importable/

Type Rule Exportable or
Not
NMS computer NMInfo_NM Contains the configuration Exportable, but

information file name.txt information of the U2000 not importable
server, including the hardware
information, such as the OS
name and version, OS patch
version, physical memory,
CPU quantity and main
frequency, computer name, IP
address, database name and
version.
Service NWScvcData_N Contains data scripts for the Exportable, but

configuration file M name.txt system to provide transport not importable
services. This file covers the
NE attributes, slot layout,
board protection, protection
relation, service configuration,
protection subnet, and circuit
configuration.
Network-layer NWCfg_NM Contains network-layer Yes

information file name.txt configuration information,
covering the fiber/cable
connections, protection
subnets, and circuit
configuration.
Network None Contains the configuration Yes

simulation information about network
planning simulation planning.
information file
Comparison Among the Two Methods of Maintaining the U2000 Data

The features of the two methods of maintaining the U2000 data decide the application scenarios.
Table 4-2 lists the comparison among the two methods.

Table 4-2 Features and application scenarios of the two methods of maintaining data
Method Backup Feature Application Specific
Scenario Operation
Backing l Back up the structure and This method requires For details, see 4.1.2
up and contents of the U2000 the storage medium Backing Up All
restoring database. The data is in of large capacity. Data in the U2000
all data in binary. Tapes are Database and 4.1.4
the U2000 l All data is backed up. recommended for Restoring All Data
database regular backup. of the U2000
l This method features high Database.
processing speed and large Backs up all data.
size of the backup file. The processing
speed is fast, and the
backup file is big.
Backing l Export the configuration The U2000 of a later For details, see 4.1.3
up and data of the U2000 as a text version is compatible Backing Up the
restoring file, which stores data and is with the scripts for U2000 Network
script- easy to read. the U2000 of an Configuration Data
based l Not all data is backed up. earlier version. by Means of
U2000 The data backed up only Hence, this method Scripts and 4.1.5
network covers the general is generally adopted Restoring the
configurati configuration, port naming for upgrade of the U2000 Network
on data rule, and network U2000. Also, this Configuration Data
customization. method is applicable by Means of
to back up and Scripts.
l This method features high restore the general
processing speed and small configuration data of
size of the backup file. an NE, or to restore
the network
customization data.
Suggestion
l When you finish installing the U2000 for the first time, back up the U2000 database. One-
time backup is necessary if the database are not expanded. If sufficient capacity (10G or
more idle capacity) is available on the hard disk, back up the U2000 database by quarter.
Regularly back up the database in the case of sufficient capacity on the hard disk.
l Before backing up the data, upload the NE data, and perform the search of the protection
subnets and trails.
l To release capacity of the hard disk, clear the data previously backed up, after a new backup.
l To restore all data in the U2000 database, first shut down the U2000 server.
4.1.2 Backing Up All Data in the U2000 Database

This section describes how to back up the U2000 database, and thus you can quickly restore the
data when the database is faulty.

Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with "NM maintainer" authority or higher.
Background Information
The are two methods to back up the U2000 database: immediately backing up the U2000 data
and backing up the U2000 data in a scheduled manner.
Procedure
l Immediately backing up the U2000 data.
1. Choose Administration > Database > Database Backup from the main menu. Then,
the Backup dialog box is displayed.
2. Set the backup path on the server, and then click Backup. The U2000 database backup
starts and a dialog box is displayed showing the backup progress.
NOTE
l The default path to back up the database file is as follows:

l On UNIX and Linux, back up the database file to the /U2000/server/databasescripts/
dbbackup.
l On Windows, back up the database file to the \U2000\server.
l Customizing a backup path helps to avoid the affect of system reinstallation and disk
formatting on backup data. This improves the maintainability of the system.
l The backup path should be short, and cannot contain any space, punctuation, or Chinese
character.
l Backing up the U2000 data in a scheduled manner.
1. Choose Administration > Task Management > Schedule Task from the main menu
and the Schedule Task Management window is displayed.
NOTE
If no schedule task is available, a prompt Information dialog box appears. Click OK.
2. Click New and the Task Creation Wizard dialog box is displayed.
3. Select Database Backup as the task type and enter a name for the scheduled task.
Then click Next.
4. Select Database Backup(DUMP). Then click Next.
5. Select Back up the data to the local server or Back up the database to the remote
server.
If Back up the data to the local server is selected, enter a backup path on the
local server. Then click Next.
If Back up the database to the remote server is selected, enter the IP address,
user name, and password of a remote server, select a transmission mode, and enter
a backup path on the remote server. Then click Next.
6. Select the running period for the task. Then click Next.
NOTE
It is recommended that the task is executed on Weekly.

7. According to the running period of the task, select the start date, start time, weekly
running time, and weekly running day of the task.

8. Click Finish. Then the created scheduled task is displayed in the Schedule Task
Management window.
----End
4.1.3 Backing Up the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means

of Scripts
Before upgrading the U2000, export the data stored in the U2000 databases and save the data
as a script file.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 user must log in and display the Main Topology interface.
l You must be a U2000 user with "NM administrator" authority or higher.
l Before exporting the script file, check the consistency of the configuration data to ensure
data consistency between the U2000 and the NEs. For specific operations, see 7.7 Checking
Data Consistency Between an NE and the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Database > Import/Export Script File from the Main Menu and
the Import/Export Script File window is displayed.
Step 2 Select the file format, click Export and then select the script file type in Script File Type.
NOTE
l For types of exported script files, see Table 4-1 in 4.1.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring the
U2000 Data.
l To export a script containing networkwide configuration data, select Networkwide Configuration
File. The files exported to the specified directory are as follows:
l Networkwide Configuration File "NGCfg_NM name.txt"
l NE List File "NWNeList_NM name.txt"
l NE Port Naming File "NEPort_extended ID-basic ID_NE name.txt"
l NE Configuration File "NEData_extended ID-basic ID_NE name.txt"
Step 3 Select the NE for which you want to export script files from the Export NE List on the left.
NOTE
Specify the NEs for exporting Networkwide Configuration File, NE Port Naming File, NE
Configuration File, and NE List File.
Step 4 Click Create File Directory to create a directory to save the exported script files.
Step 5 Input the name of the newly created directory and click OK. The newly created directory will
be displayed automatically in the Operation Directory List area.

NOTE
The script files are saved on the U2000 server. For the Windows platform, the script files are backed up to
\U2000\server\script. For the UNIX platform, the script files are backed up to /U2000/server/script. For
both cases, the user can create sub-folders further.
Step 6 Select a directory and click Apply.

Step 7 Click OK in the displayed Confirm dialog box. A progress bar appears, indicating the progress
of exporting script files.
----End
4.1.4 Restoring All Data of the U2000 Database

If any fault or error occurs on a database, you can restore the database from a backup record to
minimize the loss.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 database must be already backed up.
l Before restoring a database, make sure that no user is connected to the database. Otherwise,
the database cannot be successfully restored. All the processes except the database backup
process are shut down through the System Monitor.
l The user is authorized to restore databases in the database set to be restored.
U2000 database restoration should be performed according to the following procedure.
Ste Operation Description

p
1 Shutting Down NMS Before restoring a database, you need to shut down all the
Service Processes processes that use the database except the database backup
process.
2 Restoring Backup After the process of database is stopped, you can restore the
Data database.
3 Starting NMS After the database is successfully restored, start the NMS
Service Processes processes previously shut down.
For more information, please refer to iManager U2000 Online Help.
Procedure
Step 1 Log in to the System Monitor.
Step 2 Choose System > Stop All NMS Services from the main menu and click OK in the displayed
Confirm dialog box.
Step 3 After the NMS service processes are shut down, click the Process tab. Then right-click the
database backup process and choose Start Process from the shortcut menu.

Step 4 Log in to the U2000.

NOTE
The default user name and password are both admin. If the password has been changed, enter the changed
password.
Step 5 Click Restore the U2000 data. Select Database Restoration (RESTORE) and click Next.
Step 6 Select the backup file and click Next.

l If Path to the file on the local server is selected, click Browse and select the path of the
backup data.
l If Path to the file on a remote server is selected, enter the IP address, user name, and
password of the remote server, select the transfer mode, and enter the path of the data to be
restored.

Step 7 The system starts the restoration preprocessing and data restoration, and displays the restoration
progress in a progress bar. Wait patiently until the restoration is complete. Click Finish.
Step 8 Log in to the System Monitor.
Step 9 Click the Process tab from the main menu. Then right-click the NMS process to be started and
choose Start Process from the shortcut menu.
NOTE
To start multiple processes, you can press Ctrl, select these processes, right-click them, and then choose
Start Process from the shortcut menu.
----End
4.1.5 Restoring the U2000 Network Configuration Data by Means

of Scripts
When upgrade of the U2000 software is complete, restore the network configuration data from
the backup script files.
Prerequisite
l You must be a U2000 user with "NM administrator" authority or higher.
l You must have the license for the U2000 script import.
Precautions
CAUTION
Before importing the script file, back up the U2000 database or the U2000 MO data. Then,
initialize the U2000 database. Finally, import the networkwide configuration script file. If
importing the script files fails, restore the data from the backup database or MO data.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Database > Import/Export Script File from the Main Menu.
Step 2 Select the file format, click Import and then select the script file type in Script File Type.
NOTE
Service Actualization Script and NM Computer Information File cannot be imported.
Step 3 In Operation Directory List, select the directory where the script file for importing is located.

Step 4 Select the script file to be imported from Import File List.
Step 5 Click Apply. The system prompts twice that importing the script files causes data inconsistency
between the U2000 and NE.
NOTE
When the script files are imported, deliver the configuration data from the U2000 to the NE for data
consistency. For specific operations, see Downloading NE Configuration Data.
Step 6 Click OK. A progress bar appears, indicating the progress of importing script files.
NOTE
The script files are saved on the U2000 server. For the Windows platform, the script files are backed up to
\U2000\server\script. For the UNIX platform, the script files are backed up to /U2000/server/script. For
both cases, the user can create sub-folders further.
----End
4.2 Backing Up and Restoring the NE Data

To ensure security of the NE data, back up and restore the NE data in a timely manner.
4.2.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring NE Data
Save important NE data during routine maintenance. In this way, if the system control board of
the NE loses data or the equipment is powered off, the NE data can be restored for normal
operation of the NE. This section describes certain methods of backing up and restoring NE data.
Select a proper method as required.
4.2.2 Backing Up the NE Database to the System Control Board
During routine maintenance, back up the NE database for restoring data when the system control
board loses data or the equipment power-off is unexpectable. To back up the NE database to the
system control board is to back up the NE data to the flash of the system control board. When
the NE restarts after a power failure, the system control board automatically reads the
configuration data from the flash and delivers the configuration data to other boards.
4.2.3 Backing Up the NE Database to the CF Card
board loses data or the equipment power-off is unexpectable. You can back up the NE database
to the CF card.
4.2.4 Backing Up the NE Database to a Local Server
To improve the security of the NE database and prevent the loss of the database files due to an
NE fault, you need to back up the NE database. Periodic backup of the database files is
recommended. You can back up the database files to NMS server or NMS client.
4.2.5 Restoring the NE Database from the System Control Board
If the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can restore the NE database
from the backup database file on the system control board.
4.2.6 Restoring the NE Database from the CF Card
When the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can restore the NE
database from the backup database file on the CF card of the system control board.
4.2.7 Recovering the NE Database from a Local Server
If the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can recover the NE database

4.2.1 Methods of Backing Up and Restoring NE Data

Save important NE data during routine maintenance. In this way, if the system control board of
the NE loses data or the equipment is powered off, the NE data can be restored for normal
operation of the NE. This section describes certain methods of backing up and restoring NE data.
Select a proper method as required.
Comparison Among the Methods of Backing Up and Restoring NE Data

In the case of backup and restoration, the NE data can be saved on the system control board, CF
card, or local server. The methods of backing up and restoring NE data are specific to where the
NE data is saved. For details, see Table 4-3.
Table 4-3 Methods of backing up and restoring NE data and their application scenarios
Backup and Application Scenario Specific Operation
Restoration Method
Back up NE data to or This method is applicable to the For details, see 4.2.2 Backing
restore NE data from system control board not Up the NE Database to the
the system control configured with any CF card. System Control Board and
board. l Back up NE data in the 4.2.5 Restoring the NE
DRDB to the flash of the Database from the System
system control board. Control Board.
l To restore NE data, the
system resets (warm) the
system control board, reads
the configuration data stored
in flash, and delivers the
configuration data to other
boards.
Back up NE data to or This method is applicable to the For details, see 4.2.3 Backing
restore NE data from system control board configured Up the NE Database to the CF
the CF card. with a CF card. Card and 4.2.6 Restoring the
l Back up the NE data in the NE Database from the CF
DRDB to the CF card. Card.
l To restore the NE database,
copy the NE database from
the CF card to the flash of the
system control board. After
reset (warm), the system
control board reads
configuration data in the
flash and delivers the
configuration data to other
boards.

Backup and Application Scenario Specific Operation

Restoration Method
Back up NE Back up NE configuration data For details, see Backing Up the

configuration data to to the computer where the NE Configuration Data to a
or restore NE U2000 server or client is Local Server and 4.2.7
configuration data installed. Recovering the NE Database
from the local server. from a Local Server.
NOTE
You can also specify a remote server for restoring the NE databases. For specific operations, see the
iManager U2000 Operation Guide for RTN NE Management.
NE Database
NE configuration data is stored in the NE databases on the system control board. The types of
NE databases are as follows:
l Memory database (MDB): The data in this database varies with the configuration
information, and is lost when the system control board is reset or powered off.
l Dynamic random database (DRDB): This database automatically stores data that is verified.
l Flash database (FDB): FDB is divided into FDB0 and FDB1. The data in FDB is copied
from DRDB and can be stored permanently.
The NE configuration data, when delivered, is first stored in MDB. Then, the data is verified. If
the data passes the verification, the system control board automatically copies data from MDB
to DRDB and delivers the generated configuration data to other boards. Data needs to be copied
from DRDB to FDB, which then backs up DRDB.
When the NE restarts upon a power failure, the system control board checks for configuration
data in DRDB. In the case of any configuration data in DRDB, the system control board restores
data from DRDB; in the case any damage to the configuration data in DRDB, the system control
board restores data from FDB0 and FDB1.
NE Configuration Data
The NE configuration data refers to the information in DRDB of the NE, such as the board
configuration, clock configuration, and protection relations of the NE. The NE configuration
data is the instruction file of the NE and the key for the NE to normally operate in the entire
network.
NE Database Package
The NE database package indicates a collection of all database files on an NE. A file list defines
and manages those files in the package.
The NE database package contains the same data as the NE configuration data. The data is called
differently for different NE releases. In the case of an NE of release 5.00.06 or later, you can
back up and restore the NE database package.

4.2.2 Backing Up the NE Database to the System Control Board

board loses data or the equipment power-off is unexpectable. To back up the NE database to the
system control board is to back up the NE data to the flash of the system control board. When
the NE restarts after a power failure, the system control board automatically reads the
configuration data from the flash and delivers the configuration data to other boards.
Prerequisite
l You must log in to the NE as an NE user of the system level.
l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and Network Operator" authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Configuration Data Management from the Main Menu. The
NE Configuration Data Management window is displayed.
Step 2 In the Object Tree on the left, select an NE and click .

Step 3 Select one or more NEs from Configuration Data Management List.
Step 4 Choose Back Up NE Data > Back Up Database to SCC. Click OK in the displayed
Confirm to start the backup.
Step 5 Click Close in the displayed Operation Result dialog box to complete the operation.
----End
4.2.3 Backing Up the NE Database to the CF Card

board loses data or the equipment power-off is unexpectable. You can back up the NE database
to the CF card.
Prerequisite
l You must log in to the NE as an NE user with "System Level" authority.
l You must be an NM user with "NE and Network Operator" authority or higher.
l The system control board is configured with a CF card.
Procedure
Step 2 Select an NE from the Object Tree, and then click .

Step 3 Select one or more NEs from Configuration Data Management List.
Step 4 Click Back Up NE Data > Manually Back Up Database to CF Card. Click OK to start the
backup.
Step 5 In the displayed Operation Result dialog box, click Close.
----End

4.2.4 Backing Up the NE Database to a Local Server

To improve the security of the NE database and prevent the loss of the database files due to an
NE fault, you need to back up the NE database. Periodic backup of the database files is
recommended. You can back up the database files to NMS server or NMS client.
Prerequisite
l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and Network Maintainer" authority or higher.
l The NE must be created on the U2000.
l The computer where the U2000 is installed must be able to normally communicate with
the NE.
l The FTP/HFCP/SFTP server is configured and the FTP/HFCP/SFTP service is started.
l The updated NE database must be backed up to the system control board.
Context
l Backup operation can be performed on multiple devices of the same device type.
l On selecting the device type in the device tree, all the devices and the device type versions
related to the device type is displayed in the NE View table.
l The files are backed up from the server can be viewed in the Backup Information tab.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Data Backup/Restoration from
the Main Menu to open the NE View tab. The device types are displayed.
Step 2 Select and right-click the device(s) that you want to backup in the table, and click Backup.
Step 3 In the displayed Backup dialog box, select backup to NMS Server or NMS Client.
l If the NMS Server is selected, the database file is stored on the NMS server.
l If the NMS Client is selected, the database file is stored on the NMS client and you need to
click to select the location where the device data have to be backed up.
Step 4 Click Start and the backup processing information is displayed in the NE View area.
----End
Result
The selected NE database is successfully backed up.
4.2.5 Restoring the NE Database from the System Control Board

If the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can restore the NE database
Prerequisite
l You must log in to the NE as an NE user with "system level" authority.

l The NE Database must be backed up to the system control board.
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click an NE on the Main Topology to display the Running Status slot layout.
Step 2 Right-click a board and select Warm Reset.
Step 3 In the displayed dialog box, click OK to finish restoring the NE database.
----End
4.2.6 Restoring the NE Database from the CF Card

When the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can restore the NE
database from the backup database file on the CF card of the system control board.
Prerequisite
l The system control board must be configured with a CF card and the NE database must be
backed up to the CF card.
Procedure
Step 1 Press and hold the CF RCV button on the system control board for eight seconds until the PROG
indicator blinks. Then, the system control board automatically restores the NE database from
the CF card.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
When the restoration is complete, the system control board resets automatically, to delivers the
configuration data to other boards again.
4.2.7 Recovering the NE Database from a Local Server

If the database file is lost due to NE maintenance or an NE fault, you can recover the NE database
Prerequisite
l The NE must be created on the U2000.
l The computer where the U2000 is installed must be able to normally communicate with
the NE.
l The database package for recovering is available. Only the data backed up when the NE is
in the running state can be restored to the NE.
l The FTP/HFCP/SFTP server is configured and the FTP/HFCP/SFTP service is started.

l You cannot perform the Recover operation for devices of different device types.
l On selecting the device type in the device tree, all the device information related to the
device type is displayed in the Device View table.
Precautions
CAUTION
Before recovering the NE database file to the NE, make sure that the database file for restoration
is correct; otherwise, services are interrupted.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Data Backup/Restoration from
the Main Menu to open the NE Data Backup/Restoration tab. The device types are displayed
in the device tree on the left.
Step 2 Select and right-click the device(s) that you want to backup in the right NE View area, and click
Recover to open the Recover dialog box.
Step 3 Select the file to be recovered from the File Name drop-down list. If the file is not listed, click
Browse to display the Select File dialog box.
Step 4 Select the file from NMS Server or NMS Client to recover.
l If the NMS Server is selected, select the file to be recovered from the NMS Server. The
selected file path is displayed in the Select File dialog.

l If the NMS Client is selected, click to select the file to be recovered from the NMS
Client. The selected file path is displayed in the following Selected File dialog.
Step 5 Click OK. The selected file path from the NMS Server or NMS Client is displayed in the File
Name drop-down list.
Step 6 Click Start and click Yes in the displayed Operation Confirmation dialog box. The processing
information is displayed in the Device View area.
NOTE
When the restoration is complete, the following information will be displayed in the Device View area.
Step 7 Right-click the device icon and click Activation Database to activate the database file which
is just restored.

----End
Result
The selected NE's database is successfully recovered.

Maintenance Guide 5 Replacing Components
5 Replacing Components
About This Chapter
Component replacement refers to the replacement of a board or component for purpose of

maintaining or expanding capacity for the equipment. This operation, though done on the
equipment site, requires support from the U2000.
5.1 Replacing the CXPR with the 1+1 Protection
When the CXPR becomes faulty or during capacity expansion, the board needs to be replaced.
This section describes replacement of the CXPR with the 1+1 protection in terms of prerequisite,
impact on system, precautions, tools, and operation procedure.
5.2 Replacing the CXPR Without the 1+1 Protection
This section describes replacement of the CXPR not configured with the 1+1 protection in terms
of prerequisite, impact on system, precautions, tools, and operation procedure.
5.3 Replacing the Processing Boards
The processing boards include the EF8T, EF8F, EG2, EM6T, EM6FCD1, ML1, and ML1A.
When a processing board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the board needs to
be replaced. This section describes replacement of a processing board in terms of prerequisite,
5.4 Replacing the IF Board
When the IFE2 board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the IFE2 board needs
to be replaced. This topic describes the replacement of the IFE2 board in terms of prerequisite,
5.5 Replacing the FAN Board
When the FAN board becomes faulty or during capacity expansion, the FAN board needs to be
replaced. This section describes replacement of the FAN board in terms of prerequisite, impact
on system, precautions, tools, and operation procedure.
5.6 Replacing the PIU Board
When the PIU board becomes faulty or during capacity expansion, the PIU board needs to be
replaced. This section describes replacement of the PIU board in terms of prerequisite, impact
5.7 Replacing the AUXQ Board

5 Replacing Components Maintenance Guide
When an AUXQ board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the AUXQ board needs
to be replaced. This section describes replacement of the AUXQ board in terms of prerequisite,
5.8 Replacing the Chassis
The entire case-shaped equipment needs to be replaced when the backplane of chassis becomes
faulty, or the equipment is severely damaged by external force. This section describes
replacement of the chassis in terms of prerequisite, impact on system, precautions, tools, and
operation procedure.
5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module
This section provides information on how to replace the pluggable optical module. When the
optical module becomes faulty, it needs to be replaced in time. So, the optical interface can work
normally.
5.10 Replacing the ODU
The method of replacing the ODU with the waveguide interface is different from the method of
replacing the ODU with the coaxial interface.
5.11 Replacing the IF Cable
This topic describes how to replace an IF cable.

5.1 Replacing the CXPR with the 1+1 Protection

This section describes replacement of the CXPR with the 1+1 protection in terms of prerequisite,
Prerequisite
l The 1+1 board protection group must be available.
l The standby CXPR board is in service and works normally.
Impact on System
If the CXPR is configured with the 1+1 protection, replacing the faulty CXPR board does not
affect services when the switching is normally performed.
Precautions
Before replacing the CXPR, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
CAUTION
When replacing a board, make sure that the board is not connected to any cables. The cable
connectors must be properly enveloped to avoid short circuit.

Anti-static bag, ESD wrist strap, U2000, crosshead screwdriver
Procedure
Step 1 Ensure that the spare board is the same as the board to be replaced with respect to the name,
model, and software version.
Step 2 Query the current alarms of the board. When the replacement is complete, you can check whether
the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are generated. For details, see 7.2 Querying
Step 3 Query whether the 1+1 protection switching occurs on the board. For details, see 7.24 Querying
Protection Configuration.
l If the slot and the board name of the faulty board is displayed in Active Board, it indicates
that the protection switching does not occur. Go to Step 4.
l If the slot and the board name of the faulty board is not displayed in Active Board, it
indicates that the 1+1 protection switching is complete. Go to Step 5.
Step 4 On the U2000, perform the 1+1 protection switching for the faulty CXPR board.

Step 5 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to remove the faulty CXPR board. For specific
operations, see 7.20 Replacing Boards on Site.
NOTE
l When the replacement is complete, the PROG indicator on the newly inserted CXPR board flashes
green, indicating that the board software is being loaded. This process will take about 5 minutes.
l CXPR will restore the original configuration data from the active board after the board software is
successfully loaded. This process will take about 5 minutes.
Step 6 Optional: On the U2000, cancel the board 1+1 protection switching.
NOTE
If the recovery of the board working/protection state is faulty, the working and protection boards may be
in the backup state. In this case, wait for at least 5 min, and then perform the recovery operation.
Step 7 Check whether the fault is rectified.

1. Check indicators of the newly inserted CXPR board. If any indicator flashes abnormally,
remove and then insert the board, or replace the board.
2. Query the board alarms. Make sure that the alarms generated by the original faulty board
are cleared.
----End
5.2 Replacing the CXPR Without the 1+1 Protection

This section describes replacement of the CXPR not configured with the 1+1 protection in terms
of prerequisite, impact on system, precautions, tools, and operation procedure.
Prerequisite
Impact on System
Replacing the CXPR interrupts services for about 15 minutes.
Precautions
Before replacing the CXPR, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
CAUTION
When replacing a board, make sure that the board is not connected to any cables. The cable
connectors must be properly enveloped to avoid short circuit.


Procedure
Step 1 Make sure that the spare board is the same as the board to be replaced with respect to the name,
model, and parameters.
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the CXPR. When the replacement is complete, you can
check whether the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are generated. For specific
operations, see 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
Step 3 Query and record the current NE user. When the board replacement is complete, restore data
about the login NE user.
1. Right-click the target NE and choose NE Explorer. The NE Explorer window is displayed.
2. Choose Security > NE Login Management from the Function Tree on the left.
3. Check the NE Login Management Table on the right, and record the current login NE
user.
Step 4 Back up the NE database to the CF card. When the replacement is complete, you can restore the
NE database in time. For details, refer to 4.2.3 Backing Up the NE Database to the CF
Card.
Step 5 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to draw out the CXPR board, move the CF card to the
spare CXPR board, and insert the spare CXPR board into the chassis. For specific operations,
refer to 7.20 Replacing Boards on Site and the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
IDU Quick Installation Guide manual.
Step 6 Press and hold the CF RCV button of the CXPR board for 5 seconds to restore the NE database
from the CF card.
NOTE
l In the process of restoring NE database, the PROG indicator on the CXPR flashes green.
l When the STAT and PROG indicators on the CXPR stay green without flashing, it indicates that the
NE database is completely restored and the board is working normally. In this case, you can perform
operations on the U2000. Otherwise, re-insert the CXPR or replace it with another spare CXPR if
necessary.
l The process of restoring NE database will take about 5 minutes.
Step 7 Use the NE user which is recorded in the step 3 and log in the U2000.
Step 8 Check whether the original alarms are cleared and no alarms are generated. If yes, it indicates
that the board replacement is successful.
----End
5.3 Replacing the Processing Boards

The processing boards include the EF8T, EF8F, EG2, EM6T, EM6FCD1, ML1, and ML1A.
When a processing board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the board needs to
be replaced. This section describes replacement of a processing board in terms of prerequisite,
Prerequisite

Impact on System
Replacing a processing board interrupts the service on the board for about 3 - 5 minutes.
Precautions
Before replacing a processing board, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
DANGER
Avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beam launched from the optical interface board or from
inside the fiber, for the laser beam may cause permanent damage to the eyes.
WARNING
l When replacing a processing board, make sure that the board is not connected to any fiber
jumpers or cables.
l The optical interface and the fiber jumper connector must be clean. Seal the jumper connector
in protection cap.
l The cable connectors must be properly sealed to prevent short circuit.
Tools, Meters, and Materials

Procedure
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the processing board. When the replacement is complete,
you can check whether the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are generated. For
specific operations, see 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
Step 3 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to remove the faulty processing board. For specific
NOTE
All the processing boards support hot plugging. When the board replacement is complete, the new
processing board is in the process of initialization and sets up service connections automatically. This
process will take each board about one minute.
Step 4 Check indicators of the newly inserted processing board. If any indicator flashes abnormally,
remove and then insert the board, or replace the board the second time. For more details on the
indicators of boards, see the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System IDU Hardware
Description..

----End
5.4 Replacing the IF Board

When the IFE2 board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the IFE2 board needs
to be replaced. This topic describes the replacement of the IFE2 board in terms of prerequisite,
Prerequisite
l The location of the board to be replaced must be specified.
l The service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced must be specified.
l A spare board must be prepared, and the version and type of the spare board must be the
same as those of the board to be replaced.
Impact on System
When the equipment is configured with IF 1+1 protection, replacing the IFE2 board does not
affect services if the switching is normally performed.
When the current active board is replaced, the active/standby switching may cause service
interruption.
Precautions
Before you replace the IF board, be sure to turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board.

l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the IF board by referring to Querying the Current Alarms of a
Board, and record the alarms.
Step 2 Optional: If the microwave service is provided with 1+1 protection, be sure to switch the service
to the protection IF board.
1. Perform the task described in Querying the Working State of the IF 1+1 Protection
Group.
2. If the board to be replaced acts as the working board instead of the protection board and
the protection channel is in the normal or SD state, performed forced switching.
Step 3 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board to be replaced.
Step 4 Replace the IF board by referring to Replacing Boards On Site.

Step 5 After the board starts to work, observe the indicators on the board.
The STAT indicator should be lit green.
Step 6 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board.
Step 7 Repeat Step 1.

There should be no new alarms.
Step 8 Optional: If you have performed forced switching earlier between the radio links, release the
switching through the NMS.
----End
5.5 Replacing the FAN Board

When the FAN board becomes faulty or during capacity expansion, the FAN board needs to be
replaced. This section describes replacement of the FAN board in terms of prerequisite, impact
Prerequisite
Impact on System
If the FAN becomes faulty, replace it in a timely manner; otherwise, the equipment may become
faulty because of poor heat dissipation.
Precautions
Before replacing the FAN board, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
WARNING
When the FAN board is removed, do not touch the rotating fan leaves.

Anti-static bag, ESD wrist strap, U2000
Procedure
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the FAN board. When the replacement is complete, you
can check whether the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are generated. For specific

Step 3 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to remove the faulty FAN board. For specific operations,
see 7.20 Replacing Boards on Site.
Step 4 Verify that the FAN board is successfully replaced.
1. When the board replacement is complete, check whether the FAN indicator on the new
board stays on and green. If not, re-insert the FAN board or replace it with another spare
FAN board if necessary.
2. Query alarms of the board. Make sure that the original alarms of the FAN board are cleared
and no new alarms are generated.
----End
5.6 Replacing the PIU Board

When the PIU board becomes faulty or during capacity expansion, the PIU board needs to be
replaced. This section describes replacement of the PIU board in terms of prerequisite, impact
Prerequisite
Impact on System
If the PIU boards are of 1+1 hot backup, replacing one PIU board does not affect the services.
Precautions
WARNING
When replacing the PIU board, turn off the switch on the power supply device connected to the
PIU board and then remove all cables connected to the PIU board.

Anti-static bag, ESD wrist strap, U2000
Procedure
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the system. When the replacement is complete, you can
Step 3 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to turn off the switch on the power supply device
connected to the PIU board. For specific operations, see 7.22 Powering Off the Equipment.

CAUTION
Turn off the correct switch that corresponds to the PIU board to be replacement.
Step 4 Remove the power connectors of the faulty PIU board. Then, replace the faulty PIU board. For
specific operations, see 7.20 Replacing Boards on Site.
Step 5 Power on the new PIU board. For specific operations, see 7.21 Powering On the Equipment.
Step 6 Verify that the PIU board is successfully replaced.

1. Observe the indicators of all boards after the chassis is replaced. If any indicator flashes
abnormally, re-insert the PIU board or replace it with another spare one if necessary.
2. Query alarms of the system. Make sure that the original alarms are cleared and no new
alarms are generated.
----End
5.7 Replacing the AUXQ Board

When an AUXQ board becomes faulty or capacity expansion is required, the AUXQ board needs
to be replaced. This section describes replacement of the AUXQ board in terms of prerequisite,
Prerequisite
Impact on System
Replacing the AUXQ board interrupts the service on the AUXQ board for about 3 minutes.
Precautions
Before replacing the AUXQ board, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
WARNING
When replacing a board, make sure that the board is not connected to any cable. The cable
connectors must be properly sealed to prevent short circuit.


Procedure
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the AUXQ board. When the replacement is complete,
you can check whether the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are generated. For
specific operations, see 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
Step 3 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to remove the faulty AUXQ board. For specific
NOTE
The AUXQ board support hot plugging. When the board replacement is complete, the new AUXQ board
is in the process of initialization and sets up service connections automatically. This process will take about
one minute.
Step 4 Check the STAT, SRV and LINK indicators stay on and green. If not, re-insert the AUXQ board
or replace it with another spare AUXQ board if necessary.
----End
5.8 Replacing the Chassis

The entire case-shaped equipment needs to be replaced when the backplane of chassis becomes
faulty, or the equipment is severely damaged by external force. This section describes
replacement of the chassis in terms of prerequisite, impact on system, precautions, tools, and
operation procedure.
Prerequisite
Impact on System
Replacing the chassis interrupts services for about 30 minutes, because the equipment has to be
powered off during the replacement.
Precautions
Before replacing the chassis, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment.
DANGER
Avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beam launched from the optical interface board or from
inside the fiber, for the laser beam may cause permanent damage to the eyes.

WARNING
l When replacing a processing board, make sure that the board is not connected to any fiber
jumpers or cables.
l The optical interface and the fiber jumper connector must be clean. Seal the jumper connector
in protection cap.

Procedure
Step 1 Make sure that the spare chassis is the same as the chassis to be replaced with respect to the
name, model, and appearance.
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms of the system. When the replacement is complete, you can
Step 3 Record every board's present slot, and the fiber or cable connections of interfaces on the boards.
When the chassis replacement is complete, recover the fiber or cable connections.
Step 4 Ask the on-site maintenance personnel to power off the equipment. For specific operations, see
7.22 Powering Off the Equipment.
Step 5 Remove the power connectors, all fibers and cables connected to the chassis. Then, remove all
boards. For specific operations, see 7.20 Replacing Boards on Site.
Step 6 Remove the mounting ears on the chassis and then take down the chassis. (Skip this step if the
chassis is installed on the desk.)
WARNING
Hold the bottom of the chassis when you remove the mounting ears. Otherwise, the chassis may
drop, causing hurt to human bodies or damage to other equipment.
Step 7 Remove the PGND cable and mounting ears, and install them onto the spare chassis. Install the
spare chassis to the previous position. Then, recover all board, and the fiber or cable connections
according to Step 3.
Step 8 Powering on the equipment. For specific operations, see 7.21 Powering On the Equipment.
Step 9 Verify that the chassis is successfully replaced.
1. Observe the indicators of all boards after the chassis is replaced. If any indicator flashes
abnormally, re-insert boards, or replace the chassis if necessary.
2. Query alarms of the system. Make sure that the original alarms are cleared and no new
alarms are generated.
----End

5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module

This section provides information on how to replace the pluggable optical module. When the
optical module becomes faulty, it needs to be replaced in time. So, the optical interface can work
normally.
Prerequisite
Context
For the optical modules used on the OptiX RTN 950, see the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System IDU Hardware Description.
Impact on System
Replacement of the optical module causes service interruption.

Anti-static bag, U2000
Precautions
CAUTION
Before replacing the pluggable optical module, 7.4 Checking the Optical Power and make sure
that the input optical power is within the normal range to avoid exceeding the overload point
which can damage the optical module.
Procedure
Step 1 A spare part is required. The model and parameters of the spare part must be the same as those
of the optical module to be replaced.
Step 2 Query and record the current alarms on the NE. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board.
Step 3 Check the optical power and make sure that the input optical power is within the normal range
to avoid exceeding the overload point which can damage the optical module. For details, refer
to 7.4 Checking the Optical Power.
Step 4 Inform the on-site maintenance engineer and replace the optical module.
NOTE
l Before you remove an optical module, remove the fiber jumpers that connect to it.
l There should be no fiber jumper connecting to the interfaces when you insert an optical module.

Figure 5-1 Inserting and removing the optical module
1
optical port
2 safety latch spare part
Removing optical module: Inserting optical module:

1. Pull out the fiber connectors first. 1. Insert the spare part into port.
2. Pull safety latch to pull out the optical 2. Push the optical module slowly to the bottom
module from the optical port. until hearing a pop voice.
3. Cover the port with cover. 3. Insert the fiber connectors as before.
NOTE
When you insert the spare optical module, avoid excessive force; otherwise, the interface circuit might be
damaged.
Step 5 Check the indicators of the board where the new optical module resides. If the indicator gives
abnormal indication, you need to reinsert the optical module, or replace the optical module again.
For more details on the indicators of boards, see the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
IDU Hardware Description..
Step 6 Query board alarms and make sure that the original alarms are cleared and no new alarms are
generated. Check whether the module is online, and whether the input/output optical power and
the performance of the module are normal.
----End
5.10 Replacing the ODU

The method of replacing the ODU with the waveguide interface is different from the method of
replacing the ODU with the coaxial interface.
5.10.1 Replacing the ODU with Waveguide Interface

In the OptiX RTN 950 system, all the ODUs have waveguide interfaces except the ODUs that
operate in the 6 GHz band.
5.10.2 Replacing the ODU with Coaxial Interface
In the OptiX RTN 950 system, only the ODUs that operate in the 6 GHz band uses coaxial
interfaces.
5.10.1 Replacing the ODU with Waveguide Interface

In the OptiX RTN 950 system, all the ODUs have waveguide interfaces except the ODUs that
operate in the 6 GHz band.
Prerequisite
l The positions of the ODU to be replaced and the position of the IF board that is connected
to the ODU must be specified.
l Spare ODU must be available on site, and the spare part must be the same as those to be
replaced in version and type

Precautions
Before you replace an ODU installed on the coupler, power off the ODU to be replaced, but do
not power off or mute the other ODU. Otherwise, the services may be affected. The interface of
the coupler ejects little RF radiation, and thus meets the safety standards for microwave radiation.
Before you replace an ODU, turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board.
Impact on System
Replacing an ODU that is not provided with protection interrupts the service.

l Torque spanner
l U2000
l Silicon
l Waterproof adhesive tape
Procedure
Step 1 Query and record the current alarms of the ODU.
Step 2 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the panel of the IF board.
Step 3 Disconnect the IF cable and grounding cable of the ODU.
Step 4 Loosen the four latches of the ODU and disconnect the ODU from the antenna or the hybrid
coupler.
Step 5 Make sure the type of the spare ODU is the same with the type of the ODU to be replaced.
Step 6 Install the ODU.
1. Remove the protective cap on the antenna interface of the ODU. Apply an appropriate
amount of lubricant to the gasket of the feeder on the antenna, coupler, or ODU adapter.
CAUTION
Do not dispense the lubricant on the front panel of the feeder. Otherwise, it may affect the
signal transmission.
2. Keep the direction indicated by the polarization arrow on the ODU consistent with the
polarization direction of the antenna or hybrid coupler. (In the case of vertical polarization,
keep the polarization arrow vertical. In the case of horizontal polarization, keep the
polarization arrow horizontal). Slowly fit the antenna interface of the ODU into the feeder
until the four latches on the ODU engage with the hooks on the antenna.
3. Lock the four latches in a diagonal order.
Step 7 Connect the grounding cable and IF cable to the ODU.
Step 8 Perform waterproof processing for the IF interface of the ODU.
Step 9 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the panel of the IF board.

Step 10 When the ODU is working, observe the indicators of the IF board: ODU and LINK.
The indicators ODU and LINK should be on in green.
Step 11 Query the current alarms of the ODU.

----End
5.10.2 Replacing the ODU with Coaxial Interface

In the OptiX RTN 950 system, only the ODUs that operate in the 6 GHz band uses coaxial
interfaces.
Prerequisite
l The position of the ODU to be replaced and the position of the IF board that is connected
to the ODU must be specified.
l Spare ODU must be available on site, and the spare part must be the same as those to be
replaced in version and type
Impact on System
Replacing an ODU that is not provided with protection interrupts the service.
Precautions
Before you replace an ODU installed on the coupler, power off the ODU to be replaced, but do
not power off or mute the other ODU. Otherwise, the services may be affected. The interface of
the coupler ejects little RF radiation, and thus meets the safety standards for microwave radiation.

l Torque spanner
l U2000
l Silicon
Procedure
Step 1 Query and record the current alarms of the ODU.
Step 2 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the panel of the IF board.
Step 3 Disconnect the IF cable and grounding cable of the ODU.
Step 4 Remove the old ODU from the pole.
Step 5 Make sure the type of the spare ODU is the same with the type of the ODU to be replaced.
Step 6 Mount the new ODU to the pole.
Step 7 Connect the grounding cable and IF cable to the ODU.
Step 8 Perform waterproof processing for the IF interface of the ODU.

Step 9 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the panel of the IF board.

Step 10 When the ODU is working, observe the indicators of the IF board: ODU and LINK.
The indicators ODU and LINK should be on in green.
Step 11 Query the current alarms of the ODU.
----End
5.11 Replacing the IF Cable

This topic describes how to replace an IF cable.
Prerequisite
l The impact of replacing an IF cable must be specified.
l The position of the IF cable to be replaced and the position of the IF board that is connected
to the IF jumper must be specified.
Impact on System
Replacing the IF cable interrupts the services.
Precautions
Before you replace the IF cable, be sure to turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board.
In the case of the RG-8U IF cable or the 1/2-inch IF cable, an IF jumper is required to connect
the IF cable to the IDU and both ends of the IF cable should be terminated with type-N
connectors. In the case of the 5D IF cable, the IF cable is connected directly to the IDU and the
cable end connecting to the IDU should be terminated with the TNC connector and the cable
end connecting to the ODU should be terminated with the type-N connector.

l Ejector lever
l Electro-technical knife
l File
l Installation parts and accessories of the connector
l IF cable
Procedure
Step 1 Query and record the current alarms of the IDU.
Step 2 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 3 Disconnect the IF cable from the IF jumper and from the ODU.
Step 4 Use a multimeter to test whether the IF cable conducts electricity well, and check whether you
need to make a new IF connector or to replace the IF cable with a new one.

If... Then...
You need to make a new IF connector Refer to Quick Installation Guide and make a
new IF connector.
You need to replace the IF cable with a new Replace the IF cable with a new one.
one
Step 5 Connect the IF cable to the IF jumper and to the ODU.

Step 6 Use waterproof adhesive tapes to waterproof the connectors at both ends of the IF cable.
Step 7 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 8 After the ODU starts to work, observe the ODU and LINK indicators on the IF board.
The ODU indicator and LINK indicator should be on in green.
Step 9 Query the current alarms of the IDU.
----End

Maintenance Guide 6 Remote Maintenance Guide
6 Remote Maintenance Guide
About This Chapter
Remote maintenance guide the user how to enabling the remote maintenance user and
establishing the remote maintenance.
6.1 Introduce
Summarizes how to perform the remote maitenance.
6.2 Enabling a Remote Maintenance User
A remote maintenance user is a network management user who logs in to the U2000 server on
a remote maintenance client. By default, the remote maintenance user is "Disabled". Hence,
enable the remote maintenance user before starting the remote maintenance.
6.3 Establishing Remote Maintenance
This section describes how the U2000 server establishes remote maintenance connection with
the remote terminal.

6 Remote Maintenance Guide Maintenance Guide
6.1 Introduce
Summarizes how to perform the remote maitenance.
A remote computer (remote end) can connect to the U2000 server on site (local end) through
the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or the Internet. The remote computer then can
perform in-time maintenance to the equipment.
Figure 6-1 shows a connection for remote maintenance. A modem should be installed at each
of the remote maintenance terminal and the U2000 server. The dial-up connection program
should be set. The hardware and software should be configured before the U2000 is installed.
Connection for remote maintenance
Figure 6-1 Connection for remote maintenance
Serial port
PSTN/
Internet
Remote Modem Modem
Serial port
maintenance
terminal NMS
server
Optical
network
When you use the remote maintenance function to maintain the equipment, the U2000 should
perform the following operations in cooperation with the remote end.
l Enabling an remote maintenance user

l Establishing remote maintenance
6.2 Enabling a Remote Maintenance User

A remote maintenance user is a network management user who logs in to the U2000 server on
a remote maintenance client. By default, the remote maintenance user is "Disabled". Hence,
enable the remote maintenance user before starting the remote maintenance.
Prerequisite
The operator must have the "NM administrator" authority or higher.

Maintenance Guide 6 Remote Maintenance Guide
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NMS Security > Remote Maintenance User Management from
the Main Menu. The Remote Maintenance User Management dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 In the dialog box, set the Disable/Enable parameter to Enable. Set other attributes of the remote
maintenance user.
Step 3 Click Apply and click Close in the displayed Operation Result dialog box.
Step 4 Click OK and click Close in the displayed Operation Result dialog box to finish the task.
----End
6.3 Establishing Remote Maintenance

This section describes how the U2000 server establishes remote maintenance connection with
the remote terminal.
Prerequisite
l The communication connection between the remote maintenance terminal and the U2000
server must have been configured.
l The remote maintenance user must have been enabled.
l The shortcut icon of the dial-up connection has already been created on the desktop, for
example, Remote Maintenance.

6 Remote Maintenance Guide Maintenance Guide
l The dial-up telephone number, user name and password of the U2000 server must be known
to maintenance personnel at the remote maintenance terminal.
CAUTION
To ensure network security, set Disable to the remote maintenance user to Disable after the
remote maintenance.
Procedure
Step 1 On the U2000 server, query the status of the remote maintenance connection. If the remote
maintenance connection is established, go to Step 5. If not established, go to Step 2. The query
methods are listed as follows.
l If the Windows operating system is installed, right-click Network Neighbor and click the
Attribute tab to query the status of the remote maintenance connection.
l If the Sun workstation is installed, open a terminal window and run the ipconfig -a command
to query the status of the remote maintenance connection.
Step 2 Double-click the shortcut icon of the dial-up connection on the desktop, for example, Remote
Maintenance, to dial up.
Step 3 Enter the user name(ppp_user) and password in the displayed dialog box.
Step 4 Enter the user name and password. Press the Enter key and click the D button in the lower right
corner to establish the connection.
NOTE
After you enter the password and press the Enter key, a line of junk characters are displayed. This is normal.
Step 5 Query the IP address for dial-up access to network.

l If the Windows operating system is installed, choose Start > All Programs >
Attachment > Command Prompt to display the Command Prompt window. Enter ipconfig
-a in the dialog box and query the dynamic IP address for dial-up access to network.
l If the Sun workstation is installed, display a terminal window and run the ipconfig -a
command to query dynamic IP address for dial-up access to network.
Step 6 Inform the maintenance personnel at the remote end of the queried IP address.
Step 7 The remote maintenance user dials up the U2000 server and logs in to the U2000 client. After
the login succeeds, you can perform the remote maintenance.
----End

Maintenance Guide 7 Task Set
7 Task Set
About This Chapter
Common operation tasks include the operations performed by using the U2000 and the
operations performed on site. Learning how to perform these operations helps quickly locate
and rectify faults during the equipment maintenance.
7.1 Querying U2000 Operation Logs
To detect the illegal operations, you should check operation logs on the U2000 periodically.
7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board
Periodically querying alarms helps detecting and rectifying a fault in time. This section describes
the prerequisites and procedures for querying the current alarms of a board by using the U2000.
7.3 Querying the Board Information Report
This section describes how to query the board information report. The board information
includes the board type, status, software version and so on.
7.4 Checking the Optical Power
When the receive or transmitted optical power of an optical interface is abnormal, bit errors
maybe generated and the optical components may be damaged. This section describes the
prerequisites and procedures for querying the board optical power by using the U2000.
7.5 Performing the LSP Ping Test
You can perform the LSP ping test to check the connectivity of the tunnel. This section describes
the prerequisites and procedures for performing the LSP ping test by using the U2000.
7.6 Performing the LSP Traceroute Test
You can perform the LSP Traceroute test to locate a fault. This section describes the prerequisites
and procedures for performing the LSP Traceroute test by using the U2000.
7.7 Checking Data Consistency Between an NE and the U2000
By performing the data consistency check between an NE and the U2000, you can compare the
data configuration on the U2000 with the configuration data on the NE and then obtain a report
on the result of the consistency check. Perform the consistency check for all the NEs monthly
so that the U2000 can manage the NEs properly.
7.8 Uploading the NE Configuration Data

7 Task Set Maintenance Guide
The NE configuration data on the U2000 may be inconsistent with that on the NE. During
maintenance, you need to keep the data consistent on the U2000 and the NE. If the network runs
normally and the data on the NE is correct, upload the data from the NE to the U2000.
7.9 Configuring Port Loopback
The port loopback configuration is usually changed for locating equipment faults. By changing
the loopback mode, you can locate the fault.
7.10 Performing the Linear MSP Protection Switching
This section describes how to perform or clear the switching of the linear MSP protection on
the U2000. During the troubleshooting, proper switching modes should be selected on different
conditions.
7.11 Performing the MPLS Tunnel Protection Switching
You can perform the MPLS tunnel protection switching on the U2000 to realize the switching
of services between different MPLS tunnels.
7.12 Performing IF 1+1 Protection Switch
The IF 1+1 protection switching is an important maintenance operation.
7.13 Querying an IF 1+1 Protection Group
You can know the current status of an 1+1 protection group by querying the IF 1+1 protection
group.
7.14 Querying the Working State of AM
You can know the change of the AM mode by querying the working state of AM.
7.15 Querying the ODU Attribute
By querying the power attribute of the ODU, you can obtain the receive power and transmit
power of the ODU.
7.16 Setting the State of an ODU Transmitter
the state of an ODU transmitter can be mute or unmute. When the ODU transmitter is in the
unmute state, the ODU transmits and receives microwave signals normally. When the ODU
transmitter is in the mute state, the ODU transmitter does not work, but the ODU can receives
microwave signals.
7.17 Resetting Boards
In the case of resetting boards, the board software is reset. The board reset is classified into warm
reset and cold reset. The warm reset does not affect running services. The cold reset, however,
usually affects the running services.
7.18 Testing the Transmitted Optical Power of the Optical Interface
If the mean transmitted optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the
equipment. The bit errors affect services and even damage components on the equipment. This
section describes how to test the transmitted optical power at optical interfaces of the equipment
on site to ensure that the mean transmitted optical power of each optical interface is normal.
7.19 Testing the Receive Optical Power of the Optical Interface
If the receive optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. The
bit errors affect the services or even damage components on the equipment. This section
describes how to test the receive optical power at optical interfaces of the equipment on site to
ensure that the receive optical power of each optical interface is normal.
7.20 Replacing Boards on Site
When replacing a board, remove and insert it as required; make sure that the mapping relations
between the interfaces and cables are not changed before and after the replacement; observe
indicators to determine the running state of the board.

7.21 Powering On the Equipment

This section describes how to connect the power supply to the equipment to ensure that the
equipment can be powered on normally.
7.22 Powering Off the Equipment
This section describes how to power off the equipment.
7.23 Querying and Setting the Working Mode of Ethernet interface
This section describes how to query and set the working mode of Ethernet interface.
7.24 Querying Protection Configuration
This section describes the basic method for querying the protection scheme that is configured
in the equipment when a fault or service interruption occurs.
7.25 Configuring Automatic Laser Shutdown
The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) is performed before the output power of the laser
transmitter and the optical amplifier reaches a dangerous level. This section describes how to
configure the ALS on the U2000.
7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors
Cleaning optical components is to remove dust or other dirt to avoid performance degradation
of optical transmission systems. Inspecting and cleaning fiber connectors used in fiber optic
connections are introduced here.

7.1 Querying U2000 Operation Logs

To detect the illegal operations, you should check operation logs on the U2000 periodically.
Prerequisite
l The U2000 user must log in to the U2000 and enter the Main Topology.
l You must be a U2000 user with "NM Administrator" authority or higher.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Browse Log from the Main Menu. The Browse NMS Log tab is
displayed.
Step 2 Click Filter. Configure the appropriate parameters in the displayed Filter dialog box and click
OK.
Step 3 Optional: Click Refresh to check the logs.
Step 4 Make sure that no illegal operations such as abnormal or malicious operations and illegal logins
are recorded in the logs.
CAUTION
If there are illegal operations recorded in the logs, you need to set the operation authority and
management authority again. For details, see "Security Management" of the iManager U2000
Operation Guide for RTN NE Management.
----End
7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board

Periodically querying alarms helps detecting and rectifying a fault in time. This section describes
the prerequisites and procedures for querying the current alarms of a board by using the U2000.
Prerequisite
l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and Network Monitor" authority or higher.

U2000

Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the target NE icon in the Main Topology of the U2000. Choose Browse Current
Alarms to display the Browse Current Alarms window.
Step 2 Click Synchronize. The Operation Progress dialog box is displayed indicating the
synchronization progress.
NOTE
To stop the query, you can click Cancel.
Step 3 After the alarm query is complete, the Operation Result dialog box is displayed. Click Close.
Step 4 Record and confirm new alarms of the NE.
----End
7.3 Querying the Board Information Report

This section describes how to query the board information report. The board information
includes the board type, status, software version and so on.
Prerequisite
l The board must be created.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Menu, choose Inventory > Physical Inventory > Board.
Step 2 In the Physical Inventory window, click the Board List tab.
Step 3 Click Filter.

In the Set Board Filter Criteria dialog box, set the criteria for filtering boards. Then, click
OK.
Step 4 Optional: Click Print or Save as to export the filtering report.
----End
7.4 Checking the Optical Power

When the receive or transmitted optical power of an optical interface is abnormal, bit errors
maybe generated and the optical components may be damaged. This section describes the
prerequisites and procedures for querying the board optical power by using the U2000.

Prerequisite
l The performance monitoring function must be enabled and the parameters for this function
must be set.
NOTE
For details on how to enable the performance monitoring function and how to set the parameters for
this function, see the relevant chapter about the performance management in the iManager U2000
Operation Guide for RTN NE Management.

U2000
Checking Criteria
For the technical specifications of the mean transmitted optical power and receive optical power
of different optical interfaces, refer to Technical Specifications of Boards in the OptiX RTN
950 Radio Transmission System Product Description manual.
Procedure
Step 1 Select and right-click the target NE. Choose NE Explorer.
Step 2 Select the board installed with optical interface from the left-hand side of the NE Explorer
window. Then, choose Performance > Current Performance from the Function Tree.
Step 3 In Performance Event Type, select Transmitted Optical Power and Receive Optical
Power. Then, click Query.
Step 4 Click OK in the displayed Operation Result dialog box to complete the querying operation.
NOTE
If the query is stopped or fails, the Operation Result dialog box, indicating that the operation is partially
successful, is displayed. Then, you can perform the following operations:
l Click Detail to check detailed information about the operation object, the operation result, and the
cause.
l Click Save As to save the detailed information as a file.
Step 5 Check whether the performance values of Transmitted Optical Power and Receive Optical
Power are within the normal range.

Step 6 If the performance values of the laser are beyond the specified range, handle the situation
according to 3.1 General Fault Handling Flow.
----End
7.5 Performing the LSP Ping Test

You can perform the LSP ping test to check the connectivity of the tunnel. This section describes
the prerequisites and procedures for performing the LSP ping test by using the U2000.
Prerequisite
l An MPLS tunnel must be created.

U2000
Procedure
Step 2 Click NEs from the left side of the NE Explorer window. Choose Configuration > MPLS
Management > Unicast Tunnel Management from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Click the OAM Parameters tab, and then select a tunnel.
NOTE
When the Node Type of the tunnel is Ingress, you can perform the Ping test.
Step 4 Click OAM Operation, and then select Ping Test.

Step 5 In the displayed Ping Test dialog box, configure the corresponding parameters in the right-hand
Value pane.
Step 6 Click Start Test to start the test.
NOTE
To stop the test, you can click Stop Test.
Step 7 Determine the connectivity of the tunnel according to the test result displayed in the lower Test
Result pane.
NOTE
If the contents of prerequisite are not conformed, the Operation Result dialog box will be displayed to
show the hint information.
----End
7.6 Performing the LSP Traceroute Test

You can perform the LSP Traceroute test to locate a fault. This section describes the prerequisites
and procedures for performing the LSP Traceroute test by using the U2000.

Prerequisite
l An MPLS tunnel must be created.

U2000
Procedure
Step 2 Click NEs from the left side of the NE Explorer window. Choose Configuration > MPLS
Management > Unicast Tunnel Management from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Click the OAM Parameters tab, and then select a tunnel.
NOTE
When the Node Type of the tunnel is Ingress, you can perform the traceroute test.
Step 4 Click OAM Operation, and then select Traceroute Test.
Step 5 In the displayed Traceroute Test dialog box, configure the corresponding parameters in the
right-hand Value pane.
Step 6 Click Start Test to start the test.

NOTE
To stop the test, you can click Stop Test.
Step 7 Determine whether the tunnel is faulty according to the test result displayed in the lower Test
Result pane.
NOTE
If the contents of prerequisite are not conformed, the Operation Result dialog box will be displayed to
show the hint information.
----End
7.7 Checking Data Consistency Between an NE and the

U2000
By performing the data consistency check between an NE and the U2000, you can compare the
data configuration on the U2000 with the configuration data on the NE and then obtain a report
on the result of the consistency check. Perform the consistency check for all the NEs monthly
so that the U2000 can manage the NEs properly.
Prerequisite


U2000
Reference Standard
The operation result indicates that the data configuration on the NE is consistent with the data
configuration on the U2000.
Precautions
Checking data consistency between an NE and the U2000 does not affect the data configuration
on the NE and the U2000.
Procedure
Step 2 Select the target NE from the left-hand Object Tree, and then click .
Step 3 Select one or more NEs from the Configuration Data Management List.
Step 4 Click Consistency Check, or right-click the NE or NEs to choose Consistency Check from the
shortcut menu.
Step 5 Click OK in the displayed Confirm dialog box. Then, a progress bar is displayed indicating the
operation progress.
NOTE
To stop the consistency check, you can click Cancel.
Step 6 The Operation Result dialog box, indicating that the operation is successful, is displayed. Click
Close.
NOTE
If the uploading is stopped or the operation fails, the Operation Result dialog box, indicating that the
operation is partially successful, is displayed. Then, you can perform the following operations:
cause.
----End
7.8 Uploading the NE Configuration Data

The NE configuration data on the U2000 may be inconsistent with that on the NE. During
maintenance, you need to keep the data consistent on the U2000 and the NE. If the network runs
normally and the data on the NE is correct, upload the data from the NE to the U2000.
Prerequisite


U2000
Precautions
After uploading the data, you need to check whether the data is consistent. For details, see 7.7
Checking Data Consistency Between an NE and the U2000.
Procedure
Step 2 Select the target NE from the left-hand Object Tree, and then click .
Step 3 Select one or more NEs from the Configuration Data Management List.
Step 4 Click Upload, or right-click the NE or NEs to choose Upload from the shortcut menu.
Step 5 Click OK in the displayed Confirm dialog box to start the uploading. Then, a progress bar is
displayed in the Upload window to indicate the operation progress.
NOTE
To stop the uploading, you can click Cancel.
Step 6 The Operation Result dialog box, indicating that the operation is successful, is displayed. Click
Close.
NOTE
If the uploading is stopped or the operation fails, the Operation Result dialog box, indicating that the
operation is partially successful, is displayed. Then, you can perform the following operations:
cause.
----End
7.9 Configuring Port Loopback

The port loopback configuration is usually changed for locating equipment faults. By changing
the loopback mode, you can locate the fault.
Prerequisite

U2000

Context
Loopback Description
Non-Loopback Indicates the normal status. When the equipment is operating normally,
loopback is not required.
Inloop At the local equipment, the outgoing services of an port are looped back
and input to this port.
Outloop At the local equipment, the incoming services of an port are looped back
and output to this port.
Procedure
Step 2 Select the target port in the NE Explorer.
Interface Configuration Entry
PDH 1. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > PDH Interface from
interface the Function Tree.
2. In the Advanced Attributes tab, select the target port.
3. Double-click the relevant Loopback Mode parameter. You can choose
Non-Loopback, Inloop or Outloop from the drop-down list.
SDH 1. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > SDH Interface from
interface the Function Tree.
3. Double-click the relevant Loopback Mode parameter. You can choose
Ethernet 1. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet

interface Interface from the Function Tree.
3. Double-click the relevant MAC Loopback parameter. You can choose
4. Double-click the relevant PHY Loopback parameter. You can choose
Non-Loopback or Inloop from the drop-down list.
Microwave 1. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > Microwave

interface Interface from the Function Tree.
3. Double-click the relevant IF Port Loopback parameter. You can choose
4. Double-click the relevant Composite Port Loopback parameter. You can
choose Non-Loopback, Inloop or Outloop from the drop-down list.

Interface Configuration Entry
ATM IMA 1. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > ATM IMA
port Management from the Function Tree.
2. In the ATM Interface Management tab, select the target port.
3. Double-click the relevant Loopback parameter. You can choose Non-
Loopback, Inloop or Outloop from the drop-down list.
Step 3 Select the appropriate loopback mode and click Apply. Then, the current loopback mode of the
port is modified.
CAUTION
The loopback may cause service interruption. After the loopback is set on the port for five
minutes, the port will return to the Non-Loopback status automatically.
NOTE
Step 4 Optional: Click Query to query the loopback status of the port.
----End
7.10 Performing the Linear MSP Protection Switching

This section describes how to perform or clear the switching of the linear MSP protection on
the U2000. During the troubleshooting, proper switching modes should be selected on different
conditions.
Prerequisite
l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and network operator" authority or higher.
l The linear MSP protection should be created.

U2000
Precautions
CAUTION
Except the exercise switching, other switching modes may interrupt the services.

NOTE
The external switching modes of the linear MSP protection that can be executed include the lockout
switching, forced switching, manual switching and exercise switching.
l In the case of the lockout switching, the services on the channel are not switched when they should
be switched. The services, however, can be restored when they should be restored.
l In the case of the forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless the
protection channel is responding to a higher priority bridge request. When the automatic switching
fails for some reason, the forced switching can be used to restore the services.
l The commands of the manual switching are valid only when there is no signal failure or signal degrade
on the protection section. For example, the manual switching can be used when the working and
protection channels are normal, but the services need be switched for some reason.
l The exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched to the
protection section, and only the calculation result of the protocol is displayed.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE in the Main Topology of the U2000. Right-click the NE to choose NE Explorer.
Step 2 Choose Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
Step 3 In the slot mapping table, select Working unit, and then right-click the direction to choose the
required command for switching or locking. In the displayed Operation Result dialog box, click
Close to complete the protection switching.
NOTE
The switching can be performed only when the direction is not locked.
Step 4 In the slot mapping table, select Protection unit, and then right-click the direction to choose
manual to working. Click OK in the displayed dialog box to cancel the protection switching.
----End
7.11 Performing the MPLS Tunnel Protection Switching

You can perform the MPLS tunnel protection switching on the U2000 to realize the switching
of services between different MPLS tunnels.
Prerequisite

U2000
Protection switching includes forced switching, manual switching, and exercise switching.
l In the case of forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless
the protection channel is responding to the bridge request of a higher priority. When the

automatic switching fails due to some reason, the forced switching can be performed to
restore the services.
l Commands for manual switching are valid only when there is no signal failure or signal
degradation on the protection tunnel. In the case of manual switching, services can be
manually switched to a working or protection tunnel.
l The exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched,
and only the computation result of the protocol is displayed.
NOTE
In the case of locked switching, services in the tunnel are not switched when they should be switched. The
services, however, can be restored when they should be restored.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the source NE of the tunnel in the Main Topology of the U2000. Right-click the NE to
choose NE Explorer.
Step 2 Choose Configuration > APS Protection Management from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Click Query, and then select the protection group to be switched.
Step 4 Click Function in the lower-right area, and then select the target switching operation in the
displayed menu.
Step 5 In the Confirmation dialog box, click OK.
Step 6 The Operation Result dialog box is displayed. ClickClose. The protection switching is
complete.
----End
7.12 Performing IF 1+1 Protection Switch

The IF 1+1 protection switching is an important maintenance operation.
Prerequisite
l An IF 1+1 protection group must be configured.
l The user must have the system level authority.


U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > IF 1+1
Protection from the Function Tree.
Step 2 In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or the protection unit of a protection group.
Right-click on the selected unit and select the required switching mode from the displayed menu.
The system displays a prompt dialog box.
Step 3 Click Yes.
The system displays a prompt dialog box indicating that the command is successfully issued.
Step 4 Click OK.
Step 5 Click Query.
----End
7.13 Querying an IF 1+1 Protection Group

You can know the current status of an 1+1 protection group by querying the IF 1+1 protection
group.
Prerequisite
l An IF 1+1 protection group must be configured.
l The user must have the system level authority.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > IF 1
+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Query, and then check the working status of the IF 1+1 protection group in the Slot
Mapping Relation area.
----End
7.14 Querying the Working State of AM

You can know the change of the AM mode by querying the working state of AM.
Prerequisite
l The communication between the U2000 and the NE must be normal.

l You must be an NM user with "NE monitor" authority or higher.

U2000
Related Information
Only the equipment that is configured with Hybrid radio service supports the query of the
working state of AM.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer.
Step 2 Choose Configuration > Interface Management > Microwave Interface from the Function
Tree.
Step 3 Select the corresponding IF board in the IF Attributes tab page.
Step 4 Click Query.

The current modulation modes of the transmit end and the receive end of the IF board are
displayed.
----End
7.15 Querying the ODU Attribute

By querying the power attribute of the ODU, you can obtain the receive power and transmit
power of the ODU.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an ODU from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > ODU
Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Select By Board/Port(Path).
Step 3 Select Board from the drop-down list.
Step 4 Click the Power Attributes tab to check the power attributes of the ODU.
----End

7.16 Setting the State of an ODU Transmitter

the state of an ODU transmitter can be mute or unmute. When the ODU transmitter is in the
unmute state, the ODU transmits and receives microwave signals normally. When the ODU
transmitter is in the mute state, the ODU transmitter does not work, but the ODU can receives
microwave signals.
Prerequisite
l The communication between the U2000 and the NE must be normal.
l You must be an NM user with "NE maintainer" authority or higher.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer.
Step 2 Choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
Step 4 Click the slot icon of the ODU, and then specify TX Status.
NOTE
If the automatic release function is set, the ODU releases the mute function five minutes after the ODU
transmitter is muted manually.
Step 5 Click Apply.
----End
7.17 Resetting Boards

In the case of resetting boards, the board software is reset. The board reset is classified into warm
reset and cold reset. The warm reset does not affect running services. The cold reset, however,
usually affects the running services.
Prerequisite

U2000

Precautions
NOTE
l In the case of the warm reset, correct applications and data are loaded on the equipment. The warm reset
of a board usually does not affect the running services.
l In the case of the cold reset, correct applications and data before the CPU power-off are restored. The cold
reset takes a longer time than the warm reset. The cold reset of a board usually affects the running services.
l If the board is configured with 1+1 protection, a cold reset of the board triggers protection switching.
l During the cold reset of the board, the working status of the board is displayed in blue on the U2000, which
indicates the board is in "Running & Uninstalled" status. In this case, the BD_STATUS alarm is reported.
When the cold reset is complete, the working status of the board is displayed in green on the U2000, which
indicates the board is in "Running & Installed" status. In this case, the BD_STATUS alarm stops.
l During the warm reset of the board, the U2000 displays nothing, but the PROG indicator on the board is
green and blinks. When the warm reset is complete, the PROG indicator on the board turns green and is
always on.
l The board data is not lost after the board is reset.
Procedure
l Performing a warm reset on the board
1. Double-click the target NE icon in the Main Topology of the U2000 to display the
Running Status slot view.
2. Select and right-click the CXPR board. Choose Warm Reset. Then, click OK in the
displayed Warning dialog box.
3. In the displayed Operation Result dialog box, click Close to complete the reset
operation.
NOTE
There is an RST button on the CXPR board. If the RST button is pressed, a warm reset is performed on
the board.
l Performing a cold reset on the board
1. Double-click the target NE icon in the Main Topology of the U2000 to display the
Running Status slot view.
2. Select and right-click the target board. Choose Cold Reset. Then, click OK in the
displayed Warning dialog box.
3. In the displayed Operation Result dialog box, click Close to complete the reset
operation.
l The board supports hot plugging. In the case of hot plugging, a cold reset is performed on
the board. It is not recommended to perform a cold reset on the board by means of hot
plugging.
----End
7.18 Testing the Transmitted Optical Power of the Optical

Interface
If the mean transmitted optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the
equipment. The bit errors affect services and even damage components on the equipment. This
section describes how to test the transmitted optical power at optical interfaces of the equipment
on site to ensure that the mean transmitted optical power of each optical interface is normal.

Prerequisite
l Fiber jumper connections at optical interfaces must be tested and the test result must be
normal.
Checking Criteria
Query the relevant interface specifications, such as the optical interface type and the working
wavelength, according to the barcode on the optical interface board.

l U2000 and PC
l Optical power meter
l Test fiber jumpers with different connectors
l Fiber connectors
l Fiber cleaning tools
Test Connection Diagram

Figure 7-1 shows the connections for the test of the mean transmitted optical power of the OptiX
RTN 950 equipment.
Figure 7-1 Connections for the test of the mean transmitted optical power at the optical interface
PC
CXPR
Optical
power meter

Precautions
DANGER
During the test, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams.
Procedure
Step 1 Set the target optical interface by using the U2000 to make the optical interface work in the
transmitted state.
NOTE
For the Ethernet optical interface, set it to the enabled state on the U2000.
1. On the Main Topology of the U2000, select and right-click the target NE. Select NE
Explorer from the displayed shortcut menu.
2. Select the target Ethernet board in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Interface
Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
3. Enable the target Ethernet optical interface in the Enable Port parameter of General
Attributes tab.
Step 2 Disconnect the fiber at the OUT port of the tested optical interface and put the protective cap on
the fiber connector.
Step 3 Draw out the optical module to check the label on it. Then, insert it back to the original position.
You can learn the type of the optical interface. Based on the type of the optical interface, obtain
the specifications such as working wavelength and mean transmitted optical power of this optical
interface from the checking criteria.
Step 4 Set the wavelength of the optical power meter to make it consistent with the working wavelength
of the tested optical interface.
CAUTION
Set the wavelength of the optical power meter consistent with the working wavelength of the
tested optical interface so that the optical power work normally. Then, proceed with the next
step.
Step 5 Connect the OUT port of the optical interface to the optical power meter by using the test fiber
jumper that maps the optical interface.
Step 6 Observe the reading on the optical power meter. Record the value when the reading does not
change. The value indicates the mean transmitted optical power of the tested optical interface.
Step 7 Check whether the optical power value obtained is within the range of the mean transmitted
optical power.
l If the optical power value obtained is within the range, proceed to Step 10.
l If the optical power value obtained is beyond the range, proceed to Step 8.

Step 8 Check and the fiber connector, and clean it if necessary, according to 7.26 Inspecting and
Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
Step 9 Perform Step 5 through Step 7 to test the mean transmitted optical power of the optical interface
again till the value obtained is within the normal range.
Step 10 Restore the fiber connection of the tested port.
Step 11 Repeat the previous steps to test the mean transmitted optical power at all the optical interfaces
of the equipment one by one.
----End
7.19 Testing the Receive Optical Power of the Optical

Interface
If the receive optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. The
bit errors affect the services or even damage components on the equipment. This section
describes how to test the receive optical power at optical interfaces of the equipment on site to
ensure that the receive optical power of each optical interface is normal.
Prerequisite
l Fiber jumper connections at optical interfaces must be tested and the test result must be
normal.
l The mean launched optical power at optical interfaces must be tested and the test result
must be normal.
l Fibers from the adjacent station must be routed to the optical distribution frame (ODF) of
the local station and must provide optical signals to the local station.
NOTE
l The Ethernet optical interface must be set to the enabled state on the U2000 for sending optical
signals externally.
l For methods on how to set the optical interface, see 7.18 Testing the Transmitted Optical
Power of the Optical Interface.
l The flange must be clean and properly connected to the fiber connector.
Checking Criteria
Query the relevant interface specifications, such as the optical interface type and the working
wavelength, according to the barcode on the optical interface board.

l Test fiber jumpers with different connectors
l Fiber connector
l Fiber cleaning tools
l Optical attenuator

Test Connection Diagram

The OptiX RTN 950 equipment supports the Ethernet optical interfaces. Figure 7-2 shows the
connections for the test of the receive optical power at the optical interface of the local station.
Figure 7-2 Connections for the test of the receive optical power at the optical interface
Fiber jumper
at the IN Fiber jumper
interface ODF ODF
OUT IN OUT IN
Optical
interface Optical interface
Optical power
meter
Local station Adjacent station
Procedure
Step 1 Set the wavelength of the optical power meter to make it consistent with the working wavelength
of the tested optical interface.
Step 2 Remove the fiber jumper from the IN port of the tested optical interface on the local station.
Then, connect it to the optical power meter.
Step 3 Observe the reading on the optical power meter. Record the value when the reading does not
change. The value indicates the receive optical power of the tested optical interface.
Step 4 Check whether the optical power value obtained is within the normal range. The receive optical
power must follow the standard: sensitivity + 3 dBm < receive optical power (tested) < overload
threshold - 5 dBm. For the nominal values of the sensitivity and the overload threshold, see the
checking criteria.
l If the optical power value obtained is within the normal range, proceed to Step 8.
l If the optical power value obtained is beyond the normal range:
When the receive optical power is less than the sensitivity plus 3 dBm, proceed to Step
5.
When the receive optical power is larger than the overload threshold minus 5 dBm,
proceed to Step 6.
Step 5 Check whether the fiber connector, and the fiber flange and the optical attenuator on the ODF
side are contaminated.
l If the fiber connector is contaminated, clean it according to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning
the Optical Fiber Connectors.
l If the fiber flange or the optical attenuator on the ODF side is contaminated, replace the fiber
flange or the optical attenuator.
Proceed to Step 7.
Step 6 Check whether the optical attenuator is normal.

l If the optical attenuator is normal, add an optical attenuator on the ODF side.
l If the optical attenuator is not normal, replace the optical attenuator.
Step 7 Perform Step 2 to Step 4 to test the receive optical power of the optical interface again till the
value obtained is within the normal range.
Step 8 Restore the fiber connection of the tested interface.
Step 9 Repeat the previous steps to test the receive optical power at all the optical interfaces of the
equipment one by one.
----End
7.20 Replacing Boards on Site

When replacing a board, remove and insert it as required; make sure that the mapping relations
between the interfaces and cables are not changed before and after the replacement; observe
indicators to determine the running state of the board.
Prerequisite
A new board must be available.

ESD wrist strap, ESD bag, and cross screwdriver
Precautions
Before replacing a board, read 1.2 Safety Precautions for Using the Equipment carefully.
The chassis of the OptiX RTN 950 and the OptiX RTN 910 are different, but the board
replacement operations are similar. Thus, the board replacement illustrations mentioned below
consider the OptiX RTN 910 as an example.
DANGER
Avoid direct eye exposure to the laser source from the optical interface board or from inside the
fiber, because laser beams can cause permanent eye damage.
CAUTION
l When replacing a board, make sure that the board is not connected to any fibers or cables.
l The optical interfaces and the fiber jumper connectors must be clean.

Procedure
Step 1 Properly wear the ESD wrist strap according to .
Step 2 Record the connection relations between board interfaces and fibers or cables.
Step 3 Remove fibers or cables from the board interfaces.
Step 4 Remove the board.
l Remove the CXPR or processing board:
Use a screwdriver to loosen the captive screws on the right and left sides of the board. Then,
the screws are automatically sprung out. See Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 Loosening screws with a screwdriver
Loosen the captive screw
Hold the ejector levers of the board and pull them outward to disengage the board from the
backplane socket. Then, remove the board from the slot slowly with stable force. See Figure
7-4.

Figure 7-4 Removing the board (1)
Remove the board gently
l Remove the FAN or PIU board:

Hold the front panel and tack switches of the board to disengage the board from the backplane
socket. Then, remove the board from the slot slowly with stable force until the board is
completely disengaged from the chassis. See Figure 7-5.
Figure 7-5 Removing the board (2)
Remove the board

slowly out of the slot

Step 5 Put the replaced board in an antistatic bag. Record the NE name and the fault on a maintenance
label and then affix the label to the bag.
Step 6 Insert a new board.
l Insert a new FAN or PIU board:
Hold the front panel and tact switches of the board, and slide the board slowly into the relevant
slot along the guide rails of the chassis. Push the front panel of the board gently until the
board completely engages with the backplane sockets. Then, you can release the front panel
and the tact switches. See Figure 7-6.
Figure 7-6 Inserting the board (1)
Insert the board slowly

into the slot
l Insert the CXPR or processing board:

Use both hands to hold the ejector levers and pull them outward. Then, insert the board and
slide it gently into the relevant slot along the right and left guide rails. In addition, align the
grooves of the upper and lower ejector levers on the front panel of the board with the upper
and lower edges of the chassis. Push the front panel of the board into the slot gently until the
board engages with the backplane sockets. Then, pull the ejector levers inward to make the
board completely inserted into the slot. See Figure 7-7.

Figure 7-7 Inserting the board (2)
Push it in gently
Use a screwdriver to tighten the captive screws on the right and left sides of the board. See
Figure 7-8.
Figure 7-8 Tightening screws with a screwdriver
Tighten the captive screw
Step 7 According to the connection relations between interfaces and fibers or cables, insert the fibers
or cables into the interfaces on the board. For details, see OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System IDU Quick Installation Guide.

Step 8 Check whether the STAT and PROG indicators on the front panel of each board are green. If
the STAT and PROG indicators are green, it indicates that the board is successfully replaced.
Otherwise, repeat the previous steps to insert/remove or replace the board.
----End
7.21 Powering On the Equipment

This section describes how to connect the power supply to the equipment to ensure that the
equipment can be powered on normally.
Prerequisite
The external power supply must be provided.

Screwdriver
Precautions
CAUTION
Dot insert or remove any power plugs and the PIU board when the power is on.
Procedure
Step 1 Make sure that the external power voltage is sufficient to avoid excessively high voltage
damaging the equipment.
Step 2 Check the power cable of the chassis. Make sure that the power cable is connected to the PIU
board correctly.
Step 3 Check the connector of the power cable to ensure that the connector is connected firmly. If the
connector is connected loosely, tighten the fastening screws of the connector by using a
screwdriver.
Step 4 Turn the power switch, which connects the external power supply and the PIU board, to the on
position.
Step 5 Observe the STAT and PROG indicators of the CXPR board.
l If the PROG indicator flashes, the board software is being initialized and loaded.
l After the board software is loaded successfully, the STAT and PROG indicator, which stay
on in green.
----End
7.22 Powering Off the Equipment

This section describes how to power off the equipment.

Precautions
CAUTION
If the equipment is powered off, it stops running and all the services on this equipment are
interrupted.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Turn off the power switch, which connects the external power supply and the PIU board, to the
off position.
Step 2 Make sure that indicators on all the boards are off and the equipment is powered off.
----End
7.23 Querying and Setting the Working Mode of Ethernet

interface
This section describes how to query and set the working mode of Ethernet interface.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with "NE and network operator" authority or higher.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the NE and choose NE Explorer. The NE Explorer dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 Select the desired board in the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Interface
Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 3 In the General Attributes tab, click Query, you can query the working mode of the port.
Step 4 Double-click the Working Mode field of the desired port to modify the working mode of the
board.

NOTE
The working modes of different Ethernet interfaces are as follows:

l The FE electrical interface can be set to 100M full-duplex or auto-negotiation working mode.
l The FE optical interface can be set to 100M full-duplex working mode.
l The GE optical interface can be set to 1000M half-duplex, 1000M full-duplex or auto-negotiation
working mode.
Step 5 Click Apply and click Yes in the displayed Warning dialog box. The working mode of the
Ethernet interface is set.
----End
7.24 Querying Protection Configuration

This section describes the basic method for querying the protection scheme that is configured
in the equipment when a fault or service interruption occurs.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with "NE and Network Operator" authority or higher.

U2000
The equipment supports board 1+1 protection.
Procedure
Step 2 Select the desired NE in the NE Explorer. choose Configuration > Board 1+1 Protection from
the Function Tree. Then, the 1+1 protection pair is listed in the 1+1 Protection List tab.
Step 3 Select the desired protection, and click Query. Click Close on the Operation Result dialog
box. Then, the details of the protection pairs are displayed.
----End

7.25 Configuring Automatic Laser Shutdown

The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) is performed before the output power of the laser
transmitter and the optical amplifier reaches a dangerous level. This section describes how to
configure the ALS on the U2000.
Prerequisite

U2000
Procedure
Step 2 Select the desired board in the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Automatic Laser
Shutdown from the function tree.
Step 3 Set the Automatic Shutdown parameter to Enabled or Disabled. It's advised to use the default
values for the other parameters.
NOTE
For a detailed description of the configuration parameters of automatic laser shutdown, refer to Table
7-1.
Step 4 Click Apply.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
Table 7-1 Descriptions of configuration parameters concerning automatic laser shutdown
Parameter Default Description

Value
Automatic Disabled Only when auto shutdown is set as Enabled, can you set the three
Shutdown following parameters.
On Period 2000 The time to start the laser automatically to test whether optical
(ms) fiber is normal after the laser is shut down.
Off Period 60000 The time for auto laser shutdown.

(ms)

Parameter Default Description

Value
Continuously 90000 The time to start the laser manually to test whether optical fiber
On-test is normal after the laser is shut down.
Period (ms)
7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors

of optical transmission systems. Inspecting and cleaning fiber connectors used in fiber optic
connections are introduced here.
7.26.1 Overview
Overview of the purpose and procedure of cleaning optical fiber connectors, the items that may
cause pollution to optical connectors are also introduced here.
7.26.2 Protection of Optical Connectors
The requirements of optical connector protection are listed here.
7.26.3 Tools, Equipment and Materials
The recommended tools, equipment and materials used in cleaning the optical connector are
listed here.
7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors
The following describes how to inspect the optical connectors and check the status of the fiber
surface.
7.26.5 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Cartridge Cleaners
Clean the fiber optic only in the case that there are flaws on it. The following describes how to
clean the fiber optic with a type of CLETOP cassette cleaner.
7.26.6 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Lens Tissue
Clean the fiber optic only in the case that there are flaws on it. The following procedure provides
the steps to clean the fiber connectors using lens tissue.
7.26.7 Cleaning Optical Modules Using Optical Cleaning Sticks
Optical modules must be cleaned with special cleaning tools and materials. The following
procedure provides the steps to clean optical adapters using optical cleaning sticks.
7.26.1 Overview
Overview of the purpose and procedure of cleaning optical fiber connectors, the items that may
cause pollution to optical connectors are also introduced here.
of optical transmission systems. Here describes how to inspect and clean fiber connectors used
in fiber optic connections.
Figure 7-9 shows the optical fiber connector.

Figure 7-9 Optical fiber connector
The following items should be removed because they pollute optical connectors that are
extensively adopted in optical transmission systems:
l Dust
l Oils (frequently from human hands)
l Film residues (condensed from vapors in the air)
l Powdery coatings (left after water or other solvents evaporate)
Dust is the most common dirt in optical connectors. Even small dust that can be seen only under
a microscope can affect the quality of optical signals, degrade the system performance and cause
potential instability in network operation.
A one-micrometer dust granule on an optical connector of a single mode fiber can block 1%
light and cause 0.05 dB lost. A nine-micrometer dust granule that cannot be seen by human eyes
can block an entire fiber core. Therefore, small dirt even that cannot be seen by human eyes
should be removed.
NOTE
Before you connect any optical component, make sure that you have inspected and cleaned the component.
General Procedure
Table 7-2 below introduces the general procedure of how to inspect and clean the optical fiber
connectors.
Table 7-2 General procedure of inspecting and cleaning the optical fiber connectors
Operation Details
Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Refer to "7.26.5 Cleaning Optical Fiber
Cartridge Cleaners Connectors Using Cartridge Cleaners"
Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Refer to "7.26.6 Cleaning Optical Fiber
Lens Tissue Connectors Using Lens Tissue"

Operation Details
Cleaning Optical Adapters Using Optical Refer to "7.26.7 Cleaning Optical Modules
Cleaning Sticks Using Optical Cleaning Sticks"
7.26.2 Protection of Optical Connectors

The requirements of optical connector protection are listed here.
The requirements of optical connector protection are:
l All optical interface boards must be transported and stored in reliable packing. This serves
to avoid mechanical and electrostatic damages and to reduce vibrations.
l Store the protective caps in an antistatic bag.
l Cover the optical interfaces of the replaced boards with protective caps in time. Store them
in proper packages to keep the optical interfaces clean.
l The protective caps recommended are shown in Figure 7-10, The protective caps not
recommended are shown in Figure 7-11.
Figure 7-10 Protective caps recommended
Figure 7-11 Protective caps not recommended

NOTE
The air filter caps made of soft rubber are not recommended, which tends to collect dust and sundries. This
type of caps provides poor dustproof function.
7.26.3 Tools, Equipment and Materials

The recommended tools, equipment and materials used in cleaning the optical connector are
listed here.
The recommended tools, equipment and materials are listed below:

l Optical fiberscope with 400x magnification (a video fiberscope is recommended)
l CLETOP cassette cleaner, see Figure 7-12
l Clean solvent( Isoamylol is preferred, propyl can be used alcohol or formalin is never used)
l Non-woven lens tissue, lint-free wipes or fiber cleaning tissue (Non-woven lens tissue is
recommended)
l Special cleaning roll
l Optical cleaning sticks used for optical connectors or cotton swabs (medical cotton or long
fiber cotton) See Figure 7-13 and Figure 7-14
Figure 7-12 CLETOP cassette cleaner

Figure 7-13 Cleaning stick for the SC and FC optical interface (just for reference)
Figure 7-14 Cleaning stick for the LC optical interface
7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors

The following describes how to inspect the optical connectors and check the status of the fiber
surface.

The tools, equipment and materials are listed below:

Precautions
WARNING
Laser is dangerous. The light is not visible to the eyes with or without laser protective glasses.
Do not look into optical connectors or interfaces. Failure to follow this warning can cause damage
to the eyes, or even blindness.
Use a fiberscope equipped with a safety device or a desktop video fiberscope when you inspect
the optical connectors. If one is not available, turn off the lasers and disconnect both ends of the
fiber before you inspect the optical connectors
CAUTION
Electro static discharge (ESD) is hazardous to the electronic equipment. Use proper handlings
to prevent damage to the electronic equipment. Failure to follow this caution can cause
equipment damage and/or loss of traffic
Procedure
Step 1 Turn off the lasers before the inspection. Disconnect both ends of the fiber to be inspected.
Step 2 Test the optical power using a power meter. Ensure that there is no laser light on the optical
connector.
Step 3 Use a fiberscope to inspect the fiber to check if there is any dirt or damage. Refer to the examples
shown below.
l For an image of the intact fiber optic surface through a fiberscope that can be used
successfully in the equipment, see Figure 7-15.
Figure 7-15 An intact fiber

l For images of fibers through a fiberscope with imperfections that can impair the function of
the assembly, see Figure 7-16 . The image on the left shows clearly a damaged fiber. Severely
damaged fibers must not be used in the system equipment. Otherwise, permanent and severe
damage to the assembly can occur. The image on the right shows a fiber that is suspect. If
the output power is within an acceptable range, the fiber might not cause any damage to the
assembly. If the output power is unstable or falls outside the acceptable range, however, the
fiber can cause damage to the assembly and must not be used.
Figure 7-16 Damaged or suspect fibers
NOTE
The views shown do not represent the entire surface of the fiber optic. Much of the surface is the metal
connector and only the 800-micron core is the actual fiber.
l For details on acceptable and unacceptable fibers, see Figure 7-17, Figure 7-18 and Figure
7-19.
Figure 7-17 An intact fiber

Figure 7-18 Acceptable fibers with imperfections
Figure 7-19 Unacceptable fibers with imperfections
Step 4 If any dirt is detected, clean the optical connector. For details, refer to "7.26.5 Cleaning Optical
Fiber Connectors Using Cartridge Cleaners" and "7.26.6 Cleaning Optical Fiber
Connectors Using Lens Tissue".
Step 5 If any damage is detected, replace the fiber or board.
----End
7.26.5 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Cartridge Cleaners

Clean the fiber optic only in the case that there are flaws on it. The following describes how to
clean the fiber optic with a type of CLETOP cassette cleaner.

Prerequisite
Before cleaning, inspect the fiber optic surface with a fiberscope or a magnifier to determine the
extent to which the fiber optic might be damaged or dirty. Clean the fiber optic only in the case
that there are flaws on it. If there are not, do not clean it. That is because the cleaning itself might
introduce dust, dirt, or cause potential damage to the fiber optic.
The following procedure provides the steps to clean the fiber connectors using cartridge type
cleaners. There are several types of cartridge cleaners. The following describes a type of
CLETOP cassette cleaner.

l CLETOP cassette cleaner

Precautions
WARNING
CAUTION
The electrostatic discharge may damage the equipment. Before touching the equipment, board
or integrated circuit (IC) chip, you must wear the ESD wrist strap to prevent electrostatic
discharge on human body from damaging the static-sensitive components, and ensure that the
other end of the strap is properly grounded. Otherwise, the equipment may be damaged or the
service may be interrupted.
Procedure
Step 2 Use an optical power meter to measure and ensure that there is no laser light on the optical
connector.
Step 3 Press down and hold the lever of the cassette cleaner, and the shutter slides back and exposes a
new cleaning area. See Figure 7-20.

Figure 7-20 Using the CLETOP cassette cleaner
Step 4 Place the fiber tip lightly against the cleaning area so that the end face is flat on the cleaning
area
Step 5 Drag the fiber tip lightly on one cleaning area in the direction of the arrow once. See Figure
7-21. Do it again on the other cleaning area in the same direction as the first time once. See
Figure 7-22.
CAUTION
Do not scrub the fiber against fabric or clean over the same cleaning area more than once.
Otherwise, the connector can be dirtied or damaged.
Figure 7-21 Dragging the fiber tip lightly on one cleaning area

Figure 7-22 Dragging the fiber tip lightly on the other cleaning area
Step 6 Release the lever of the cassette cleaner to close the cleaning area.
Step 7 Use a fiberscope to inspect the adapter to check if there is any dirt. For details refer to the
examples shown in 7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors. If the optical adapter is still dirty,
repeat the Step 1 to Step 6.
Step 8 Connect the fiber connector to the board.
Step 9 Turn on the lasers after you connect the fiber to the board.
----End
7.26.6 Cleaning Optical Fiber Connectors Using Lens Tissue

Clean the fiber optic only in the case that there are flaws on it. The following procedure provides
the steps to clean the fiber connectors using lens tissue.
Prerequisite
Before cleaning, inspect the fiber optic surface with a fiberscope or a magnifier to determine the
extent to which the fiber optic might be damaged or dirty. Clean the fiber optic only in the case
that there are flaws on it. If there are not, do not clean it. That is because the cleaning itself might
introduce dust, dirt, or cause potential damage to the fiber optic.
The following procedure provides the steps to clean the fiber connectors using lens tissue. Use
only the special materials for cleaning the fiber connectors. Refer to the local site practices.



l Clean solvent. (Isoamylol is preferred, propyl can be used. alcohol or formalin is never
used)
l Non-woven lens tissue, lint-free wipes or fiber cleaning tissue (Non-woven lens tissue is
recommended)
l Special cleaning roll
Precautions
WARNING
CAUTION
or integrated circuit (IC) chip, you must wear the ESD wrist strap to prevent electrostatic
discharge on human body from damaging the static-sensitive components, and ensure that the
other end of the strap is properly grounded. Otherwise, the equipment may be damaged or the
service may be interrupted.
Procedure
Step 2 Use an optical power meter to measure and ensure that there is no laser light on the optical
connector.
Step 3 Place a small amount of cleaning solvent on the lens tissue.
Step 4 Clean the fiber tip on the lens tissue. See Figure 7-23 and Figure 7-24.
CAUTION
Do not scrub the fiber against fabric or clean over the same cleaning area more than once. Failure
to comply can result in connector dirt or damage.

Figure 7-23 Cleaning the fiber tip with the lens tissue on the desk
Figure 7-24 Cleaning the fiber tip with the lens tissue on the hand
Step 5 Repeat step 4 several times on the areas of the lens tissue that have not been used.
Step 6 Use the compressed gas to blow off the fiber tip.
NOTE
l When you use the compressed gas, keep the injector nozzle as close as possible to the fiber connector
surface without touching it.
l When you use the compressed gas, first spray it into the air as the initial spray of compressed air can
contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit.
l If the compressed gas is not available, a clean roll can be used.
Step 7 Use a fiberscope to inspect the adapter to check if there is any dirt. For details refer to the
examples shown in 7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors. If the optical adapter is still dirty,
Step 8 Do not touch the fiber connector after you clean it. Connect it to the optical interface board at
once. If it is not used for the time being, put a protective cap on it.

NOTE
A piece of lens tissue can be used for only one time.
----End
7.26.7 Cleaning Optical Modules Using Optical Cleaning Sticks

Optical modules must be cleaned with special cleaning tools and materials. The following
procedure provides the steps to clean optical adapters using optical cleaning sticks.
Prerequisite
There are several types of optical cleaning sticks and cotton swabs that can be used. Refer to the
local site practices. You can obtain these tools and materials from a fiber cable and connector
manufacturer.


l Clean solvent. (Isoamylol is preferred, propyl can be used. alcohol or formalin is never
used)
l Optical cleaning sticks used for optical connectors or cotton swabs (medical cotton or long
fiber cotton)
Precautions
WARNING
CAUTION
or integrated circuit (IC) chip, to prevent the electrostatic discharge on the human body damaging
the static-sensitive components, you must wear the ESD wrist strap and ensure the other end of
the strap is properly grounded. Otherwise, the equipment may be damaged or the service may
be interrupted.

Procedure
Step 1 Before checking the fiber connector, disable the laser and disconnect the two ends of the fiber
from other components.
Step 2 Use the optical power meter to test and make sure that no laser light is present at the fiber module.
Step 3 Select the cleaning stick with a proper diameter for a certain type of the module.
NOTE
For the SC and FC optical interface, use the cleaning stick with a diameter of 2.5 mm; for the LC optical
interface, use the cleaning stick with a diameter of 1.25 mm. See Figure 7-13 and Figure 7-14.
Step 4 Place a small amount of cleaning solvent on the optical cleaning stick.
Step 5 Place the optical cleaning stick lightly on the optical modules so that cleaning solvent is against
the fiber tip. Turn the stick clockwise four to five times and make sure that there is direct contact
between the stick tip and fiber tip. Hold the stick straight out from the module.
Step 6 Use the compressed gas to blow off the fiber tip.
NOTE
l When you use the compressed gas, keep the injector nozzle close to the connector surface without
touching it.
l When you use the compressed gas, first spray it into the air as the initial spray of compressed air can
contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit.
Step 7 Use a fiberscope to inspect the fiber tip to check if there is any dirt. For details refer to the
examples shown in "7.26.4 Inspecting Optical Connectors". If the optical fiber tip is still dirty,
Step 8 Connect the fiber to the board, or put a protective cap on the interface.
----End

Maintenance Guide 8 Alarm
8 Alarm
About This Chapter
This chapter describes basic concepts related to alarms and how to handle related alarms of the
equipment.
8.1 Basic Concepts Related to Alarms

Alarms are always the information sources for checking the running state of equipment and for
locating faults. Hence, it is necessary to understand the basic concepts related to alarms.
8.2 Alarm List
This chapter describes all the alarms that may be generated by the OptiX RTN 950.
8.3 Alarm Handling
This chapter describes how to handle related alarms of the equipment.

8 Alarm Maintenance Guide
8.1 Basic Concepts Related to Alarms

Alarms are always the information sources for checking the running state of equipment and for
locating faults. Hence, it is necessary to understand the basic concepts related to alarms.
8.1.1 Alarm Reporting Flow
The alarm reporting flow indicates the entire process from alarm generation to alarm notification.
The alarm reporting flow provides guidelines for the user to handle alarms.
8.1.2 Alarm Correlation
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the alarm correlation analysis function. Learning the alarm
correlation can facilitate the fault locating. This section mainly describes the correlation rules
of common service alarms of the OptiX RTN 950, and explains the alarm correlation by taking
the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm as the example.
8.1.3 Alarm Category
According to the standards and functions of the U2000, alarms are classified into several
categories.
8.1.4 Alarm Severity
The alarm severity always indicates the importance, impact and urgency of an alarm. Alarms
are classified into four categories by the severity, that is, critical alarms, major alarms, minor
alarms and warning alarms.
8.1.5 Alarm Notification
Instant awareness of alarms is very important for handling alarms and maintaining the network.
The equipment and the U2000 provide different means of notifying alarms to the user.
8.1.1 Alarm Reporting Flow

The alarm reporting flow indicates the entire process from alarm generation to alarm notification.
The alarm reporting flow provides guidelines for the user to handle alarms.
Figure 8-1 shows the alarm reporting flow.

Figure 8-1 Alarm reporting flow diagram

The board monitors the alarm
and the alarm is saved in the
alarm database of the board
Whether Yes The alarm is sheltered

to set the alarm and the board does
shelter? not monitor the alarm
No
The alarm is saved in the alarm
database of the system control
board
Whether Yes The alarm is suppressed

to set the alarm and the board does not
suppression? report the alarm any more
No
The alarm is automatically

reported
Whether to Yes
set the equipment alarm Discard the alarm data
filtering?
No
The NM monitors the NM
The alarm data is saved
alarm and the alarm is Yes
in the NM server
saved in the NM server
Whether
Analyse the alarm correlation to set the alarm
suppression?
No
Displayed on the NM client
Whether
No
to set the alarm
reporting?
Yes
The alarm data is sent to the

receive ternimal
NOTE
For details on the alarm suppression, alarm synchronization, alarm automatic reporting, alarm filtering and
alarm notification, see the iManager U2000 Online Help.
8.1.2 Alarm Correlation

The OptiX RTN 950 supports the alarm correlation analysis function. Learning the alarm
correlation can facilitate the fault locating. This section mainly describes the correlation rules
of common service alarms of the OptiX RTN 950, and explains the alarm correlation by taking
the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm as the example.

Concepts
When faults or anomalies occur in the network, a series of alarms are reported. Some of the
alarms are crucial to fault locating and these alarms are considered as key alarms. Some alarms
interfere in the fault locating and these alarms are considered as interference alarms. Then, the
key alarms and the interference alarms have the alarm correlation.
Alarms with correlation have the following features:
l Alarms (root alarm) directly caused by faults or anomalies can generate some other alarms
(non-root alarms). The root alarms and non-root alarms have the alarm correlation.
l If multiple alarms result from the same fault or anomaly, these alarms have the alarm
correlation.
To make the alarm information facilitate the fault locating in a more effective manner, you can
set the alarm correlation rules on the U2000 and enable the alarm correlation analysis function.
Then, you can make the NE only report the key alarms, that is, make the key alarms suppress
the relevant interference alarms.
Rules
The alarm correlation rules for the OptiX RTN 950 are as follows:
l The alarm suppression is realized in the same equipment.
l The root alarm suppresses the non-root alarm.
l The alarm resulting from the fault at the lower layer of the service hierarchical model
suppresses the alarm resulting from the fault at the upper layer of the service hierarchical
model.
Layers, from the lower to the upper in the service hierarchical model, are physical, data link,
tunnel, PW and emulated service. In the model, the upper layers depend on the services provided
by the lower layers. When a lower layer and a upper layer have faults at the same time, to remove
the fault at the upper layer, the fault at the lower layer must be removed first. At this time, the
alarm resulting from the lower-layer fault suppresses the alarm resulting from the upper-layer
fault.
NOTE
l Be cautious to set the alarm correlation rules, because they are the basis of the alarm correlation analysis
and can affect the result of the analysis.
l Normally, use the default correlation rules on the U2000.
l The alarm correlation analysis function is disabled by default. To use the alarm correlation rules to
perform the alarm correlation analysis, you need to manually enable the analysis function.
As show in Figure 8-2, the alarm correlation rules are illustrated based on the Ethernet services
carried at the Ethernet port.

Figure 8-2 Alarm correlation rules of the Ethernet services carried at the Ethernet port
LSR_NO_FITED
Physical
LASER_MOD_ERR ETH_LOS LASER_SHUT
ETH_LINK_DOWN
Data-Link MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI
LAG_MEMBER_ MAC_FCS_EXC ETH_EFM_DF

DOWN
ETH_EFM_ MAC_FCS_SD ETH_EFM_

LOOPBACK REMFAULT
ETH_EFM_EVENT
MPLS_TUNNEL_ MPLS_TUNNEL_
FDI MISMERGE
Tunnel
MPLS_TUNNEL_
MISMATCH
MPLS_TUNNEL_ MPLS_TUNNEL_ MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI

BDI LOCV MPLS_PW_FDI
MPLS_TUNNEL_ MPLS_TUNNEL_ MPLS_TUNNEL_SF

UNKNOWN Excess
MPLS_TUNNEL_SD
MPLS_PW_FDI MPLS_PW_MISM
PW ERGE
MPLS_PW_BDI MPLS_PW_MISM
ATCH
MPLS_PW_LOCV MPLS_PW_BDI
MPLS_PW_UNKN MPLS_PW_Excess MPLS_PW_SF

OWN
MPLS_PW_SD
ETH_CFM_RDI ETH_CFM_MISME ETH_CFM_

Emulated RGE DefMACstatus
Service
Ethernet ETH_CFM_UNEXP
ERI
ETH_CFM_LOC ETH_CFM_RDI
FDBSIZEALM_ ETH_CFM_SF
ELAN
ETH_CFM_SD
A1 A2 Alarm A1 suppresses alarm A2 A N Alarm A suppresses the notification

message N sent by the local NE
N N indicates the notification message that is sent N1 N2 Notification message N1 suppresses
or received by the NE notification message N2
A N The NE generates alarm A and N A Notification message N suppresses
sends the notification message N to alarm A
other NEs

Illustration
As shown in Figure 8-3, an E-Line service is configured between NE1 and NE3, and NE2 is
involved. Each segment of the service is over the FE link. In addition, the alarm correlation
analysis function is enabled for NE1, NE2 and NE3.
Figure 8-3 Illustration of the alarm correlation analysis
ETH _LINK_ DOWN ETH_ LINK _ DOWN MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI
NE 1 NE 2 NE 3
When the receive working mode is inconsistent with the transmit working mode on the FE link
between NE1 and NE2, the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm is reported at the relevant ports on NE1
and NE2. Because the alarm correlation analysis function is enabled for the three NEs, the
ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm suppresses the MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI, LAG_MEMBER_DOWN
(if there is an LAG), MAC_FCS_EXC and ETH_EFM_DF alarms. In the meantime, NE2
transmits the MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI notification packet to NE3. After NE3 receives the
notification packet, the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm is suppressed.
According to the previous illustration, if all the NEs in the network are enabled with the alarm
correlation analysis function, when faults occur in the network, the NEs only need to report the
key alarms to the U2000. This can facilitate the fault location.
8.1.3 Alarm Category

According to the standards and functions of the U2000, alarms are classified into several
categories.
The six types of alarms are listed as follows:

l Communication alarm, which indicates anomalies in NE communication and optical signal
communication, such as interruption of NE communication and loss of optical signals.
l Processing alarm, which indicates anomalies in software processing, such as failure to back
up database, and failure to perform protection switching.
l Equipment alarm, which indicates anomalies in equipment hardware, such as failure of the
laser and loopback of the optical interface.
l Service alarm, which indicates anomalies in service status and network QoS, such as MS
performance over-threshold.
l Environment alarm, which indicates anomalies in the power supply system and the
equipment room environment (temperature, relative humidity, access control, and so on),
such as excessively high temperature of the power supply module.
l Security alarm, which indicates anomalies in security of the U2000 and NE, such as logout
of the NE user.

8.1.4 Alarm Severity

The alarm severity always indicates the importance, impact and urgency of an alarm. Alarms
are classified into four categories by the severity, that is, critical alarms, major alarms, minor
alarms and warning alarms.
Table 8-1 lists details on how to handle alarms at different severity levels.
Table 8-1 Alarm severity

Alarm Severity Definition Handling Principle
Critical alarm The critical severity level Handle it immediately.

indicates that a service
affecting condition has
occurred and an immediate
corrective action is required.
Such a severity can be
reported, for example, when
a managed object becomes
totally out of service and its
capability must be restored.
Major alarm The major severity level Handle it urgently.

indicates that a service
affecting condition has
developed and an urgent
corrective action is required.
Such a severity can be
reported, for example, when
there is a severe degradation
in the capability of the
managed object and its full
capability must be restored.
Minor alarm The minor severity level Find the alarm cause, handle
indicates the existence of a it correctly, and remove the
non-service affecting fault potential trouble.
condition and that corrective
action should be taken in
order to prevent a more
serious (for example, service
affecting) fault. Such a
severity can be reported, for
example, when the detected
alarm condition is not
currently degrading the
capacity of the managed
object.

Alarm Severity Definition Handling Principle
Warning alarm The warning severity level Analyze the alarm cause, and
indicates the detection of a remove the potential trouble.
potential or impending
service affecting fault, before
any significant effects have
been felt. Action should be
taken to further diagnose (if
necessary) and correct the
problem in order to prevent it
from becoming a more
serious service affecting
fault.
8.1.5 Alarm Notification

Instant awareness of alarms is very important for handling alarms and maintaining the network.
The equipment and the U2000 provide different means of notifying alarms to the user.
Alarm Notifying Means of the U2000

The U2000 has the following means of notifying alarms.
l Alarm color
l Alarm browsing interface
l Alarm box
l Sound box
l Remote alarm notification
Alarm Notifying Means of the Equipment

The equipment mainly uses the alarm indicators on the cabinet and boards to notify alarms at
different severity levels.
8.2 Alarm List

This chapter describes all the alarms that may be generated by the OptiX RTN 950.
8.2.1 SL91CXPR Board Alarm List
8.2.2 TND1IFE2 Board Alarm List
8.2.3 SL91IFU2 Board Alarm List
8.2.4 SL91IFX2 Board Alarm List
8.2.5 SL91EM6T/EM6F Board Alarm List
8.2.6 TND1EF8T Board Alarm List
8.2.7 TND1EF8F Board Alarm List

8.2.8 TND1EG2 Board Alarm List

8.2.9 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Board Alarm List
8.2.10 TND1CD1 Board Alarm List
8.2.11 TND1AUXQ Board Alarm List
8.2.12 ODU Alarm List
8.2.13 TND1PIU Board Alarm List
8.2.14 TND1FAN Board Alarm List
8.2.1 SL91CXPR Board Alarm List

BD_NOT_INSTALLED MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess S1_SYN_CHANGE
BD_STATUS MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI SECU_ALM
CPU_BUSY MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIM

EOUT
BUS_ERR MPLS_TUNNEL_MIS- SWDL_AUTOMATCH_IN

MATCH H
CFCARD_FAILED MPLS_TUNNEL_MIS- SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL

MERGE
CFCARD_OFFLINE MPLS_TUNNEL_SD SWDL_INPROCESS
CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE MPLS_TUNNEL_SF SWDL_NEPKGCHECK
COMMUN_FAIL MPLS_TUNNEL_UN- SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT

KNOWN
DBMS_ERROR MSSW_DIFFERENT SWDL_PKGVER_MM
DBMS_PROTECT_MODE MPLS_TUNNEL_OAMI- SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL

NIT
ETH_APS_LOST NESTATE_INSTALL SYN_BAD
ETH_APS_PATH_MIS- PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT SYNC_C_LOS

MATCH
ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL PATCH_DEACT_TIME- SYNC_DISABLE

OUT
ETH_APS_TYPE_MIS- PATCH_ERR SYNC_F_M_SWITCH

MATCH
EXT_SYNC_LOS PATCH_PKGERR SYNC_FAIL
EXT_TIME_LOC PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST SYNC_LOCKOFF
K1_K2_M POWER_ABNORMAL SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL
HARD_BAD K2_M TEMP_OVER

RELAY_ALARM_CRITI- TR_LOC
LAG_DOWN CAL
RELAY_ALARM_IG- W_OFFLINE
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN NORE
LTI RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR WRG_BD_TYPE
MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI RELAY_ALARM_MINOR -
MEM_OVER LPS_UNI_BI_M -
8.2.2 TND1IFE2 Board Alarm List

AM_DOWNSHIFT BUS_ERR HARD_BAD
IF_CABLE_OPEN LOOP_ALM MW_BER_EXC
MW_BER_SD MW_FEC_UNCOR MW_LIM
MW_LOF MW_RDI BD_STATUS
R_LOC RPS_INDI TEMP_ALARM
VOLT_LOS WRG_BD_TYPE POWER_ABNORMAL
8.2.3 SL91IFU2 Board Alarm List

MW_LOF MW_RDI R_LOC
BD_STATUS RPS_INDI TEMP_ALARM
VOLT_LOS WRG_BD_TYPE POWER_ABNORMAL
8.2.4 SL91IFX2 Board Alarm List

MW_LOF MW_RDI BD_STATUS

R_LOC TEMP_ALARM RPS_INDI
VOLT_LOS XPIC_LOS WRG_BD_TYPE
POWER_ABNORMAL - -
8.2.5 SL91EM6T/EM6F Board Alarm List

ETH_LOS LOOP_ALM HARD_BAD
FLOW_OVER TEMP_OVER BD_STATUS
WRG_BD_TYPE LSR_NO_FITED(Reported LASER_MOD_ERR

by the EM6F only) (Reported by the EM6F only)
8.2.6 TND1EF8T Board Alarm List

ETH_LOS LOOP_ALM HARD_BAD
ETH_LINK_DOWN ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOW BD_STATUS

N
FLOW_OVER TEMP_OVER TR_LOC
POWER_ABNORMAL WRG_BD_TYPE -
8.2.7 TND1EF8F Board Alarm List

BD_STATUS LASER_MOD_ERR OUT_PWR_ABN
ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOW LASER_SHUT POWER_ABNORMAL

N
ETH_LINK_DOWN LOOP_ALM TEM_HA
ETH_LOS LSR_BCM_ALM TEM_LA
FLOW_OVER LSR_NO_FITED TEMP_OVER
HARD_BAD LSR_WILL_DIE TR_LOC
IN_PWR_ABN WRG_BD_TYPE -

8.2.8 TND1EG2 Board Alarm List

BD_STATUS LASER_MOD_ERR OUT_PWR_ABN
ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOW LASER_SHUT POWER_ABNORMAL

N
ETH_LINK_DOWN LOOP_ALM TEM_HA
ETH_LOS LSR_BCM_ALM TEM_LA
FLOW_OVER LSR_NO_FITED TEMP_OVER
HARD_BAD LSR_WILL_DIE TR_LOC
IN_PWR_ABN WRG_BD_TYPE -
8.2.9 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Board Alarm List

ALM_E1RAI DOWN_E1_AIS PPP_NCP_FAIL
ALM_IMA_LIF HARD_BAD T_ALOS
ALM_IMA_LODS IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN TEMP_OVER
ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UN- IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN TR_LOC

USABLE
ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UN- IMAE1_DELAY UP_E1_AIS

USABLE
ALM_IMA_RFI LFA VC_AIS
BD_STATUS LMFA VC_LOC
CES_JTROVR_EXC LOOP_ALM VC_RDI
CES_JTRUDR_EXC MP_DELAY VP_AIS
CES_LOSPKT_EXC MP_DOWN VP_LOC
CES_MALPKT_EXC POWER_ABNORMAL VP_RDI
CES_MISORDERPKT_EX PPP_LCP_FAIL WRG_BD_TYPE

C
CES_STRAYPKT_EXC - -
8.2.10 TND1CD1 Board Alarm List

ALM_ALS HARD_BAD MS_AIS

ALM_IMA_LIF HP_LOM MS_RDI
ALM_IMA_LODS HP_RDI OUT_PWR_ABN
ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UN- HP_SLM POWER_ABNORMAL

USABLE
ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UN- HP_TIM PPP_LCP_FAIL

USABLE
ALM_IMA_RFI HP_UNEQ PPP_NCP_FAIL
AU_AIS IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN R_LOC
AU_LOP IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN R_LOF
B1_EXC IN_PWR_ABN R_LOS
B1_SD J0_MM TEM_HA
B2_EXC LASER_MOD_ERR TEM_LA
B2_SD LASER_SHUT TEMP_OVER
B3_EXC LOOP_ALM(IMA) TR_LOC
B3_SD LP_RDI_VC12 TU_AIS_VC12
BD_STATUS LP_RFI TU_LOP_VC12
BIP_EXC LP_SLM_VC12 V5_VCAIS
BIP_SD LP_TIM_VC12 VC_AIS
CES_JTROVR_EXC LP_UNEQ_VC12 VC_LOC
CES_JTRUDR_EXC LSR_BCM_ALM VC_RDI
CES_LOSPKT_EXC LSR_NO_FITED VP_AIS
CES_MALPKT_EXC LSR_WILL_DIE VP_LOC
CES_MISORDERPKT_EX MP_DELAY VP_RDI

C
CES_STRAYPKT_EXC MP_DOWN WRG_BD_TYPE
8.2.11 TND1AUXQ Board Alarm List

BD_STATUS FLOW_OVER POWER_ABNORMAL
ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOW HARD_BAD TEMP_OVER

N
ETH_LINK_DOWN LOOP_ALM TR_LOC
ETH_LOS WRG_BD_TYPE -

8.2.12 ODU Alarm List

BD_STATUS CONFIG_NOSUPPORT HARD_BAD
IF_INPWR_ABN LOOP_ALM POWER_ALM
RADIO_MUTE RADIO_RSL_LOW RADIO_RSL_HIGH
RADIO_TSL_LOW RADIO_TSL_HIGH TEMP_ALARM
RADIO_FADING_MARGI - -
N_INSUFF
8.2.13 TND1PIU Board Alarm List

BD_STATUS THUNDERALM WRG_BD_TYPE
POWER_ABNORMAL - -
8.2.14 TND1FAN Board Alarm List

BD_STATUS FAN_FAIL WRG_BD_TYPE
8.3 Alarm Handling

This chapter describes how to handle related alarms of the equipment.
8.3.1 Alarm Handling General Flow
This section describes the flowchart for handling alarms on the OptiX RTN 950 equipment.
8.3.2 ALM_ALS
8.3.3 ALM_E1RAI
8.3.4 ALM_IMA_LIF
8.3.5 ALM_IMA_LODS
8.3.6 ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE
8.3.7 ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE
8.3.8 ALM_IMA_RFI
8.3.9 AM_DOWNSHIFT
8.3.10 AU_AIS

8.3.11 AU_LOP
8.3.12 B1_EXC
8.3.13 B1_SD
8.3.14 B2_EXC
8.3.15 B2_SD
8.3.16 B3_EXC
8.3.17 B3_SD
8.3.18 BD_NOT_INSTALLED
8.3.19 BD_STATUS
8.3.20 BIP_EXC
8.3.21 BIP_SD
8.3.22 BUS_ERR
8.3.23 CES_JTROVR_EXC
8.3.24 CES_JTRUDR_EXC
8.3.25 CES_LOSPKT_EXC
8.3.26 CES_MALPKT_EXC
8.3.27 CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC
8.3.28 CES_STRAYPKT_EXC
8.3.29 CFCARD_FAILED
8.3.30 CFCARD_OFFLINE
8.3.31 CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE
8.3.32 CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
8.3.33 COMMUN_FAIL
8.3.34 CPU_BUSY
8.3.35 DBMS_ERROR
8.3.36 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE
8.3.37 DOWN_E1_AIS
8.3.38 ETH_APS_LOST
8.3.39 ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH
8.3.40 ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL
8.3.41 ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH
8.3.42 ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN
8.3.43 ETH_LINK_DOWN

8.3.44 ETH_LOS
8.3.45 EXT_SYNC_LOS
8.3.46 EXT_TIME_LOC
8.3.47 FAN_FAIL
8.3.48 FLOW_OVER
8.3.49 GSP_TNNL_DOWN
8.3.50 HARD_BAD
8.3.51 HP_LOM
8.3.52 HP_RDI
8.3.53 HP_SLM
8.3.54 HP_TIM
8.3.55 HP_UNEQ
8.3.56 IF_CABLE_OPEN
8.3.57 IF_INPWR_ABN
8.3.58 IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN
8.3.59 IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN
8.3.60 IMAE1_DELAY
8.3.61 IN_PWR_ABN
8.3.62 J0_MM
8.3.63 LAG_DOWN
8.3.64 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN
8.3.65 LASER_MOD_ERR
8.3.66 LASER_SHUT
8.3.67 LFA
8.3.68 LMFA
8.3.69 LOOP_ALM
8.3.70 LP_RDI_VC12
8.3.71 LP_RFI
8.3.72 LP_SLM_VC12
8.3.73 LP_TIM_VC12
8.3.74 LP_UNEQ_VC12
8.3.75 LSR_BCM_ALM
8.3.76 LSR_NO_FITED

8.3.77 LSR_WILL_DIE
8.3.78 LTI
8.3.79 MAC_FCS_EXC
8.3.80 MP_DELAY
8.3.81 MP_DOWN
8.3.82 MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI
8.3.83 MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess
8.3.84 MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI
8.3.85 MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV
8.3.86 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH
8.3.87 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE
8.3.88 MPLS_TUNNEL_SD
8.3.89 MPLS_TUNNEL_SF
8.3.90 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN
8.3.91 MS_AIS
8.3.92 MS_RDI
8.3.93 MSSW_DIFFERENT
8.3.94 MW_BER_EXC
8.3.95 MW_BER_SD
8.3.96 MW_FEC_UNCOR
8.3.97 MW_LIM
8.3.98 MW_LOF
8.3.99 MW_RDI
8.3.100 NESF_LOST
8.3.101 NESTATE_INSTALL
8.3.102 OUT_PWR_ABN
8.3.103 PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT
8.3.104 PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT
8.3.105 PATCH_ERR
8.3.106 PATCH_PKGERR
8.3.107 PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST
8.3.109 POWER_ALM

8.3.110 PPP_LCP_FAIL
8.3.111 PPP_NCP_FAIL
8.3.112 PW_DOWN
8.3.113 R_LOC
8.3.114 R_LOF
8.3.115 R_LOS
8.3.116 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF
8.3.117 RADIO_MUTE
8.3.118 RADIO_RSL_HIGH
8.3.119 RADIO_RSL_LOW
8.3.120 RADIO_TSL_HIGH
8.3.121 RADIO_TSL_LOW
8.3.122 RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL
8.3.123 RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR
8.3.124 RELAY_ALARM_MINOR
8.3.125 RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE
8.3.126 RPS_INDI
8.3.127 S1_SYN_CHANGE
8.3.128 SECU_ALM
8.3.129 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT
8.3.130 SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH
8.3.131 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL
8.3.132 SWDL_INPROCESS
8.3.133 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK
8.3.134 SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT
8.3.135 SWDL_PKGVER_MM
8.3.136 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL
8.3.137 SYN_BAD
8.3.138 SYNC_C_LOS
8.3.139 SYNC_DISABLE
8.3.140 SYNC_F_M_SWITCH
8.3.141 SYNC_FAIL
8.3.142 SYNC_LOCKOFF

8.3.143 SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL
8.3.144 T_ALOS
8.3.145 TEM_HA
8.3.146 TEM_LA
8.3.147 TEMP_ALARM
8.3.148 TEMP_OVER
8.3.149 THUNDERALM
8.3.150 TR_LOC
8.3.151 TU_AIS_VC12
8.3.152 TU_LOP_VC12
8.3.153 UP_E1_AIS
8.3.154 V5_VCAIS
8.3.155 VC_AIS
8.3.156 VC_LOC
8.3.157 VC_RDI
8.3.158 VOLT_LOS
8.3.159 VP_AIS
8.3.160 VP_LOC
8.3.161 VP_RDI
8.3.162 W_OFFLINE
8.3.163 WRG_BD_TYPE
8.3.1 Alarm Handling General Flow

This section describes the flowchart for handling alarms on the OptiX RTN 950 equipment.
Principles in Alarm Handling

When handling an alarm, you should follow the principles as below:
l Root alarm first, then non-root alarm.
According to the correlation rules of common service alarms, firstly handle the alarms (root
alarm) directly caused by faults or anomalies, and then handle the non-root alarms.
l U2000 first, then NE.
Firstly confirm the causes of an alarm remotely over U2000, and then confirm the causes
on the actually NE.
l General cause first, then special cause.

According to the experiences of handling an alarm and other alarm-related information,

firstly confirm the general causes of an alarm, and then confirm the special causes of an
alarm.
l Software first, then hardware.
If an alarm is caused by equipment faults, firstly confirm software faults (reset board for
example), and the confirm hardware faults (replace board for example).
Precautions
CAUTION
The board replacement and cold reset operations mentioned in this document may interrupt
services. If no protection is configured for the services involved on the board for replacement
and cold reset, exercise caution when performing these operations.
NOTE
For any problem in the alarm handling process, contact Huawei engineers. For the contact information,
refer to 3.14 Fault Notification and Technical Support.
Alarm Handling General Flow

The general process of handling alarms on the OptiX RTN 950 equipment is as follows.
1. On the Main Topology of the U2000, right-click the NE icon and choose Browse Current
Alarms to display the Browse Current Alarms dialog box.
2. View the Location Info column and record the locating information for each alarm.
NOTE
l The alarm locating information includes the NE that reports the alarm, slot number, board name,
sub-slot number, sub-board name, port ID, channel ID, clock source number, and other index
information.
l The locating information is specific to alarms.
l If an alarm is displayed on a green background, it indicates that the alarm is cleared.
3. Query and record alarm parameters in the Alarm Details field in the lower left corner.
4. In the Handling Suggestion field in the lower right corner, click Details to display the
U2000 Online Help interface, where the details on alarm handling are displayed.

5. Refer to the U2000 Online Help interface and clear the alarm.
8.3.2 ALM_ALS
Description
The ALM_ALS is an alarm of automatic laser shutdown (ALS). When the ALS function is
enabled on an optical interface of the board, and the R_LOS alarms occurs at the same optical
interface, the laser is shut down automatically. In this case, this alarm occurs on the board.
Attribute
Alarm ID Alarm Severity Alarm Type
0x0128 Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the ALM_ALS alarm occurs, the system will suppresses the LSR_BCM_ALM and
OUT_PWR_ABN alarms.
Possible Causes
The cause of the ALM_ALS alarm is as follows:
The laser detects no input of light and the ALS function is enabled.
Procedure
l Cause: The laser detects no input of light and the ALS function is enabled.
1. Disable the ALS function, and the alarm will be cleared automatically. For details,
refer to 7.25 Configuring Automatic Laser Shutdown.
2. Optional: Clear the R_LOS alarm, and then restart the ALS function.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.3 ALM_E1RAI
Description
The ALM_E1RAI is an E1 link alarm indicator on the opposite NE.
Attribute
0xf886 Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None

When the ALM_E1RAI alarm occurs, the downlink services on the local NE are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_E1RAI alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The T_ALOS, LFA, LMFA, UP_E1_AIS or DOWN_E1_AIS alarm occurs at the
opposite end of the E1 link, and the local end receives the ALM_E1RAI alarm inserted in
the downstream by the opposite end.
l Cause 2: The physical link is interrupted.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The T_ALOS, LFA, LMFA, UP_E1_AIS or DOWN_E1_AIS alarm occurs at the
opposite end of the E1 link, and the local end receives the ALM_E1RAI alarm inserted in
the downstream by the opposite end.
1. Check whether the T_ALOS, LFA, LMFA, UP_E1_AIS, or DOWN_E1_AIS alarm
occurs at the opposite end of the E1 link. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear these alarms on the opposite NE firstly. Then, check whether the
ALM_E1RAI alarm is cleared.
1. Check whether the physical link to the opposite NE is interrupted.
2. If yes, modify the interrupted physical link.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.4 ALM_IMA_LIF
Description
The ALM_IMA_LIF is an alarm of out-of-frame in the IMA link. This alarm indicates
delimitation of received IMA frames is lost on the local NE.
Attribute
0xf87e Major Communication alarm
Parameters
When you view an alarm on the network management system, select the alarm. In the Alarm
Details field display the related parameters of the alarm. The alarm parameters are in the
following format: Alarm Parameters (hex): parameter1 parameter2...parameterN, for example,
Alarm Parameters (hex): 0x01 0x08. For details about each parameter, refer to the following
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1, Parameter 2 Indicates the ATM trunk.

l In the case of the ALM_IMA_LIF alarm, the IMA link in the IMA group indicated by the
alarm parameter is unavailable and thus the number of available links in the IMA group
decreases. If the service bandwidth configured for this IMA group is greater than the service
bandwidth of the available links in the IMA group, congestion occurs at the IMA ports. As
a result, the cells are lost.
l After the ALM_IMA_LIF alarm is cleared, the IMA link automatically becomes available.
l The ALM_IMA_LIF alarm will be suppressed when the UP_E1_AIS alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_IMA_LIF alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The IMA protocols at the two ends fail to negotiate with each other.
l Cause 2: The physical link for the IMA link becomes faulty.
Procedure

1. On the U2000, set the IMA Protocol Enable Status parameter to Disabled for the
NEs at the two ends. For details, refer to Configuring the IMA in Feature
Description.
2. Check the configuration of the IMA group at the two ends and ensure that the IMA
group parameters are matched.
3. Set the IMA Protocol Enable Status parameter to Enabled for the NEs at the two
ends to re-activate the IMA protocol. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. Check whether the fibers or cables are correctly connected to the ports on the NEs at
the two ends. If not, correct the fiber or cable connection.
2. Check whether the fibers or cables are faulty. If yes, replace the fibers or cables.
----End
Related Information
Frame delimitation out-of-frame
The physical layer performs frame delimitation. The start bytes of frames indicate the start point
of the field carrying information. If the frame delimitation bytes in the input bit stream are
unknown, the bit stream is considered as out-of-frame.
8.3.5 ALM_IMA_LODS
Description
The ALM_IMA_LODS is an alarm indicating that the differential delay in the IMA link crosses
the threshold. This alarm indicates that the maximum differential delay among the receive links
in the local IMA group crosses the threshold.
Attribute
0xf87f Major Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


l In the case of the ALM_IMA_LODS alarm, the IMA link in the IMA group indicated by
the alarm parameter is unavailable and thus the number of available links in the IMA group
l After the ALM_IMA_LODS alarm is cleared, the IMA link automatically becomes
available.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_IMA_LODS alarm are as follows:
Procedure
Description.
----End
Related Information
Differential Delay
Differential delay indicates the delay difference of the services among the E1 links. A buffer of
1024 cells is provided for delay in each E1 link. The maximum differential delay is 256 ms.
8.3.6 ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE
Description
The ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE is an alarm indicating the unavailability of receiving
signals in the IMA link on the opposite NE. This alarm indicates that the IMA link fails to receive
signals and is unavailable.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l In the case of the ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE alarm, the IMA link in the IMA group
indicated by the alarm parameter is unavailable and thus the number of available links in
the IMA group decreases. If the service bandwidth configured for this IMA group is greater
than the service bandwidth of the available links in the IMA group, congestion occurs at
the IMA ports. As a result, the cells are lost.
l After the ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE alarm is cleared, the IMA link automatically
becomes available.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE alarm are as follows:
Procedure
Description.

----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.7 ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE
Description
The ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE is an alarm indicating the unavailability of transmitting
signals in the IMA link on the opposite NE. This alarm indicates that the IMA link fails to
transmit signals and is unavailable.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l In the case of the ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE alarm, the IMA link in the IMA group
indicated by the alarm parameter is unavailable and thus the number of available links in
the IMA group decreases. If the service bandwidth configured for this IMA group is greater
than the service bandwidth of the available links in the IMA group, congestion occurs at
the IMA ports. As a result, the cells are lost.
l After the ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE alarm is cleared, the IMA link automatically
becomes available.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE alarm are as follows:

Procedure
Description.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.8 ALM_IMA_RFI
Description
The ALM_IMA_RFI alarm indicates out-of-frame of the frames received in the remote IMA
link. When delimitating the frames received in the remote IMA link fails, the ALM_IMA_RFI
alarm is reported.
Attribute
0xf880 Major Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


l In the case of the ALM_IMA_RFI alarm, the IMA link in the IMA group indicated by the
alarm parameter is unavailable and thus the number of available links in the IMA group
l After the ALM_IMA_RFI alarm is cleared, the IMA link automatically becomes available.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ALM_IMA_RFI alarm are as follows:
Procedure
Description.
----End
Related Information
Frame delimitation out-of-frame
The physical layer performs frame delimitation. The start bytes of frames indicate the start point
of the field carrying information. If the frame delimitation bytes in the input bit stream are
unknown, the bit stream is considered as out-of-frame.
8.3.9 AM_DOWNSHIFT
Description
The AM_DOWNSHIFT is an alarm indicating the downshift of the AM scheme. This alarm
occurs when the AM scheme is downshifted from the highest-efficiency scheme to the lower-
efficiency scheme. When the AM scheme is upshifted from the lower-efficiency scheme to the
highest scheme, this alarm is cleared.

Attribute
0x32FA Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

When the AM_DOWNSHIFT alarm occurs, the transmission capacity is reduced.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the AM_DOWNSHIFT alarm is the degradation of the working channels.
l The external factors (for example, the climate) cause the degradation of the working
channels.
l There are interferences around the working channels.
l The ODU at the transmit end has abnormal transmit power.
l The ODU at the receive end has abnormal receive power.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the external factors (for example, the climate) cause the degradation of the
working channels.
If... Then...
Yes The downshift is a normal phenomenon and there is no need to handle it.
No Proceed to next step.
Step 2 Check whether there are interferences around the working channels.
If... Then...
Yes Eliminate the interferences.
Step 3 Use the U2000 to check whether the transmit power of the ODU at the transmit end is abnormal.
If... Then...
Yes Rectify the fault according to the alarm at the transmit end. For how to rectify the fault,
see "Troubleshooting Microwave Links".
Step 4 Rectify the fault of the receive power at the receive end.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.10 AU_AIS
Description
The AU_AIS is an alarm of administrative unit (AU) indication. This alarm occurs, when the
pointer value received on the receive side of the local optical interface is all "1"s.
Attribute
0x48 Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the AU_AIS alarm occurs, the VC4 path-level services are interrupted if the network
is unprotected.
l In this case, the AU-AIS alarm occurs at the downstream NE.
l When any alarm listed in Table 8-3 occurs, the system suppresses the AU_AIS alarm.
l When the AU_AIS alarm occurs, the system suppresses any alarm listed in Table 8-4.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the AU_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: Root alarms listed in Table 8-2 on the opposite NE inserts the AU_AIS alarm to
the local NE.
l Cause 2: The opposite NE inserts the AIS cells to the local NE.
l Cause 3: The receive board of the local NE is faulty.
l Cause 4: The transmitting board of the opposite NE is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: Root alarms listed in Table 8-2 on the opposite NE inserts the AU_AIS alarm to
the local NE.
1. On the U2000, check whether any alarm listed in Table 8-2 occurs on the opposite
NE. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the root alarm on the opposite NE and check whether the AU_AIS alarm
on the local NE is cleared.
l Cause 2: The opposite NE inserts the AIS cells to the local NE.

1. Perform an inloop on the service port at the opposite NE. For details, refer to 7.9
Configuring Port Loopback.
After the inloop is performed, if the AU_AIS alarm occurs on the opposite NE,
the AU_AIS alarm of the local NE is from the opposite NE. Go to step 2.
After the inloop is performed, if the AU-AIS alarm does not occurs on the opposite
NE, the receive board of the local NE is faulty. Refer to the handling procedure of
cause 3 to clear the AU_AIS alarm.
2. Check whether the AU_AIS alarm or any alarm listed in Table 8-2 occurs on the
upstream NE of the opposite NE.
If yes, go to step 3.
If not, the transmitting board of the opposite NE is faulty. Refer to the handling
procedure of cause 4 to clear the AU_AIS alarm.
3. Repeat step 1 and locate the upstream NE that first inserts the AIS cells.
4. Find out the alarms listed in Table 8-2 on the board of the corresponding service
source and clear them. Then, check whether the AU_AIS alarm on the local NE is
cleared.
1. Replace the faulty board and check whether the AU_AIS alarm is cleared. For details,
refer to 5 Replacing Components.
l Cause 4: The transmitting board of the opposite NE is faulty.
1. Replace the faulty board and check whether the AU_AIS alarm is cleared. For details,
----End
Related Information
Table 8-2 lists alarms that can cause the AU_AIS alarm occur on the downstream NE.
Table 8-2 Alarms that can cause the AU_AIS alarm occur on the downstream NE
AU_AIS B2_SD HP_TIM
AU_LOP B3_EXC MS_AIS
B1_EXC B3_SD R_LOF
B1_SD HP_SLM R_LOS
B2_EXC - -
Table 8-3 lists alarms that suppress the AU_AIS alarm.
Table 8-3 Alarms that can suppress the AU_AIS alarm

B1_EXC MS_AIS R_LOS
B2_EXC R_LOF -

Table 8-4 lists alarms that are suppressed by the AU_AIS alarm.
Table 8-4 Alarms that are suppressed by the AU_AIS alarm.
B3_EXC HP_RDI LP_SLM
B3_SD HP_SLM LP_TIM
BIP_EXC HP_TIM LP_UNEQ
BIP_SD HP_UNEQ TU_AIS
HP_LOM LP_RDI TU_LOP
8.3.11 AU_LOP
Description
The AU_LOP is an alarm indicating that the administrative unit (AU) pointer is lost. This alarm
occurs, when eight NDF frames or invalid pointer values are consecutively received at the receive
side of the local optical interface.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the AU_LOP alarm occurs, the VC4 path-level services are interrupted.
l When the alarm occurs, the system returns the G1 byte to the opposite NE, indicating the
HP_RDI alarm. As a result, the opposite NE reports the HP_RDI alarm.
l When any alarm listed in Table 8-5 occurs, the system suppresses the AU_LOP alarm.
l When the AU_LOP alarm occurs, the system suppresses any alarm listed in Table 8-6.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the AU_LOP alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The number of bit errors received at the local station is too large.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The number of bit errors received at the local station is too large.
1. On the U2000, check whether B1_SD or B2_SD alarm occurs. For details, refer to
7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the B1_SD or B2_SD alarm first. Then, check whether the AU_LOP alarm
is cleared.
1. Check whether the hardware alarms such as the HARD_BAD occur on the related
boards or cross-connect boards of the two NEs.
2. If yes, cold-reset the board that reports the hardware alarm and then check whether
the AU_LOP alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the AU_LOP alarm persists, replace the board that reports the hardware alarm and
then check whether the AU_LOP alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
Table 8-5 lists alarms that suppress the AU_LOP alarm.
Table 8-5 Alarms that can suppress the AU_LOP alarm
R_LOS R_LOF B2_EXC
MS_AIS B1_EXC -
Table 8-6 lists alarms that are suppressed by the AU_LOP alarm.
Table 8-6 Alarms that are suppressed by the AU_LOP alarm.
B3_EXC HP_RDI LP_SLM_VC12
B3_SD HP_SLM LP_TIM_VC12
BIP_EXC HP_TIM LP_UNEQ_VC12
BIP_SD HP_UNEQ TU_LOP
HP_LOM LP_RDI_VC12 TU_AIS
8.3.12 B1_EXC
Description
The B1_EXC alarm indicates that the regenerator section B1 bit errors in the signals received
over the line reach the specified threshold. When the board checks the B1 byte and detects over-

threshold BER of the regenerator section signals, the board reports the B1_EXC alarm. By
default, the BER threshold is 1 x 10-3.
Attribute
0xC Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the B1_EXC alarm occurs, the carried services are severely degraded.
l In the case of the B1_EXC alarm, the system inserts the AU_AIS alarm by default.
l The B1_EXC alarm will be suppressed when one of the R_LOS and R_LOF alarms occurs.
l When the B1_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the AU_AIS, AU_LOP , B1_SD
and MS_RDI alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the B1_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The environment temperature is excessively high.

l Cause 2: The optical power is abnormal.
l Cause 3: The fiber connector is loose.
l Cause 4: The fiber header is dirty.
Procedure
1. Check whether the environment temperature is higher than 60 centigrade.
2. If yes, cool the environment temperature down to the range of -20 - 60 centigrade and
then check whether the B1_EXC alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, Check whether the receive optical power of the port which reports the
B1_EXC alarm and the transmitted optical power of the opposite NE are below the
normal range. For details, refer to 7.4 Checking the Optical Power.
2. If the transmitted optical power of the opposite NE is below the normal range, follow
the steps:
(1) Replace the optical module, and then check whether the alarm is cleared. For
details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
(2) check whether the flange and the optical attenuator is correctly connected at the
opposite station, and whether the attenuation of the optical attenuator is proper.

After making sure that the flange and optical attenuator are used properly, check
whether the alarm is cleared.
(3) Check whether the processing board and cross-connect board of the opposite NE
report the hardware alarms, such as HARD_BAD, or TEMP_OVER. If yes,
replace the board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
3. If the receive optical power of the local NE is below the normal range, follow the
steps:
(1) Check whether the fiber connector is loose. If yes, fasten the fiber connector and
check whether the alarm is cleared.
(2) Check whether the attenuation of the attenuator is proper. If not, adjust it to a
proper value, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
(3) Clean the fiber header and the receive optical interface on the board. For details,
refer to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
1. Check whether the fiber connector is loose.
2. If yes, fasten the fiber connector and check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. Clean the fiber header and the receive optical interface on the board. For details, refer
to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
1. Check whether the board which reports the B1_EXC alarm and cross-connect board
of the local NE report the hardware alarms, such as HARD_BAD, or
TEMP_OVER.
2. If yes, replace the board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.13 B1_SD
Description
The B1_SD is an alarm indicating that regenerator section B1 signals in the received signals are
degraded. When the board checks the B1 byte and detects over-threshold BER of the regenerator
section signals, the board reports the B1_SD alarm. By default, the BER threshold is 1 x 10-6.
Attribute
0xAF Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.


l When the B1_SD alarm occurs, the quality of the carried services is heavily degraded.
l The B1_SD alarm will be suppressed when the B1_EXC alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the B1_SD alarm are as follows:
Procedure
B1_SD alarm and the transmitted optical power of the opposite NE are below the
the steps:
steps:


1. Check whether the board which reports the B1_SD alarm and cross-connect board of
the local NE report the hardware alarms, such as HARD_BAD, or TEMP_OVER.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.14 B2_EXC
Description
The B2_EXC alarm indicates that the multiplex section B2 bit errors in the signals received over
the line reach the specified threshold. When the board checks the B2 byte and detects over-
threshold BER of the multiplex section signals, the board reports the B2_EXC alarm. By default,
the BER threshold is 1 x 10-3.
Attribute
0x23 Major QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the B2_EXC alarm occurs, the carried services are severely degraded. If the linear
MSP is configured, the B2_EXC alarm triggers protection switching.
l The B2_EXC alarm will be suppressed when one of the R_LOS and R_LOF alarms occurs.
l When the B2_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the AU_AIS, AU_LOP, B2_SD
and MS_RDI alarms.
Possible Causes


Procedure
the steps:
steps:
TEMP_OVER.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.15 B2_SD
Description
The B2_SD is an alarm indicating that multiplex section B2 signals in the received signals are
degraded. When the board checks the B2 byte and detects over-threshold BER of the multiplex
section signals, the board reports the B2_SD alarm. By default, the BER threshold is 1 x 10-6.
Attribute
0x24 Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the B2_SD alarm occurs, the quality of the carried services is heavily degraded.
Possible Causes
Procedure
the steps:

steps:
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.16 B3_EXC
Description
The B3_EXC alarm indicates that the higher order path B3 bit errors in the signals received over
the line reach the specified threshold. When the board checks the B3 byte and detects over-
threshold BER of the higher order path signals, the board reports the B3_EXC alarm. By default,
the BER threshold is 1 x 10-3.

Attribute
0x47 Major QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the B3_EXC alarm occurs, the carried services are severely degraded.
l The B3_EXC alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, B1_EXC, B2_EXC,
AU_AIS and AU_LOP alarms occurs.
l When the B3_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the B3_SD alarm.
Possible Causes

Procedure
the steps:

steps:
TEMP_OVER.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.17 B3_SD
Description
The B3_SD alarm indicates that the higher order path B3 signals in the signals received over
the line are degraded. If the board checks the B3 byte and detects over-threshold BER of the
higher order path signals, the board reports the B3_SD alarm. By default, the BER threshold is
1 x 10-6.
Attribute
0x46 Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.


l When the B3_SD alarm occurs, the path-level services are degraded.
Possible Causes
Procedure
the steps:
steps:


----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.18 BD_NOT_INSTALLED
Description
The BD_NOT_INSTALLED is an alarm indicating that the logical board is not created in the
corresponding slot. If a physical board is inserted in the corresponding slot, but the logical board
is not created on the U2000, the CXPR reports the BD_NOT_INSTALLED alarm.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the BD_NOT_INSTALLED alarm occurs, the corresponding board cannot be
configured with services.
l Alarms will not occur on the board which reports the BD_NOT_INSTALLED alarm.
Possible Causes
The causes of the BD_NOT_INSTALLED alarm is as follows:
A physical board is inserted in the slot, but the corresponding logical board is not created on the
U2000.
Procedure
l Cause: A physical board is inserted in the slot, but the corresponding logical board is not
created on the U2000.
1. Check whether the physical board keeps in use.

If not, go to step 3.
2. On the U2000, add the logical board to the corresponding slot, and then the alarm is
automatically cleared. For details, refer to Adding Boards in the Configuration
Guide manual.
3. Remove the board from the equipment and keep it in proper storage with anti-static
bag. The alarm will be automatically cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.19 BD_STATUS
Description
The BD_STATUS alarm indicates that the physical board is out of service. When the logical
board is created on the U2000 but the physical board is not inserted in the equipment, the
BD_STATUS alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x77 Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

l The physical board is not inserted in the equipment, and thus the configuration data on the
system control board cannot be delivered to this physical board. As a result, configuration
of services fails.
l Alarms will not occur on the board which reports the BD_STATUS alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the BD_STATUS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The board is undergoing cold reset.

l Cause 2: The board is not inserted, or the board is inserted but in poor contact with the
backplane.
l Cause 3: The inter-board communication fails.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The board is undergoing cold reset.
1. On the U2000, Check whether the working status of the board is displayed in blue in
the Running Status basic slots. If yes, the board is undergoing cold reset.
2. Wait for three to five minutes and the working status of the board turns green and is
always on. Then, check whether the BD_STATUS alarm ends.
l Cause 2: The board is not inserted, or the board is inserted but in poor contact with the
backplane.
1. Check whether the board is not inserted. If yes, insert the board.
2. Check whether the board properly contacts the backplane or the pins of connectors on
the backplane are all normal. If not, recover the abnormal pins and reinsert the board.
l Cause 3: The inter-board communication fails.
1. On the U2000. check whether the HARD_BAD or COMMUN_FAIL alarm occurs
on the board which reports the BD_STATUS alarm or on the system control board.
2. If yes, replace the board and then check whether the BD_STATUS alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.20 BIP_EXC
Description
The BIP_EXC alarm indicates that the BIP bit errors reach the specified threshold. When the
board checks the V5 byte and detects over-threshold BIP2 BER, the board reports the BIP_EXC
alarm. By default, the BER threshold is 1 x 10-3.
Attribute
0xB7 Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the BIP_EXC alarm occurs, the services in the VC-12 path are degraded.
l The BIP_EXC alarm will be suppressed when one of the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, AU_AIS and
AU_LOP alarms occurs.
l When the BIP_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the BIP_SD alarm.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the BIP_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: A high-level alarm such as the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, and B3_EXC occurs in the
opposite NE and causes the BIP_EXC alarm.
l Cause 2: The board becomes faulty and causes excessive BIP2 bit errors.
Procedure
opposite NE and causes the BIP_EXC alarm.
1. On the U2000, check whether the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, or B3_EXC alarm occurs on
the opposite NE.
2. If yes, clear the high-level alarms on the opposite NE first and then check whether the
BIP_EXC alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the BIP_EXC alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the BIP_EXC alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.21 BIP_SD
Description
The BIP_SD alarm indicates that the BIP signals are degraded. When the board checks the V5
byte and detects over-threshold BIP2 BER, the board reports the BIP_SD alarm. By default, the
BER threshold is 1 x 10-6.
Attribute
0xB6 Minor QoS alarm
Parameters
None.

l In the case of the BIP_SD alarm, the services in the VC-12 path are degraded.

l The BIP_SD alarm will be suppressed when one of the B1_EXC, B2_EXC and BIP_EXC
alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the BIP_SD alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: A high-level alarm such as the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, and B3_EXC occurs on the
opposite NE and causes the BIP_SD alarm.
Procedure
opposite NE and causes the BIP_SD alarm.
1. On the U2000, check whether the B1_EXC, B2_EXC, or B3_EXC alarm occurs on
the opposite NE.
2. If yes, clear the high-level alarms on the opposite NE first and then check whether the
BIP_SD alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the BIP_EXC alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the BIP_EXC alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.22 BUS_ERR
Description
The BUS_ERR alarm indicates that the bus is faulty. When the board detects that the bus
becomes abnormal, the BUS_ERR alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x179 Critical Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of bus faults.

l 0x01: BUS_LOS.
l 0x02: BUS_OOF.
l 0x03: BUS_LOF.
l 0x04: BUS_OOA.
l 0x05: BUS_RX_DOWN. Refer to Cause 3.
l 0x06: BUS_TX_DOWN.
l 0x07: BUS_SPI_DOWN.
l 0x08: BUS_SCI_ERR.
l 0x09: BUS_OPP_CLK_LOC.
l 0x0a: BUS_SERDS_ERR.
l 0x0b: BUS_MII_ERR.
l 0x0c: BUS_HW_ERR.
l 0x0d: BUS_FE_ERR.
l 0x0e: BUS_EMIF_ERR.
l 0x0f: BUS_IIC_ERR.
l 0x10: BUS_GE_LINK_ERR.
Parameter 2 Indicates the number of the faulty bus .

l In the case of the BUS_ERR alarm, the services that are transmitted over the bus are
interrupted or have bit errors.
l The BUS_ERR alarm will be suppressed when one of the BD_STATUS,
BD_NOT_INSTALLED and WRG_BD_TYPE alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the BUS_ERR alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The board is not properly housed in the slot.
l Cause 3: The board detects the inter-board bus is abnormal.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The board is not properly housed in the slot.
1. Check whether the pins on the backplane are in normal status. If not, modify the
abnormal pins.
2. Re-insert the board that reports the BUS_ERR alarm. For details, refer to 7.20
Replacing Boards on Site.

1. Cold-reset the board that reports the BUS_ERR alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the BUS_ERR alarm persists, cold-reset the cross-connect board.
3. If the BUS_ERR alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
l Cause 3: The board detects the inter-board bus is abnormal.
1. On the U2000, check whether the alarms, which indicates the clock source is lost or
is degraded, occurs. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the clock-related alarms first, and then check whether the BUS_ERR
alarm is cleared.
3. If the BUS_ERR alarm persists, check whether the board is properly housed in the
slot. Please refer to the handling procedure of Cause 1.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.23 CES_JTROVR_EXC
Description
The CES_JTROVR_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of jitter buffer overflows
exceeds the specified threshold value. If the board detects that the average number of jitter buffer
overflows exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 times per second) in a 10 second
period, this alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l The buffer area does not have enough space for the received frames, and thus the packet
loss occurs.
l If the average number of jitter buffer overflows is lower than the lower threshold value (by
default, 5 times per second) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared automatically.
l The CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm will be suppressed when the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm
occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm are as follows:

l Cause 1: The clocks may be not synchronous.

l Cause 2: The quality of the link is degraded and the jitter buffer increases.
l Cause 3: The configured buffer area is too small.
l Cause 4: A big number of hops at the NNI side increases the CES jitter buffer.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the LTI alarm or other clock-related alarms occur,
indicating the clocks are not synchronous, so that the ingress rate and egress rate of
the buffer area are inconsistent.
2. If yes, clear the LTI alarm and other clock-related alarms first, and then check whether
the CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The quality of the link is degraded and the jitter buffer increases.
1. On the U2000, check whether the IN_PWR_ABN or TEM_HA alarm occurs on the
ports that carry the service.
2. If yes, clear the IN_PWR_ABN or TEM_HA alarm first, and then check whether the
CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The set buffer area is too small.
1. On the U2000, query the configuration value of the buffer area. For details, refer to
CES Service Operation Tasks in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. According to the network plan, confirm whether the Jitter Compensation Buffering
Time can be set to a bigger value. If yes, expand the buffer area. Then, check whether
the alarm is cleared.
1. If there is a big number of hops at the NNI side, the CES jitter buffer may be increased.
2. According to the network plan, confirm whether the number of hops at the NNI side
can be decreased.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.24 CES_JTRUDR_EXC
Description
The CES_JTRUDR_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of jitter buffer underflows
exceeds the specified threshold value. If the board detects that the average number of jitter buffer
underflows exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 times per second) in a 10 second
period, this alarm is reported.

Attribute
Parameters
None.

l No packets are transmitted in the buffer area, and thus the buffer area underflows.
l If the average number of jitter buffer underflows is lower than the lower threshold value
(by default, 5 times per second) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared
automatically.
l The CES_JTRUDR_EXC alarm will be suppressed when the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm
occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_JTRUDR_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 2: The quality of the link is degraded and the network jitter buffer increases.
l Cause 3: The configured buffer area is too small.
Procedure
the CES_JTROVR_EXC alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The quality of the link is degraded and the network jitter buffer increases.
1. On the U2000, check whether the IN_PWR_ABN or TEM_HA alarm occurs on the
ports that carry the service.
2. If yes, clear the IN_PWR_ABN or TEM_HA alarm first, and then check whether the
CES_JTRUDR_EXC alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The set buffer area is too small.
1. On the U2000, query the configuration value of the buffer area. For details, refer to
CES Service Operation Tasks in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. According to the network plan, confirm whether the Jitter Compensation Buffering
Time can be set to a bigger value. If yes, expand the buffer area. Then, check whether

1. If there is a big number of hops at the NNI side, the CES jitter buffer may be increased.
2. According to the network plan, confirm whether the number of hops at the NNI side
can be decreased.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.25 CES_LOSPKT_EXC
Description
The CES_LOSPKT_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of lost CES packets exceeds
the specified threshold value in a unit time. If the board detects that the average number of lost
frames exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 ) in a 10 second period, this alarm is
reported.
Attribute
0x31FC Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the packet loss rate exceeds the threshold value, the all "1"s signal is inserted in the
downstream. Thus, the services may be interrupted.
l If the average number of lost frames is lower than the lower threshold value (by default,
5 ) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared automatically.
l When the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the
CES_JTROVR_EXC, CES_JTRUDR_EXC, CES_MALPKT_EXC,
CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC and CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm are as follows:

l Cause 2: The parameter configuration at the two ends of the CES service is inconsistent.
l Cause 3: The bandwidth configured to the tunnel or PW is so low that the link is baffled.
l Cause 4: The cable, fiber or optical module is faulty and the signals on the link degrades.

Procedure
the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration at the two ends of the CES service is
consistent, such as the 64K Timeslot parameter. For details, refer to Configuring a
CES Service in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. If not, modify the configuration to make the two ends be consistent.
1. On the U2000, check whether the bandwidth configured to the tunnel or PW which
carries the service is too low.
2. If yes, re-configure the tunnel or PW with a bigger bandwidth. Then, check whether
1. Make sure that the cable or fiber is well connected to the port.
2. Optional: clean the fiber and the optical module and then check whether the alarm is
cleared. For details, refer to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber
Connectors.
3. If the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm persists, replace the related fiber or optical module.
For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.26 CES_MALPKT_EXC
Description
The CES_MALPKT_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of deformed CES packets
exceeds the specified threshold value in a unit time. If the CESoPSN frame contains valid TDM
data without any error indication, but the data frame is not of the specified size, this frame is
taken as a deformed frame. If the board detects that the average number of deformed frames
exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 ) in a 10 second period, this alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x31FC Major Communication alarm

Parameters
None.

l When the deformed frames are detected and then discarded, the packet loss rate is too high.
l If the average number of deformed frames is lower than the lower threshold value (by
default, 5 ) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared automatically.
l The CES_MALPKT_EXC alarm will be suppressed when either the CES_LOSPKT_EXC
alarm or the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_MALPKT_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The configured parameters of the service is incorrect, such as the high path.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configured parameters of the service is incorrect, such as the high path.
1. On the U2000, check whether the parameters of the service is correctly configured.
For details, refer to CES Service Operation Tasks in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. If not, modify the parameter of the service and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
Connectors.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.27 CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC
Description
The CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of lost out-of-order
CES packets exceeds specified threshold value in a unit time. If the board detects that the average

number of out-of-order packets exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 ) in a 10
second period, this alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x31FD Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l The packets are out of order, and thus the packet loss rate is too high.
l If the average number of out-of-order packets is lower than the lower threshold value (by
default, 5 ) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared automatically.
l The CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC alarm will be suppressed when either the
CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm or the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC alarm are as follows:

Procedure
the CES_LOSPKT_EXC alarm is cleared.
Connectors.

----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.28 CES_STRAYPKT_EXC
Description
The CES_STRAYPKT_EXC is an alarm indicating that the number of errored packets exceeds
specified threshold value in a unit time. If the board detects that the average number of errored
packets exceeds the upper threshold value (by default, 100 ) in a 10 second period, this alarm is
reported.
Attribute
0x31FE Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the errored packets are detected and then discarded, the packet loss rate is too high.
l If the average number of errored packets is lower than the lower threshold value (by default,
5 ) in another 10 second period, this alarm is cleared automatically.
l The CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarm will be suppressed when the CES_LOSPKT_EXC
alarm occurs.
l When the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarm occurs, the system suppresses the
CES_MALPKT_EXC and CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CES_STRAYPKT_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 2: The fiber or cable is misconnected.
Procedure

1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration at the two ends of the CES service is
consistent, such as the 64K Timeslot parameter. For details, refer to Configuring a
CES Service in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. If not, modify the configuration to make the two ends be consistent.
l Cause 2: The fiber or cable is misconnected.
1. Check whether the fiber or cable is misconnected.
2. If yes, reconnect the fiber or calbe and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.29 CFCARD_FAILED
Description
The CFCARD_FAILED alarm indicates that the operation on the CF card fails.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the CFCARD_FAILED alarm occurs, the database cannot be backed up to the CF card
or be restored from the CF card. This alarm may cause rollback of the package loading upgrade.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CFCARD_FAILED alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The CF card is faulty and initialization of the CF card fails.
l Cuase 2: The system control board is faulty and creation of the file system of the CF card
fails.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The CF card is faulty and initialization of the CF card fails.
1. Replace the CF card and check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to the
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System IDU Quick Installation Guide manual.
l Cause 2: The system control board is faulty and creation of the file system of the CF card
fails.

1. Check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the system control board.
2. If yes, cold-reset the system control board. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting
Boards.
3. If the CFCARD_FAILED alarm persists, replace the system control board. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.30 CFCARD_OFFLINE
Description
The CFCARD_OFFLINE alarm indicates that the CF card is out of service.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the CFCARD_FAILED alarm occurs, the database cannot be backed up to the CF card
or be restored from the CF card. This alarm may cause rollback of the package loading upgrade.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the CFCARD_OFFLINE alarm is as follows:
l Cause 1: The CF card is not inserted.
l Cause 2: The CF card is in poor contact with the system control board.
l Cause 3: The system control board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The CF card is not inserted.
1. Check whether the CF card is installed on the system control board.
2. If not, install the CF card. For details, refer to the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System IDU Quick Installation Guide manual.
l Cause 2: The CF card is in poor contact with the system control board.
1. Check whether the CF card is loosened. If yes, re-insert the CF card.

2. If the CFCARD_OFFLINE alarm persists, replace the CF board.

1. Check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the system control board.
2. If yes, cold-reset the system control board. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting
Boards.
3. If the CFCARD_FAILED alarm persists, replace the system control board. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.31 CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE
Description
The CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE alarm indicates that the clock enters the non-tracing mode.
When the current system clock has no clock source to trace, the CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE
alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x014d Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 l 0x01: The clock changes from the tracing mode to the holdover mode.
l 0x02: The clock enters the free-run mode.

In the case of the CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE alarm, the clock is in the non-tracing mode. In
this case, the system clock is of low quality. If the low-quality clock results in the asynchronous
state among NEs, the BER of services increases.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CLK_NO_TRACE_MOD alarm are as follows:

l Cause 1: The SSM protocol is not enabled.

l Cause 2: The priority table of system clock sources is not configured and the NE adopts
the default priority table.
l Cause 3: Except the internal clock source, other clock sources in the priority table lose the
existence status and thus are not traceable.
l Cause 4: Except the internal clock source, other clock sources in the priority table have
excessive frequency deviation and thus are not traceable.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The SSM protocol is not enabled.
1. On the U2000, check whether the SSM protocol is enabled at both ends. For details,
refer to Configuring the Clock Source Protection in Configuration Guide manual.
2. If not, enable the SSM protocol at both ends.
l Cause 2: The priority table of system clock sources is not configured and the NE adopts
the default priority table.
1. On the U2000, check whether the priority table of clock sources is configured. For
details, refer to Configuring the NE Clock Source.
2. If not, re-configure the priority table of clock sources, which should include other
available clock sources.
l Cause 3: Except the internal clock source, other clock sources in the priority table lose the
existence status and thus are not traceable.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the SYNC_C_LOS alarm. For details, refer to
2. If yes, clear the SYNC_C_LOS alarm first. Then, the system clock can trace any other
clock source except the internal clock source.
l Cause 4: Except the internal clock source, other clock sources in the priority table have
excessive frequency deviation and thus are not traceable.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the SYN_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, clear the SYN_BAD alarm first. Then, the system clock can trace any other
clock source except the internal clock source.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.32 CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
Description
The CONFIG_NOSUPPORT is an alarm indicating that the configuration is not supported. This
alarm is reported if the ODU detects that the configured parameters do not match those of the
ODU.

Attribute
0x0280 Major Processing alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the mismatched parameter.
l 0x01: Indicates the frequency configuration error.
l 0x02: Indicates the TR spacing configuration error.
l 0x03: Indicates the transmit power configuration error.
l 0x04: Indicates the ATPC threshold configuration error.
l 0x05: Indicates the bandwidth configuration error.
l 0x06: Indicates the modulation mode configuration error.

The ODU fails to work normally. If the equipment is configured with 1+1 FD protection, the
main ODU generates the CONFIG_NOSUPPORT alarm. In this case, IF 1+1 protection
switching may be triggered.
Possible Causes
The type of the ODU mismatches the configured parameters.
Procedure
Step 1 Determine the mismatched parameter according to the alarm parameters.
Step 2 Check whether the ODU interface parameters meet the network planning requirements when
the alarm parameters are 0x01-0x03. For details, refer to the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System Configuration Guide manual.
If... Then...
Yes Replace the ODU with a correct one.
No Modify the parameters.
Step 3 Check whether the IF interface parameters meet the network planning requirements when the
alarm parameters are 0x04-0x06.

If not, modify the parameters. For details, refer to the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
IDU Configuration Guide manual.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.33 COMMUN_FAIL
Description
The COMMUN_FAIL alarm indicates that the inter-board communication fails. When the
communication between the system control board and other boards is interrupted, the
COMMUN_FAIL alarm is reported.
Attribute
0xC7 Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the slot number of the board which fails in communicating with the
system control board.
Parameter 2 Reserved. By default, parameter 2 is 0.
Parameter 3 Indicates the path number of the path that reports the alarm. The indication is as
follows:
l 0x01: An alarm that occurs in path 1 of the RS485.
l 0x02: An alarm that occurs in path 2 of the RS485.
l 0x03: Inter-board Ethernet communication.
l 0x04: Inter-subrack Ethernet emergency communication.


l When the COMMUN_FAIL alarm occurs, the configuration data on the system control
board cannot be delivered to the board or the board fails to work. As a result, the service
cannot be configured or the equipment-level protection switching fails.
l The COMMUN_FAIL alarm will be suppressed when the HARD_BAD alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
In the case of the COMMUN_FAIL alarm, first check whether one board or multiple boards
report the COMMUN_FAIL alarm. The possible causes of the COMMUN_FAIL alarm are as
follows:
l Cause 1 for one board reporting the alarm: The board is undergoing cold reset.
l Cause 2 for one board reporting the alarm: The board is faulty.
l Cause 1 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The EXT interface on the system control
board is directly connected to a hub or switch.
l Cause 2 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The CXPR board is off service or is faulty.
l Cause 3 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The PIU board is improperly inserted or
faulty. As a result, the power supply to the backplane is insufficient.
Procedure
l Cause 1 for one board reporting the alarm: The board is undergoing cold reset.
1. On the U2000, Check whether the working status of the board is displayed in blue in
the Running Status basic slots. If yes, the board is undergoing cold reset.
2. Wait for three to five minutes and the working status of the board turns green and is
always on. Then, check whether the COMMUN_FAIL alarm ends.
l Cause 2 for one board reporting the alarm: The board is faulty.
1. Replace the board that reports the HARD_ERR alarm. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
l Cause 1 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The EXT interface on the system control
board is directly connected to a hub or switch.
1. Check whether the EXT interface on the system control board is directly connected
to a hub or switch. If yes, the VLAN of the equipment may be lost, and thus the EXT
interface on the local NE is interconnected to the ETH ports of other transmission
equipment on the network. As a result, the IP addresses of the boards on different
equipment conflict.
2. Disconnect the EXT interface from the hub or switch, or connect the EXT interface
indirectly to the hub or switch.
NOTE
l The VLAN of the equipment isolates different NEs on the network to ensure that
communication on each NE does not affect each other.
l The main subrack and extended subrack are connected through the EXT interface, which
transfers the management information and thus cannot be connected to any hub or switch.
l Cause 2 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The CXPR board is off service or is faulty.
1. Check whether the CXPR board reports the BD_STATUS or BUS_ERR alarm.

2. If yes, clear the BD_STATUS or BUS_ERR alarm first and check whether the
COMMUN_FAIL alarm is cleared.
3. If the COMMUN_FAIL alarm persists, replace the CXPR board and check whether
the COMMUN_FAIL alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
l Cause 3 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The PIU board is improperly inserted or
faulty. As a result, the power supply to the backplane is insufficient.
1. Check whether the PIU board is properly inserted. If not, re-insert the power input
board properly.
2. Check whether the PIU board reports the HARD_BAD alarm. If yes, replace the
power input board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.34 CPU_BUSY
Description
The CPU_BUSY is an alarm indicating that the CPU utilization is excessively high. When the
system control board detects that the CPU utilization reaches the upper limit, this alarm occurs.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l If the CPU utilization reaches 100%, some packets may be discarded as they cannot be
processed in time. In that case, the NE is unreachable to the NMS and the service will be
interrupted.
l If the CPU_BUSY alarm lasts for a half-an-hour time, the system control board will be
warm-reset automatically.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the CPU_BUSY alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: A lot of services are configured on an NE and a huge number of tasks such as
monitoring alarms and making performance statistics are started. Thus, the CPU work in
a high utilization.

l Cause 2: DCN packets storm occurs in the network.
Procedure
l Cause 1: A lot of services are configured on an NE and a huge number of tasks such as
monitoring alarms and making performance statistics are started. Thus, the CPU work in
a high utilization.
1. Stop parts of the tasks of monitoring alarms and making performance statistics, or
choose a 24-hours performance statistics instead of the 15-minutes performance
statistics to reduce the CPU utilization. Then, check whether the CPU_BUSY alarm
is cleared.
l Cause 2: DCN packets storm occurs in the network.
1. Check the cable connection of the ETH interfaces on both the working and standby
system control boards. Make sure that only one ETH interface is connected to the
NMS whether directly or indirectly.
2. If there is another network constructed by the equipments of a third party between the
ETH interface and the NMS, make sure that no loopback occurs in the third
equipments.
----End
8.3.35 DBMS_ERROR
Description
The DBMS_ERROR is a database error alarm indicating the database file verification failure.
Attribute
0xB9 Major Processing alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the alarm type, which indicates the error code that causes the alarm.

Name Meaning
Parameter 2 Indicates the database storage area that has errors.

l 0x00: FDB0.
l 0x01: FDB1.
l 0x02: DRDB.
Parameter 3 Indicates the ID of the database that has errors.

l 0x00: Entire database storage area that has errors.
l 0x01 - 0xFF: Specific database that has errors.

When the DBMS_ERROR alarm occurs, the data in the database cannot be backed up or
automatically restored. Hence, the data in the database is lost.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the DBMS_ERROR alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The database files are damaged, and thus the database operation fails.
l Cause 2: The CXPR board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The database files are damaged, so the database operation fails.
1. Restore the database by backing up the database manually, and then check and test
the backup database. For details, refer to Backing Up the NE Configuration Data to a
Local Server.
2. After the database is restored, the alarm is cleared automatically.
1. Check whether the hardware alarms such as the HARD_BAD alarm occur on the
CXPR board.
2. If yes, replace the CXPR board, and then check whether the DBMS_ERROR alarm
is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.36 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE
Description
The DBMS_PROTECT_MODE is an alarm indicating that the NE database enters the protection
mode.

Attribute
0x00C6 Critical Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the DBMS_PROTECT_MODE alarm occurs, the NE database is in the protection mode
and cannot be backed up. In addition, all the new configuration data in the database is lost after
the NE resets.
Possible Causes
The cause of the DBMS_PROTECT_MODE alarm is as follows:
The NE software is frequently reset in a certain period.
Procedure
l Cause: The NE software is frequently reset in a certain period.
1. Find out the cause for the frequent resetting of the NE software and then handle it.
2. After the fault is rectified, reset the NE software. As a result, the database exits the
protection mode. Thus, check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.37 DOWN_E1_AIS
Description
The DOWN_E1_AIS is an alarm indicating the downstream 2 Mbit/s signals. If the board detects
that the downstream E1 signals is all "1"s, this alarm occurs.
Attribute
0xC9 Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.


When the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm occurs, the services are interrupted..
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The UP_E1_AIS or T_ALOS alarm occurs on the same board.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The UP_E1_AIS or T_ALOS alarm occurs on the same board.
1. On the U2000, check whether the UP_E1_AIS or T_ALOS alarm occurs on the same
board. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the UP_E1_AIS or T_ALOS alarm first and check whether the
DOWN_E1_AIS alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the local board
or on the cross-connect board, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, cold-reset the board that reports the hardware-related alarm and check whether
the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether
the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.38 ETH_APS_LOST
Description
The ETH_APS_LOST alarm indicates loss of the APS frames. When no APS frames are received
from the protection channel, the ETH_APS_LOST alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x3222 Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.


l In the case of the ETH_APS_LOST alarm, service protection cannot be performed.
l The ETH_APS_LOST alarm will be suppressed when the
ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH alarm occurs.
l When the ETH_APS_LOST alarm occurs, the system suppresses the
ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL and ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_APS_LOST alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The opposite end is not configured with protection.
l Cause 2: The configuration of the APS protection group is inconsistent at the two ends.
l Cause 3: The APS protection group is not enabled.
l Cause 4: Services in the protection channel are interrupted.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The opposite end is not configured with protection.
1. On the U2000, check whether the opposite end is configured with protection. For
details, refer to Creating an MPLS APS Protection Group in the Feature
Description.
2. If not, configure the APS protection group and make sue the configuration at the two
ends is consistent. Then, enable the APS protocol.
l Cause 2: The configuration of the APS protection group is inconsistent at the two ends.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration is consistent at the two ends.
2. If not, modify the configuration of the APS protection group so that the configuration
at the two ends is consistent.
l Cause 3: The APS protection group is not enabled.
1. Check whether the APS protocol is enabled at the two ends.
2. If not, set the status of the enabled APS protocol to Disabled. Then, enable the APS
protocol at the two ends.
l Cause 4: Services in the protection channel are interrupted.
1. Check whether there are alarms indicating loss of signals or service degrade in the
protection channel, such as the ETH_LOS alarm.
2. If yes, take the first to clear these alarms.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.39 ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH
Description
The ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH is an alarm indicating that the working and protection
paths of the APS are inconsistent. This alarm occurs when the working and protection paths of
the equipment in the protection group are inconsistent at the two ends.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l In the case of the ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH alarm, the services cannot be protected.
l When the ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH alarm occurs, the system suppresses the
ETH_APS_LOST, ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL, and ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH
alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The configured working and protection paths of the equipment in the protection
group at the two ends are inconsistent.
l Cause 2: Certain physical links are incorrectly connected.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configured working and protection paths of the equipment in the protection
group at the two ends are inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration is consistent at the two ends of the
APS protection group. For details, refer to Creating an MPLS APS Protection Group
in the Feature Description.
2. If the configuration is inconsistent, modify the configuration of the APS protection
group, and make sure that the configuration is consistent at the two ends of the APS
protection group. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: Certain physical links are incorrectly connected.
1. Check whether the fiber and cable connections are correct on each NE from the local
end to the opposite end.
2. If not, reconnect the fibers and cables, and then check whether this alarm is cleared.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.40 ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL
Description
The ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm indicates a protection switching failure. When the
request signals in the transmitted APS frames are inconsistent with the bridge signals in the
received APS frames for 50 ms, the switching fails and the ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm
is reported.
Attribute
0x3221 Major Processing failure alarm
Parameters
None.

l In the case of the ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm, the services cannot be protected.
l The ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm will be suppressed when the
ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH or ETH_APS_LOST alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL alarm is as follows:
The configuration of the APS protection group is inconsistent at the two ends.
Procedure
l Cause: The configuration of the APS protection group is inconsistent at the two ends.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration is consistent at the two ends of the
APS protection group. For details, refer to Creating an MPLS APS Protection Group
in the Feature Description.
2. Modify the configuration of the APS protection group so that the configuration at the
two ends is consistent.
3. Re-deactivate and re-activate the APS protection at the two ends.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.41 ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH
Description
The ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH is an alarm indicating the protection scheme information
mismatch. This alarm occurs when the information in the received APS frames is inconsistent
with the APS protection scheme configured at the local end.
Attribute
0x321F Major Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 The indication of Parameter 1 is as follows:
l 0x01: Inconsistency of protection group protection type. Refer to Cause 1.
l 0x02: Inconsistency of protection group switching mode. Refer to Cause 2.
l 0x03: Inconsistency of protection group revertive mode. Refer to Cause 3.

l The ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH alarm may cause the APS protection failure, and thus
the services cannot be effectively protected.
l The ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH alarm will be suppressed when the
ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH or ETH_APS_LOST alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: Inconsistency of protection group protection type.

l Cause 2: Inconsistency of protection group switching mode.
l Cause 3: Inconsistency of protection group revertive mode.
Procedure
l Cause: Inconsistency of protection group protection type, switching mode, or revertive
mode.

1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration of the protection group is consistent
at the two ends. For details, refer to Creating an MPLS APS Protection Group in the
Feature Description.
2. If not, modify the configuration of the APS protection group so that the configuration
at the two ends is consistent. Then, re-enable the APS protocol and the alarm will be
cleared automatically.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.42 ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN
Description
The ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN is a port automatic link down alarm. When the LPT triggers
the shutdown of the physical port, this alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None

When the alarm occurs, the LPT triggers the shutdown of the physical port, and related services
at other ports are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The fiber or network cable connected to the active LPT port becomes faulty. As
a result, the standby LPT port is disabled.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The fiber or network cable connected to the active LPT port becomes faulty. As
a result, the standby LPT port is disabled.
1. Remove and insert the fiber or network cable, and then check whether the alarm is
cleared.
2. If the alarm persists, replace the fiber or the network cable.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.43 ETH_LINK_DOWN
Description
The ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm indicates that the Ethernet port connection is faulty. When the
Ethernet port is incorrectly connected, the port fails to negotiate and the ETH_LINK_DOWN
alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x31F9 Critical Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm occurs during data transmission, the Ethernet port
fails to negotiate and to receive data. As a result, the services are interrupted.
l The ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm will be suppressed when the ETH_LOS alarm occurs.
l In the case of the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm, the system suppresses the
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN and MAC_FCS_EXC alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The Ethernet ports on the local NE and opposite NE work in different modes and
thus fail to negotiate.
l Cause 2: Inloop is set on the port.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The Ethernet ports on the local NE and opposite NE work in different modes and
thus fail to negotiate.
1. On the U2000, check whether the Ethernet ports at the two ends work in the same
mode.
2. If not, modify the configuration so that they work in the same mode. Then, check
whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.23 Querying and Setting the
Working Mode of Ethernet interface.
l Cause 2: Inloop is set on the port.

1. On the U2000, check whether the ports at the two ends reports the LOOP_ALM alarm.
2. If yes, clear the LOOP_ALM alarm first and then check whether the
ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is hardware-related alarm occurs on the board of
the two NEs, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, replace the board that reports the hardware-related alarm and then check
whether the ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.44 ETH_LOS
Description
The ETH_LOS alarm indicates that the connection to the Ethernet port is lost. When the Ethernet
port receives no Ethernet signals, the ETH_LOS alarm is reported.
Attribute
0xeb Critical Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the ETH_LOS alarm occurs, the Ethernet port cannot receive data and thus the
services are interrupted.
l The ETH_LOS alarm will be suppressed when one of the LSR_NO_FITED and
LASER_MOD_ERR alarms occurs.
l In the case of the ETH_LOS alarm, the system will suppresses the other alarms related to
Ethernet service.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the ETH_LOS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The cable or fiber is not properly connected to the Ethernet port.
l Cause 2: The network cable or fiber is faulty.

l Cause 3: The optical power received by the local NE is excessively low.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The cable or fiber is not properly connected to the Ethernet port.
1. Check whether the cable or fiber is properly connected to the Ethernet port. Reconnect
the loosen cable or fiber.
l Cause 2: The network cable or fiber is faulty.
1. Check whether the cable or fiber is faulty. Replace the faulty cable or fiber.
l Cause 3: The optical power received by the local NE is excessively low.
1. On the U2000, check whether the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm occurs on the opposite NE.
If yes, clear the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm first and check whether the ETH_LOS alarm
on the local NE is cleared. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a
Board.
2. If the ETH_LOS alarm persists, clean the receive interface and the fiber header. For
details, refer to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
3. If the ETH_LOS alarm still persists, check whether the flange or optical attenuator is
correctly connected and whether the attenuation of the optical attenuator is excessively
high. Correctly use the flange and optical attenuator.
4. If the ETH_LOS alarm still persists, adjust the optical power so that the optical power
is within the normal range by adding or removing optical attenuators.
1. Replace the processing board that reports the alarm. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
2. If the ETH_LOS alarm persists, replace the processing board on the opposite NE.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.45 EXT_SYNC_LOS
Description
The EXT_SYNC_LOS is an alarm indicating the loss of external clock source. This alarm occurs
when the system detects the loss of the external clock source traced by the equipment.
Attribute
0xB8 Critical Equipment alarm

Parameters
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the lost external clock source.

l 0x01: The first channel of the external clock source.
l 0x02: The second channel of the external clock source.

When the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm occurs, the external clock source of the system is lost and
cannot be traced by the equipment. In this case, the clock quality is degraded, which affects the
service quality. Thus, bit errors may be generated.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The configured mode of the external clock source is inconsistent with the actual
mode of the clock input.
l Cause 3: The clock input cable connection is incorrect.
l Cause 4: The signal at the physical interface of the external clock source is lost.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configured mode of the external clock source is inconsistent with the actual
mode of the clock input.
1. On the U2000, check whether the actual mode and the configured mode of the clock
input are consistent. For details, refer to Configuring the NE Clock Source in the
Configuration Guide manual.
2. If the actual mode and the configured mode of the clock input are inconsistent,
reconfigure the mode of the external clock source. Make sure that both the configured
mode and the actual mode of the clock input are 2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s, and then check
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware alarms such as the HARD_BAD alarm
occur on the CXPR board.
2. If yes, clear these alarms and then check whether the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm is
cleared.
l Cause 3: The clock input cable connection is incorrect.
1. Check whether the clock input cable connection is correct.
2. If not, reconnect the clock cable and check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 4: The signal at the physical interface of the external clock source is lost.
1. Check whether the output signals of the external clock equipment are normal.

2. If not, replace the faulty external clock equipment, and then check whether the alarm
is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.46 EXT_TIME_LOC
Description
The EXT_TIME_LOC alarm indicates loss of the external time source. When the external time
input port is enabled but the board detects no input external time signals, the EXT_TIME_LOC
alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x32AC Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

In the case of the EXT_TIME_LOC alarm, the time of the local NE cannot be synchronized with
the external time device that is connected to the enabled external time port on the local NE.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the EXT_TIME_LOC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The cable is disconnected or loosened from the external time interface.
l Cause 2: The external time device does not output signals.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The cable is disconnected or loosened from the external time interface.
1. Check whether the cable is disconnected or loosened from the external time interface.
If the cable is disconnected or loosened from the external time interface, reconnect
the cable.
2. If the alarm persists, check whether the cable is faulty. If the cable is faulty, replace
the faulty cable.
l Cause 2: The external time device does not output signals.

1. Check whether the external time device outputs signals. If the external time device
does not output signals, replace the external time device.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.47 FAN_FAIL
Description
The FAN_FAIL alarm indicates that a fan is faulty. When a fan becomes faulty, the FAN_FAIL
alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the faulty fan.

bit[0] to bit[5]: Fans 1-6 are faulty.

l When any fan on the FAN board becomes faulty, the other fans rotate at the full rate for
proper heat dissipation.
l If the FAN_FAIL alarm is not cleared in a timely manner, the boards on the NE may be
damaged due to over-heat and thus the services on the NE may be interrupted.
Possible Causes
The cause of the FAN_FAIL alarm is as follows:
One or more fans on the fan board are faulty.

Procedure
l Cause: One or more fans on the fan board are faulty.
1. Re-insert the FAN board.
2. If the FAN_FAIL alarm persists, replace the FAN board. For details, refer to 5.5
Replacing the FAN Board.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.48 FLOW_OVER
Description
The FLOW_OVER is an alarm indicating that the received flow of the port exceeds the threshold.
This alarm occurs when the received flow of the Ethernet port exceeds the Max Reserved
Bandwidth.
Attribute
0x300D Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1, Parameter 2 Indicates that the received flow exceeds the threshold. The unit is
Mbit/s.

l During the data transmission, if the configured bandwidth is lower than the actual flow at
the port, the FLOW_OVER alarm occurs and packet loss may occurs.
l If the configured bandwidth is higher than the actual flow at the port, the alarm occurs but
the system and services are not affected.
Possible Causes
The cause of the FLOW_OVER alarm is as follows:

The actually received flow of the port is higher than the configured Max Reserved
Bandwidth.
Procedure
l Cause: The actually received flow of the port is higher than the configured Max Reserved
Bandwidth.
1. Refer to the alarm parameters and check whether the actually received flow reaches
the port bandwidth limit.
2. On the U2000, check whether the Max Reserved Bandwidth reaches the port
bandwidth limit. For details, refer to Setting the Layer 3 Attributes of an Ethernet
Interface in the Configuration Guide.
3. Increase the Max Reserved Bandwidth of the port to a value that is higher than the
actually received flow. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
4. The port has no spare bandwidth. Decrease the data flow transmitted from the opposite
NE to avoid packet loss and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.49 GSP_TNNL_DOWN
Description
The GSP_TNNL_DOWN alarm indicates the tunnel down. When the tunnel turns from the up
state into the down state, the alarm occurs.
Attribute
0x32C2 Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the GSP_TNNL_DOWN alarm occurs, services carried on the faulty tunnel are not
interrupted.

l When the tunnel turns from the down state into the up state, the alarm is cleared
automatically.
Possible Causes
The cause of the GSP_TNNL_DOWN alarm is as follows:
l Cause 1: The Ethernet port is not enabled.
l Cause 2: The physical link is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The Ethernet port is not enabled.
1. On the U2000, check whether the Ethernet ports at the two ends of the tunnel are all
enabled. For details, refer to Setting the General Attributes of Ethernet Interfaces in
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Configuration Guide manual.
2. If not, enable the Ethernet ports first and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. Check whether the physical link connected to the two neighbor NEs is faulty.
2. If yes, repair the faulty link and check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the line board or on
the system control board of the two neighbor NEs.
2. If yes, cold-reset the board that reports the HARD_BAD alarm and check whether the
GSP_TNNL_DOWNN alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting
Boards.
3. If the GSP_TNNL_DOWN alarm persists, replace the related board and check
whether the GSP_TNNL_DOWN alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.50 HARD_BAD
Description
The HARD_BAD alarm indicates a hardware fault. When a board detects a hardware fault, the
board reports the HARD_BAD alarm.
Attribute
0xEC Critical Equipment alarm

Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of the cause that results in the hardware failure.
l 0x01: The power module operates abnormally. Refer to Cause 1.
l 0x02: The board is improperly installed (the board is poorly connected to the
backplane. For example, the board is not seated tight). Refer to Cause 2.
l 0x03: The 38M system clock 1 is abnormal. Refer to Cause 3 when 0x03 and
the following parameters are detected.
l 0x04: The 38M system clock 2 is abnormal.
l 0x05: The 2M clock source is abnormal.
l 0x06: The digital phase-locked loop is faulty.
l 0x07: The 38M service clock is lost.
l 0x08: The bus is abnormal.
l 0x09: The TPS protection board is abnormal.
l 0x10: The main oscillator of the clock is faulty.
l 0x11: The frequency offset of the main oscillator is excessive.
l 0x12: The standby oscillator stops running.
l 0x13: The processor is faulty.
l 0x14: The memory component is faulty.
l 0x15: The programmable logic component is faulty.
l 0x16: The SDH component is faulty.
l 0x17: The data communication component is faulty.
l 0x18: The clock components are faulty.
l 0x19: The interface component is faulty.
l 0x20: The power supply components are faulty.
l 0x21: Other faults.
l 0x22: The analog phase-locked loop is abnormal.
l 0x23: The 32M clock fails.
l 0x26: The loop of the cross-connect chip fails.
l 0x27: The 8k in-service bus of the board is lowered.
l 0x28: The system 2M frame header 1 is lost.
l 0x29: The system 2M frame header 2 is lost.
l 0x30: The DSP clock-driver chip clock is lost.
l 0x31: The DSP output clock is lost.
l 0x32: RTM module is off service.
l 0x33: Chip faults.

Name Meaning
Parameter 2 l 0x01: Indicates the A bus is abnormal.

l 0x02: Indicates the B bus is abnormal.
l 0xff: No indications.
Parameter 3 0xff: Reserved.

l If the board that reports the HARD_BAD alarm is the working board, the HARD_BAD
alarm triggers protection switching.
l If the board that reports the HARD_BAD alarm is the protection board, protection switching
cannot be performed and the services may be interrupted.
l If the board that reports HARD_BAD alarm is not configured with protection switching,
the services carried on the board will be affected.
l When the HARD_BAD alarm occurs, the system suppresses COMMUN_FAIL and
BUS_ERR alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the HARD_BAD alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The external power supply fails.

l Cause 2: The board is poorly connected to the backplane.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The external power supply fails.
1. Make sure that the power supply to the NE is normal and then check whether the alarm
is cleared. For details, refer to OptiX RTN 950 IDU Quickly Installation Guide.
l Cause 2: The board is poorly connected to the backplane.
1. Remove and re-insert the board to make the board is well connected to the backplane.
Then, check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.20 Replacing Boards
on Site.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the alarm and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
2. If the HARD_BAD alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.51 HP_LOM
Description
The HP_LOM is an alarm indicating the multi-frame loss at the higher order path.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the HP_LOM alarm occurs, the services carried by this path are interrupted.
l The HP_LOM alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, B1_EXC, B2_EXC,
l When the HP_LOM alarm occurs, the system will suppress the TU_AIS, TU_LOP and
BIP_EXC alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the HP_LOM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The service levels configured at the source end and the sink end are inconsistent.
l Cause 2: The cross-connect board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The service levels configured at the source end and the sink end are inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, check the alarm location information and confirm the path number.
2. Check whether the Service Level configuration is consistent at the source end and the
sink end of the path. For details, refer to CES Service Operation Tasks in the
3. If not, modify the configuration to make the configuration be consistent.
l Cause 2: The cross-connect board is faulty.
1. Check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the cross-connect board of the two
ends, which indicates the H4 byte is lost or incorrect. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying
2. If yes, cold-reset the board that reports the HARD_BAD alarm and then check whether
the HP_LOM alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the HP_LOM alarm persists, replace the board that reports the HARD_BAD alarm.
For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.52 HP_RDI
Description
The HP_RDI is an alarm indicating the remote receiving failure of the higher order path.
Attribute
0x4E Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l The HP_RDI alarm is an accompanying alarm. This alarm only indicates that the path-level
services at the remote end are interrupted and it does not affect the local NE.
l The HP_RDI alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, MS_RDI, AU_AIS and
AU_LOP alarms occurs.
l When the HP_RDI alarm occurs, the system suppresses the LP_RDI alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the HP_RDI alarm is as follows:
The corresponding path of the processing board at the opposite NE reports the AU_AIS,
AU_LOP, HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ or HP_SLM alarm and the HP_RDI alarm is returned to the
local NE.
Procedure
l Cause: The corresponding path of the processing board at the opposite NE reports the
AU_AIS, AU_LOP, HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ or HP_SLM alarm and the HP_RDI alarm is
returned to the local NE.
1. Clear the AU_AIS, AU_LOP, HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ or HP_SLM alarm reported
from the path of the processing board at the opposite NE first, and then check whether
the HP_RDI alarm on the local NE is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.53 HP_SLM
Description
The HP_SLM alarm indicates mismatch of C2 bytes, which are the signal identification bytes
in the higher order path. When the processing board on the local NE detects mismatch of the
received C2 byte and the C2 byte to be received, the HP_SLM alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x4D Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the HP_SLM alarm occurs, the services in the path are interrupted, and the local NE
inserts the AU_AIS alarm to the downstream NE and returns the HP_RDI alarm to the
upstream NE.
l The HP_SLM alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, B1_EXC, B2_EXC,
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the HP_SLM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The received C2 byte is inconsistent with the C2 byte to be received and is not
"0x00".
Procedure
l Cause 1: The received C2 byte is inconsistent with the C2 byte to be received and is not
"0x00".
1. On the U2000, trace the C2 byte to the source NE in the receive direction. The source
NE terminates the HPOH and transmits the C2 byte, which is received by the local
NE. The intermediate NEs transparently transmit the C2 byte.
2. Check whether the service types configured on the source NE and local NE for the
C2 byte are consistent. If not, correct the configuration of service types and check
3. If the alarm persists, check whether the C2 byte to be transmitted by the source NE is
consistent with the configured service type. If not, reset C2 to be Sent so that the C2
byte to be transmitted is consistent with the service type. Then, check whether the
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to Querying and Setting the signal label byte C2.
4. If the alarm still persists, check whether C2 byte to be received by the source NE is
consistent with the configured service type. If not, reset C2 to be Received so that the

C2 byte to be received is consistent with the service type. Then, check whether the
alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board on the source NE that transmits the C2 byte and check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
2. If the HP_SLM alarm persists, cold-reset the board that reports this alarm.
3. If the HP_SLM alarm still persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
4. If the HP_SLM alarm persists, replace the board on the opposite NE.
----End
Related Information
Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination
Overhead transparent transmission refers to a process in which the service board directly
transmits the HPOH in the transmit direction without processing the HPOH. The service board
receives the HPOH and transmits the same HPOH. Normally, the HPOH is transparently
transmitted for the higher order services. For example, the HOPH is transparently transmitted
for the VC-4 service.
Overhead termination refers to a process in which the service board processes the received
HPOH, transmits the processed HPOH to the transmit optical interface, and re-sets the HPOH
as the HPOH to be transmitted. The sink end terminates the overhead for the transmitted lower
order services, such as VC-3 and VC-12 services.
Figure 8-4 shows transparent transmission and termination of the overhead.
Figure 8-4 Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination
Board Board
Higher order Higher order Higher order Higher order
path overhead path overhead path overhead path overhead
Overhead Overhead
detection detection
A Overhead pass-through B Overhead termination
C2 byte coding rule
Table 8-7 Mapping relation between the service type and C2 byte
Input Service Type C2 Byte (in Hex)
TUG structure 02

ATM mapping 13
HDLC, PPP framed signal mapping 16
Unequipped 00
8.3.54 HP_TIM
Description
The HP_TIM is an alarm indicating the J1 byte, which is the trace identifier of the higher order
path, mismatches.
Attribute
0x4C Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the HP_TIM alarm occurs, if the AU_AIS alarm is inserted, the path service is
interrupted and the HP_RDI alarm is returned to the opposite NE.
l The HP_TIM alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, B1_EXC, B2_EXC,
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the HP_TIM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The J1 byte to be received on the local NE is inconsistent with the J1 byte to be
send on the opposite NE.
l Cause 2: The service configuration is incorrect.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The J1 byte to be received on the local NE is inconsistent with the J1 byte to be
send on the opposite NE.
1. On the U2000, trace the J1 byte to the source NE in the receive direction. The source
NE terminates the HPOH and transmits the J1 byte. The intermediate NEs
transparently transmit the J1 byte.
2. Check whether the J1 byte to be send on the source NE and is consistent with the J1
byte to be received on the local NE. If not, modify the configuration on the two ends

to match each other according to the actual scene and check whether the alarm is
cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the services are correctly configured.
2. If not, modify the configuration to be correct and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
Transparent transmission and termination
Transparent transmission indicates that a service board directly transmits the higher order
overhead received from the transmit direction without processing it. The value of the transmitted
higher order overhead is the same as that transmitted from the cross-connect board to the service
board. Normally, the higher order overhead is transparently transmitted in the higher order
services. For example, the higher order overhead is transparently transmitted in the VC-4 service.
Termination indicates that when the higher order overhead from the cross-connect board to the
service board is processed and transmitted to the transmit side of the optical interface, the higher
order overhead is assigned with the value to be transmitted. The higher order overhead is
terminated in services (such as the VC-3 and VC-12 services) transmitted from the lower order
service sink.
8.3.55 HP_UNEQ
Description
The HP_UNEQ alarm indicates that the higher order path is not loaded. When the received C2
byte is 0x00, the HP_UNEQ alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x4B Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l For the CD1 board, When the HP_UNEQ alarm occurs, if the TU_AIS_VC12 alarm is
inserted, the services in the path are interrupted and the HP_RDI alarm is returned to the
opposite end.
l The HP_UNEQ alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_AIS, B1_EXC, B2_EXC,
l When the HP_UNEQ alarm occurs, the system will suppress the TU_AIS, TU_LOP and
BIP_EXC alarms.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the HP_UNEQ alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: No service is configured for the path on the opposite NE.
l Cause 2: The source NE transmits the C2 byte of "0x00".
l Cause 3: No service is configured on the NEs in the receive direction.
Procedure
l Cause 1: No service is configured for the path on the opposite NE.
1. On the U2000, check whether the service is configured for the path on the opposite
NE.
2. If not, configure services correctly for the path on the opposite NE and check whether
l Cause 2: The source NE transmits the C2 byte of "0x00".
1. Trace the C2 byte to the source NE in the receive direction. The source NE terminates
the HPOH and transmits the C2 byte, which is received by the local NE. The
intermediate NEs transparently transmit the C2 byte.
2. Modify the C2 byte transmitted by the source NE according to the service type.
l Cause 3: No service is configured on the NEs in the receive direction.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is any HP_UNEQ alarm in the path on the NEs
in the receive direction of the service.
2. If yes, the NEs may transparently transmit the unloaded service to the local NE. Clear
the HP_UNEQ alarm on the NE first. Then, check whether the HP_UNEQ alarm is
cleared on the local NE.
----End
Related Information
Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination
Overhead transparent transmission refers to the process in which the service board directly
transmits the HPOH in the transmit direction without processing the HPOH. The service board
receives the HPOH and transmits the same HPOH. Normally, the higher order overhead is
transparently transmitted in the higher order services. For example, the higher order overhead
is transparently transmitted in the VC-4 service.
Overhead termination refers to the process in which the service board processes the received
HPOH, transmits the processed HPOH to the transmit optical interface, and re-sets the HPOH
as the HPOH to be transmitted. The sink end terminates the overhead for the transmitted lower
order services, such as VC-3 and VC-12 services.
Figure 8-5 shows transparent transmission and termination of the overhead.

Figure 8-5 Overhead transparent transmission and overhead termination
Board Board
Higher order Higher order Higher order Higher order
path overhead path overhead path overhead path overhead
Overhead Overhead
detection detection
A Overhead pass-through B Overhead termination
C2 byte coding rule
Table 8-8 Mapping relation between the service type and C2 byte
TUG structure 02
ATM mapping 13
HDLC, PPP framed signal mapping 16
Unequipped 00
8.3.56 IF_CABLE_OPEN
Description
The IF_CABLE_OPEN is an alarm indicating that the IF cable is disconnected.
Attribute
0x323F Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the IF port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01 indicates
that the alarm is reported by IF port 1 of the related board.

The services carried over the IF port are interrupted.
Possible Causes
l The IF cable is loose or faulty.
l The IF port on the IF board is faulty.
l The power module of the ODU is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the connector of the IF cable is loose or whether the connector is not properly
made.
If... Then...
The connector is loose Tighten the connector.
The connector is not properly made Make a new connector. For details refer to Quick
Installation Guide.
None of the above Go to the next step.
Step 2 Check whether the jacket of the IF cable is damaged.
If... Then...
Yes Use a multimeter to test whether the IF cable conducts electricity well, and replace the
cable if the IF cable fails to conduct electricity.
No Go to the next step.
Step 3 Replace the IF board.
If... Then...
The alarm disappears after the IF board is The fault is rectified, and the alarm handling
replaced is complete.
The alarm persists after IF board is replaced Go to the next step.
Step 4 Replace the ODU.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.57 IF_INPWR_ABN
Description
The IF_INPWR_ABN is an alarm indicating that the input IF power of the ODU is abnormal.
Attribute
0x312D Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 l 0x01 indicates that the input power is too high.
l 0x02 indicates that the input power is too low.

The services on the ODU are interrupted. If 1+1 protection is configured, 1+1 HSB switching
may be triggered.
Possible Causes
l There is an inloop operation on the IF port.
l The IF board is faulty.
l The IF cables are faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether there is an inloop operation on the IF port.
If... Then...
Yes Cancel the loopback operation.
Step 2 Check whether the IF cables are soggy, broken, or pressed.

If... Then...
Yes Replace the IF cables.
Step 3 Check whether the cable connector workmanship meets the requirement.
If... Then...
No Make a new connector.
Yes Go to the next step.
Step 4 Replace the IF board connecting to the ODU that reports the IF_INPWR_ABN alarm..
If... Then...
The alarm disappears after the board is The fault is rectified, and the alarm handling
The alarm persists after the board is Go to the next step.
replaced
Step 5 Replace the ODU that reports the IF_INPWR_ABN alarm.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.58 IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN
Description
The IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm indicates a failure of the local IMA group. When the
IMA protocol is not enabled on the local NE or the number of enabled links in the IMA group
is less than the minimum number of enabled links in the IMA group, the
IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm occurs, the services in the IMA group are
interrupted.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The IMA protocol is not enabled on the local NE.
l Cause 2: The number of enabled links in the local IMA group is less than the configured
minimum number of the enabled links in the IMA group.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The IMA protocol is not enabled on the local NE.
group parameters are matched. For details, refer to Configuring the IMA in the OptiX
RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Feature Description manual.
2. On the U2000, set the IMA Protocol Enable Status parameter to Enabled for the
local NE.
l Cause 2: The number of enabled links in the local IMA group is less than the configured
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the ALM_IMA_LIF alarm. For details, refer to
2. If yes, clear the ALM_IMA_LIF alarm first to enable the member links in the local
IMA group. When the actual number of enabled links reaches the configured minimum
number of enabled links, the IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm will be cleared
automatically.
3. Configure new member links in the local IMA group.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.59 IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN
Description
The IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN alarm indicates a failure of the remote IMA group. When the
IMA protocol is not enabled on the remote NE or the number of enabled links in the IMA group
is less than the minimum number of enabled links in the IMA group, the
IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None.


When the IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN alarm occurs, the services in the IMA group are
interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The IMA protocol is not enabled on the remote NE.

l Cause 2: The number of enabled links in the remote IMA group is less than the configured
Procedure
l Cause 1: The IMA protocol is not enabled on the remote NE.
group parameters are matched. For details, refer to Configuring the IMA in the OptiX
RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Feature Description manual.
2. On the U2000, set the IMA Protocol Enable Status parameter to Enabled for the
remote NE.
l Cause 2: The number of enabled links in the remote IMA group is less than the configured
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the ALM_IMA_RIF alarm. For details, refer
to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the ALM_IMA_RIF alarm first to enable the member links in the remote
IMA group. When the actual number of enabled links reaches the configured minimum
number of enabled links, the IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN alarm will be cleared
automatically.
3. Configure new member links in the remote IMA group.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.60 IMAE1_DELAY
Description
The IMAE1_DELAY is an E1 delay alarm. When the delay of the transmitted service in the
IMA link exceeds the threshold value of the differential delay of the link, the alarm occurs.
Attribute
0x327D Minor Communication alarm

Parameters
None.

The alarm indicates that delay or congestion occurs to the transmitted IMA service.
Possible Causes
The cause of the IMAE1_DELAY alarm is as follows:
The E1 physical route is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause: The E1 physical route is faulty.
1. Remove and then insert the electrical interface of the E1 link, and then check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission Syste
IDU Quick Installation Guide.
2. If the IMAE1_DELAY alarm persists, replace the board that reports the
IMAE1_DELAY alarm. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.61 IN_PWR_ABN
Description
The IN_PWR_ABN is an alarm indicating that the input optical power is abnormal.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the IN_PWR_ABN alarm occurs, the service transmission performance is affected. If the
service transmission performance is severely affected, the services are interrupted.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the IN_PWR_ABN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The transmitted optical power of the opposite NE is abnormal.
l Cause 2: The receive optical power is higher than the normal range.
l Cause 3: The receive optical power is lower than the normal range.
l Cause 4: The receive board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The transmitted optical power of the opposite NE is abnormal.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is OUT_PWR_ABN on the opposite NE.
2. If yes, clear the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm on the opposite NE first and check whether
the IN_PWR_ABN alarm is cleared.
3. If the IN_PWR_ABN alarm persists, query the receive optical power of the local NE
on the U2000. For details, refer to 7.4 Checking the Optical Power.
If the receive optical power is higher than the normal range, refer to the handling
procedure of Cause 2.
If the receive optical power is lower than the normal range, refer to the handling
procedure of Cause 3.
l Cause 2: The receive optical power is higher than the normal range.
1. Add proper attenuators at the receive optical interface which reports the
IN_PWR_ABN alarm to adjust the receive optical power to the normal range. Then
check whether the IN_PWR_ABN alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The receive optical power is lower than the normal range.
1. Check whether the bending radius of the fiber is less than 6 cm. If yes, spool the fiber
jumper again, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. Check whether the optical attenuator is properly connected. If not, adjust the optical
attenuator to a proper position and check whether the IN_PWR_ABN alarm is cleared.
3. Check whether the optical module is loose. If yes, fasten the optical module and check
4. If the IN_PWR_ABN alarm persists, replace the optical module. For details, refer to
5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
5. Clean the fiber headers of the NEs on the two ends. For details, refer to 7.26 Inspecting
and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
l Cause 4: The receive board is faulty.
1. Check whether the processing board or cross-connect board of the local NE reports
the hardware alarms, such as the HARD_BAD or TEMP_OVER alarm.
----End

Related Information
8.3.62 J0_MM
Description
The J0_MM is an alarm indicating the trace identifier mismatch. This alarm occurs when the
processing board detects that the actually received J0 byte is inconsistent with the J0 byte to be
received.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the J0_MM alarm occurs, it does not affect services.
l The J0_MM alarm will be suppressed when either the R_LOS alarm or the R_LOF alarm
occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the J0_MM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The J0 byte to be transmitted at the opposite end is inconsistent with the J0 byte
to be received at the local end.
l Cause 2: The service is incorrectly configured.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the J0 byte to be received of the board which reports
the J0_MM alarm is consistent with that to be transmitted from the board at the
opposite end.
2. If not, modify the byte to match each other according to the actual condition, and then
l Cause 2: The service is incorrectly configured.
1. On the U2000, check whether the service parameters, such as the source port or the
sink port, are all correctly configured.
2. If not, re-configure the correct service and then check whether the J0_MM alarm is
cleared.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.63 LAG_DOWN
Description
The LAG_DOWN alarm indicates that the link aggregation group (LAG) is unavailable. When
the number of enabled ports in the LAG is 0, the LAG_DOWN alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

In the case of the LAG_DOWN alarm, the services are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LAG_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: No LAG is configured on the opposite NE.
l Cause 2: All member ports in the LAG are unavailable.
Procedure
l Cause 1: No LAG is configured on the opposite NE.
1. On the U2000, query whether the LAG is configured on the opposite NE.
2. If not, configure the LAG on the opposite NE and check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: All member ports in the LAG are unavailable.
1. When a port in the LAG is unavailable, the ETH_LOS, ETH_LINK_DOWN or
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm occurs in the system. For details, refer to 7.2
Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. clear the ETH_LOS, ETH_LINK_DOWN or LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm to
enable the member ports in the LAG and the LAG_DOWN alarm will be cleared
automatically.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.64 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN
Description
The LAG_MEMBER_DOWN is an alarm indicating that the member port of the link
aggregation group (LAG) is unavailable. This alarm occurs when the member port cannot be
activated and cannot work as the backup.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the board ID.
Parameter 2 Indicates the sub-board ID.

0xff: No sub-board.
Parameter 3, Parameter 4 Indicates the port number ID.
Parameter 5 Indicates the cause that makes the port unavailable.

l 0x01: The port connection is unavailable. Refer to cause 1.
l 0x02: The port fails to receive the LACP packet. Refer to cause
2.
l 0x03: The port works in the half-duplex mode. Refer to cause
3.
l 0x04: Loopback is set on the port. Refer to cause 4.

l When the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm occurs, in the case of the load-sharing mode,
packets may be continuously lost due to the insufficient bandwidth.
l in other cases, the link switching is triggered and packets are lost in a short period.
l The LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm will be suppressed when the ETH_LINK_DOWN
alarm occurs.

l When the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm occurs, the system suppresses the

MAC_FCS_EXC alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The port connection is unavailable.

l Cause 2: The port fails to receive the LACP packet.
l Cause 3: The port works in the half-duplex mode.
l Cause 4: Loopback is set on the port.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The port connection is unavailable.
1. On the U2000, check whether the LAG member port which reports the alarm is enabled
according to the alarm parameters. For details, refer to Setting the General Attributes
of Ethernet Interfaces in OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Configuration
Guide manual.
2. If not, enable the LAG member port first and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
3. If the alarm persists, check whether the ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN alarm occurs on
the port which reports the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm. For details, refer to 7.2
4. If yes, clear the ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN alarm first and then check whether the
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The port fails to receive the LACP packet.
1. On the U2000, check whether the opposite port is added into the LAG group. For
details, refer to Configuring LAG in OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
Feature Description manual.
2. If not, add the opposite port into the LAG group and check whether this alarm is
cleared.
3. If the alarm persists, check whether the ETH_LOS or FLOW_OVER alarm occurs on
the port which reports the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm.
4. If yes, clear the ETH_LOS or FLOW_OVER alarm first and then check whether the
LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The port works in the half-duplex mode.
1. Modify the working mode of the port to Auto-Negotiation or Full-Duplex and then
check whether the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarm is cleared. For details, refer to
7.23 Querying and Setting the Working Mode of Ethernet interface.
1. Release the loopback of the port and check whether the LAG_MEMBER_DOWN
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.9 Configuring Port Loopback.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.65 LASER_MOD_ERR
Description
The LASER_MOD_ERR alarm indicates mismatch of the optical module. When the inserted
optical module is not supported by the board, the LASER_MOD_ERR alarm occurs.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the LASER_MOD_ERR alarm occurs, the optical module cannot start working, the
signals are lost and the services are interrupted.
l The LASER_MOD_ERR alarm will be suppressed when the LSR_NO_FITED alarm
occurs.
l When the LSR_NO_FITED alarm occurs, the system suppresses the ETH_LOS, R_LOS
and other alarms related to optical module.
Possible Causes
The cause of the LASER_MOD_ERR alarm is as follows:
The installed optical module is not of the same type or speed as requested.
Procedure
l Cause: The installed optical module is not of the same type or speed as requested.
1. Replace a proper optical module according to the version mapping table. For details,
refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.66 LASER_SHUT
Description
The LASER_SHUT is an alarm indicating that the board laser is shut down.

Attribute
0xf815 Major Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the LASER_SHUT alarm occurs, the services are interrupted.
l In the case of LASER_SHUT alarm, the system will suppresses the LSR_BCM_ALM and
OUT_PWR_ABN alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LASER_SHUT alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The user shuts down the laser.
l Cause 2: The board reports the HARD_BAD alarm, and the software shut the laser
automatically.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The user shuts down the laser.
1. Remove the alarm shutdown setting, and then check whether the alarm is cleared. For
details, refer to Configuring Interfaces in OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission
System Configuration Guide manual.
l Cause 2: The board reports the HARD_BAD alarm, and the software shut the laser
automatically.
1. On the U2000, check the current alarms or the history alarms for the HARD_BAD
alarm.
2. If the HARD_BAD alarm occurs, cold-reset the board. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
3. If the alarm persists, replace the board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.67 LFA
Description
The LFA is an alarm indicating the loss of E1 basic frame alignment. This alarm indicates that
the E1 double frame is failed in basic frame delimitation and that the delimitation synchronous
status is lost.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the LFA alarm occurs, the relevant E1 link is deactivated, and then the available
links in the IMA group are reduced.
l For the VCTRUNK link that is bound with only one path, if the LFA alarm occurs, the
l After the LFA alarm is cleared, the relevant E1 link in the IMA group is automatically
activated.
l The LFA alarm will be suppressed when the UP_E1_AIS alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LFA alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The frame format of the E1 signals transmitted from the opposite NE is
inconsistent with the received frame format that is specified at the local NE.
l Cause 2: The equipment is faulty.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the frame format of the E1 signals transmitted from the
opposite NE is consistent with the received frame format that is specified at the local
NE. For details, refer to Setting the Advanced Attributes of PDH Interfaces in
Configuration Guide.
2. If not, modify the configuration and make sure the frame formats of the E1 signals at
the two NEs match. Then, check whether the LFA alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the related boards
of the two NEs, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.

the LFA alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the LFA alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether the LFA alarm
is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
Basic frame
According to ITU-T Recommendation G.704, a basic frame shows the format in which the frame
synchronization sequence (FAS) is carried in the even frames, and the non-frame
synchronization sequence (NFAS) is carried in the odd frames.
8.3.68 LMFA
Description
The LMFA is an alarm indicating the loss of E1 multiframe alignment. This alarm indicates that
the E1 CRC-4 frame is failed in multiframe delimitation and that the delimitation synchronous
status is lost.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the LMFA alarm occurs, the relevant E1 link is deactivated, and then the available
links in the IMA group are reduced.
l For the VCTRUNK link that is bound with only one path, if the LMFA alarm occurs, the
l After the LMFA alarm is cleared, the relevant E1 link in the IMA group is automatically
activated.
l The LMFA alarm will be suppressed when the UP_E1_AIS alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LMFA alarm are as follows:

Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the frame format of the E1 signals transmitted from the
opposite NE is consistent with the received frame format that is specified at the local
NE.
2. If not, modify the configuration and make sure the frame formats of the E1 signals at
the two NEs match. Then, check whether the LMFA alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the related boards
of the two NEs, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
the LMFA alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the LMFA alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether the LMFA
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
Basic frame
According to ITU-T Recommendation G.704, a basic frame shows the format in which the frame
synchronization sequence (FAS) is carried in the even frames, and the non-frame
synchronization sequence (NFAS) is carried in the odd frames.
Multiframe
A multiframe contains 8 basic frames, and it can be checked in the CRC mode.
8.3.69 LOOP_ALM
Description
The LOOP_ALM is an alarm indicating the loopback. This alarm occurs when the service
loopback is set.
Attribute
0x00F0 Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the loopback type.

l 0x00: Optical/Electrical interface inloop.
l 0x01: Optical/Electrical interface outloop.
l 0x02: Path inloop.
l 0x03: Path outloop.
l 0x04: Loopback at the client side.
l 0x05: Loopback at the multiplexing side.
l 0x06: SPI inloop.
l 0x07: SPI outloop.
l 0x08: Inloop at the ATM layer.
l 0x09: Outloop at the ATM layer.
l 0x0A: Inloop at the PHY layer.
l 0x0B: Outloop at the PHY layer.
l 0x0C: Inloop at the MAC layer.
l 0x0D: Outloop at the MAC layer.
l 0x0E: VC-4 timeslot inloop.
l 0x0F: VC-4 timeslot outloop.
l 0x10: VC-3 timeslot inloop.
l 0x11: VC-3 timeslot outloop.
l 0x12: VC-12 timeslot inloop.
l 0x13: VC-12 timeslot outloop.

When the LOOP_ALM alarm occurs, there is the loopback in the system, and services at the
optical interface or in the path which reports the alarm are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LOOP_ALM alarm are as follows:

l Cause 2: Loops exists in the service.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the loopback is set on the port which reports the
LOOP_ALM alarm. For details, refer to 7.9 Configuring Port Loopback.
2. If yes, release the loopback of the port and check whether the LOOP_ALM alarm is
cleared.
l Cause 2: Loops exists in the service.

1. On the U2000, check whether loops exist in the service.

2. If yes, modify the service configuration and delete the loops.
3. For Ethernet services, enable the function of loopback port shutdown to release the
service loopback and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.70 LP_RDI_VC12
Description
The LP_RDI_VC12 is an alarm indicating the remote receiving failure of the lower order path.
This alarm occurs when the board detects that bit 8 of the V5 byte in the VC-12 lower order path
is 1.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l The LP_RDI_VC12 alarm is an accompanying alarm. When the LP_RDI_VC12 alarm
occurs, it indicates that the opposite NE fails to receive signals, but the services at the local
NE are not affected.
l The LP_RDI_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the MS_RDI, HP_RDI,
TU_AIS_VC12, TU_LOP_VC12 and BIP_EXC alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The cause of the LP_RDI_VC12 alarm is as follows:
The relevant path of the opposite board reports the TU_AIS_VC12 or TU_LOP_VC12 alarm,
and the LP_RDI_VC12 alarm is returned to the local NE.
Procedure
l Cause: The relevant path of the opposite board reports the TU_AIS_VC12 or
TU_LOP_VC12 alarm, and the LP_RDI_VC12 alarm is returned to the local NE.

1. Clear the TU_AIS_VC12 or TU_LOP_VC12 alarm on the relevant path of the

opposite board first, and then check whether the LP_RDI_VC12 alarm on the local
NE is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.71 LP_RFI
Description
The LP_RFI is an alarm indicating the remote failure of the lower order path. This alarm occurs
when the board detects that bit 4 of the V5 byte is 1.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

The LP_RFI alarm is an accompanying alarm. When the LP_RFI alarm occurs, it indicates that
the opposite NE fails to receive signals, but the services at the local NE are not affected.
Possible Causes
The cause of the LP_RFI alarm is as follows:
The opposite board detects the BIP_EXC alarm, and the LP_RFI alarm is returned to the local
NE.
Procedure
l Cause: The opposite board detects the BIP_EXC alarm, and the LP_RFI alarm is returned
to the local NE.
1. Clear the BIP_EXC alarm on the opposite board first, and then check whether the
LP_RFI alarm on the local NE is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.72 LP_SLM_VC12
Description
The LP_SLM_VC12 is an alarm indicating the signal identification mismatch of the lower order
VC-12 path. This alarm occurs when the board detects that the signal label (bit 5 to bit 7)
mismatch event occurs in the V5 byte.
Attribute
0xf86a Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the LP_SLM_VC12 alarm occurs, it does not affect services.
l The LP_SLM_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the TU_AIS_VC12,
TU_LOP_VC12 and BIP_EXC alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LP_SLM_VC12 alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The configured V5 byte is inconsistent with the service type.

l Cause 2: The V5 byte to be transmitted at the opposite end is inconsistent with the V5 byte
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configured V5 byte is inconsistent with the service type.
1. On the U2000, check whether the V5 byte to be received of the board which reports
the LP_SLM_VC12 alarm is consistent with the service type of the path.
2. If not, modify the incorrect configuration and check whether the alarm is cleared.
3. If the LP_SLM_VC12 alarm persists, check whether the V5 byte to be transmitted
from the opposite board is consistent with the service type of the path.
4. If not, modify the incorrect configuration of the opposite board and check whether the
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The V5 byte to be transmitted at the opposite end is inconsistent with the V5 byte
1. Check whether the V5 byte to be received of the board which reports the
LP_SLM_VC12 alarm is consistent with that to be transmitted from the opposite
board.

----End
Related Information
V5 byte coding rule
Table 8-9 Mapping relation between the service type and V5 byte
Input Service Type V5 Byte (in Hex)
Asynchrony 02
Unequipped or supervisory unequipped 00
8.3.73 LP_TIM_VC12
Description
The LP_TIM_VC12 is an alarm indicating the trace identifier J2 mismatch of the lower order
VC-12 path. This alarm occurs when the board detects the J2 byte mismatch.
Attribute
0xf86c Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the LP_TIM_VC12 alarm occurs, it does not affect services.
l The LP_TIM_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the TU_AIS_VC12,
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LP_TIM_VC12 alarm are as follows:

Procedure
1. Check whether the J2 byte to be received of the board which reports the
LP_TIM_VC12 alarm is consistent with that to be transmitted from the opposite board.
1. On the U2000, check whether the services are correctly configured.
2. If not, modify the configuration to be correct and check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board on the source NE that transmits the J2 byte and check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
2. If the LP_TIM_VC12 alarm persists, cold-reset the board that reports this alarm.
3. If the LP_TIM_VC12 alarm still persists, replace the board that reports this alarm.
4. If the LP_TIM_VC12 alarm persists, replace the board on the opposite NE.
----End
Related Information
8.3.74 LP_UNEQ_VC12
Description
The LP_UNEQ_VC12 is an alarm indicating that the lower order path is not loaded. This alarm
occurs when the board detects that the signal label (bit 5 to bit 7) in the V5 byte is 0.
Attribute
0xf86e Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm occurs, if the service configuration is incorrect, the
services may be interrupted.
l The LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the TU_AIS_VC12,

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The V5 byte is incorrectly configured.
l Cause 2: The services on the PDH side are not accessed.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The V5 byte is incorrectly configured.
1. On the U2000, check whether either of the V5 byte to be received of the board which
reports the LP_UNEQ_VC12 alarm and that to be transmitted from the opposite board
is configured to "00".
2. If yes, modify the configuration to "02" and check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The services on the PDH side are not accessed.
1. Check whether the services on the PDH side are accessed.
2. If not, make sure that the services are correctly accessed on the PDH side and check
----End
Related Information
V5 byte coding rule
Table 8-10 Mapping relation between the service type and V5 byte
Input Service Type V5 Byte (in Hex)
Asynchrony 02
Unequipped or supervisory unequipped 00
8.3.75 LSR_BCM_ALM
Description
The LSR_BCM_ALM is an alarm indicating that the bias current of the laser crosses the
threshold.
Attribute
0x003A Major Equipment alarm
Parameters


table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the bias current crosses the threshold.

l 0x01: The bias current is excessively high.
l 0x02: The bias current is excessively low.

l When the LSR_BCM_ALM alarm occurs, the gain is insufficient or the laser is damaged,
in the severe case of which the services may be interrupted.
l The LSR_BCM_ALM alarm will be suppressed when one of the LASER_MOD_ERR,
ALM_ALS and LASER_SHUT alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LSR_BCM_ALM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The laser is aged.

l Cause 2: This board is faulty.
Procedure
1. Replace the optical module on the port which reports the LSR_BCM_ALM alarm and
then, check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the
Pluggable Optical Module.
l Cause 2: This board is faulty.
1. Replace the board which reports the LSR_BCM_ALM alarm and then, check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.76 LSR_NO_FITED
Description
The LSR_NO_FITED is an alarm indicating that the laser is not installed. This alarm occurs
when the optical port is enabled but not installed with the optical module.

Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the LSR_NO_FITED alarm occurs, the data cannot be transmitted on the optical
port.
l In the case of the LSR_NO_FITED alarm, the system suppresses the ETH_LOS, R_LOS
and all the other alarms related to optical module.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LSR_NO_FITED alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The enabled optical port is not installed with the optical module.
l Cause 2: The optical module or the board is faulty, so that the optical module cannot be
detected.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The enabled optical port is not installed with the optical module.
1. Check whether the optical port is installed with the optical module.
2. If not, install a proper optical module to the optical port according to the version
mapping table. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The optical module or the board is faulty, so that the optical module cannot be
detected.
1. Replace the optical module on the port and then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. Replace the board which reports the LSR_NO_FITED alarm and then, check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.77 LSR_WILL_DIE
Description
The LSR_WILL_DIE is an alarm indicating that the a laser will be out of work soon. This alarm
indicates that the laser is unavailable.

Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the LSR_WILL_DIE alarm occurs, bit errors occur in the services. If the optical
module is not replaced in a timely manner, the services are interrupted after the laser is
damaged.
l The LSR_WILL_DIE alarm will be suppressed when one of the LSR_NO_FITED and
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LSR_WILL_DIE alarm are as follows:

l Cause 2: The detection circuit of the board is faulty.
Procedure
1. Replace the optical module and check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer
to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
l Cause 2: The detection circuit of the board is faulty.
1. Replace the board which reports the LSR_WILL_DIE alarm and check whether the
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.78 LTI
Description
The LTI is an alarm indicating the loss of synchronization clock source.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of the synchronization source that is lost.

l 0x01: All the synchronization sources of the system clock are lost.
l 0x02: All the synchronization sources of the first 2M phase-locked source are
lost.
l 0x03: All the synchronization sources of the second 2M phase-locked source
are lost.

When the LTI alarm occurs, the pointer justification may increase due to a low quality clock
and make the bit error rate increase.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the LTI alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The external clock source received by the clock interface of CXPR is lost.
l Cause 2: The line clock source is lost.
l Cause 3: The clock source is locked. In this case, when the current clock source is lost, it
cannot be switched to other normal clock source automatically.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The external clock source signal received by the clock interface of CXPR is lost.
1. On the U2000, check whether the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm occurs. For details, refer
2. If yes, clear the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm and then check whether this alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The line clock source is lost.
1. On the U2000, check whether the signal loss alarms such as the ETH_LOS alarms
occur. If yes, clear these alarms and then check whether the LTI alarm is cleared.
2. If the LTI alarm persists, perform a cold reset on the CXPR board, and then check
whether this alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.

3. If the alarm persists, replace the CXPR board, and then check whether the alarm is
cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
l Cause 3: The clock source is locked. In this case, when the current clock source is lost, it
cannot be switched to other normal clock source automatically.
1. On the U2000, check whether the clock source is in the "non-revertive" state. If yes,
re-configure the clock source so that it can recover automatically. Then, check whether
the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to Configuring the Clock Source Reversion in
2. Check whether the SYNC_LOCKOFF alarm occurs in the system. If yes, clear the
SYNC_LOCKOFF alarm first and then check whether the TOP_LTI alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.79 MAC_FCS_EXC
Description
The MAC_FCS_EXC is an alarm indicating that the bit error threshold-crossing event is detected
at the MAC layer. The software detects the number of bytes received by the MAC chip and the
number of bytes that have bit errors, and calculates whether the number of bit errors exceeds the
threshold. Then MAC_FCS_EXC alarm occurs when the threshold is crossed.
Attribute
0x31FA Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm occurs, the service performance may be degraded and
the services may be interrupted.
l The MAC_FCS_EXC alarm will be suppressed when one of the ETH_LOS,
ETH_LINK_DOWN and LAG_MEMBER_DOWN alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The line signals degrade.
l Cause 2: The input optical power is abnormal.

Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the LOOP_ALM alarm occurs. If yes, clear the
LOOP_ALM alarm first and then check whether the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm is
cleared. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm persists, check whether the DOS attack exists. If yes,
isolate the DOS attack source, and then check whether the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm is
cleared.
3. If the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm still persists, check whether any fault occurs in the fiber
or cable. Replace the faulty fiber or cable, and then check whether the
MAC_FCS_EXC alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The input optical power is abnormal.
1. Check whether the IN_PWR_ABN alarm occurs on the port which reports the
MAC_FCS_EXC alarm.
2. If yes, clear the IN_PWR_ABN alarm first and then check whether the
MAC_FCS_EXC alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.80 MP_DELAY
Description
The MP_DELAY delay is an alarm indicating the group member delay. This alarm occurs when
the delay of the group members exceeds the configured threshold.
Attribute
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 3, Parameter 4 Indicates the port ID.
Parameter 5 Indicates the timeslot number or the path number.

0xff: Parameter 5 is reserved.

When the MP_DELAY alarm occurs, the services in the MP group are affected and the service
signals degrade.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MP_DELAY alarm are as follows:
l Cause 2: The configured value of the Enable Differential Delay is too low.
Procedure
1. Check whether the congestion occurs at the network side. If yes, perform the expansion
as required, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. If the MP_DELAY alarm persists, replace the cable of the port which reports the alarm.
Then, check whether the MP_DELAY alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The configured value of the Enable Differential Delay is too low.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configured value of the Enable Differential
Delay is too low.
2. Increase the value of the Enable Differential Delay depending on the actual scene,
and check whether the MP_DELAY alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.81 MP_DOWN
Description
The MP_DOWN alarm indicates a failure of the MP group. When the number of enabled links
in the MP group is less than the configured minimum number of enabled links in the MP group,
the MP_DOWN alarm is reported. The default minimum number of enabled links is 1.

Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the MP group fails, all the services transmitted over the MP group are interrupted.
l When the number of enabled links in the MP group is more than the configured minimum
number of enabled links in the MP group, the MP_DOWN alarm is cleared automatically.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MP_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The number of enabled links in the MP group is less than the configured Min
Activated Link Count of the MP group.
l Cause 2: The configuration of MP group on the two ends is inconsistent.
l Cause 3: The NCP protocol is abnormal.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The number of enabled links in the MP group is less than the configured Min
Activated Link Count of the MP group.
1. On the U2000, check whether the number of enabled links in the MP group is less
than the configured Min Activated Link Count of the MP group. For details, refer
to Configuring ML-PPP in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. If yes, modify the configuration value of Min Activated Link Count to less than the
number of enabled links in the MP group, and check whether the MP_DOWN alarm
is cleared.
l Cause 2: The configuration of MP group on the two ends is inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration of MP group on the two ends is
consistent. If not, modify the configuration on the two ends and make it be consistent.
For details, refer to Configuring ML-PPP in the Configuration Guide manual.
2. Click Reset and enable the the MP protocol again. Then, check whether the
MP_DOWN alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The NCP protocol is abnormal.
1. On the U2000, check whether the PPP_LCP_FAIL or PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm occurs
on the links in the MP group. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of
a Board.
2. If yes, clear the PPP_LCP_FAIL or PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm first, and check whether
the MP_DOWN alarm is cleared.


1. On the U2000, check whether any alarms occur on the links in the MP group indicating
loss of signals, such as the T_ALOS alarm.
2. If yes, clear the T_ALOS alarm first, and check whether the MP_DOWN alarm is
cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.82 MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI is an alarm of tunnel backward defect indication. This alarm occurs
when the BDI packet is received at the receive end indicating that the forward tunnel is faulty.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI alarm occurs, the services at the transmit side are affected.
Possible Causes
The cause of the MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI alarm is as follows:
The upstream NE detects that the tunnel is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause: The upstream NE detects that the tunnel is faulty.

1. Check whether an anomaly occurs on the physical link between the local NE and the
upstream NE, such as a fiber or cable cut, an optical module fault or a board fault.
2. If yes, remove the anomaly, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.83 MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess is an alarm indicating that excessive trail termination source
identifiers are received. During three consecutive CV/FFD periods, this alarm occurs when five
or more than five correct CV/FFD packets are received.
Attribute
0x320F Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

The services may be interrupted or redundant packets are received.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The OAM attributes configured at the two ends are inconsistent.
l Cause 2: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, many tunnels are configured with
the same ingress node ID and same tunnel ID.
l Cause 3: The misconnection occurs on the physical link.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The OAM attributes configured at the two ends are inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, check whether the OAM attributes configured at the two ends are
consistent. For details, refer to Setting the MPLS OAM Parameters of a Tunnel in the
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Feature Description manual.
2. If not, modify the configuration to match each other, and then check whether the alarm
is cleared.
l Cause 2: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, many tunnels are configured with
the same ingress node ID and same tunnel ID.
1. On the U2000, check whether there are many tunnels configured with the same ingress
node ID and same tunnel ID.
2. If yes, delete the redundant tunnels or modify the Tunnel ID as other numbers. Then,
1. Check whether the fiber or cable is correctly connected.
2. If not, recover the correct connection and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.84 MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI is an alarm of tunnel forward defect indication. This alarm occurs
when the FDI packet is received, indicating a tunnel at the physical layer is faulty.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


When the MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI alarm occurs, the services maybe interrupted.
Possible Causes
The cause of the MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI alarm is as follows:
The upstream NE detects that a fault occurs at the physical layer.
Procedure
l Cause: The upstream NE detects that a fault occurs at the physical layer.
1. Check whether an anomaly occurs on the physical link between the local NE and the
upstream NE, such as a fiber or cable cut, an optical module fault or a board fault.
2. If yes, remove the anomaly, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.85 MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV is an alarm indicating the loss of tunnel connectivity verification.
This alarm occurs when the expected CV/FFD packet is not received within a period of three
consecutive cycles.
Attribute
0x320E Critical Communication alarm

l When the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm occurs, the MPLS APS is triggered and the
services will be switched to the protection tunnel.
l The MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm will be suppressed when the MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI
alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The CV/FFD is stopped at the ingress node.
l Cause 3: The board is undergoing reset at the ingress node.

l Cause 4: The service is configured to an incorrect port.

l Cause 5: The network is severely congested.
l Cause 6: The CPU utilization reaches 100% and the APR packets cannot be processed.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The CV/FFD is stopped at the ingress node.
1. On the NMS, enter the NE Explorer of both the ingress node and the egress node of
the tunnel. Select Configuration > MPLS Management > Unicast Tunnel
Management from the function tree. Choose the OAM Parameters tab.
2. Check whether the Detection Mode and Detection Packet Type parameters are
consistently set at the two nodes.
If the parameters are... Then...
Inconsistent, Modify the parameter configuration at

either of nodes to make the two
consistent. Click Apply.
Consistent, Proceed to next step.
3. Check the CV/FFD Status parameter at the ingress node.

If it is... Then...
Stop, Right-click the tunnel and click Start

CV/FFD in the displayed menu. Check
Start, Confirm the next cause.

1. On the NMS, check whether the HARD_BAD, ETH_LOS or
ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm occurs at the egress node. For details, refer to 7.2
If... Then...
Yes, Clear the above alarms first and check

whether the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV
alarm is cleared.
Not, Confirm the next cause.
l Cause 3: The board is undergoing reset at the ingress node.

1. On the NMS, check whether the COMMUN_FAIL alarm occurs at the ingress node.

If... Then...
Yes, It indicates the board at the ingress node

is undergoing reset. Clear the
COMMUN_FAIL alarm first and check
whether the MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 4: The service is configured to an incorrect port.

1. According to the NE planning, check whether the service is configured to the correct
port. For example, check whether the IP address of the next hop is correct.
If... Then...
Incorrect, Re-configure the service to the correct

port and check whether the alarm is
cleared.

1. Check whether the bandwidth of the faulty tunnel is fully utilized.
If... Then...
Yes, Increase the bandwidth or avoid the

transmission of a large amount of
unauthorized data. Check whether the
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 6: The CPU utilization reaches 100% and the APR packets cannot be processed.
1. On the NMS, check whether the CPU_BUSY alarm occurs.
2. If yes, clear the CPU_BUSY alarm first and then check whether the
MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV alarm is cleared.
3. Stop parts of the tasks of monitoring alarms and making performance statistics, or
choose a 24-hours performance statistics instead of the 15-minutes performance
statistics to reduce the CPU utilization. Then, check whether the CPU_BUSY alarm
is cleared.
4. If the alarm persists, check whether the loopback occurs in the network, which causes
the DCN packet storm. Cancel the illegal loopback.
----End

8.3.86 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH is an alarm indicating the trail termination source identifier
mismatch. This alarm occurs when no CV/FFD packets with correct trail termination source
identifiers are received within a period of three consecutive CV/FFD cycles.
Attribute
0x3210 Critical Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH alarm occurs, the services maybe interrupted or
packets from other tunnels are received.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, the source NE and the sink NE in a
specific tunnel are configured with the inconsistent LSR ID or tunnel ID.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, the tunnel source NE and the tunnel
sink NE are configured with the inconsistent LSR ID or tunnel ID.
1. On the U2000, check whether the tunnel configuration at the tunnel source NE is
consistent with the configuration at the tunnel sink NE.
2. If not, modify the configuration to match each other and check whether the alarm is
cleared.

----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.87 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE is an alarm indicating that the trail termination source
identifier is incorrectly merged. This alarm occurs when the CV/FFD packets with correct and
incorrect trail termination source identifiers are received within a period of three consecutive
CV/FFD cycles.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE alarm occurs, the packets from other tunnels are
received.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, there are many tunnels with the same
labels or IDs on the sink NE.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The tunnel configuration is incorrect, that is, there are many tunnels with the same
label or ID on the sink NE.
1. On the U2000, check whether there are many tunnels with the same label or ID on the
sink NE.
2. If yes, delete the redundant tunnels or modify the Tunnel configuration. Then, check
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.88 MPLS_TUNNEL_SD
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_SD is an alarm indicating the tunnel signal is degraded. This alarm occurs
when the packet loss ratio of the connectivity check (CC) packets exceeds the SD threshold but
not the SF threshold.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_SD alarm occurs, the service quality degrades and a small amount
of packets are lost.

Possible Causes
The possible cause of the MPLS_TUNNEL_SD alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The service bit error ratio is excessively high.
l Cause 2: No bandwidth is available.
l Cause 3: Other anomalies occur on the carrier layer.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm occurs. For details, refer
2. If yes, clear the MAC_FCS_EXC first, and then check whether the
MPLS_TUNNEL_SD alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the bandwidth configured to the tunnel is fully used.
2. If yes, expand the bandwidth of tunnel or eliminate the source where a large amount
of illegal data is transmitted. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether other anomalies occur on the carrier layer.
2. If yes, remove the configuration inconsistency fault or the protocol operation anomaly,
and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.89 MPLS_TUNNEL_SF
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_SF is an alarm indicating the tunnel signal is severely degraded. This
alarm occurs when the loss ratio of the CC packets exceeds the SF threshold but CC packets can
still be received in three consecutive periods.
Attribute
Parameters

table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_SF alarm occurs, the service quality degrades severely and a large
amount of packets are lost.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the MPLS_TUNNEL_SF alarm are as follows:
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the MAC_FCS_EXC alarm occurs. For details, refer
2. If yes, clear the MAC_FCS_EXC first, and then check whether the
MPLS_TUNNEL_SD alarm is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether other anomalies occur on the carrier layer.
2. If yes, remove the configuration inconsistency fault or the protocol operation anomaly,
and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.90 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN
Description
The MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN is an alarm indicating the tunnel unknown defect. This
alarm occurs when the type and the cycle of the continuity check packets received within a
certain period (three times of the cycle) are not the expected type and cycle.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

When the MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN alarm occurs, the OAM function is affected.
Possible Causes
The cause of the MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN alarm is as follows:
The OAM attributes configured at the two ends are inconsistent, such as the type or cycle of the
CC packet.
Procedure
l Cause: The OAM attributes configured at the two ends are inconsistent, such as the type
or cycle of the CC packet.
1. On the U2000, check whether the OAM attributes configured at the two ends are
consistent. For details, refer to Setting the MPLS OAM Parameters of a Tunnel in the
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Feature Description manual.
2. If not, modify the configuration to match each other, and then check whether the alarm
is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.91 MS_AIS
Description
The MS_AIS is an alarm of the multiplex section (MS) alarm indication. This alarm occurs when
the last three bits of the K2 byte are 111 in five frames consecutively received on the receive

side of the local optical interface. This alarm indicates that the signals in the multiplex section
corresponding to the optical interface that reports the alarm are unavailable.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the MS_AIS alarm occurs, the MSP switching or the path protection switching is
triggered. If no protection switching is configured, the services are interrupted.
l After the MS_AIS occurs, the board automatically returns the RDI signal to the opposite
NE. Consequently, the opposite station reports the MS_RDI alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MS_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: Higher level alarms (such as R_LOS or R_LOF) occur in the system.
l Cause 2: The cross-connect board of the opposite NE is out of position or is faulty.
l Cause 3: the linear board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: Higher level alarms (such as R_LOS or R_LOF) occur in the system.
1. Check whether the R_LOS or R_LOF alarm occurs on the port which reports the
MS_AIS alarm. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear these higher level alarms first, and then check whether the MS_AIS alarm
is cleared.
l Cause 2: The cross-connect board of the opposite NE is out of position or is faulty.
1. On the U2000, check whether the cross-connect board of the opposite NE is out of
position.
If the opposite cross-connect board is on position, go to step 2.
If the opposite cross-connect board is out of position, install the cross-connect
board correctly and wait until the board works normally (both STAT and PROG
indicators light green without flashing). Then, check whether the MS_AIS alarm
on the local NE is cleared.
2. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the opposite cross-connect
board, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
3. If yes, rectify the fault of the opposite cross-connect board and check whether the
MS_AIS alarm on the local NE is cleared.
l Cause 3: the linear board is faulty.

1. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the processing boards of the two
ends, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. Clear the hardware-related alarms first and check whether the MS_AIS alarm on the
local NE is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.92 MS_RDI
Description
The MS_RDI is an alarm indicating the remote receiving failure of the multiplex section (MS).
This alarm occurs when the last three bits of the K2 byte are 110 in five frames consecutively
received on the receive side of the local optical interface.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

The MS_RDI alarm is an accompanying alarm. When the MS_RDI alarm occurs, it indicates
that the services at the opposite NE are interrupted, but the local NE is not affected.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MS_RDI alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The optical interface of the opposite NE reports an alarm, such as R_LOS, R_LOF,
MS_AIS, B2_EXC or B2_SD.
l Cause 2: The related board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The optical interface of the opposite NE reports an alarm, such as R_LOS, R_LOF,
MS_AIS, B2_EXC or B2_SD.
1. Check whether the R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC or B2_SD alarm occurs on
the optical interface of the opposite NE. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board.

2. If yes, clear the alarms on the opposite optical interface first, and then check whether
the MS_AIS alarm on the local NE is cleared.
l Cause 2: The related board is faulty.
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on any of the local
receive board, the opposite transmitting board, or the cross-connect boards of the two
ends, such as the HARD_BAD alarm. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board.
the MS_RDI alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the MS_RDI alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether the
MS_RDI alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.93 MSSW_DIFFERENT
Description
The MSSW_DIFFERENT is an alarm indicating that the NE software versions on the CXPR
boards are inconsistent.
Attribute
0x023b Major Processing alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 0x01: Files in the FLASH.

0x02: Software that is running currently.
0x03: Software in the CF card.
Parameter 2, Parameter 3 Indicates the number of the inconsistent file on the system control
boards.

Name Meaning
Parameter 4 Indicates the alarm cause.

l 0x04: The versions of the files in the working and the protection
areas of a single system control board are inconsistent. Refer to
cause 1.
l 0x08: The versions of the files on the working system control
board are inconsistent with those on the protection system
control board, or in the same directory, files of the working
board do not have the same name as those of the protection
board. Refer to cause 2.
l 0x0C: The versions of the files in the working and the protection
areas of a single system control board are inconsistent, and the
versions of the files of the working system control board and
the protection system control board are inconsistent. Refer to
cause 3.

l When the NE software versions of the working system control board and the protection
system control board are inconsistent, the protection switching of the system is affected.
l If no NE software exists on the FLASH, the system cannot restart after the system is
powered off or reset.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the MSSW_DIFFERENT alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The versions of the files in the working and the protection areas of a single system
control board are inconsistent.
l Cause 2: The versions of the files on the working system control board are inconsistent
with those on the protection system control board, or in the same directory, files of the
working board do not have the same name as those of the protection board.
control board are inconsistent, and the versions of the files of the working system control
board and the protection system control board are inconsistent.
Procedure
control board are inconsistent.
1. Determine the correct software version according to the version mapping table.
2. Reload the correct software. For details, refer to Software Package Upgrade and
Package Diffusion.
l Cause 2: The versions of the files on the working system control board are inconsistent
with those on the protection system control board, or in the same directory, files of the
working board do not have the same name as those of the protection board.

1. On the U2000, query the software version of the two boards and determine the correct
software version according to the version mapping table. For details, refer to 7.3
Querying the Board Information Report.
Package Diffusion.
3. If the alarm persists, replace the board with the incorrect software version. For details,
control board are inconsistent, and the versions of the files of the working system control
board and the protection system control board are inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, query the software version of the two boards and determine the correct
software version according to the version mapping table. For details, refer to 7.3
Querying the Board Information Report.
Package Diffusion.
3. If the alarm persists, replace the board with the incorrect software version. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.94 MW_BER_EXC
Description
The MW_BER_EXC is an alarm indicating that there are excessive bit errors on the microwave
link. This alarm is reported if the BER on the microwave link crosses the specified threshold
(10-3 by default).
Attribute
0x3246 Minor Service alarm
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the line port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01
indicates that the alarm is reported by port 1 of the related board.
Parameters 2-3 Indicate the ID of the path that reports the alarm. For example, 0x00 0x01
indicates that the alarm is reported by path 1.

The services over the port are interrupted.
Possible Causes
l Signal fading on the microwave link is too high.
l The transmitter at the remote end is faulty.
l The receiver at the local end is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm is reported.
If... Then...
Yes Clear the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm.
Step 2 Replace the local IF board.
Step 3 Check whether the alarm is cleared. If the alarm persists, replace the opposite IF board.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.95 MW_BER_SD
Description
The MW_BER_SD is an alarm indicating that signal deteriorates on the microwave link. This
alarm is reported if the BER on the microwave link crosses the specified threshold (10-6 by
default) and does not reach the MW_BER_EXC alarm threshold (10-3 by default).
Attribute

Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the IF port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01
Parameters 2-3 Indicate the ID of the path that reports the alarm. For example, 0x00 0x01
indicates that the alarm is reported by path 1.

The service performance over the port deteriorates, and channel switching may be triggered if
the 1+1 FD/SD protection is provided.
Possible Causes
l Signal fading on the microwave link is too high.
l The transmitter at the remote end is faulty.
l The receiver at the local end is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm is reported.
If... Then...
Yes Clear the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm.
Step 2 Replace the local IF board.
Step 3 Check whether the alarm is cleared. If the alarm persists, replace the opposite IF board.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.96 MW_FEC_UNCOR
Description
The MW_FEC_UNCOR is an alarm indicating that the Reed Solomon (RS) encoding cannot
be corrected.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the IF port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01 indicates that the
alarm is reported by port 1 of the related board.

Bit errors occur to the services. If the system is configured with 1+1 FD/SD protection, channel
protection switching may be triggered.
Possible Causes
l The microwave link performance degrades.
l The transmit unit of the remote station is faulty.
l The receive unit of the local station is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to Troubleshooting Microwave Links.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.97 MW_LIM
Description
The MW_LIM is an alarm indicating that a mismatched microwave link identifier is detected.
This alarm is reported if a board detects a mismatched Link ID in the microwave frame
overheads.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

The microwave link fails to carry services.
Possible Causes
l The Link ID of the local station mismatches the Link ID of the remote station.
l The receive frequency at the local end is incorrectly configured.
l The direction of the antenna is incorrectly configured. As a result, the antenna receives the
microwave from other stations.
Procedure
Step 1 Determine the IF port that reports the alarm according to alarm parameters.
Step 2 Check whether the Link ID of the local station matches the Link ID of the remote station.
If ... Then ...

No, Modify the data configuration.
Yes, Go to the next step.
Step 3 Check whether the receive/transmit frequencies at the local end are consistent with those at the
remote end.
If ... Then ...

No, Modify the data configurations.
Yes, Go to the next step.
Step 4 Adjust the direction of the antenna to align it properly with the antenna at the remote end.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.98 MW_LOF
Description
The MW_LOF is an alarm indicating that the Reed Solomon (RS) frame is lost.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

The services are interrupted. If the system is configured with protection, protection switching
may be triggered.
Possible Causes
l The microwave link performance degrades.
l The transmit unit of the remote station is faulty.
l The receive unit of the local station is faulty.
l The working modes of the IF units at the local and the remote stations are the same.
l The working modes of the ODUs at the local and the remote stations are the same.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to Troubleshooting Microwave Links.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.99 MW_RDI
Description
The MW_RDI is an alarm indicating that there are defects at the remote end of the microwave
link. This alarm is reported if an IF board detects an RDI in the microwave frame overheads.
Attribute
0x312B Minor Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
alarm is reported by port 1 of the board.

If the local station is configured with reverse switching and both the active and standby boards
receive the MW_RDI alarm at the same time, the 1+1 switching may be triggered. This alarm
also indicates that service reception at the remote station may be interrupted.
Possible Causes
After detecting a service alarm that is caused by a microwave link fault, the receive station returns
a microwave link fault indication to the transmit station.
Procedure
Step 1 Handle the microwave alarm occurred to the remote station.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.100 NESF_LOST
Description
The NESF_LOST is an alarm indicating that part of the NE software is lost.
Attribute
0x00d7 Critical Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 to Parameter 3 Indicates the file type that is lost in the board software. The value
range depends on different board types.
Parameter 4 Indicates the cause of the alarm.

l 0x01: The file is lost.
l 0x02: The check of the data fails.
l 0x04: The file in working area is inconsistent with the file in
standby area.
l 0xff: Unknown cause.
Parameter 5 Not used.

l When the NESF_LOST alarm occurs, if the NE is not reset, the services are not affected.
l Once the NE is reset, the services on the entire NE are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the NESF_LOST alarm is as follows:
Part of the software on the CXPR board is lost or damaged.
Procedure
l Cause: Part of the software on the CXPR board is lost or damaged.

1. Press and hold the CF RCV button of the CXPR board for 5 seconds to restore the NE
database from the CF card.
2. If the NESF_LOST alarm persists, replace the CF card for a new one which is loaded
the normal software. Then, reload the software to the CXPR board.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.101 NESTATE_INSTALL
Description
The NESTATE_INSTALL is an alarm indicating that the NE is in the installing state. This alarm
occurs when the NE is just delivered from the factory or when the user issues the command to
initialize the NE.
Attribute
0xC5 Critical Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the NESTATE_INSTALL alarm occurs, no configuration exists at the NE side. Reload
the configuration at the NE side. Otherwise, the NE cannot be configured with services.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the NESTATE_INSTALL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The NE is configured with no data or the verification to the command issued by
the user to initialize the NE is not performed. Therefore, the NE is in the initializing state.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The NE is configured with no data or the verification to the command issued by
the user to initialize the NE is not performed. Therefore, the NE is in the initializing state.
1. Issue the NE configuration data and perform the verification. Then, check whether

1. Cold-reset the CXPR board and check whether the NESTATE_INSTALL alarm is
cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
2. If the NESTATE_INSTALL alarm persists, replace the CXPR board and check
whether the NESTATE_INSTALL alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.102 OUT_PWR_ABN
Description
The OUT_PWR_ABN is an alarm indicating that the output optical power is abnormal.
Attribute
0x001A Critical Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm occurs, the service transmission performance is affected. In
severe cases, the services are interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The output optical power is excessively high or low.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The output optical power is excessively high or low.
1. Replace the optical module on the port which reports the alarm and check whether the
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
1. Replace the board which reports the alarm and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.103 PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT
Description
The PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT is an alarm indicating that activating the patch package times
out. This alarm occurs when the patch package is in the active state for a period longer than the
specified period of time. In this case, the user needs to process the patch package.
Attribute
0x31E8 Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT alarm occurs, it does not affect services.
Possible Causes
The cause of the PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT alarm is as follows:
The patch package is in the active state for a period longer than the specified period of time.
Procedure
l Cause: The patch package is in the active state for a period longer than the specified period
of time.
1. Check whether the activated patch package is normal.
2. If yes, run the patch package to make the it valid. If not, delete the patch package.
Then, the alarm is cleared automatically.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.104 PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT
Description
The PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT is an alarm indicating that deactivating the patch package
times out. This alarm occurs when the patch package is in the inactive state for a period longer
than the specified period of time. In this case, the user needs to process the patch package.
Attribute
0x31E7 Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT alarm occurs, it does not affect services.
Possible Causes
The cause of the PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT alarm is as follows:
The patch package is in the inactive state for a period longer than the specified period of time.
Procedure
l Cause: The patch package is in the inactive state for a period longer than the specified
period of time.
1. To make the patch package valid, activate the patch package.
2. Otherwise, delete the patch package. Then, the alarm is cleared automatically.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.105 PATCH_ERR
Description
The PATCH_ERR is an alarm indicating that the automatic patch loading fails. If there are
patches in the running state before the NE is reset, normally, the patches are automatically loaded
and executed after the NE is reset. If the loading fails due to an anomaly, the PATCH_ERR
alarm occurs.

Attribute
0x026D Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

The function of the patch is unavailable.
Possible Causes
The cause of the PATCH_ERR alarm is as follows:
The loading of the patches which are in the running state fails after the NE is reset.
Procedure
l Cause: The loading of the patches which are in the running state fails after the NE is reset.
1. Reload the patch files and check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. If the PATCH_ERR alarm persists, download the correct patch files and then load
them. For details, refer to the iManager U2000 Online Help.
3. If the PATCH_ERR alarm still persists, replace the board that reports the alarm and
reload the patch files. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.106 PATCH_PKGERR
Description
The PATCH_PKGERR is an alarm indicating that the patch package file is incorrect.
Attribute
0x31F6 Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.


When the PATCH_PKGERR alarm occurs, if the board is protection board, the protection
switching cannot be performed and the services maybe interrupted.
Possible Causes
The cause of the PATCH_PKGERR alarm is as follows:
The patch package file is damaged or deleted.
Procedure
l Cause: The patch package file is damaged or deleted.
1. Reload the patch files and check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. If the PATCH_ERR alarm persists, download the correct patch files and then load
them. For details, refer to the iManager U2000 Online Help.
3. If the PATCH_ERR alarm still persists, replace the board that reports the alarm and
reload the patch files. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.107 PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST
Description
The PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST is an alarm indicating that the patch file does not exist. If there
are patches in the running state before the NE is reset, normally, the patches are automatically
loaded and executed after the NE is reset. If the system finds that the patch files do not exist, the
PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST alarm occurs.
Attribute
0x026C Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST alarm occurs, the patch cannot function.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST alarm is as follows:

The system finds that the patch files which are in the running state do not exist after the NE is
reset.
Procedure
l Cause: The system finds that the patch files which are in the running state do not exist after
the NE is reset.
1. Newly download the patch files and then load them. For details, refer to the iManager
U2000 Online Help.
2. If the PATCHFILE_NOTEXIST alarm persists, replace the board that reports the
alarm and reload the patch files. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
Description
The POWER_ABNORMAL alarm indicates a power supply failure. When the power supply to
the board becomes abnormal, the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x19c Major Equipment alarm

Parameters
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 In the case of the CXPR board, the meanings are as follows:
l bit[0]: The 1.1 V power supply fails.
l bit[6]: The 5 V power supply fails.
l bit[7]: The 12 V power supply fails.
In the case of the PIU board, indicates the ID of the PIU board.
In the case of the AUXQ, EG2, ML1A, ML1, EF8T, EF8F, or CD1 board, the
meanings are as follows:
l bit[3]: The 3.3 V power supply of the backplane fails.
In the case of the IFE2IFX2 or IFU2 board, the meanings are as follows:
l bit[3]: The 3.3 V power supply of the backplane fails.
Parameter 2 In the case of the PIU board, indicates the status of the first 48 V power supply.
In the case of other boards, the value is always 0x00, and this parameter is
meaningless.
l 0x00: The voltage is high.
l 0x01: The voltage is low.
l 0x03: The voltage is normal.
l 0x08: No power is input.

Name Meaning
Parameter 3 Indicates the status of the second 48 V power supply.

l 0x00: The voltage is high.
l 0x01: under-voltage
l 0x03: The voltage is normal.
l 0x08: No power is input.

In the case of the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm, the power supply is abnormal and the board
may fail to function normally.
Possible Causes
In the case of the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm, first check whether one board or multiple
boards report the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm. The possible causes of the
POWER_ABNORMAL alarm are as follows:
l Cause for one board reporting the alarm: The power supply unit on the board is faulty.
l Cause 1 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The PIU board is faulty.
l Cause 2 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The power input is abnormal.
Procedure
l Cause for one board reporting the alarm: The power supply unit on the board is faulty.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm. For details, refer
to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
2. On the U2000, check whether the board enters state Running Status after cold reset.
NOTE
The COMMUN_FAIL alarm is reported during the cold reset. When the COMMUN_FAIL
alarm ends, the board enters state Running Status.
If the board fails to enter state Running Status, it indicates that the board is faulty
and needs to be replaced.
If the board enters state Running Status, check whether the
POWER_ABNORMAL alarm ends
3. If the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm.
l Cause 1 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The PIU board is faulty.
1. Check whether there is HARD_BAD, BUS_ERR or COMMUN_FAIL alarm on the
PIU board which indicates the hardware is faulty.
2. If yes, clear these alarms first and then check whether the POWER_ABNORMAL
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2 for multiple boards reporting the alarm: The power input is abnormal.
1. Check whether the power supply to the NE is normal. For details, refer to the OptiX
RTN 950 Radio Transmission System IDU Quickly Installation Guide manual.

2. If not, make sure that another power supply is connected to the NE and check whether
the POWER_ABNORMAL alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.109 POWER_ALM
Description
The POWER_ALM is an alarm indicating that the power supply fails. This alarm is reported if
the ODU detects that its power module fails.
Attribute
0x017F Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the power supply that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01
indicates that the alarm is reported by the first group of power supply of the board.
Parameter 2 l 0x01: Indicates that the active power fails.
l 0x02: Indicates that the standby power fails.
Parameter 3 l 0x01: Indicates over-voltage.
l 0x02: Indicates under-voltage.

The ODU fails to work normally.
Possible Causes
The power module of the ODU is faulty.

Procedure
Step 1 Replace the ODU that reports the POWER_ALM alarm.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.110 PPP_LCP_FAIL
Description
The PPP_LCP_FAIL is an alarm of LCP protocol negotiation failure. This alarm occurs when
the encapsulation type of the local port is set to PPP, but the negotiation with the opposite port
fails.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the PPP_LCP_FAIL alarm occurs, the LCP negotiation fails and the services are
interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the PPP_LCP_FAIL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The configuration parameters of the port are inconsistent at the two ends.
l Cause 2: The network is baffled or of poor quality and The LCP protocol runs abnormally.
l Cause 3: the physical link is interrupted.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The configuration parameters of the port are inconsistent at the two ends.
1. On the U2000, check whether the configuration parameters of the opposite port are
consistent with that of the local port. For details, refer to Configuring Interfaces in the
2. If not, modify the configuration to make it consistent at the two ends.
3. For the optical interface, shut down the interface laser and then re-enable the laser.
Check whether the alarm is cleared.

l Cause 2: The network is baffled or of poor quality and The LCP protocol runs abnormally.
1. On the U2000, check whether the bandwidth configured to the tunnel which connects
to the port is too low. For details, refer to Configuring an MPLS Tunnel in the
2. If yes, re-configure the tunnel with a bigger bandwidth. Then, check whether the alarm
is cleared.
1. Check whether the physical link is normal.
2. If not, modify the faulty physical link and check whether this alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.111 PPP_NCP_FAIL
Description
The PPP_NCP_FAIL is an alarm of NCP negotiation failure. When it is detected that a link with
PPP encapsulation type is not added into the MP group, this alarm occurs.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

When the PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm occurs, the NCP negotiation fails and the services are
interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the PPP_NCP_FAIL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: A link with PPP encapsulation type is not added into the MP group.
l Cause 2: The network is baffled or of poor quality and The NCP protocol runs abnormally.
Procedure
l Cause 1: A link with PPP encapsulation type is not added into the MP group.

1. On the U2000, check whether all links with PPP encapsulation type are added into the
MP group. For details, refer to Configuring ML-PPP in the Configuration Guide
manual.
2. If not, add the link into the MP group. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The network is baffled or of poor quality and The NCP protocol runs abnormally.
1. On the U2000, check whether the bandwidth configured to the tunnel which connects
to the port is too low. For details, refer to Configuring an MPLS Tunnel in the
2. If yes, re-configure the tunnel with a bigger bandwidth. Then, check whether the alarm
is cleared.
1. Check whether the physical link is normal.
2. If not, modify the faulty physical link and check whether this alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.112 PW_DOWN
Description
The PW_DOWN alarm indicates that the PW service connection is interrupted.
Attribute
Parameters
ID Name
Parameter 1 to Parameter 4 Indicate the index number of the faulty PW.
Parameter 5 to Parameter 8 Indicate the running state of the local end.
Parameter 9 to Parameter 12 Indicate the running state of the opposite end.

In the case of the PW_DOWN alarm, the services carried by the PW are already interrupted.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the PW_DOWN alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The PW configuration at the local and remote ends is inconsistent.
l Cause 3: The tail fiber is not properly connected to the optical interface on the board.
l Cause 4: The optical module is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The PW configuration at the local and remote ends is inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, query the type of the service that the PW carries and check whether
the PW configuration at the two NEs is consistent.
2. If not, modify the configuration so that the PW configuration at the two NEs is
consistent.
1. On the U2000, check whether the bandwidth configured to the tunnel is too small.
2. If yes, expand the bandwidth or eliminate the source where a large amount of illegal
data is transmitted. Then, check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The tail fiber is not properly connected to the optical interface on the board.
1. Check whether the tail fibers are properly connected to the optical interfaces on the
boards at the two NEs.
2. If not, properly re-connect the tail fibers.
1. On the U2000, check whether the NEs at the two ends report any alarm related to the
optical module, such as the LSR_WILL_DIE alarm. For details, refer to 7.2
2. If yes, replace the faulty optical module. For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the
Pluggable Optical Module.
1. On the U2000, check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the board of the
two NEs, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether
the DOWN_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.113 R_LOC

Description
The R_LOC is an alarm indicating that clock signal is not detected at the receive end. This alarm
is reported if the line board fails to extract clock signal from the line signal.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the line port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01
Parameters 2-3 Indicate the path ID.

The service carried over the port is interrupted. If the system is configured with protection,
protection switching may be triggered.
Possible Causes
l The transmit unit of the remote site is faulty.
l The receive unit of the local site is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Based on the alarm parameters, locate the line port that reports the alarm.
Step 2 Perform port inloop at the local end.
If... Then...
The alarm persists Replace the local board that reports the R_LOC alarm.
The alarm disappears Go to the next step.
Step 3 Replace the line board at the opposite site.

If... Then...
The alarm disappears after the board is The fault is rectified, and the alarm handling
replaced
Step 4 Replace the CXPR board at the opposite.
If... Then...
The CXPR board at the opposite end is Refer to 5.1 Replacing the CXPR with the 1
configured with the 1+1 protection scheme +1 Protection.
The CXPR board at the opposite end is not Refer to 5.2 Replacing the CXPR Without
configured with the 1+1 protection scheme the 1+1 Protection.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.114 R_LOF
Description
The R_LOF is an alarm indicating that the loss-of-frame event occurs on the receive side of the
line. This alarm occurs when the out-of-frame state lasts 3 ms.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the R_LOS alarm occurs, the services are interrupted. The system automatically
inserts the AIS signals to the downstream NE and returns the MS_RDI alarm to the upstream
NE.
l If the MSP switching or path protection switching is configured, the R_LOF alarm triggers
the protection switching.
l If the optical interface that reports the R_LOF alarm is the current synchronization clock
source for the NE, the synchronization clock source switching occurs.
l The R_LOF alarm will be suppressed when the R_LOS alarm occurs.
l In the case of the R_LOF alarm, the R_OOF alarm will be suppressed.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the R_LOF alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The optical interface types of the two ends are inconsistent. That is, the optical
module types of the two ends are inconsistent. For example, the optical module type of the
local end is STM-1, while that of the opposite end is STM-4.
l Cause 2: The received optical power is abnormal.
l Cause 3: Fibers are incorrectly connected.
l Cause 4: The transmitting signal of the opposite NE has no frame.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The optical module types of the two end are inconsistent.
1. According to the network plan, check whether both the optical module types of the
two ends are correct.
2. If not, replace the incorrect optical module for a correct one. For details, refer to 5.9
Replacing the Pluggable Optical Module.
l Cause 2: The received optical power is abnormal.
1. On the U2000, check whether the IN_PWR_ABN alarm occurs on the optical interface
which reports the R_LOF alarm. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms
of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the IN_PWR_ABN alarm first and then check whether the R_LOF alarm
is cleared.
l Cause 3: Fibers are incorrectly connected.
1. Check whether fibers are correctly connected.
2. If not, modify the incorrect connection, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
l Cause 4: The transmitting signal of the opposite NE has no frame.
1. On the U2000, check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the opposite transmit
board.
2. If yes, clear the HARD_BAD alarm on the opposite transmit board first and then check
whether the R_LOF alarm on the local NE is cleared.
1. On the U2000, check whether the HARD_BAD alarm occurs on the receive board.
2. If yes, clear the HARD_BAD alarm first and then check whether the R_LOF alarm
is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.115 R_LOS
Description
The R_LOS alarm indicates that signals are lost on the receive side of the line. When the optical
module detects no input of light, the signals for receiving are lost and the R_LOS alarm is
reported.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the R_LOS alarm occurs, the services on the receive side of the line are interrupted.
The system automatically inserts the AIS signals to the downstream NE and returns the
MS_RDI alarm to the upstream NE.
l If the MSP switching or path protection switching is configured, the R_LOS alarm triggers
the protection switching.
l If the optical interface that reports the R_LOS alarm is the current synchronization clock
source for the NE, the synchronization clock source switching occurs.
l The R_LOS alarm will be suppressed when one of the LSR_NO_FITED or
l In the case of the R_LOS alarm, the other service-related alarms will be suppressed on the
same optical interface.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the R_LOS alarm are as follows:
l Laser-related cause 1: The local optical interface is not used and the laser is not enabled.
l Laser-related cause 2: The laser on the local NE is enabled, but the laser on the opposite
NE is not enabled. As a result, no optical signals are output.
l Fiber-related cause 1: No tail fiber is connected to, or the tail fiber is improperly connected
to the optical interface on the local board.
l Fiber-related cause 2: The fiber is cut.
l Fiber-related cause 3: The received optical power is excessively low.
l Board-related cause 1: The receive board on the local NE is faulty. As a result, signal
receiving over the line fails.
l Board-related cause 2: The receive board on the opposite NE is faulty. As a result, signal
transmitting over the line fails.

Procedure
l Laser-related cause 1: The local optical interface is not used and the laser is not enabled.
1. On the U2000, check whether the Laser Interface Enabling Status of the optical
interface is set to Disabled.
2. If not, disable the laser.
l Laser-related cause 2: The laser on the local NE is enabled, but the laser on the opposite
NE is not enabled. As a result, no optical signals are output.
1. On the U2000, check whether the Laser Interface Enabling Status of the opposite
optical interface is set to Enabled.
2. If not, enable the laser on the opposite optical interface.
l Fiber-related cause 1: No tail fiber is connected to, or the tail fiber is improperly connected
to the optical interface on the local board.
1. Check whether the tail fiber is properly connected to the optical interface on the local
board.
2. If the tail fiber is improperly connected, properly reconnect the tail fiber.
l Fiber-related cause 2: The fiber is cut.
1. Check whether the fiber is cut.
2. If yes, replace the fiber.
l Fiber-related cause 3: The received optical power is excessively low.
1. On the U2000, check whether the OUT_PWR_ABN alarm occurs on the opposite
transmit optical interface. If yes, clear the alarm on the opposite optical interface first
and check whether the R_LOS alarm on the local NE is cleared..
2. If the R_LOS alarm persists, clean the receive optical interface and the fiber header.
For details, refer to 7.26 Inspecting and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors.
3. If the R_LOS alarm still persists, check whether the flange or optical attenuator is
correctly connected and whether the attenuation of the optical attenuator is excessively
high. Correctly use the flange and optical attenuator.
4. If the R_LOS alarm still persists, adjust the optical power so that the optical power is
within the normal range by adding or removing optical attenuators.
l Board-related cause 1: The receive board on the local NE is faulty. As a result, signal
receiving over the line fails.
1. If the received optical power of the local board is normal, set Inloop for the interface.
For details, refer to 7.9 Configuring Port Loopback.
2. If the R_LOS alarm persists, it indicates that the local board is faulty. In this case,
replace the faulty board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
l Board-related cause 2: The receive board on the opposite NE is faulty. As a result, signal
transmitting over the line fails.
1. Replace the processing board on the opposite NE.
2. If the R_LOS alarm persists, replace the cross-connect board on the opposite NE.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.116 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF
Description
The RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF is an alarm indicating that the mean received power
of the ODU is lower than the threshold of the received power (the threshold value is about the
receiver sensitivity + 14dB).
When the received power of the ODU in consecutive six hours is lower than the threshold, the
system reports the alarm. When the mean received power of the ODU becomes normal in three
minutes after the alarm is reported, the alarm is cleared. The alarm is reported once every 24
hours.
Attribute
Alarm Severity Alarm Type

Minor Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 0 The value is always 0x01.
Parameter 1, Parameter 2 The value is always 0xff 0xff.
Parameter 3, Parameter 4 The value is always 0xff 0xff.

If the MW_LOF or MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm is not generated, the service is not affected.
Possible Causes
l The ODU fault of the transmit end causes the abnormal transmit power.
l The direction of the antenna is deflected.
l The transmission environment changes.
l The fade margin in the case of rain and fog in the network planning is insufficient.
Procedure
Step 1 Use the NMS to check whether the power of the ODU at the transmit end is normal.

If ... Then ...

The transmit power is abnormal Rectify the fault according to the alarm at the transmit end.
For how to rectify the fault, see Troubleshooting
Microwave Links.
The transmit power is normal Proceed to the next step.
Step 2 Check whether the direction of the antenna is deflected.
If ... Then ...

The direction of the antenna is deflected Adjust the direction of the antenna.
The direction of the antenna is not deflected Proceed to the next step.
Step 3 Check whether the transmission environment changes. For example, check whether any building
blocks the transmission, any large area of water surface such as a lake changes the link fading
significantly.
If ... Then ...

The transmission environment changes Contact the network planning department for
re-planning the transmission trail.
The transmission environment does not Proceed to the next step.
change
Step 4 If the alarm is reported frequently, contact the network planning department for increasing the
fade margin by re-planning the transmission trail.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.117 RADIO_MUTE
Description
The RADIO_MUTE is an alarm indicating that radio transmitter is muted.
Attribute
0x027F Warning Equipment alarm
Parameters

table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the RF port that reports the alarm.

The transmitter does not launch services.
Possible Causes
l The transmitter of the local site is muted.
l The data configuration of the ODU is incorrect.
l The IF board is faulty, causing abnormal IF output.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the transmitter of the ODU is muted.
If... Then...
Yes Cancel the muting operation.
Step 2 Check whether there is an CONFIG_NOSUPPORT alarm.
If... Then...
Yes Handle the CONFIG_NOSUPPORT alarm.
Step 3 Replace the IF board.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.118 RADIO_RSL_HIGH
Description
The RADIO_RSL_HIGH is an alarm indicating that the radio receive power is too high. This
alarm is reported if the detected receive power is equal to or higher than the upper threshold of
the ODU (-20 dBm).

Attribute
0x027D Critical Service alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

The service transmission is affected. If the system is configured with 1+1 protection, protection
Possible Causes
l There is a strong interference source nearby.
Procedure
If... Then...
The alarm disappears after the ODU is The fault is rectified, and the alarm handling
The alarm persists after the ODU is replaced Go to the next step.
Step 2 Remove the nearby strong interference source.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.119 RADIO_RSL_LOW

Description
The RADIO_RSL_LOW is an alarm indicating that the radio receive power is too low. This
alarm is reported if the detected receive power is equal to or below the lower threshold of the
ODU (-90 dBm).
Attribute
0x027E Critical Service alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

If there is neither the MW_LOF nor the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm, the services are not
affected.
Possible Causes
l The microwave link signal is too much attenuated.
l The transmit power of the remote site is too low.
l The ODU of the local site is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the transmit power of the remote site is normal.
If... Then...
No Replace the ODU of the remote site.
Step 2 Check whether the alarm occurs frequently.
If... Then...
The alarm occurs occasionally Contact the network planning department to change the
design to increase the anti-fading performance.
The alarm occurs frequently Go to the next step.

Step 3 Check whether the antennas at both ends are properly adjusted.
If... Then...
No Adjust the antenna again.
Step 4 Check whether the polarization direction of the antenna, ODU, and hybrid coupler is correctly
set.
If... Then...
No Correct the polarization direction.
Step 5 Check whether the outdoor units such as antennas, combiner, ODU, and flexible waveguide are
wet, damp, or damaged.
If... Then...
Yes Replace the unit that is wet, damp, or damaged.
Step 6 Check whether the antenna gain at both the transmit and receive sides meets the requirement.
If... Then...
No Replace the antenna.
Step 7 Check whether there is a mountain or building in the transmit direction.
If... Then...
Yes Contact the network planning department to change the design to avoid mountain or
building interference.
Step 8 Replace the ODU and the coupler at the local site in turn.
If... Then...
The RADIO_RSL_LOW alarm is cleared after the ODU The alarm handling is complete.
and the coupler are replaced
The RADIO_RSL_LOW alarm persists after the ODU Go to the next step.
and the coupler are replaced
Step 9 Replace the ODU and the coupler at the opposite site in turn.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.120 RADIO_TSL_HIGH
Description
The RADIO_TSL_HIGH is an alarm indicating that the radio transmit power is too high. This
alarm is reported if the detected transmit power is higher than the upper power threshold of the
ODU.
Attribute
0x027C Critical Service alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

Possible Causes
The ODU is faulty.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.121 RADIO_TSL_LOW

Description
The RADIO_TSL_LOW is an alarm indicating that the radio transmit power is too low. This
alarm is reported if the detected transmit power is below the lower power threshold of the ODU.
Attribute
0x027B Critical Service alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

Possible Causes
The ODU is faulty.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.122 RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL
Description
The RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL is an alarm of critical alarm inputs. This alarm occurs when
the user sets the severity of an available alarm input to critical and there is such an alarm input.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the number of the alarm input/output.

Range of parameter 1: 0x01 to 0x08.

l When the RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL alarm occurs, it does not affect the operation of
the board or the services on the NE.
l This alarm is a non-root alarm. When there is no other critical alarm on the equipment, this
alarm will be cleared automatically.
Possible Causes
The cause of the RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL alarm is as follows:
There is a critical alarm input.
Procedure
l Cause: There is a critical alarm input.
1. Check the alarm parameters and confirm the number of the alarm input/output.
2. Rectify the fault of the equipment to stop the alarm input, and then check whether the
RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.123 RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR
Description
The RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR is an alarm of major alarm inputs. This alarm occurs when the
user sets the severity of an alarm input to major and there is such an alarm input.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


l When the RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR alarm occurs, it does not affect the operation of the
board or the services on the NE.
l This alarm is a non-root alarm. When there is no other major alarm on the equipment, this
Possible Causes
The cause of the RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR alarm is as follows:
There is a major alarm input.
Procedure
l Cause: There is a major alarm input.
RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.124 RELAY_ALARM_MINOR
Description
The RELAY_ALARM_MINOR is an alarm of minor alarm inputs. This alarm occurs when the
user sets the severity of an available alarm input to minor and there is such an alarm input.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


l When the RELAY_ALARM_MINOR alarm occurs, it does not affect the operation of the
l This alarm is a non-root alarm. When there is no other minor alarm on the equipment, this
Possible Causes
The cause of the RELAY_ALARM_MINOR alarm is as follows:
There is a minor alarm input.
Procedure
l Cause: There is a minor alarm input.
RELAY_ALARM_MINOR alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.125 RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE
Description
The RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE is an alarm of warning alarm inputs. This alarm occurs when
the user sets the severity of an available alarm input to warning and there is such an alarm input.

Attribute
0x3014 Warning Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning


l When the RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE alarm occurs, it does not affect the operation of the
l This alarm is a non-root alarm. When there is no other warning alarm on the equipment,
this alarm will be cleared automatically.
Possible Causes
The cause of the RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE alarm is as follows:
There is a warning alarm input.
Procedure
l Cause: There is a warning alarm input.
RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.126 RPS_INDI
Description
The RPS_INDI is an alarm indicating that the microwave protection switching is detected.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the protection group, and defaults as 0x01.
Parameter 2 Indicates the type of protection switching.
0x01 indicates HSB protection switching.

During the HSB protection switching, services are interrupted. After the HSB protection
switching is complete, the services become normal.
Possible Causes
l The possible causes of the HSB protection switching are as follows:
1. The external switching triggered by the switching command that is issued by the
NMS software, occurs.
2. The automatic switching triggered by equipment failure or a service defect, occurs.
3. The reverse switching occurs. When the reserve switching of the HSB protection
group is enabled, the HSB protection switching occurs if both the protection and the
working IF boards report the MW_RDI alarm.
Procedure
l Determine the type of the protection switching based on the alarm parameters.
l Cause 1 of HSB switching: External switching occurs. That is, NMS issues a command to
trigger the switching.
Follow the steps:
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer.
2. The IF 1+1 protection group dialog box is displayed. Choose Configuration > IF 1
+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
3. Click Query. Query Equipment Switching Status in Protection Group.
If Equipment Switching Status in Protection Group is set to Forced switching or
Manual switching, the NMS issues a command to perform external switching.

4. Identify the cause of the forced switching, and clear the external switching
immediately.In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or the protection unit
of a protection group. Right-click and choose Clear switching from the shortcut menu.
Click OK in the displayed dialog box.
l Cause 2 of HSB switching: Automatic switching occurs. That is, the equipment is faulty,
or the service is defective.
Follow the steps:
1. Check whether any of the following faults or alarms occur. If any of the following
faults or alarms occur, rectify the faults or clear the alarms.
The IF board hardware is faulty, or the ODU hardware is faulty, focus on the alarms
such as HARD_BAD and TEMP_ALARM.
POWER_ALM, VOLT_LOS (IF board)
RADIO_TSL_HIGH, RADIO_TSL_LOW or RADIO_RSL_HIGH
IF_INPWR_ABN or CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
R_LOC or MW_LOF
NOTE
l If the switching is non-revertive, the services are not automatically switched to the working
path when the working path is restored to normal, and the RPS_INDI alarm persists. In this
case, you need to manually switch the services from the protection path to the working
path. The RPS_INDI alarm is cleared only when the switching is successful.
l If the switching is revertive, the services are automatically switched to the working path
only when the specified wait-to-restore (WTR) time expires after the working path is
restored to normal. The RPS_INDI alarm is cleared only when the switching is successful.
l Cause 3 of HSB switching: Reverse switching occurs. If the reverse switching function of
the HSB protection group is enabled, the switching is triggered when the MW_RDI alarm
is reported by the working and protection IF boards.
For the handling procedure, see MW_RDI.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.127 S1_SYN_CHANGE
Description
The S1_SYN_CHANGE is an alarm indicating the switching of the clock source in the S1 byte
mode. This alarm occurs when, in the SSM mode, the traced clock source is switched.
Attribute
0x00C1 Major Equipment alarm

Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of the switched clock source.

l 0x01: System clock.
l 0x02: First 2M clock.
l 0x03: Second 2M clock.

When the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm occurs, if the new clock source has a lower quality, pointer
justifications and bit errors are generated. As a result, the quality of services is affected.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The external BITS clock is lost.
l Cause 2: The service signals are lost.
l Cause 3: The S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm is generated at the upstream NE.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The external BITS clock is lost.
2. If yes, clear the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm and then check whether this alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The service signals are lost.
1. On the U2000, check whether the R_LOS, ETH_LOS or T_ALOS alarm occurs.
2. If yes, clear the R_LOS, ETH_LOS or T_ALOS alarm first and then check whether
this alarm is cleared.
l Cause 3: The S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm is generated at the upstream NE.
1. On the U2000, check whether the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm occurs at the upstream
NE.
2. If yes, clear the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm occurs at the upstream NE first and check
whether the S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm at the local NE is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.128 SECU_ALM
Description
The SECU_ALM is an alarm indicating that an illegal user fails to log in to the NE.
Attribute
0x00C8 Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of the login terminal.
Parameter 2, Parameter 3 Indicates the login errors.
Parameter 4, Parameter 5 Indicates the first two characters of the user name that is locked
after the login verification fails.

l After the password is incorrectly entered for three consecutive times, the user account is
temporarily locked. Two minutes later, the user account can be used for another login.
l The alarm ends immediately after it is reported.
Possible Causes
The cause of the alarm is as follows:
An illegal user fails to log in to the NE.
Procedure
l Cause: An illegal user fails to log in to the NE.
1. Query the NE security log to check the user name that is used for the login. For details,
refer to 7.1 Querying U2000 Operation Logs.
2. Log in to the NE with a correct user name.
----End

Related Information
After the login password are incorrectly entered for three consecutive times, the network
management system automatically locks the screen. Only the administrator can unlock the
screen.
8.3.129 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT
Description
The SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT is an alarm indicating the activation timeout of the
software package. This alarm occurs when the NE does not perform the commit operation a
certain time later after the board software is activated during the software package loading.
Attribute
0x23d Critical Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT alarm occurs, the software in the two areas of the
double-area boards on the NE is inconsistent. If any board becomes abnormal, rollback.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT alarm is as follows:
The NE does not perform the commit operation 30 minutes later after the software is activated.
Procedure
l Cause: The NE does not perform the commit operation in 30 minutes later after the software
is activated.
1. Check whether the software package loading is complete.
2. If yes, continue the commit operation of the software package loading. Then the alarm
is cleared automatically.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.130 SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH
Description
The SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH is an alarm indicating that the automatic match function is
disabled.
Attribute
0x0a0e Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH alarm occurs, the alarmed board cannot automatically
match the software from the CXPR board. Thus, the consistency of the software version on the
entire NE is affected and some functions of the NE may operate abnormally.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH alarm is as follows:
The automatic match function is disabled.
Procedure
l Cause: The automatic match function is disabled.
1. Issue the order to enable the automatic switch function, and then check whether the
alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.131 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL
Description
The SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL is an alarm indicating that the NE fails to commit the software.
This alarm occurs when the NE fails to commit the software for certain boards during the
software package loading.

Attribute
0x0a0b Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL alarm occurs, the software versions of the two file systems
on the system control board are inconsistent.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The commit operation on the NE fails for certain boards.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The commit operation on the NE fails for certain boards.
1. Check whether the software currently running on the system control board is consistent
with the software to be loaded. For details, refer to 7.3 Querying the Board
Information Report.
2. If the software currently running on the system control board is inconsistent with the
software to be loaded, restart the software package loading. After the software package
loading is successful, the alarm is cleared automatically. For details, refer to Software
Package Upgrade and Package Diffusion.
1. Check whether the hardware alarms such as the HARD_BAD alarm occur on the
system control board. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a
Board.
2. If yes, replace the system control board, and then check whether the
SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL alarm are cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.132 SWDL_INPROCESS
Description
The SWDL_INPROCESS is an alarm indicating that the NE is loading the software package.

Attribute
0x0a0c Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SWDL_INPROCESS alarm occurs, the NE is loading the software package. The
operations, including modifying configurations, uploading/downloading files, and backing up
the database, are prohibited.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_INPROCESS alarm is as follows:
The NE is loading the software package.
Procedure
l Cause: The NE is loading the software package.
1. Wait until the software package loading is complete, and check whether the alarm is
cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.133 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK
Description
The SWDL_NEPKGCHECK is an alarm indicating that when a file in the software package is
lost or fails to pass the check, the file cannot be modified. When a file in the software package
is lost or fails to pass the check, the system will modify the file from the other normal files. If
the modification fails, the SWDL_NEPKGCHECK occurs.
Attribute
0x023e Critical Processing alarm

Parameters
None.

l When the alarm occurs, the operations of the package loading of the NE cannot be complete.
l When the file is complete and passes the check, the alarm will be cleared automatically.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_NEPKGCHECK alarm is as follows:
The file type mismatches or a file is lost.
Procedure
l Cause: The file type mismatches or a file is lost.
1. Check whether the file type matches, and whether a file is lost. If file mismatch or fie
loss occurs, download the mapping software again.
2. Perform the software package loading again, and update the software package. Then
check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to Creating a Package Upgrade
Task.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.134 SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT
Description
The SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT is an alarm indicating that the files of some boards are not in
the software package for loading and the board matching fails.
Attribute
0x0a09 Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

As the software of the board is not contained in the software package, the board cannot perform
automatic match. As a result, the software version of the board is inconsistent with that of the
NE. Some functions may operate abnormally.

Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT alarm is as follows:
The files of some boards are not in the customized software package.
Procedure
l Cause: The files of some boards are not in the customized software package.
1. Re-download an integrate software package and perform the software package loading
for a second time. When the software package loading is complete, the
SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT alarm is cleared automatically. For details, refer to
Software Package Upgrade and Package Diffusion.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.135 SWDL_PKGVER_MM
Description
The SWDL_PKGVER_MM is an alarm indicating that the consistency check of the software
package version fails.
Attribute
0x0a0d Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

If the software versions on the NE are inconsistent, some functions of the NE may operate
abnormally.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SWDL_PKGVER_MM alarm is as follows:
The version information in the description file of the software package is inconsistent with the
actual version information.
Procedure
l Cause: The version information in the description file of the software package is
inconsistent with the actual version information.

1. Re-download an correct software package and perform the software package loading
for a second time. When the software package loading is complete, the
SWDL_PKGVER_MM alarm is cleared automatically. For details, refer to Software
Package Upgrade and Package Diffusion.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.136 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL
Description
The SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL is an alarm indicating that the rollback fails for certain boards
during the software package loading.
Attribute
0x0a0a Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL alarm occurs, The failed boards may have the software
inconsistent with the NE software. Hence, some functions of the failed boards may be affected.
Possible Causes
The possible cause of the SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL alarm is as follows:
Rollback of certain boards fails during rollback of the entire NE.
Procedure
l Cause: Rollback of certain boards fails during rollback of the entire NE.
1. Check whether there is MSSW_DIFFERENT alarm. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying
Current Alarms of a Board.If yes, clear the alarm first.
2. Restart the software package loading. After the software package loading is
successful, the alarm is cleared automatically. For details, refer to Software Package
Upgrade and Package Diffusion.
----End

Related Information
None.
8.3.137 SYN_BAD
Description
The SYN_BAD is an alarm indicating that the synchronization clock source is degraded. This
alarm occurs when the synchronization clock source traced by the equipment is degraded.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

If the clock source is degraded, tracing it may cause bit errors to the services.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the SYN_BAD alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The quality of the traced clock source is degraded.
l Cause 2: The board that reports the SYN_BAD alarm has a hardware failure.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The quality of the traced clock source is degraded.
1. Replace the current clock source with a normal one and check whether the SYN_BAD
alarm is cleared. For details, refer to Configuring the NE Clock Source in the OptiX
RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Configuration Guide manual.
2. If the SYN_BAD alarm persists, check whether the input clock is correctly configured.
If not, modify the configuration and check whether the SYN_BAD alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The board that reports the SYN_BAD alarm has a hardware failure.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the HARD_BAD or TEMP_OVER alarm
indicating the hardware is faulty.
2. If yes, clear these alarms first and check whether the SYN_BAD alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.138 SYNC_C_LOS
Description
The SYNC_C_LOS is an alarm indicating the loss of synchronization source level. This alarm
occurs when the clock source of a service board is lost in the priority table.
Attribute
0x006F Warning Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SYNC_C_LOS alarm occurs, the relevant clock source is lost and cannot be traced
by the equipment. The services are slightly degraded.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the SYNC_C_LOS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The external clock is lost.

l Cause 2: The input service signals related to the clock source are lost.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The external clock is lost.
2. If yes, clear the EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm and then check whether the SYNC_C_LOS
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The input service signals related to the clock source are lost.
1. On the U2000, check whether the T_ALOS or ETH_LOS alarm occurs which
indicates the input service signals are lost. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current
Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the alarm indicating the loss of service signals fist, and then check whether
the SYNC_C_LOS alarm is cleared.
----End

Related Information
8.3.139 SYNC_DISABLE
Description
The SYNC_DISABLE is an alarm indicating that the automatic synchronization function of the
system control board is disabled. When the automatic synchronization function of the system
control board is disabled, the SYNC_DISABLE alarm occurs.
Attribute
0x31F8 Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

l When the SYNC_DISABLE alarm occurs, the batch backup cannot be initiated. Thus, the
data of the working and protection boards is inconsistent.
l When the automatic synchronization function of the system control board is enabled, the
alarm is cleared automatically.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SYNC_DISABLE alarm is as follows:
The automatic synchronization function of the system control board is disabled.
Procedure
l Cause: The automatic synchronization function of the system control board is disabled.
1. Issue an order to set the automatic synchronization state of the system control board
to enabled, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
2. If the SYNC_DISABLE alarm persists, replace the board that reports the alarm. For
detail, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.140 SYNC_F_M_SWITCH
Description
The SYNC_F_M_SWITCH is an alarm indicating that the clock source is switched in a manual
or forced manner.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the slot ID.

0xFF: No sub-board.
Parameter 3, Parameter 4 Indicates the port ID.

l Parameter 1=0x00, Parameter 2=0xf0, Parameter 3=0x00,
Parameter 4=0x01: First external clock source.
Parameter 4=0x02: Second external clock source.
Parameter 4=0x01: Internal clock source.

When the SYNC_F_M_SWITCH alarm occurs, the NE clock works in the forced or manual
switching state. This alarm does not affect services.
Possible Causes
The cause of the SYNC_F_M_SWITCH alarm is as follows:
The NE issues the command of manual or forced switching to the clock source.

Procedure
l Cause: The NE issues the command of manual or forced switching to the clock source.
1. Check the alarm parameters to confirm the relevant clock source.
2. Referring to the actual scene, remove the manual or forced switching from the relevant
clock source, and then check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to the
iManager U2000 Online Help.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.141 SYNC_FAIL
Description
The SYNC_FAIL is an alarm indicating that the backup of the databases on the active and
standby system control boards fails.
Attribute
0x24f Minor Processing alarm
Parameters
None.

When the SYNC_FAIL alarm occurs, the data on the working CXPR and protection CXPR
cannot be synchronized. When the CXPR 1+1 protection switching is performed, the system
may run in an abnormal state as the data is lost or conflicts.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the SYNC_FAIL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The databases of the active and standby system control boards are damaged during
the batch backup of the databases.
l Cause 2: The communication between the active and standby system control boards is
interrupted during the batch backup of the databases.
l Cause 3: The software versions of the active and standby system control boards are
inconsistent.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The databases of the active and standby system control boards are damaged during
the batch backup of the databases.
1. Check whether the DBMS_ERROR alarm occurs on the NE. For details, refer to 7.2
2. If yes, clear the DBMS_ERROR alarm first, and then check whether the SYNC_FAIL
alarm is cleared.
l Cause 2: The communication between the active and standby system control boards are
interrupted during the batch backup of the databases.
1. Check whether the COMMUN_FAIL alarm occurs on the NE.
2. If yes, clear the COMMUN_FAIL alarm first, and then the NE restarts the batch
backup automatically.
l Cause 3: The software versions of the active and standby system control boards are
inconsistent.
1. On the U2000, query and record the software versions of the active and standby system
control boards. Then, check whether the software versions are consistent. For details,
refer to 7.3 Querying the Board Information Report.
2. If the software versions are inconsistent, determine the correct software versions
according to the version mapping table. Then, replace the system control board with
the incorrect software. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.142 SYNC_LOCKOFF
Description
The SYNC_LOCKOFF is an alarm indicating that the clock source is locked out.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the SYNC_LOCKOFF alarm occurs, the relevant clock source is locked and cannot
be traced by the NE.
l This alarm does not affect services.

Possible Causes
The cause of the SYNC_LOCKOFF alarm is as follows:
A specific clock source is locked out.
Procedure
l Cause: A specific clock source is locked out.
1. On the U2000, confirm the locked clock source.
2. Unlock the clock source and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.143 SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL
Description
The SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL is an alarm indicating that the communication between the NE
and the SYSLOG server fails. This alarm occurs when the NE and the SYSLOG server have an
abnormal connection or session in the TCP mode.
Attribute
0x312A Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameters 1-4 Indicates the IP address of the SYSLOG server.
Parameter 5 l 0x01: The connection is interrupted.

l 0x02: The session is abnormal.

When the SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL alarm occurs, the SYSLOG information of the NE cannot
be sent to the SYSLOG server.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The connection between the NE and the SYSLOG server is interrupted.
l Cause 2: In the DCN communication mode, the gateway NE in not configured.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The connection between the NE and the SYSLOG server is interrupted.
1. Check whether the connection between the NE and the SYSLOG server is interrupted.
2. If interrupted, modify the physical connection to recover the good connection. Then,
l Cause 2: In the DCN communication mode, the gateway NE in not configured.
1. On the U2000, check whether the gateway NE is configured.
NOTE
In the DCN communication mode, the logs of the NE that does not directly connect to the
SYSLOG servers must be transmitted to a gateway NE that directly communicates with the
SYSLOG servers through DCN.
2. If not, configure a proper gateway NE, and check whether the alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.144 T_ALOS
Description
The T_ALOS alarm indicates loss of signals at the E1 port. When an E1 port does not access
any service, the T_ALOS alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x6B Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

In the case of the T_ALOS alarm, the service is interrupted.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the T_ALOS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: No E1 service is transmitted from the opposite port.

l Cause 2: The E1 cable is loosened or disconnected from the port.
l Cause 3: The opposite equipment is faulty.
l Cause 4: The cable is faulty.
l Cause 5: The interface board that reports the T_ALOS alarm is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: No E1 service is transmitted from the opposite port.
1. Check whether the E1 service is transmitted from the opposite port normally.
2. If not, recover the normal E1 service transmission from the opposite port.
l Cause 2: The E1 cable is loosened or disconnected from the port.
1. Check whether the E1 cable is loosened or disconnected from the port.
2. If yes, properly re-insert the E1 cable. Make sure that the E1 cable is in good contact
with the port.
l Cause 3: The opposite equipment is faulty.
1. On the ODF, perform self-loop (hardware inloop) on the channel with the T_ALOS
alarm. For details, refer to Testing Connectivity of the CES Service in the Installation
and Commissioning GuideOptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
Commissioning Guide manual.
2. If the T_ALOS alarm ends, it indicates that the opposite equipment is faulty. Take
priority to rectify the fault of the opposite equipment.
l Cause 4: The cable is faulty.
1. If the T_ALOS alarm ends after the self-loop, perform self-loop (hardware inloop) on
the channel with the T_ALOS alarm at the interface board.
2. If the T_ALOS alarm ends, it indicates that the E1 cable is faulty. In this case, replace
the E1 cable.
l Cause 5: The interface board that reports the T_ALOS alarm is faulty.
1. If the T_ALOS alarm ends after the self-loop, perform inloop on the channel with the
T_ALOS alarm on the U2000. For details, refer to 7.9 Configuring Port
Loopback.
2. If the T_ALOS alarm ends, it indicates that the interface board is faulty. In this case,
replace the interface board. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.145 TEM_HA
Description
The TEM_HA is an alarm indicating that the temperature of the laser is excessively high.
Attribute
0x01d Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

If the TEM_HA alarm is not cleared for a long time, the laser may be faulty. Consequently, the
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TEM_HA alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The working environment temperature is excessively high.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The working environment temperature is excessively high.
2. If yes, cool the environment temperature down to the range of -20 to 60 centigrade
and then check whether the TEM_HA alarm is cleared.
1. Replace the optical module on the port that reports the TEM_HA alarm, and then
check whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable
Optical Module.
2. If the TEM_HA alarm persists, replace the board that reports the alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.146 TEM_LA
Description
The TEM_LA is an alarm indicating that the temperature of the laser is excessively low.
Attribute
0x01e Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
None.

If the TEM_LA alarm is not cleared for a long time, the laser may be faulty. Consequently, the
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TEM_LA alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The working environment temperature is excessively low.

Procedure
l Cause 1: The working environment temperature is excessively low.
1. Check whether the environment temperature is lower than -20 centigrade.
2. If yes, warm the environment temperature up to the range of -20 to 60 centigrade and
then check whether the TEM_LA alarm is cleared.
1. Replace the optical module on the port that reports the TEM_LA alarm, and then check
whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5.9 Replacing the Pluggable Optical
Module.
2. If the TEM_LA alarm persists, replace the board that reports the alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.147 TEMP_ALARM

Description
The TEMP_ALARM is an alarm indicating that the temperature crosses the threshold.
Attribute
0x00A6 Minor Environment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 l 0x01: Indicates that the temperature crosses the upper threshold.
l 0x02: Indicates that the temperature crosses the lower threshold.

The board fails to work normally.
Possible Causes
l The board temperature crosses the threshold.
l The temperature detecting circuit is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 If the alarm is reported by the ODU, install a sunshade to control the temperature.
Step 2 If the alarm is reported by a board of the IDU, check whether the temperature control devices,
such as air-conditioners, operate normally.
If... Then...
No Adjust the temperature control devices.
Step 3 If the ambient temperature is normal and there is no heat-sinking problem, replace the board that
reported the TEMP_ALARM.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.148 TEMP_OVER
Description
The TEMP_OVER alarm indicates that the board working temperature reaches the threshold.
When the system detects that the working temperature of the board reaches the lower or upper
threshold, the TEMP_OVER alarm is reported.
Attribute
0x1C Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the threshold-crossing type of the board working temperature.

l 0x01: The board working temperature is higher than the upper threshold.
l 0x02: The board working temperature is lower than the lower threshold.

l Excessive (high or low) working temperature brings high risk for the system. If the system
operates with high risk for a long time, bit errors may occur and the services may be
interrupted. Hence, remove the risk in a timely manner.
l To avoid alarm jitter, the TEMP_OVER alarm is cleared only when the working
temperature rises to 5C higher than the lower threshold or drops to 5C lower than the
upper threshold.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TEMP_OVER alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The cooling or warming device is faulty and thus the working temperature is
excessively high or low.
l Cause 2: The upper and lower thresholds of the alarm are improperly set.
l Cause 3: The fan stops rotating .

Procedure
l Cause 1: The cooling or warming device is faulty and thus the working temperature is
excessively high or low.
1. Check whether the environment temperature in the equipment room is higher than
60 centigrade or lower than -20 centigrade.
2. If yes, check whether the cooling or warming device functions normally. If not, take
priority to rectify the fault of the cooling or warming device.
l Cause 2: The upper and lower thresholds of the alarm are improperly set.
1. Check whether the current working temperature, upper and lower temperature
thresholds for the board are proper. For details, refer to 2.2.4 Browsing the Current
Performance Events in the Routine Maintenance.
2. If the upper and lower temperature thresholds are set improperly, re-set the upper and
lower temperature thresholds.
l Cause 3: The fan stops rotating .
1. Check whether the FAN_FAIL occurs. If yes, take priority to handle the
FAN_FAIL alarm.
1. Check whether the any hardware-related alarm occurs on the board that reports the
TEMP_OVER alarm, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.149 THUNDERALM
Description
The THUNDERALM is an alarm indicating the lightning protection failure. If the system detects
the lightning protection circuit fails, the THUNDERALM occurs.
Attribute
0xF893 Minor Environment alarm
Parameters
None.

When the THUNDERALM occurs, the system operation and services are not affected, but the
lightning protection function fails.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the THUNDERALM alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The fuse tube of the lightning protection circuit is interrupted.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The fuse tube of the lightning protection circuit is interrupted.
1. Replace the fuse tube, and then check whether the alarm is cleared.
1. Replace the board that reports the THUNDERALM alarm. For details, refer to 5
Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.150 TR_LOC
Description
The TR_LOC is an alarm indicating that the clock of the CXPR board is faulty. This alarm occurs
when a board detects that the clock of the CXPR board is lost, the frame header is lost, or the
CXPR board is faulty.
Attribute
0x000E Major Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the board ID from which the lost clock is transmitted.
l 0x01: CXPR board with the small slot number.
l 0x02: CXPR board with the big slot number.
l 0x03: The two CXPR boards.

Name Meaning
Parameter 2 Indicates the detailed fault information.

l 0x01: Clock of the CXPR board with the small slot number is lost.
l 0x02: Frame header of the CXPR board with the small slot number is lost.
l 0x04: Bus indicating the status of the CXPR board with the small slot number
is faulty.
l 0x08: Clock of the CXPR board with the big slot number is lost.
l 0x10: Frame header of the CXPR board with the big slot number is lost.
l 0x20: Bus indicating the status of the CXPR board with the big slot number
is faulty.

When the TR_LOC occurs, the board fails to work normally.
l If the protection CXPR board is detected to be faulty, the services are not affected.
l If the working CXPR board is detected to be faulty, the services are switched and some
services are transiently interrupted.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TR_LOC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The clock line of the CXPR board is faulty.
l Cause 2: The board that reports the TR_LOC alarm is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause: The board is faulty.
1. On the U2000, check whether the alarm occurs on most service boards. For details,
refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, the CXPR board is faulty. In this case, replace the faulty CXPR board and check
whether the alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
3. If only the one board reports the alarm, replace it. Then, check whether the alarm is
cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.151 TU_AIS_VC12
Description
The TU_AIS_VC12 is an alarm indicating the generation of TU alarm at the VC-12 level path.
This alarm occurs when a board detects that the signals in the TU path are all "1".

Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the TU_AIS_VC12 alarm occurs, the VC-12 path services are interrupted.
l The TU_AIS_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the R_LOS, AU_AIS, HP_SLM
and HP_UNEQ alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TU_AIS_VC12 alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: Some higher level alarms, such as R_LOS, R_LOF, HP_SLM or AU_AIS, occur
in the SDH path connected to the very optical interface.
l Cause 2: A hardware fault occurs on the transmit board of the opposite NE.
l Cause 3: The receive board or the cross-connect board is faulty.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the R_LOS, AU_AIS, HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ alarm
occurs in the SDH path connected to the optical interface which reports the
TU_AIS_VC12 alarm.
2. If yes, clear these higher level alarms first and check whether the TU_AIS_VC12
alarm is cleared.
1. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the opposite transmit board, such
as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, clear the hardware-related alarm on the opposite transmit board first and then
check whether the TU_AIS_VC12 alarm on the local NE is cleared.
1. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the receive board or the cross-
connect board, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, clear the hardware-related alarm first and then check whether the
TU_AIS_VC12 alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.

8.3.152 TU_LOP_VC12
Description
The TU_LOP_VC12 is an alarm indicating the TU pointer loss in the VC-12 lower order path.
This alarm occurs when a board detects that the TU-PTR value is an invalid pointer value or
NDF reversion in eight or more consecutive frames.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l When the TU_LOP_VC12 alarm occurs, the VC-12 path services are interrupted.
l The TU_LOP_VC12 alarm will be suppressed when one of the R_LOS, AU_AIS, HP_SLM
and HP_UNEQ alarms occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the TU_LOP_VC12 alarm are as follows:
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the R_LOS, AU_AIS, HP_SLM or HP_UNEQ alarm
occurs in the SDH path connected to the optical interface which reports the
TU_LOP_VC12 alarm.
2. If yes, clear these higher level alarms first and check whether the TU_LOP_VC12
alarm is cleared.
check whether the TU_LOP_VC12 alarm on the local NE is cleared.

1. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the receive board or the cross-
connect board, such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, clear the hardware-related alarm first and then check whether the
TU_LOP_VC12 alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.153 UP_E1_AIS
Description
The UP_E1_AIS is an alarm indicating the generation of an alarm in the upstream 2 Mbit/s
signals. This alarm occurs when the upstream E1 signals are detected to be all "1"s.
Attribute
Parameters
None.

l In the case of the UP_E1_AIS alarm, the E1 signals are unavailable and the service is
interrupted.
l The UP_E1_AIS alarm will be suppressed when the T_ALOS alarms occurs.
l When the UP_E1_AIS alarm occurs, the system suppresses the LFA, LMFA and
ALM_IMA_LIF alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the UP_E1_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The T_ALOS alarm occurs on the opposite NE.

l Cause 2: Inloop is set for the E1 port.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The T_ALOS alarm occurs on the opposite NE.
1. On the U2000, check whether the T_ALOS alarm occurs on the opposite NE. For
details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.

2. If yes, clear the T_ALOS alarm on the oppostie NE first and check whether the
UP_E1_AIS alarm on the local NE is cleared.
l Cause 2: Inloop is set for the E1 port.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is the LOOP_ALM alarm on the E1 port.
2. If yes, set Non-Loopback for the E1 port and check whether the UP_E1_AIS alarm
is cleared. For details, refer to 7.9 Configuring Port Loopback.
1. On the U2000, check whether there is any hardware-related alarm on the two NEs,
such as the HARD_BAD alarm.
the UP_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting Boards.
3. If the UP_E1_AIS alarm persists, replace the related board and check whether the
UP_E1_AIS alarm is cleared. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.154 V5_VCAIS
Description
The V5_VCAIS is an alarm indicating the generation of a virtual container alarm. This alarm
occurs when bits 5-7 of the V5 byte in the lower order VC-12 path are all "1"s.
Attribute
0x25F Major Communication alarm
Parameters
None.

When the V5_VCAIS alarm occurs, the TU path service transmission on the board is abnormal.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the V5_VCAIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 2: The receive board board is faulty.

Procedure
check whether the V5_VCAIS alarm on the local NE is cleared.
l Cause 2: The receive board board is faulty.
1. Check whether the hardware-related alarms occur on the receive board, such as the
HARD_BAD alarm.
2. If yes, clear the hardware-related alarm first and then check whether the V5_VCAIS
alarm is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.155 VC_AIS
Description
The VC_AIS alarm indicates the generation of a virtual channel (VC) connection alarm. When
the VC with the segment and end point attributes receives AIS cells, the VC_AIS alarm is
reported, indicating that the upstream ATM service is abnormal.
Attribute
0X00E4 Major Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1, Parameter 2 Indicates the ATM Trunk.

l If the continuity check (CC) sink is enabled on an upstream NE but the NE does not receive
any CC cells, the NE reports the VC_LOC alarm and inserts the AIS cells to the

downstream. In this way, the VC_AIS alarm occurs on the local NE. In this case, the
connection, though not interrupted, is not loaded with any service.
l In other cases, the local NE detects the VC connection is interrupted when the VC_AIS
alarm occurs. The local NE continues inserting the AIS cells to the downstream NE and
returns the RDI cells to the upstream NE.
l In the following case, the VC_AIS will be cleared automatically.
Receiving the user CC cells
The CC is disabled
Not receiving any VCAIS cell in a period of 2.5s (0.5s)
l When the VC_AIS alarm occurs, the system suppresses the VC_LOC alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VC_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: An upstream NE reports the VC_LOC alarm and thus inserts the AIS cells to the
downstream NE.
l Cause 2: An upstream SDH path is faulty. As a result, the ATM port connected to the faulty
SDH path abnormally receives signals and inserts the AIS cells to the downstream.
l Cause 3: The LCD alarm occurs at the ATM port on an upstream NE and the AIS cells are
inserted to the downstream.
l Cause 4: The board on the local NE is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: An upstream NE reports the VC_LOC alarm and thus inserts the AIS cells to the
downstream NE.
1. On U2000, check whether there is any VC_LOC alarm with the same ATM connection
ID. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the VC_LOC alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.
1. Check whether there is any R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, AU_AIS, or AU_LOP alarm
in the upstream SDH path.
2. If yes, clear the alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.
1. Check whether there is any LCD alarm on the upstream NE and specific port.
2. If yes, clear the LCD alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.

1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VC_AIS alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the VC_AIS alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End

Related Information
Unidirectional connection
A complete bidirectional connection is divided into a forward unidirectional connection and a

backward unidirectional connection. The same NE is for the reference of the forward and
backward connections.
End and segment
An end point refers to the termination point on the chain network and functions to monitor the
entire virtual connection.
A segment point always refers to a segment on a link and the segment is monitored.
Segment end point
A segment end point is one segment end attribute. The segment end attributes include segment
point, end point, segment end point, and non-segment non-end-point.
l If the segment end attribute is set for an NE, the NE can capture alarms on the segment and
end point.
l If the segment point attribute is set for an NE, the NE can only capture the alarms on the
segment.
l If the end point attribute is set for an NE, the NE can only capture the alarms on the end
point.
l If the non-segment non-end-point attribute is set for an NE, the NE cannot capture any
alarm on the segment and end point.
8.3.156 VC_LOC
Description
The VC_LOC alarm indicates loss of connectivity check (CC) on the virtual channel (VC). When
the CC is enabled but no CC cells are received for more than 3.5s (0.5s), the VC_LOC alarm
is reported. When any CC cell is received, the VC_LOC alarm is cleared automatically.
Attribute
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning

l If the CC sink is enabled on the local NE but the local NE does not receive any CC cells,
the service connection, though not interrupted, is not loaded with any user service.
l In other cases, the service is interrupted when the VC_LOC alarm occurs.
l When the VC_LOC alarm occurs, the system automatically inserts AIS cells to the
downstream.
l The VC_LOC alarm will be suppressed when the VC_AIS alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VC_LOC alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The CC sink is enabled on the local NE, but no CC source is enabled on the
upstream NE. As a result, the local NE does not receive any CC cells.
l Cause 2: No bandwidth is available on the local NE and thus the CC cells cannot be received.
SDH path abnormally receives signals.
l Cause 4: The LCD alarm occurs on an ATM port on an upstream NE.
Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the CC Activate Flag on the local NE is set to Sink
activate or Source + sink activate. For details, refer to Setting the CC Activation
Status in the Feature Description manual.
2. If yes, modify the configuration of CC Activate Flag to Deactivate and check whether
For details, refer to the Configuration Guide manual.
in the upstream SDH path. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a
Board.
2. If yes, clear the alarm and check whether the VC_LOC alarm is cleared.

2. If yes, clear the LCD alarm and check whether the VC_LOC alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VC_LOC alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. Replace the board that reports the VC_LOC alarm. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.157 VC_RDI
Description
The VC_RDI is an alarm indicating that a fault occurs in the remote end of a virtual channel
(VC) connection. When a forward or backward VC connection that is set with the segment and
end point attribute receives the RDI cells, the VC_RDI alarm is reported, showing that the
downstream services are abnormal.
Attribute
0x00E5 Major Communication alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l When the VC_RDI alarm occurs, it just shows that the services in the receive direction of
the downstream VC connection are abnormal. The AIS cells are received in a segment point
of the connection, and the RDI cells are returned to the upstream connection. The services
are not affected.
l If no VCRDI cell is received in a period of 2.5s (0.5s), the VC_RDI alarm is cleared
automatically.

Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VC_RDI alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The VC_AIS alarm occurs in the receive direction of the downstream connection.
l Cause 2: The ATM processing chip of the board is faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The VC_AIS alarm occurs in the receive direction of the downstream connection.
1. On the U2000, check whether the VC_AIS alarm is generated on the VC connection
which reports the VC_RDI alarm on the downstream NE. For details, refer to 7.2
2. If yes, clear the VC_AIS alarm on the downstream NE first and then check whether
the VC_RDI alarm on the local NE is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VC_RDI alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the VC_RDI alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information
backward unidirectional connection. The direction of the forward and backward connections is
based on the same node.
End and segment
An end point refers to the termination point in the chain network, and it is used to monitor the
The segment point is, generally, used to monitor a segment of the whole link.
Segment and end point
This is one of the segment end attributes. The segment end attributes include: segment point,
end point, segment and end point, non segment and end point.
l If an NE is set with the segment end point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are
generated at segments and ends.
l If an NE is set with the segment point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are generated
at segments.
l If an NE is set with the end point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are generated at
ends.
l If an NE is set with the non segment end point attribute, it fails to capture the alarms that
are generated at segments and ends.
8.3.158 VOLT_LOS

Description
The VOLT_LOS is an alarm indicating that the power is not available. When the IF board detects
that the input or output voltage signals are lost, the VOLT_LOS alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the type of the power that reports the alarm.
l 0x01: Indicates -48 V/+24 V power output.
l 0x02: Indicates -48 V/+24 V power input.
l 0x03: Indicates +5 V power output.
l 0x04: Indicates +3.3 V power output.
l 0x05: Indicates lightning power.

If the alarm is reported by the IF board, the ODU connected to the IF board fails to work.
Possible Causes
l The output power is abnormal.
l The input power is abnormal.
l Lightning occurs.
Procedure
Step 1 Determine the type of the power supply that reports the alarm based on the alarm parameter.
If... Then...
In the case of the input power alarm Go to Step 2.
In the case of the output power alarm Go to Step 3.

If... Then...
In the case of the lightning alarm Contact the engineers to provide power
supply and to check whether lightning
protection is provided.
Step 2 Replace the IF board that reports the alarm.
Step 3 Check the power switch of the ODU.
If... Then...
The power switch is off Turn on the power switch.
The power switch is on Proceed to the next step.
Step 4 Check the IF jumper, IF cable, or ODU section by section for a short circuit.
If... Then...
A short circuit exists Replace the short-circuit component, and

then replace the IF board that reports the
alarm.
No short circuit exists Replace the IF board that reports the

alarm.
CAUTION
If the alarm is generated due to a short circuit, replace the short-circuit cable or ODU, and then
replace the IF board. Otherwise, the new IF board may be damaged.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.159 VP_AIS
Description
The VP_AIS is an alarm indicating the generation of a virtual path (VP) connection alarm. When
a forward or backward VP connection that is set with the segment and end point attribute receives
the AIS cells, the VP_AIS alarm is reported, showing that the upstream ATM service is
abnormal.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l If the continuity check (CC) sink is enabled on an upstream NE but the NE does not receive
any CC cells, the NE reports the VP_LOC alarm and inserts the AIS cells to the downstream.
In this way, the VP_AIS alarm occurs on the local NE. In this case, the connection, though
not interrupted, is not loaded with any service.
l In other cases, the local NE detects the VP connection is interrupted when the VP_AIS
alarm occurs. The local NE continues inserting the AIS cells to the downstream NE and
returns the RDI cells to the upstream NE.
l In the following case, the VP_AIS will be cleared automatically.
Receiving the user CC cells
The CC is disabled
Not receiving any VPAIS cell in a period of 2.5s (0.5s)
l When the VP_AIS alarm occurs, the system suppresses the VP_LOC alarm.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VP_AIS alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: An upstream NE reports the VP_LOC alarm and thus inserts the AIS cells to the
downstream NE.
Procedure
l Cause 1: An upstream NE reports the VP_LOC alarm and thus inserts the AIS cells to the
downstream NE.

1. On U2000, check whether there is any VP_LOC alarm with the same ATM connection
ID. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a Board.
2. If yes, clear the VP_LOC alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.
in the upstream SDH path.
2. If yes, clear the alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.
2. If yes, clear the LCD alarm to stop insertion of the AIS cells.

1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VP_AIS alarm. For details, refer to 7.17 Resetting
Boards.
2. If the VP_AIS alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End
Related Information

backward unidirectional connection. The same NE is for the reference of the forward and
backward connections.
End and segment
An end point refers to the termination point on the chain network and functions to monitor the
A segment point always refers to a segment on a link and the segment is monitored.
Segment end point
A segment end point is one segment end attribute. The segment end attributes include segment
point, end point, segment end point, and non-segment non-end-point.
l If the segment end attribute is set for an NE, the NE can capture alarms on the segment and
end point.
l If the segment point attribute is set for an NE, the NE can only capture the alarms on the
segment.
l If the end point attribute is set for an NE, the NE can only capture the alarms on the end
point.
l If the non-segment non-end-point attribute is set for an NE, the NE cannot capture any
alarm on the segment and end point.

8.3.160 VP_LOC
Description
The VP_LOC alarm indicates loss of connectivity check (CC) on the virtual channel (VP). When
the CC is enabled but no CC cells are received for more than 3.5s (0.5s), the VP_LOC alarm
is reported. When any CC cell is received, the VP_LOC alarm is cleared automatically.
Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l If the CC sink is enabled on the local NE but the local NE does not receive any CC cells,
the service connection, though not interrupted, is not loaded with any user service.
l In other cases, the service is interrupted when the VP_LOC alarm occurs.
l When the VP_LOC alarm occurs, the system automatically inserts AIS cells to the
downstream.
l The VP_LOC alarm will be suppressed when the VP_AIS alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VP_LOC alarm are as follows:

Procedure
1. On the U2000, check whether the CC Activate Flag on the local NE is set to Sink
activate or Source + sink activate. For details, refer to Setting the CC Activation
Status in the Feature Description manual.
2. If yes, modify the configuration of CC Activate Flag to Deactivate and check whether
For details, refer to the Configuration Guide manual.
in the upstream SDH path. For details, refer to 7.2 Querying Current Alarms of a
Board.
2. If yes, clear the alarm and check whether the VP_LOC alarm is cleared.
2. If yes, clear the LCD alarm and check whether the VP_LOC alarm is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VP_LOC alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. Replace the board that reports the VP_LOC alarm. For details, refer to 5 Replacing
Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.161 VP_RDI
Description
The VP_RDI is an alarm indicating that a fault occurs in the remote end of a virtual path (VP)
connection. When a forward or backward VP connection that is set with the segment and end
point attribute receives the RDI cells, the VP_RDI alarm is reported, showing that the
downstream services are abnormal.

Attribute
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning

l When the VP_RDI alarm occurs, it just shows that the services in the receive direction of
the downstream VP connection are abnormal. The AIS cells are received in a segment point
of the connection, and the RDI cells are returned to the upstream connection. The services
are not affected.
l If no VCRDI cell is received in a period of 2.5s (0.5s), the VP_RDI alarm is cleared
automatically.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the VP_RDI alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The VP_AIS alarm occurs in the receive direction of the downstream connection.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The VP_AIS alarm occurs in the receive direction of the downstream connection.
1. On the U2000, check whether the VP_AIS alarm is generated on the VP connection
which reports the VP_RDI alarm on the downstream NE. For details, refer to 7.2
2. If yes, clear the VP_AIS alarm on the downstream NE first and then check whether
the VP_RDI alarm on the local NE is cleared.
1. Cold-reset the board that reports the VP_RDI alarm. For details, refer to 7.17
Resetting Boards.
2. If the VP_RDI alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For details,
----End

Related Information

backward unidirectional connection. The direction of the forward and backward connections is
based on the same node.
End and segment
An end point refers to the termination point in the chain network, and it is used to monitor the
The segment point is, generally, used to monitor a segment of the whole link.
Segment and end point
This is one of the segment end attributes. The segment end attributes include: segment point,
end point, segment and end point, non segment and end point.
l If an NE is set with the segment end point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are
generated at segments and ends.
l If an NE is set with the segment point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are generated
at segments.
l If an NE is set with the end point attribute, it can capture the alarms that are generated at
ends.
l If an NE is set with the non segment end point attribute, it fails to capture the alarms that
are generated at segments and ends.
8.3.162 W_OFFLINE
Description
The W_OFFLINE alarm indicates that the ejector lever of a board is out of position. When the
ejector lever of a board is rotated to the open position, the W_OFFLINE alarm is reported.
Attribute
Parameters
table.

Name Meaning
Parameter 1 l 0x01: Indicates the upper ejector level is out of position.

l 0x02: Indicates the lower ejector level is out of position.

l When the W_OFFLINE alarm occurs, the NE is in high risk. The board is in poor contact
with the backplane, and it may cause certain severe faults. For example, the software
package loading cannot be performed.
l If the board is configured with 1+1 protection, this alarm triggers protection switching.
l The W_OFFLINE alarm will be suppressed when the BD_STATUS alarm occurs.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the W_OFFLINE alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The ejector lever of the board is rotated to the open position.
l Cause 2: The tact switches on the front panel are faulty.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The ejector lever of the board is rotated to the open position.
1. Check whether the ejector lever of the board is rotated to the open position.
2. If yes, rotate the ejector lever to the closed position.
l Cause 2: The tact switches on the front panel are faulty.
1. Reinsert the board that reports the W_OFFLINE alarm.
2. If the W_OFFLINE alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm. For
details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.163 WRG_BD_TYPE
Description
The WRG_BD_TYPE alarm indicates that the physical board is of a wrong type. When one
physical board and its logical board are not of the same type, the WRG_BD_TYP alarm is
reported.
Attribute

Parameters
None.

l When the WRG_BD_TYPE alarm occurs, the running services and system are not affected,
but no other service can be configured on the very board.
l The WRG_BD_TYPE alarm will be suppressed when the BD_STATUS alarm occurs.
l When the WRG_BD_TYPE alarm occurs, the system will suppress the other alarms.
Possible Causes
The possible causes of the WRG_BD_TYPE alarm are as follows:
l Cause 1: The physical board and its logical board configured on the U2000 are not of the
same type.
Procedure
l Cause 1: The physical board and its logical board configured on the U2000 are not of the
same type.
1. Check the engineering documents to see whether the logical board configured on the
U2000 is wrong or the physical board is wrong.
If the logical board configured on the U2000 is wrong, re-configure a correct logical
board on the U2000.
If the physical board is wrong, replace the physical board with a board of the correct
type. For details, refer to 5 Replacing Components.
1. Check whether the board software is matched with the board hardware. If not, reload
the board software or replace the board.
2. If the WRG_BD_TYPE alarm persists, replace the board that reports this alarm.
----End
Related Information
None.
8.3.164 XPIC_LOS
Description
The XPIC_LOS is an alarm indicating that the XPIC compensation signals are lost.

Attribute
Alarm Severity Alarm Type
Critical Equipment alarm
Parameters
table.
Name Meaning
Parameter 1 Indicates the ID of the IF port that reports the alarm. For example, 0x01 indicates
that the alarm is reported by IF port 1 on the related board.

Bit errors may occur in the service at the port, and the service may even be interrupted.
Possible Causes
l Cause 1: Configuration data is incorrect.
l Cause 2: The radio link is faulty.
l Cause 3: The XPIC cable is faulty.
l Cause 4: The IF board or ODU is faulty.
Procedure
Step 1 Cause 1: Configuration data is incorrect.
(1) Check whether the XPIC function needs to be enabled, and then perform a self-loop at the
XPIC port on the board by using the XPIC cable.
Step 2 Cause 2: The radio link is faulty.

(1) Check whether the paired board that is connected to the IFX2 board through the XPIC cable
reports the MW_LOF alarm. If yes, first clear the MW_LOF alarm.
Step 3 Cause 3: The XPIC cable is faulty.

(1) Check the connection of the XPIC cable.
If... Then...
The cable is improperly connected Connect the XPIC cable properly.
The cable is properly connected Go to the next step.
(2) Test the make and break of the XPIC cable by using the multimeter. If the XPIC cable is
damaged, replace it.

Step 4 Cause 4: The IF board or ODU is faulty.

Locate the fault by replacing the IF board or ODU.
(1) Replace the paired board of the IFX2 board.
The paired board of the IFX2 board refers to the other IFX2 board connected to the IFX2
board that reports the alarm through the XPIC cable.
If... Then...
The alarm is cleared after the board is End the alarm handling.
replaced

replaced
(2) Replace the ODU that is connected to the paired IFX2 board.
If... Then...
The alarm is cleared after the ODU is End the alarm handling.
replaced
The alarm persists after the ODU is Replace the IFX2 board that reports the
replaced alarm.
----End
Related Information
None.

Maintenance Guide 9 Performance Event
9 Performance Event
About This Chapter
This chapter describes basic concepts related to performance events and how to handle related
performance events of the equipment.
9.1 Basic Concepts Related to Performance Events
You can use the performance management function to find out the potential risks of the network
running and thus to minimize the network failure risks. Understand the basic concepts before
performing any operation to monitor the performance.
9.2 Performance Event List
This chapter describes all performance events supported by the OptiX RTN 950.
9.3 Performance Event Handling
This section describes performance events of the equipment in terms of the indication, attribute,
parameter, impact on system, probable cause, related alarm, handling procedure, and reference
information in the alphabetical order (A to Z).

9 Performance Event Maintenance Guide
9.1 Basic Concepts Related to Performance Events

You can use the performance management function to find out the potential risks of the network
running and thus to minimize the network failure risks. Understand the basic concepts before
performing any operation to monitor the performance.
9.1.1 Performance Reporting Flow
The performance reporting flow indicates the entire process from the detection of performance
events on the board to notification on the U2000. The performance reporting consists of the
performance monitoring enabling, performance automatic reporting, and over-threshold
performance event notification.
9.1.2 Performance Event Category
When the optical transport network is running normally, internal and external factors, such as
noise sources, dispersion, and fiber break, may affect the transmission quality in the forms of
bit error, jitter, drift, and delay. The influence is called transmission impairment. On the U2000,
the performance events reflect the transmission impairment.
9.1.3 Performance Threshold
The user can set the performance threshold to mask the performance events that vary within the
normal range. In this way, the user can focus on the performance events that are severely
degraded.
9.1.1 Performance Reporting Flow

The performance reporting flow indicates the entire process from the detection of performance
events on the board to notification on the U2000. The performance reporting consists of the
performance monitoring enabling, performance automatic reporting, and over-threshold
performance event notification.
Figure 9-1 shows the performance reporting flow.

Figure 9-1 Performance reporting flow
Whether to No
enable the performance End
monitoring?
Yes
The board collects the

performance data and saves the
result in the performance register
The performance data is saved

to the performance register on
the system control board
Does the Yes The abnormal performance

current performance cross
event is reported to the NM
the threshold?
No
Whether to
enable the automatic
reporting?
Yes
The performance data is No

reported to the NM and End
saved in the database
NOTE
For details on the specific operations at each phase of the performance reporting flow, see the iManager
U2000 Online Help.
Performance Monitoring
The board monitors the performance. By default, the performance monitoring function of a board
is enabled. For example, in the case of the 15-minute performance, the board detects a spare
performance register and clears the data in the register at the beginning of each period, and then
counts the performance events. At the end of a period, the statistics performance data is refreshed
and then stored in the register.
NOTE
The data in the performance register supports wrapped storage.

Automatic Reporting
If the automatic reporting function is enabled, the system control board automatically reports
the performance events to the U2000 at the end of each monitoring period.
NOTE
The performance data and NE management information are reported in the same DCC channel. In the case
of large-volume performance data, the network communication is affected. Hence, do not modify the
configuration of the performance monitoring, unless required. By default, you can enable the performance
monitoring in the entire network, but only need to set performance automatic reporting for the ports where
faults are likely to occur.
Performance Over-Threshold Reporting

If detecting performance over-threshold, the U2000 reports an abnormal event accordingly. The
performance over-threshold abnormal event is different from the ordinary abnormal event,
because the U2000 processes the former exceptionally and supports exclusive settings. In the
case of such an event, the U2000 displays a dialog box, reminding the user of the event.
9.1.2 Performance Event Category

When the optical transport network is running normally, internal and external factors, such as
noise sources, dispersion, and fiber break, may affect the transmission quality in the forms of
bit error, jitter, drift, and delay. The influence is called transmission impairment. On the U2000,
the performance events reflect the transmission impairment.
In the case of the OptiX RTN 950, there are SDH performance events and RMON performance
events.
l SDH performance events, which mainly indicate the state of equipment point justification
caused by the bit error and jitter.
l RMON performance events, which mainly indicate communication quality at the ports that
carry data services.
SDH Performance Event

The SDH performance events are classified into the following categories:
l Management layer performance event
l E1 performance event
RMON Performance Event

The RMON performance events are classified into the following categories:
l Ethernet performance event
l CES performance event
l L2VPN performance event
l ATMoPWE3 performance event
l ATM/IMA performance event
l Tunnel performance event
l PW performance event
l MP performance event

l PPP performance event
9.1.3 Performance Threshold

The user can set the performance threshold to mask the performance events that vary within the
normal range. In this way, the user can focus on the performance events that are severely
degraded.
Threshold, also called tolerance, indicates the extreme performance value for the transport
network to operate normally. The performance threshold is used to determine whether the
equipment is working normally. If a performance specification crosses the expected performance
threshold, this indicates a performance degrade trend. In this case, the user should highly regard
and handle the performance.
Normally, some margin should be reserved to set the performance threshold, and thus to find
out problems beforehand.
9.2 Performance Event List

This chapter describes all performance events supported by the OptiX RTN 950.
9.2.1 SL91CXPR Performance Event List
9.2.2 TND1IFE2 Performance Event List
9.2.3 SL91IFU2 Performance Event List
9.2.4 SL91IFX2 Performance Event List
9.2.5 SL91EM6T Performance Event List
9.2.6 SL91EM6F Performance Event List
9.2.7 TND1EF8T Performance Event List
9.2.8 TND1EF8F Performance Event List
9.2.9 TND1EG2 Performance Event List
9.2.10 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Performance Event List
9.2.11 TND1CD1 Performance Event List
9.2.12 TND1AUXQ Performance Event List
9.2.13 ODU Performance Event List
9.2.14 TND1PIU Performance Event List
9.2.15 TND1FAN Performance Event List

9.2.1 SL91CXPR Performance Event List

Table 9-1 SDH performance event list
Performance Event Description Type
BDTEMPCUR Current board temperature Management layer performance

event
BDTEMPMAX Maximum board
temperature
BDTEMPMIN Minimum board

temperature
CPUUSAGECUR Current CPU usage
CPUUSAGEMAX Maximum CPU usage
CPUUSAGEMIN Minimum CPU usage
MEMUSAGECUR Current memory usage
MEMUSAGEMAX Maximum memory usage
MEMUSAGEMIN Minimum memory usage
Table 9-2 RMON performance events
PW_RCVBYTES Count of bytes received on PW performance event

the PW
PW_RCVPKTS Count of packets received

on the PW
PW_SNDBYTES Count of bytes transmitted

on the PW
PW_SNDPKTS Count of packets

transmitted on the PW
TUNNEL_SNDBYTES Count of bytes transmitted Tunnel performance event

on the tunnel
TUNNEL_SNDPKTS Count of packets

transmitted on the tunnel
VUNI_RCVBYTES Count of bytes received at L2VPN performance event

V-UNI
VUNI_RCVPKTS Count of packets received

at V-UNI
VUNI_SNDBYTES Count of bytes transmitted

at V-UNI

VUNI_SNDPKTS Count of packets

transmitted at V-UNI
9.2.2 TND1IFE2 Performance Event List
Table 9-3 SDH Performance Events List
Performance Event Indication Performance Event Category

Name

events
temperature

temperature
Table 9-4 Microwave Performance Events List

Name
ACMDOWNCNT Count of the downshift of the AM performance events

AM scheme
ACMUPCNT Count of the upshift of the

AM scheme
IF_BBE Microwave link background Microwave link bit error

block errors performance events
IF_ES Microwave link errored

seconds
IF_SES Microwave link severely

errored seconds
IF_UAS Microwave link unavailable

seconds
IF_CSES Microwave link consecutive

severely errored seconds
FEC_BEF_COR_ER FEC bit error rate before FEC performance events

correction
FEC_UNCOR_BLOC Frame count uncorrect by

K_CNT FEC


Name
QPSKWS Working time of the QPSK AM performance events

mode
QAMWS16 Working time of the 16QAM

mode

mode

mode
QAMWS128 Working time of the

128QAM mode

256QAM mode
9.2.3 SL91IFU2 Performance Event List

Name

events
temperature

temperature

Name

AM scheme

AM scheme



Name

seconds

errored seconds

seconds


correction

K_CNT FEC

mode

mode

mode

mode

128QAM mode

256QAM mode
9.2.4 SL91IFX2 Performance Event List


Name

events
temperature

temperature


Name

AM scheme

AM scheme


seconds

errored seconds

seconds


correction

K_CNT FEC

mode

mode

mode

mode

128QAM mode

256QAM mode

9.2.5 SL91EM6T Performance Event List

Name

events
temperature

temperature
RXUNICAST Unicast Packets Received Ethernet performance event
TXUNICAST Unicast Packets

Transmitted
TXBRDCAST Broadcast Packets

Transmitted
RXPAUSE Pause Frames Received
TXPAUSE Pause Frames Transmitted
RXBGOOD Good Octets Received
TXBGOOD Good Octets Transmitted
RXBBAD Bad Octets Received
ETHLATECOL Late Collisions
ETHEXCCOL Excessive Collisions
TXDEFFRM Deferred Transmissions
RXGOODFULLFRAME- Good Full Frame Speed

SPEED Received
TXGOODFULLFRAME- Good Full Frame Speed

SPEED Transmitted
RXFULLBGOOD Good Full Frame Octets

Received
TXFULLBGOOD Good Full Frame Octets

Transmitted
ETHDROP Drop Events

RXOCTETS Bytes received
RXPKTS Packets received
ETHFCS Broadcast Packets

Received
RXBRDCAST Broadcast Packets

Received
RXMULCAST Multicast Packets

Received
TXMULCAST Multicast Packets

Transmitted
ETHUNDER Undersize Packets

Received
ETHOVER Oversize Packets

Received
ETHFRG Fragments
ETHJAB Jabbers
ETHCOL Collisions
9.2.6 SL91EM6F Performance Event List

event
temperature

temperature
RPLCUR Current value of laser Laser performance event

receive power
RPLMAX Maximum value of laser

receive power
RPLMIN Minimum value of laser

receive power
TPLCUR Current value of laser

transmit power

TPLMAX Maximum value of laser

transmit power
TPLMIN Minimum value of laser

transmit power

RXUNICAST Unicast Packets Received Ethernet performance event
TXUNICAST Unicast Packets

Transmitted
TXBRDCAST Broadcast Packets

Transmitted
RXPAUSE Pause Frames Received
TXPAUSE Pause Frames Transmitted
RXBGOOD Good Octets Received
TXBGOOD Good Octets Transmitted
RXBBAD Bad Octets Received
ETHLATECOL Late Collisions
ETHEXCCOL Excessive Collisions
TXDEFFRM Deferred Transmissions
RXGOODFULLFRAME- Good Full Frame Speed

SPEED Received
TXGOODFULLFRAME- Good Full Frame Speed

SPEED Transmitted
RXFULLBGOOD Good Full Frame Octets

Received
TXFULLBGOOD Good Full Frame Octets

Transmitted
ETHDROP Drop Events
RXOCTETS Bytes received
ETHFCS Broadcast Packets

Received

RXBRDCAST Broadcast Packets

Received
RXMULCAST Multicast Packets

Received
TXMULCAST Multicast Packets

Transmitted
ETHUNDER Undersize Packets

Received
ETHOVER Oversize Packets

Received
ETHFRG Fragments
ETHJAB Jabbers
ETHCOL Collisions
9.2.7 TND1EF8T Performance Event List


event
temperature

temperature

RXOCTETS Bytes received Ethernet performance event
TXOCTETS Bytes transmitted
TXPKTS Packets transmitted

9.2.8 TND1EF8F Performance Event List

event
temperature

temperature
OSPITMPCUR Current value of laser Laser performance event

temperature
OSPITMPMAX Maximum value of laser

temperature
OSPITMPMIN Minimum value of laser

temperature
RPLCUR Current value of laser

receive power

receive power

receive power
TLBCUR Current value of laser

transmit bias current
TLBMAX Maximum value of laser

TLBMIN Minimum value of laser


transmit power

transmit power

transmit power

9.2.9 TND1EG2 Performance Event List


event
temperature

temperature
OSPITMPCUR Current value of laser Laser performance event

temperature

temperature

temperature
RPLCUR Current value of laser

receive power

receive power

receive power
TLBCUR Current value of laser

TLBMAX Maximum value of laser

TLBMIN Minimum value of laser


transmit power

transmit power


transmit power

9.2.10 TND1ML1/TND1ML1A Performance Event List


event
temperature

temperature
E1_LCV_SDH Count of coding violations E1 performance event

at the E1 line side
E1_LES_SDH Count of coding violation

seconds at the E1 line side
E1_LLOSS_SDH Count of coding violation

loss-of-signal seconds at
the E1 line side
E1_LSES_SDH Count of coding violation

severely errored seconds at
the E1 line side


ATM_CELL_AVAILABILI- Availability of cells in ATM/IMA performance event

TY percentage
ATM_CORRECTED_HCSE Count of cells received

RR with correctable HCS
errors
ATM_IF_INRATE_AVG Average rate of normal

cells received by the port
ATM_IF_INRATE_MAX Maximum rate of normal

ATM_IF_INRATE_MIN Minimum rate of normal

ATM_IF_OUTRATE_AVG Average rate of normal

cells transmitted by the
port
ATM_IF_OUTRATE_MAX Maximum rate of normal

port
ATM_IF_OUTRATE_MIN Minimum rate of normal

port
ATM_RCVCELLS Count of total cells

received
ATM_RCVIDLECELLS Count of total idle cells

received
ATM_SNDCELLS Count of total cells

transmitted
ATM_UNCORRECTED_HC Count of cells received

SERR with uncorrectable HCS
errors
ATMPW_LOSPKTS Count of lost packets ATMoPWE3 performance

event
ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS Count of out-of-order
packets
ATMPW_RCVCELLS Count of cells received
ATMPW_SNDCELLS Count of cells transmitted
ATMPW_UNKNOWN- Count of unknown cells

CELLS

CES_JTROVR Count of jitter buffer CES performance event

overflow times
CES_JTRUDR Count of jitter buffer

underflow times
CES_LOSPKTS Count of lost packets
CES_MALPKTS Count of malformed

packets
CES_MISORDERPKTS Count of lost packets due

to the out-of-order
condition
CES_STRAYPKTS Count of misconnected

packets
MP_RX_BW_UTILIZA- MP bandwidth utilization MP performance event

TION in the receive direction
MP_RX_BYTES Count of received MP

bytes
MP_RX_ERRPKTS Count of received errored

MP packets
MP_RX_PKTS Count of received MP

service packets
MP_RX_TOTALPKTS Count of received total MP

packets
MP_TX_BW_UTILIZA- MP bandwidth utilization

TION in the transmit direction
MP_TX_BYTES Count of transmitted MP

bytes
MP_TX_PKTS Count of transmitted MP

service packets
MP_TX_TOTALPKTS Count of transmitted total

MP packets
PPP_RX_BW_UTILIZA- PPP bandwidth utilization PPP performance event

TION in the receive direction
PPP_RX_BYTES Count of received bytes
PPP_RX_FCSPKTS Count of received FCS

errors
PPP_RX_LOSPKTS Count of lost PPP packets

in the receive direction

PPP_RX_PKTS Count of received packets
PPP_TX_BW_UTILIZA- PPP bandwidth utilization

TION in the transmit direction
PPP_TX_BYTES Count of transmitted bytes
PPP_TX_LOSPKTS Count of lost PPP packets

in the transmit direction
PPP_TX_PKTS Count of transmitted

packets
9.2.11 TND1CD1 Performance Event List

AUPJCHIGH Count of positive AU pointer HP performance

justifications
AUPJCLOW Count of negative AU pointer

justifications
AUPJCNEW Count of new AU pointer

justifications
BDTEMPCUR Current board temperature Management layer

performance event
BDTEMPMAX Maximum board temperature
BDTEMPMIN Minimum board temperature
HPBBE Background block errors in the HP HP performance
HPES Errored seconds in the HP
HPSES Severely errored seconds in the HP
HPCSES Consecutive severely errored

seconds in the HP
HPUAS Unavailable seconds in the HP
HPFEBBE Far end background block errors in

the HP
HPFEES Far end errored seconds in the HP
HPFESES For end severely errored seconds in

the HP

HPFECSES Far end consecutive severely

errored seconds in the HP
HPFEUAS Far end unavailable seconds of the

HP
LPBBE Background block errors in the LP LP performance
LPES Errored seconds of the LP
LPSES Severely errored seconds of the LP
LPCSES Consecutive severely errored

seconds of the LP
LPUAS Unavailable seconds of the LP
LPFEBBE Far end background block errors in

the LP
LPFEES Far end errored seconds of the LP
LPFESES Far end severely errored seconds of

the LP
LPFECSES Far end consecutive severely

errored seconds of the LP
LPFEUAS Far end unavailable seconds of the

LP
MSBBE Background block errors in the MS MS performance
MSES Errored seconds of the MS
MSSES Severely errored seconds of the MS
MSCSES Consecutive severely errored

seconds of the MS
MSUAS Unavailable seconds of the MS
MSFEBBE Far end background block errors of

the MS
MSFEES Far end errored seconds of the MS
MSFESES Far end severely errored seconds of

the MS
MSFECSES Far end consecutive severely

errored seconds of the MS
MSFEUAS Far end unavailable seconds of the

MS
OSPITMPCUR Current value of laser temperature Laser performance event


temperature

temperature
RPLCUR Current value of laser receive

power
RPLMAX Maximum value of laser receive

power
RPLMIN Minimum value of laser receive

power
RSBBE Background block errors in the RS RS performance
RSCSES Consecutive severely errored

seconds of the RS
RSES Errored seconds of the RS
RSSES Severely errored seconds of the RS
RSUAS Unavailable seconds of the RS
TLBCUR Current value of laser transmit bias Laser performance event

current
TLBMAX Maximum value of laser transmit

bias current
TLBMIN Minimum value of laser transmit

bias current
TPLCUR Current value of laser transmit

power
TPLMAX Maximum value of laser transmit

power
TPLMIN Minimum value of laser transmit

power
TUPJCHIGH Count of positive TU pointer LP performance

justifications
TUPJCLOW Count of negative TU pointer

justifications


ATM_CELL_AVAILA- Availability of cells in percentage ATM/IMA performance

BILITY event
ATM_CORRECTED_HC Count of cells received with

SERR correctable HCS errors
ATM_IF_INRATE_AVG Average rate of normal cells

received by the port
ATM_IF_INRATE_MAX Maximum rate of normal cells

ATM_IF_INRATE_MIN Minimum rate of normal cells

ATM_IF_OUTRATE_AV Average rate of normal cells

G transmitted by the port
ATM_IF_OUTRATE_MA Maximum rate of normal cells

X transmitted by the port
ATM_IF_OUTRATE_MI Minimum rate of normal cells

N transmitted by the port
ATM_RCVCELLS Count of total cells received
ATM_RCVIDLECELLS Count of total idle cells received
ATM_SNDCELLS Count of total cells transmitted
ATM_UNCORRECTED_ Count of cells received with

HCSERR uncorrectable HCS errors
ATMPW_LOSPKTS Count of lost packets ATMoPWE3

performance event
ATMPW_MISOR- Count of out-of-order packets
DERPKTS
ATMPW_RCVCELLS Count of cells received
ATMPW_SNDCELLS Count of cells transmitted
ATMPW_UNKNOWN- Count of unknown cells

CELLS
CES_JTROVR Count of jitter buffer overflow CES performance event

times
CES_JTRUDR Count of jitter buffer underflow

times
CES_LOSPKTS Count of lost packets
CES_MALPKTS Count of malformed packets

CES_MISORDERPKTS Count of lost packets due to the out-

of-order condition
CES_STRAYPKTS Count of misconnected packets
MP_RX_BW_UTILIZA- MP bandwidth utilization in the MP performance event

TION receive direction
MP_RX_BYTES Count of received MP bytes
MP_RX_ERRPKTS Count of received errored MP

packets
MP_RX_PKTS Count of received MP service

packets
MP_RX_TOTALPKTS Count of received total MP packets
MP_TX_BW_UTILIZA- MP bandwidth utilization in the

TION transmit direction
MP_TX_BYTES Count of transmitted MP bytes
MP_TX_PKTS Count of transmitted MP service

packets
MP_TX_TOTALPKTS Count of total transmitted MP

packets
PPP_RX_BW_UTILIZA- PPP bandwidth utilization in the PPP performance event

TION receive direction
PPP_RX_BYTES Count of received bytes
PPP_RX_FCSPKTS Count of received FCS errors
PPP_RX_LOSPKTS Count of lost PPP packets in the

receive direction
PPP_RX_PKTS Count of received packets
PPP_TX_BW_UTILIZA- PPP bandwidth utilization in the

TION transmit direction
PPP_TX_BYTES Count of transmitted bytes
PPP_TX_LOSPKTS Count of lost PPP packets in the

transmit direction
PPP_TX_PKTS Count of transmitted packets

9.2.12 TND1AUXQ Performance Event List

performance event
9.2.13 ODU Performance Event List
Performance Event Indication Performance Event

Name Category

performance events

Name Category
TSL_AVG Average value of microwave Microwave power performance

transmit signal level events
TSL_MAX Maximum value of

microwave transmit signal
level


Name Category
TSL_MIN Minimum value of

microwave transmit signal
level
TSL_CUR Current value of microwave

transmit signal level
RSL_MAX Maximum value of

microwave receive signal
level
RSL_MIN Minimum value of

microwave receive signal
level
RSL_AVG Average value of microwave

receive signal level
RSL_CUR Current value of microwave

receive signal level
RLHTT Duration when the receive

power of the ODU is lower
than the upper threshold
RLLTT Duration when the receive

power of the ODU is lower
than the lower threshold
TLHTT Duration when the transmit

power of the ODU is higher
than the upper threshold
TLLTT Duration when the transmit

power of the ODU is higher
than the lower threshold
9.2.14 TND1PIU Performance Event List

None
9.2.15 TND1FAN Performance Event List

None
9.3 Performance Event Handling

This section describes performance events of the equipment in terms of the indication, attribute,
parameter, impact on system, probable cause, related alarm, handling procedure, and reference
information in the alphabetical order (A to Z).

9.3.1 ATM_CELL_AVAILABILITY
9.3.2 ATMPW_LOSPKTS
9.3.3 ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS
9.3.4 AUPJCHIGH
9.3.5 AUPJCLOW
9.3.6 AUPJCNEW
9.3.7 CES_JTROVR
9.3.8 CES_JTRUDR
9.3.9 E1_LCV_SDH
9.3.10 E1_LES_SDH
9.3.11 E1_LSES_SDH
9.3.12 HPBBE
9.3.13 HPCSES
9.3.14 HPES
9.3.15 HPFEBBE
9.3.16 HPFECSES
9.3.17 HPFEES
9.3.18 HPFESES
9.3.19 HPFEUAS
9.3.20 HPSES
9.3.21 HPUAS
9.3.22 LPBBE
9.3.23 LPCSES
9.3.24 LPES
9.3.25 LPFEBBE
9.3.26 LPFECSES
9.3.27 LPFEES
9.3.28 LPFESES
9.3.29 LPFEUAS
9.3.30 LPSES
9.3.31 LPUAS
9.3.32 MEMUSAGECUR
9.3.33 MEMUSAGEMAX

9.3.34 MEMUSAGEMIN
9.3.35 MSBBE
9.3.36 MSCSES
9.3.37 MSES
9.3.38 MSFEBBE
9.3.39 MSFECSES
9.3.40 MSFEES
9.3.41 MSFESES
9.3.42 MSFEUAS
9.3.43 MSSES
9.3.44 MSUAS
9.3.45 OSPITMPCUR
9.3.46 OSPITMPMAX
9.3.47 OSPITMPMIN
9.3.48 RPLCUR
9.3.49 RPLMAX
9.3.50 RPLMIN
9.3.51 RSBBE
9.3.52 RSCSES
9.3.53 RSES
9.3.54 RSOFS
9.3.55 RSSES
9.3.56 RSUAS
9.3.57 TLBCUR
9.3.58 TLBMAX
9.3.59 TLBMIN
9.3.60 TPLCUR
9.3.61 TPLMAX
9.3.62 TPLMIN
9.3.63 TUPJCHIGH
9.3.64 TUPJCLOW
9.3.65 ACMDOWNCNT and ACMUPCNT
9.3.66 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR

9.3.67 FEC_BEF_COR_ER, and FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT

9.3.68 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS
9.3.69 QPSKWS, QAMWS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64, QAMWS128, and QAMWS256
9.3.70 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, TLLTT
9.3.71 RSLMAX, RSLMIN and RSLCUR
9.3.72 TSLMAX, TSLMIN, and TSLCUR
9.3.1 ATM_CELL_AVAILABILITY
Description
The ATM_CELL_AVAILABILITY indicates the percentage that the available cells count.
Attribute
Performance Event ID Performance Event Type
0x0519 RMON performance event
Impact on System
None.
Generation Principle and Possible Causes

When the percentage of available cells is counted, the ATM_CELL_AVAILABILITY
performance event occurs.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.2 ATMPW_LOSPKTS
Description
The ATMPW_LOSPKTS indicates the count of lost packets of the ATM emulation service.

Attribute
Impact on System
None.

Determine the quality of the received services by calculating the number of lost packets of the
specified ATM emulation service. The possible causes of the ATMPW_LOSPKTS performance
event are as follows:
l A strong interference source exists near the equipment.
l The board at the transmit or receive end is faulty.
l The fan is faulty.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Locate and remove the interference source near the equipment, and then check whether the
performance event is cleared.
Step 2 Replace the faulty board, and then check whether the performance event is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.3 ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS
Description
The ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS indicates the count of disordered packets of the ATM
emulation service.
Attribute

Impact on System
None.

Determine the quality of the received services at the port by calculating the number of disordered
packets of the specified ATM emulation service. The possible causes of the
ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS performance event are as follows:
l A strong interference source exists near the equipment.
l The board at the transmit or receive end is faulty.
l The fan is faulty.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Locate and remove the interference source near the equipment, and then check whether the
performance event is cleared.
Step 2 Replace the faulty board, and then check whether the performance event is cleared.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.4 AUPJCHIGH
Description
The AUPJCHIGH indicates the count of the positive AU pointer justifications.
Attribute
Performance Performance Event Type
Event ID
0x2A SDH performance event
Impact on System
A minor pointer justification does not affect the service. In the case of any major pointer
justification, the service has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
performance event does not affect the system. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time
to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the signal transmission quality.


The root cause of the AU pointer justification is that the clocks of NEs in an SDH network are
not synchronous. The possible causes of the AUPJCHIGH performance event are as follows:
l External causes
The fibers are incorrectly connected. As a result, the clocks of the two NEs trace each
other.
If the NEs trace the external clock, check the quality of the external clock.
l Human factors
The configuration of the clock source is incorrect. There are two clock sources in one
network.
The tracing priority of the clock source is incorrectly configured. As a result, the clocks
of the two NEs trace each other.
l Equipment causes
The processing board is faulty. As a result, the clock is of poor quality.
The clock unit is faulty. As a result, the clock unit provides a clock source of poor
quality, or fails to lock the traced clock source.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Make sure the fibers are correctly connected. If the fibers are incorrectly connected, the service
is interrupted.
Step 2 If the NE traces the external clock, check the quality of the external clock.
Step 3 Ensure that the configuration is correct.
Step 4 Analyze the pointer justification performance events, and locate the faulty point by changing
the position of the clock source, and the clock tracing direction.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.5 AUPJCLOW
Description
The AUPJCLOW indicates the count of negative AU pointer justifications.

Attribute
Event ID
0x2B SDH performance event
Impact on System

not synchronous. The possible causes of the AUPJCLOW performance event are as follows:
l External causes
other.
l Human factors
network.
The configuration of the clock source tracing priority is incorrect. As a result, the clocks
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
is interrupted.
Step 2 If the NE traces the external clock, check the quality of the external clock.
----End

Related Information
None.
9.3.6 AUPJCNEW
Description
The AUPJCNEW indicates the count of new AU pointer justifications.
Attribute
Event ID
0x2C SDH performance event
Impact on System

not synchronous. The possible causes of the AUPJCNEW performance event are as follows:
l External causes
other.
l Human factors
network.
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
is interrupted.
Step 2 If the NE traces the external clock, check the quality of external clock.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.7 CES_JTROVR
Description
The CES_JTROVR indicates the count of jitter buffer overflow times.
Attribute
Impact on System
None.

When the packets in the buffer are full, if service packets are received, the buffer overflows. The
main causes of the CES_JTROVR performance event are as follows:
l The clock mode is incorrectly set, and thus the frequencies for transmitting and receiving
packets are inconsistent.
l During network congestion, burst packets may cause overflow of buffer.
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the clock modes of the NEs at the two ends are consistent. If the clock modes
are consistent and the clock source is the system clock, check whether the system clocks of the
NEs at the two ends are synchronized.
Step 2 Check whether the network traffic is congested. If yes, modify the parameters in the jitter buffer
of the CES PW.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.8 CES_JTRUDR
Description
The CES_JTRUDR indicates the count of jitter buffer underflow times.
Attribute
Impact on System
None.

The main causes of the CES_JTRUDR performance events are as follows:
l The clock mode is incorrectly set, and thus the frequencies for transmitting and receiving
packets are inconsistent.
l The network is faulty.
l The network is congested.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the clock modes of the NEs at the two ends are consistent. If the clock modes
are consistent and the clock source is the system clock, check whether the system clocks of the
NEs at the two ends are synchronized.

Step 2 The performance event of packet loss may cause underflow of buffer. Hence, check whether the
CES_LOSPKTS performance event is reported. If yes, see the procedure for handling the
CES_LOSPKTS performance event.
Step 3 If the CES_LOSPKTS performance event is reported, the chip may be abnormal. In this case,
replace the board.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.9 E1_LCV_SDH
Description
The E1_LCV_SDH indicates the count of coding violations at the E1 line side.
Attribute
0x0c SDH performance event
Impact on System
The service has bit errors. Find out the cause and handle the problem in a timely manner to avoid
the occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the signal transmission quality.

When the coding violations at the line side are counted, the E1_LCV_SDH performance event
occurs.
l External causes
The cable performance is degraded, and the cable has extremely high attenuation.
The cable connector is of an incorrect type.
The equipment is improperly grounded.
A strong interference source is present near the equipment.
The working temperature is extremely high or extremely low, and the equipment cannot
tolerate such temperature.
l Equipment causes
An incorrect service code is selected.
The board becomes faulty, or the performance of the board is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
Step 1 First eliminate external causes, such as poor grounding, extremely high operating temperature,
extremely low or extremely high received optical power of the processing board.
Step 2 Check whether the correct E1 service code is selected. If not, modify the code of the services
received by a board by setting the code type of the board.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.10 E1_LES_SDH
Description
The E1_LSES_SDH indicates the coding violation errored seconds at the E1 line side.
Attribute
0x0D SDH performance event
Impact on System

When the coding violation errored seconds at the E1 line side are counted, the E1_LSES_SDH
performance event occurs.
l External causes
l Equipment causes

Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the E1_LCV_SDH performance event.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.11 E1_LSES_SDH
Description
The E1_LSES_SDH indicates the coding violation severely errored seconds at the E1 line side.
Attribute
0x0E SDH performance event
Impact on System

When the coding violation severely errored seconds at the E1 line side are counted, the
E1_LSES_SDH performance event occurs.
l External causes
l Equipment causes
The board fails or the board performance is degraded.

Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the E1_LCV_SDH performance event.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.12 HPBBE
Description
The HPBBE indicates the background block errors in the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
0x30 SDH performance event
Impact on System
The higher order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the
higher order path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by the means of detecting the B3 byte. The
possible causes of the HPBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes
The fiber performance is degraded, and the fiber has extremely high attenuation.
The fiber connector is dirty, or of an incorrect type.
The heat dissipation of the equipment is poor, and the working temperature of the
equipment is extremely high.
l Equipment causes
Signals at the receive side of the processing board are heavily attenuated.

The transmit end or receive end is faulty.

The clock synchronization performance is degraded.
The fan becomes faulty.
Related Alarms
Alarm Name Correlation
B3_SD The alarm indicates that the higher order path B3 signals received over
the line are degraded.
B3_EXC B3 bit errors in the higher order path exceed the threshold.
Procedure
NOTE
If possible, perform loopback to locate the fault.
Step 2 Check bit errors of the processing boards. Locate and replace the faulty board.
----End
Related Information
Block Error
The block error refers to a data block within which at least one bit error occurs when the block
is transmitted.
9.3.13 HPCSES
Description
The HPCSES indicates the consecutive severely errored seconds in the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The higher order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, the system
is not affected. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any
alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the higher order path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by means of detecting the B3 byte.
The possible causes of the HPCSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
B3_EXC The alarm indicates that the number of B3 bit errors crosses the
threshold.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the HPBBE performance event.
----End
Reference
Severely Errored Second
The severely errored second (SES) refers to a one-second period that contains more than 30%
errored blocks or at least one severely disturbed period (SDP).
Consecutive Severely Errored Second

The consecutive severely errored second (CSES) occurs in the case of X consecutive SES
sequences. In the case of the unavailable time or absence of the SES performance event in one
second, the CSES sequence ends. X ranges from 2 to 9, and defaults to 4.
9.3.14 HPES
Description
The HPES indicates the errored seconds in the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The higher order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
higher order path.

The possible causes of the HPES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Signals at the receiving side of the processing board are heavily attenuated.

Related Alarms
threshold.
Procedure
----End
Reference
Errored Second
The errored second (ES) indicates a one-second period that contains one or more errored blocks.
9.3.15 HPFEBBE
Description
The HPFEBBE Indicates the far end background block error in the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The far end of the higher path has a few bit errors. If not related alarms are generated in this
case, this performance event does not affect the system. Find out the cause and handle the
problem in time to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of
signals in the higher order path.

The HPFEBBE equals to the number of HPBBEs returned by the G1 byte minus the number of
HPBBEs that occur during the HPUAS period and HPSES period.
The possible causes of the HPFEBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes

The fiber connector of the opposite equipment is dirty, or of an incorrect type.
The opposite equipment is improperly grounded.
A strong interference source is present near the opposite equipment.
The heat dissipation of the opposite equipment is poor, and the working temperature of
the equipment is extremely high.
l Equipment causes
Signals at the receive side of the processing board of the opposite equipment are heavily
attenuated.
The clock synchronization performance of the opposite equipment is degraded.
The fan of the opposite equipment becomes faulty.
The board of the opposite equipment becomes faulty or the performance of the board
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.16 HPFECSES
Description
The HPFECSES indicates the far end consecutive severely errored second of the higher order
path.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The far end of the higher order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, the system
is not affected. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any
alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the higher order path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by means of detecting the G1 byte. When the
G1 byte detects the consecutive HPSES sequence, the HPFECSES performance event occurs.
In the case of the unavailable time or absence of the HPFESES performance event for one second,
the consecutive HPSES sequence ends. The B3_EXC alarm always accompanies the consecutive
severely errored seconds. In this case, the service may be interrupted.
The possible causes of the HPFECSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Signals at the receiving side of the processing board of the opposite equipment are
heavily attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information

Far End Bit Error
The far end bit error indicates that the bit error is detected at the opposite station.
9.3.17 HPFEES
Description
The HPFEES indicates the far end errored second of the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The higher order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, this performance
event does not affect the system. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid
occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the higher order
path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by means of detecting the G1 byte.
The possible causes of the HPFEES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
heavily attenuated.

is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Far End Errored Second
The far end errored second (FEES) indicates the errored second detected at the opposite station.
9.3.18 HPFESES
Description
The HPFESES indicates that the far end severely errored second of the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The higher order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
higher order path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by means of detecting the G1 byte. The
possible causes of the HPFESES performance event are as follows:
l External causes

l Equipment causes
heavily attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.19 HPFEUAS
Description
The HPFEUAS indicates the far end unavailable seconds of the higher order path.
Attribute
76 SDH performance event
Impact on System
The service of the far end NE has bit errors. Find out the cause and handle the problem in a
timely manner to avoid the occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the signal transmission
quality.

The HPFEUAS refers to the lasting period of the unavailable time (UAT) state.

l External causes
The fiber performance is degraded, and the fiber has extremely high attenuation at the
opposite equipment.
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the HPFEES performance event.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.20 HPSES
Description
The HPSES indicates the severely errored seconds in the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The higher order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, this performance event
does not affect the system. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence
of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the higher order path.

The possible causes of the HPSES performance event are as follows.
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information

9.3.21 HPUAS
Description
The HPUAS indicates the unavailable second of the higher order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The higher order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
higher order path.

The bit errors in the higher order path are detected by means of detecting the B3 byte. If the
HPSES lasts for at least 10 seconds, the HPUAS starts from the eleventh second, and also covers
the 10-second HPSES. If the HPSES does not occur within at least 10 seconds, the HPUSA ends
from the eleventh second, and does not cover the 10-second HPSES. The possible causes of the
HPUAS performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
The switching equipment connected to the transmission equipment becomes faulty.
The signal cable is faulty.

Related Alarms
B3_EXC The alarm indicates that the number of B3 bit errors crosses the threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.22 LPBBE
Description
The LPBBE indicates the background block error in the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The lower order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
lower order path.

The LPBBE refers to the number of block errors detected by the first two bits of the V5 byte
minus the number of block errors that occur during the unavailable time and LPSES. The possible
causes of the LPBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes

The cable connector is dirty, or of an incorrect type.
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
BIP_SD The alarm indicates the BIP signals are degraded.
BIP_EXC The alarm indicates that the number of BIP bit errors crosses the
threshold.
Procedure
extremely low or extremely high the received optical power of the line board.
Step 2 Observe the bit errors of the processing board. If a processing board reports bit errors, the cause
may lies in the processing board of the local equipment, or in the opposite equipment.
Step 3 Locate and replace the faulty board.
NOTE
If possible, perform loopback to locate the fault.
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.23 LPCSES
Description
The LPCSES indicates the consecutive severely errored seconds of the lower order path.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The lower order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
lower order path. The possible causes of the LPCSES performance event are as follows:

The bit errors in the lower order path are detected by means of detecting the first two bits of the
V5 byte. If the consecutive LPSES sequence is detected, the LPCSES performance event occurs.
In the case of the unavailable time or absence of the LPSES performance event, the LPCSES
sequence ends. The possible causes of the LPCSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
threshold.

Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the LPBBE performance event.
----End
Related Information
9.3.24 LPES
Description
The LPES indicates the errored seconds of the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The lower order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
lower order path.

V5 byte.
The possible causes of the LPES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
The cable connector is dirty, or of an incorrect type.

l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Errored Second
Lower Order Path Errored Second
The lower order path errored second refers to a one-second period when the first two bits of the
V5 byte detects at least one block errors.
9.3.25 LPFEBBE
Description
The LPFEBBE Indicates the far end background block error in the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The far end of the lower order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this
signals in the lower order path.

The LPFEBBE equals to the number of LPBBEs returned by the third bit of the V5 byte minus
the number of LPBBEs that occur during the LPUAS period and LPSES period. The possible
causes of the LPBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.26 LPFECSES

Description
The LPFECSES indicates the far end consecutive severely errored seconds of the lower order
path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
lower order path.

The bit errors in the lower order path are detected by means of detecting the third bit of the V5
byte. When the third bit of the V5 byte detects the consecutive LPSES sequence, the LPFECSES
performance event occurs. In the case of the unavailable time or absence of the LPFESES
performance event for one second, the consecutive LPSES sequence ends. The possible causes
of the LPFECSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
----End
Related Information
Severely errored second (SES) refers to a one-second period that contains more than 30% errored
blocks or at least one severely disturbed period (SDP).
Far End Bit Error
9.3.27 LPFEES
Description
The LPFEES indicates the far end errored second of the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID

The lower order path has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, the system is not
affected. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any alarm,
which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the lower order path.

byte. If the third bit of the V5 byte returns at least one bit errors in a one-second period, this
second is an LPFEES. The possible causes of the LPFEES performance event are as follows:
l External causes


l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.28 LPFESES
Description
The LPFESES indicates the far end severely errored seconds of the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
lower order path.


byte. If a one-second period contains more than 30% errored blocks or at least one severely
disturbed period (SDP), this second is an LPFESES. The possible causes of the LPFESES
performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
errored blocks or at least one SDP.
9.3.29 LPFEUAS
Description
The LPFEUAS indicates the far end unavailable second of the lower order path.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
lower order path.

byte. If the LPSES lasts for at least 10 seconds, the LPUAS starts from the eleventh second, and
also covers the 10-second LPSES. If the LPSES does not occur within at least 10 seconds, the
LPUSA ends from the eleventh second, and does not cover the 10-second LPSES. The possible
causes of the LPFEUSA performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End

Related Information
9.3.30 LPSES
Description
The LPSES indicates the severely errored second of the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
lower order path.

V5 byte. If the first two bits of the V5 byte detects that a one-second period contains more than
30% errored blocks or at least one severely disturbed period (SDP), this second is an LPSES.
The possible causes of the LPSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes

Related Alarms
threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.31 LPUAS
Description
The LPUAS indicates the unavailable second of the lower order path.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The lower order path has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, the system is not affected.
Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may
affect the transmission quality of signals in the lower order path.

V5 byte. If the LPSES lasts for at least 10 seconds, the LPUAS starts from the eleventh second,
and also covers the 10-second LPSES. If the LPSES does not occur within at least 10 seconds,
the LPUSA ends from the eleventh second, and does not cover the 10-second LPSES. The
possible causes of the LPUAS performance event are as follows:

l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.32 MEMUSAGECUR
Description
The MEMUSAGECUR performance event indicates the current memory usage ratio.
Attribute
0x3A4C SDH performance event

Impact on System
None

The MEMUSAGECUR performance event is generated to indicate the current memory usage
ratio.
Related Alarms
None
Procedure
None
Related Information
None
9.3.33 MEMUSAGEMAX
Description
The MEMUSAGEMAX performance event indicates the maximum memory usage ratio.
Attribute
0x3A4A SDH performance event
Impact on System
None

The MEMUSAGEMAX performance event is generated when the memory usage ratio reaches
the maximum value.
Related Alarms
None

Procedure
None
Related Information
None
9.3.34 MEMUSAGEMIN
Description
The MEMUSAGEMIN performance event indicates the minimum memory usage ratio.
Attribute
0x3A4B SDH performance event
Impact on System
None

The MEMUSAGEMIN performance event is reported when the memory usage ratio reaches the
minimum value.
Related Alarms
None
Procedure
None
Related Information
None
9.3.35 MSBBE
Description
The MSBBE indicates the background block error in the MS.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The MS has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this performance
occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the MS.

The bit errors in the MS are detected by means of detecting the B2 byte. The MSBBE equals to
the number of BBEs returned by the B2 byte minus the number of BBEs that occur during the
MSUAS period and MSSES period. The possible causes of the MSBBE performance event are
as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
B2_SD The alarm indicates that the MS B2 signals received over the line are
degraded.
threshold.

Procedure
Step 2 Observe the bit error on the processing board, and then locate the faulty board. Thus, replace
the faulty board to solve the problem.
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.36 MSCSES
Description
The MSCSES indicates the consecutive severely errored seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System

The bit errors in the MS are detected by means of detecting the B2 byte. If the consecutive
MSSES sequence is detected, the MSCSES performance event occurs. In the case of the
unavailable time or absence of the MSCSES performance event, the MSCSES sequence ends.
The B2_EXC alarm always accompanies the consecutive severely errored seconds. In this case,
the service may be interrupted. The possible causes of the MSCSES performance event are as
follows:
l External causes

l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
degraded.
B2_EXC The alarm indicates that the B2 bit errors cross the threshold.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the MSBBE performance event.
----End
Related Information
9.3.37 MSES
Description
The MSES indicates the errored seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System

The bit errors in the MS are detected by means of detecting the B2 byte. If the B2 byte returns
at least one bit error in a one-second period, this second is an MSES. The possible causes of the
MSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
B2_SD The alarm indicates that the MS B2 signals received over the
line are degraded.
B2_EXC The alarm indicates that the number of B2 bit errors crosses
the threshold.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Errored Second

9.3.38 MSFEBBE
Description
The MSFEBBE indicates the far end background block error of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The far end of the MS has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
MS.

The MSFEBBE equals to the number of MSBBEs returned by the M1 byte minus the number
of MSBBEs that occur during the MSUAS period and MSSES period. The possible causes of
the MSFEBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.39 MSFECSES
Description
The MSFECSES indicates the far end consecutive severely errored seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The far end of the MS has a large number of bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this
signals in the MS.

The bit errors in the far end of the MS are detected by means of detecting the M1 byte. When
the M1 byte detects the consecutive MSFESES sequence, the MSFECSES performance event
occurs. In the case of the unavailable time or absence of the MSFECSES performance event for
one second, the MSFECSES sequence ends. The possible causes of the MSFECSES performance
event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes

attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
Far End Bit Error
9.3.40 MSFEES
Description
The MSFEES indicates the far end errored seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID

The far end of the MS has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this

MS.

The bit errors in the far end of the MS are detected by means of detecting the M1 byte. If the
M1 byte returns at least one bit error in a one-second period, this second is an MSFEES. The
possible causes of the MSFEES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.41 MSFESES
Description
The MSFESES indicates the far end severely errored seconds of the MS.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The far end of the MS has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this
MS.

The bit errors in the far end of the MS are detected by means of detecting the M1 byte. The
possible causes of the MSFESES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
----End
Related Information

9.3.42 MSFEUAS
Description
The MSFEUAS indicates the MS far end unavailable seconds.
Attribute
Impact on System
The services of the remote NE have bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case,
this performance event does not affect the system. Find out the cause and handle the problem in
time to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals.

The MSFEUAS refers to the lasting period of the unavailable time (UAT) state.
l External causes
On the opposite equipment, the fiber performance is degraded, and the fiber has
extremely high attenuation.
On the opposite equipment, the fiber connector is dirty or incorrect.
The working temperature is extremely high or extremely low, and the opposite
equipment cannot tolerate such temperature.
l Equipment causes
attenuated.
is degraded.
Related Alarms
None.

Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the MSFEES performance event.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.43 MSSES
Description
The MSSES indicates the severely errored seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The MS has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this performance event
of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the MS.

The bit errors in the MS are detected by means of detecting the B2 byte.
The possible causes of the MSSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes

Related Alarms
degraded.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.44 MSUAS
Description
The MSUAS indicates the unavailable seconds of the MS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The MS has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this performance event
of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the MS.

The bit errors in the MS are detected by means of detecting the B2 byte. If the MSSES lasts for
at least 10 seconds, the MSUAS starts from the eleventh second, and also covers the 10-second
MSSES. If the MSSES does not occur within at least 10 seconds, the MSUSA ends from the
eleventh second, and does not cover the 10-second MSSES. The possible causes of the MSUAS

l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.45 OSPITMPCUR
Description
The OSPITMPCUR indicates the current value of the temperature of the laser core.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The OSPITMPCUR performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the
temperature of the laser core is excessively high or low, however, the laser cannot work normally,
and then the services may be interrupted. If the temperature is within the normal range, this
performance event need not be handled.

The OSPITMPCUR performance event is used to monitor the temperature of the laser core. This
is a physical performance, which exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
TEM_HA The alarm occurs when the laser temperature crosses the
upper threshold.
TEM_LA The alarm occurs when the laser temperature crosses the
lower threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.46 OSPITMPMAX
Description
The OSPITMPMAX indicates the maximum temperature of the laser core.

Attribute
Event ID
0x6C SDH performance event
Impact on System
The OSPITMPMAX performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the
temperature of the laser core is excessively high, however, the laser cannot work normally. If
the temperature is within the normal range, this performance event need not be handled.

The OSPITMPMAX performance event is used to monitor the maximum temperature of the
laser core during the current period. This is a physical performance, which exists when the laser
is in service.
Related Alarms
upper threshold.
lower threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.47 OSPITMPMIN
Description
The OSPITMPMIN indicates the minimum temperature of the laser core.

Attribute
Event ID
0x6D SDH performance event
Impact on System
The OSPITMPMIN performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the
temperature of the laser core is excessively low, however, the laser cannot work normally. If the
temperature is within the normal range, this performance event need not be handled.

The OSPITMPMIN performance event is used to monitor the minimum temperature of the laser
core during the current period. This is a physical performance, which exists when the laser is in
service.
Related Alarms
upper threshold.
lower threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.48 RPLCUR
Description
The RPLCUR indicates the current input optical power.

Attribute
Event ID
0x6B SDH performance event
Impact on System
The RPLCUR performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the input optical
power is excessively high, however, the laser is damaged. If the input optical power is
excessively low, the laser cannot normally detect signals. The normal range of the input optical
power can be determined by querying the specifications of the corresponding optical interface.

The RPLCUR performance event exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
IN_PWR_ABN The alarm occurs when the input optical power is beyond the
normal range.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.49 RPLMAX
Description
The RPLMAX indicates the maximum input optical power.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The RPLMAX performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the input optical
power is excessively high, however, the laser is damaged.

The RPLMAX performance event exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
normal range.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.50 RPLMIN
Description
The RPLMIN indicates the minimum input optical power.
Attribute
Event ID
0x6A SDH performance event
Impact on System
The RPLMIN performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the laser
temperature is excessively low, however, the laser cannot normally detect signals.

The RPLMIN performance event exists when the laser is in service.

Related Alarms
normal range.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.51 RSBBE
Description
The RSBBE indicates the background block error in the RS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The line RS has a few bit errors. If no related alarms are generated in this case, this performance
occurrence of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals in the line RS.

The RSBBE equals to the number of RSBBEs returned by the B1 byte minus the number of
RSBBEs that occur during the RSUAS period and RSSES period. The possible causes of the
RSBBE performance event are as follows:
l External causes

l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
B1_SD The alarm indicates that the MS B1 signals received over the line
are degraded.
Procedure
Step 2 Observe the bit error on the processing board. If a processing board reports that bit errors exist,
the local processing board may be faulty or the opposite equipment or fibers may be faulty.
Step 3 Analyze the bit error performance events on the line board. Remove the line bit errors.
----End
Related Information
Block Error
is transmitted.
9.3.52 RSCSES
Description
The RSCSES indicates the consecutive severely errored seconds of the RS.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System

The bit errors in the RS are detected by means of detecting the B1 byte. If the consecutive RSSES
sequence is detected, the RSCSES performance event occurs. In the case of the unavailable time
or absence of the RSSES performance event, the RSCSES sequence ends. The B1_EXC alarm
always accompanies the consecutive severely errored seconds. In this case, the service may be
interrupted. The possible causes of the RSCSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
degraded.
Procedure
----End
Related Information

9.3.53 RSES
Description
The RSES indicates the errored seconds of the RS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System

The bit errors in the RS are detected by means of detecting the B1 byte. If the B1 byte returns
at least one bit error in a one-second period, this second is an RSES. The possible causes of the
RSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes

Related Alarms
degraded.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the RSBBE performance event.
----End
Related Information
Errored Second
9.3.54 RSOFS
Description
The RSOFS indicates the out-of-frame seconds of the RS.
Attribute
Impact on System
When the RSOFS performance event occurs, the framing bytes are lost, and then the services
are interrupted.

The out-of-frame refers to the loss of framing bytes A1 and A2. The out-of-frame second contains
at least one out-of-frame second. The out-of-frame turns to be loss-of-frame if it lasts for more
than 3 ms. The possible causes of the RSOFS performance event are as follows:
l External causes


l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
R_OOF The alarm indicates that the received signals are out-of-frame.
R_LOF The alarm indicates that the received signals are loss-of-frame.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.55 RSSES
Description
The RSSES indicates the severely errored seconds of the RS.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The line RS has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, the system is not affected. Find
out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect
the transmission quality of signals in the line RS.


The bit errors in the RS are detected by means of detecting the B1 byte. The possible causes of
the RSSES performance event are as follows:
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
degraded.
Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.56 RSUAS
Description
The RSUAS indicates the unavailable seconds of the RS.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The line RS has bit errors. If no related alarms are generated, the system is not affected. Find
out the cause and handle the problem in time to avoid occurrence of any alarm, which may affect
the transmission quality of signals in the line RS.

The bit errors in the RS are detected by means of detecting the B1 byte. If the RSSES lasts for
at least 10 seconds, the RSUAS starts from the eleventh second, and also covers the 10-second
RSSES. If the RSSES does not occur within at least 10 seconds, the RSUSA ends from the
eleventh second, and does not cover the 10-second RSSES. The possible causes of the RSUAS
l External causes
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
degraded.

Procedure
----End
Related Information
9.3.57 TLBCUR
Description
The TLBCUR indicates the bias current transmitted by the laser.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The TLBCUR performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the bias current
of the laser crosses the threshold, however, the transmission of the laser fails, or the life of the
laser comes to an end. Then, the services may be interrupted. If the bias current is within the
normal range, this performance event need not be handled.

The TLBCUR performance event is used to monitor the current bias current of the laser. The
TLBCUR performance event exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
LSR_WILL_DIE The alarm, indicating that the life of the laser comes to an end,
occurs when the current bias current transmitted by the laser
severely crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.

Related Information
None.
9.3.58 TLBMAX
Description
The TLBMAX indicates the maximum bias current transmitted by the laser.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The TLBMAX performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the bias current
of the laser crosses the threshold, however, the transmission of the laser fails, or the life of the
laser comes to an end. Then, the services may be interrupted. If the bias current is within the

The TLBMAX performance event is used to monitor the maximum bias current of the laser in
the current period and to keep a record of the maximum history bias current of the laser. This is
a physical performance, which exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
LSR_WILL_DIE The alarm, indicating that the life of the laser comes to an end,
occurs when the current bias current transmitted by the laser
severely crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.59 TLBMIN

Description
The TLBMIN indicates the minimum bias current transmitted by the laser.
Attribute
Impact on System
The TLBMIN performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the bias current
of the laser crosses the threshold, however, the transmission of the laser is invalid, or the life of
the laser comes to an end. Then, the services may be interrupted. If the bias current is within the

The TLBMIN performance event is used to monitor the minimum bias current of the laser in
the current period and to keep a record of the minimum history bias current of the laser. This is
a physical performance, which exists when the laser is in service.
Related Alarms
LSR_WILL_DIE The alarm, indicating that the life of the laser comes to an
end, occurs when the current bias current transmitted by the
laser severely crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.60 TPLCUR
Description
The TPLCUR indicates the current optical power launched by the laser.

Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The TPLCUR performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the launched
optical power of the laser crosses the threshold, however, the transmission of the laser is invalid,
or the life of the laser comes to an end. Then, the services may be interrupted. If the launched
optical power is within the normal range, this performance event need not be handled.

The TPLCUR performance event is used to monitor the current optical power launched by the
laser.
Related Alarms
end, occurs when the launched optical power severely
crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.61 TPLMAX
Description
The TPLMAX indicates the maximum optical power launched by the laser.
Attribute
Event ID

Impact on System
The TPLMAX performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the launched

The TPLMAX performance event is used to monitor the maximum optical power launched by
the laser in the current period and to keep a record of the maximum history optical power
launched by the laser.
Related Alarms
end, occurs when the launched optical power severely
crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.62 TPLMIN
Description
The TPLMIN indicates the minimum optical power launched by the laser.
Attribute
Event ID
Impact on System
The TPLMIN performance event does not affect the equipment and system. If the launched


The TPLMIN performance event is used to monitor the minimum optical power launched by
the laser in the current period and to keep a record of the minimum history optical power launched
by the laser.
Related Alarms
LSR_WILL_DIE The alarm, indicating that the life of the laser comes to an end, occurs
when the launched optical power severely crosses the threshold.
Procedure
None.
Related Information
None.
9.3.63 TUPJCHIGH
Description
The TUPJCHIGH indicates the count of positive TU pointer justifications.
Attribute
0xAA SDH performance event
Impact on System
A minor pointer justification does not affect the services. In the case of any major pointer
justification, the services have bit errors. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time to
avoid occurrence of any alarm, which affects the transmission quality of signals.

l External causes
other.
l Human factors

network.
l Equipment causes
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether fibers are incorrectly connected. If yes, the services are interrupted.
Step 2 If the NE traces the external clock, check the quality of external clock.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.64 TUPJCLOW
Description
The TUPJCLOW indicates the count of negative TU pointer justifications.
Attribute
0xAB SDH performance event
Impact on System
A small number of pointer justifications do not affect the services, but a large number of pointer
justifications cause bit errors in the services. Find out the cause and handle the problem in time
to avoid generation of any alarm, which may affect the transmission quality of signals.


l External causes
other.
l Human factors
network.
l Equipment causes
The line board is faulty. As a result, the clock is of poor quality.
Related Alarms
None.
Procedure
Step 1 Refer to the method of handling the TUPJCHIGH performance event.
----End
Related Information
None.
9.3.65 ACMDOWNCNT and ACMUPCNT
Description
l The ACMDOWNCNT indicates count of the downshift of the AM scheme.
l The ACMUPCNT indicates count of the upshift of the AM scheme.
Attribute
Attribute Description
Basic unit of a performance event ACMDCNT, ACMUCNT
Unit -
Impact on System
None.

Related Alarms
None.
9.3.66 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR
Performance Event Meaning

l BDTEMPMAX stands for "Maximum board temperature".
l BDTEMPMIN stands for "Minimum board temperature".
l BDTEMPCUR stands for "Current board temperature".
Performance Event Attribute

Performance Event Attribute Description
Performance event cell None
Unit 0.1C

Excessively high or low board temperature might cause faults such as degradation of the board
working performance and bit errors.
Relevant Alarm
If the board temperature crosses the threshold, the TEMP_ALARM alarm occurs.
9.3.67 FEC_BEF_COR_ER, and FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT

l FEC_BEF_COR_ER stands for "FEC bit error rate before correcting the errors".
This event indicates the impact of the external environment on the transmission.
l FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT stands for the number of frames that cannot be corrected by
FEC.This event reflects the number of bit errors after the errors are corrected by FEC.

Performance event cell FECBEFCORER (FEC_BEF_COR_ER),

FECUNCORBLOCKCNT
(FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT)
Unit None (FEC_BEF_COR_ER)

Byte (FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT)


If the FEC_BEF_COR_ER is too high, there will be residual bit errors in services after the FEC.
If the FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT is not zero, it indicates that uncorrectable bit errors exist
in microwave links, and bit errors exist in services.
Relevant Alarms
If any byte cannot be troubleshooted, the MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm occurs.
9.3.68 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS
Meanings of Performance Events

l IF_BBE stands for "microwave link background block errors".
Background block error (BBE) is an errored block occurred outside the period of UAT and
SES.
l IF_ES stands for "microwave link errored seconds".
An errored second (ES) is a specific second with one or more errored blocks detected.
l IF_SES stands for "microwave link severely errored seconds".
A severely errored second (SES) is a specific second with not less than 30% errored blocks
or at least one serious disturbance period (SDP) detected. The SDP is a period when signal
loss is detected or the error ratios of all the consecutive blocks are greater than or equal to
10-2 in at least four consecutive blocks or 1 ms (taking the longer one).
l IF_CSES stands for "microwave link consecutive severely errored seconds".
Consecutive severely errored second (CSES) is a second when consecutive SES events
arise but last less than 10 seconds.
l IF_UAS stands for "microwave link unavailable second".
An unavailable second (UAS) is counted from the first second of ten SESs, which are
considered to be part of the unavailable time. A new available second period starts from
the first second of ten consecutive non-SESs, which are considered to be part of the available
time.
Attributes of Performance Events

Attributes of Performance Events Description
Performance event cell IFCNT
Unit Block (IFBBE)

Second (IFES, IFSES, IFCSES, and IFUAS)

A small number of bit errors do not affect the service. Too many bit errors, however, may
interrupt the service. Generally, the BER should be less than 10-3 for voice service and less than
10-6for data service.

Relevant Alarms
When the BER crosses the specific threshold, the IFE2 board reports the MW_BER_SD or
MW_BER_EXC alarm.
Probable Causes
The system detects microwave link bit errors by using the bit error detection overheads.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether the MW_FEC_UNCOR and RPS_INDI alarms are generated.
If ... Then ...

Yes, See Troubleshooting Microwave Links.
No, Replace the IF Board.
----End
9.3.69 QPSKWS, QAMWS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64,

QAMWS128, and QAMWS256
Description
l QPSKWS: Indicates the working time of the QPSK mode.
l QAMWS16: Indicates the working time of the 16QAM mode.
Performance Event Attributes

Basic unit of a performance event QPSKWSSECOND (QPSKWS)

QAMWS16SECOND (QAMWS16)
Unit Second
Impact on System
When the AM function is not enabled, the performance event does not affect the system.

When the AM function is enabled, normally, the seconds of the modulation mode for ensuring
capacity make up a larger percentage. In the duration set for good weather, the seconds of the
low modulation mode make up a larger percentage. The performance of the microwave link is
abnormal.
Relevant Alarms
None.
9.3.70 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, TLLTT
Description
l The RLHTT indicates the duration when the ODU at the local end has a receive power
lower than the upper threshold.
l The RLLTT indicates the duration when the ODU at the local end has a receive power
lower than the lower threshold.
l The TLHTT indicates the duration when the ODU at the local end has a transit power lower
than the upper threshold.
l The TLLTT indicates the duration when the ODU at the local end has a transit power lower
than the lower threshold.
Attribute
Attribute Description
Basic unit of a performance event RLHTS, RLLTS, TLHTS, and TLLTS
Unit Second
Impact on System
None.
Related Alarms
None.
9.3.71 RSLMAX, RSLMIN and RSLCUR

l RSLMAX stands for "Maximum value of microwave receive signal level".
l RSLMIN stands for "Maximum value of microwave receive signal level".
l RSLCUR "Current value of microwave receive power".


Performance event cell RSL
Unit 0.1 dBm

When the microwave receive power is overly low or overly high, bit errors might occur and the
service might be interrupted.
Relevant Alarm
If the receive power crosses the threshold, the RADIO_RSL_HIGH or RADIO_RSL_LOW
alarm occurs.
9.3.72 TSLMAX, TSLMIN, and TSLCUR

l TSLMAX stands for "maximum value of microwave transmit signal level".
l TSLMIN stands for "minimum value of microwave transmit signal level".
l TSLCUR stands for "current value of microwave transmit signal level".

Performance event cell TSL
Unit 0.1 dBm

When the microwave transmit power is too low or too high, the receive power at the opposite
station will be too low or too high. Moreover, bit errors might occur and services might be
interrupted.
Relevant Alarm
If the transmit power crosses the threshold, the RADIO_TSL_HIGH or
RADIO_TSL_LOW alarm can occur.

Maintenance Guide A Glossary
A Glossary
Terms are listed in an alphabetical order.
A.1 0-9
A.2 A-E
A.3 F-J
A.4 K-O
A.5 P-T
A.6 U-Z
Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential A-1

A Glossary Maintenance Guide
A.1 0-9
1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection
SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is
permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the
normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the
permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic
signal to be provided.
1U The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)
802.1Q in 802.1Q 802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN
tag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a
frame with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLAN
tags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on the
public VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQ
feature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.
A.2 A-E
A
ABR See Available Bit Rate
ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization
Access Control List Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL are
used for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the address
where the user logged in is contained in the list.
ACL See Access Control List
adaptive modulation A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the
channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a high-
efficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum
utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts
the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the
link that carries high-priority services.
ADC See Analog to Digital Converter
add/drop multiplexer Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of
the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are
added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed
through the ADM.
Address Resolution Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to
Protocol MAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses through
ARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the host
converts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame.
The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipment
through its IP address.
A-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

adjacent channel A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal
alternate polarization polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.
ADM See add/drop multiplexer
Administrative Unit The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer
and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order
VC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to
the multiplex section frame start.
AF See Assured Forwarding
AGC See Automatic Gain Control
aggregation A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete or
conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.
AIS See Alarm Indication Signal
Alarm automatic When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,
report an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.
alarm cascading The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets.
Alarm Filtering An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based on
the filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarm
information. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed or
stored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE.
Alarm Indication A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure
Signal has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: See
ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals.
Alarm suppression A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be the
networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function
module of a specific board.
AM See adaptive modulation
Analog to Digital An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The
Converter reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
APS See Automatic Protection Switching
ARP See Address Resolution Protocol
ASK amplitude shift keying
Assured Forwarding Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the
Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that require
assured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality in
forwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continues
to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.
Asynchronous A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel
Transfer Mode demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network
resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte
header.
ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM PVC ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit

ATPC See automatic transmit power control

attenuator A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used to
ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.
AU See Administrative Unit
Automatic Gain A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as a
Control function of a specified parameter, such as received signal level.
Automatic Protection Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to
Switching detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the
traffic.
automatic transmit A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected
power control at the receiver
Available Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible
forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time
quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
Backward Defect When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI)
Indication to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a
network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the
transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks
with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides
the following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Power
control, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages
one or more BTSs in an actual network.
Base Transceiver A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic
Station and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio
equipment, and the antenna.
BDI See Backward Defect Indication
BE See best effort
BER See Bit Error Rate
best effort A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the traffic
of this PHB type features reachability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwarding
quality.
BIOS Basic Input Output System
BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity
bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding
bit in the received digital signal.
Bit Error Rate Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used
to measure the communications quality of a network.

blank filler panel A piece of board to cover vacant slots, to keep the frame away from dirt, to keep proper
airflow inside the frame, and to beautify the frame appearance.
BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit
Bridge Protocol Data The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that
Unit uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on
ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was
intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is
determined by the broadcast address.
BSC See Base Station Controller
BTS See Base Transceiver Station
Buffer A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking to
compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data
can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices.
C
C-VLAN Customer VLAN
Cable distribution plate A component which is used to arrange the cables in order.
cable ladder (1) A cable ladder is a frame which supports electrical cables. (2) Two metal cables
usually made of stainless steel with rungs of lightweight metal tubing such as aluminum,
six or eight inches wide spaced about eighteen inches apart. It can be rolled into a compact
lightweight bundle for transport ease.
cable tie The tape used to bind the cables.
cabling trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.
captive nut Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but
are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the
firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.
CAR See committed access rate
CBR See Constant Bit Rate
CCC See Circuit Cross Connect
CCDP See Co-Channel Dual Polarization
CCM See continuity check message
CE See Customer Edge
Central Processing The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor
Unit or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.
CES See Circuit Emulation Service
CF See compact flash
CGMP Cisco Group Management Protocol

CIR See Committed Information Rate

Circuit Cross Connect An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels.
Circuit Emulation A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the
Service transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM
cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the
interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES
technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original
sequence at the reception end.
CIST See Common and Internal Spanning Tree
CIST root A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network.
Class of Service A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs,
the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from high
to low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the services
of low priority.
Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a
network.
Co-Channel Dual A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical
Polarization polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twice
the transmission capacity of the single polarization.
Coarse Wavelength A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels into
Division Multiplexing the same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDM
does not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking.
Colored packet A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.
Combined cabinet Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS.
committed access rate A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.
CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified
into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate
can be defined.
Committed The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normal
Information Rate conditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred to
the leaky bucket.
Common and Internal Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP and
Spanning Tree RSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridges
and regions, calculatedby MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local Area
Network are simply and fully connected.
compact flash Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used in
portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in
a standardized enclosure.
Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be
used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.
connecting plate for A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.
combining cabinets

Connectivity Check Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved by
each MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detection
is called CC detection.
Constant Bit Rate constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers
cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend
on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.
Constraint Shortest An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed using
Path First CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortest
path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A
constraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also know as bandwidth
guaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPF
is widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known as
Constraint Based Routing (CBR).
Constraint-based An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocol
Routed-Label Label Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, uses
Distribution Protocol IP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers.
RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP is
designed to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessions
between LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages during
the session.
continuity check CCM is used to detect the link status.
message
corrugated tube A pipe which is used for fiber routing.
CoS See Class of Service
CPU See Central Processing Unit
CR-LDP See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol
CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check
cross polarization A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate
interference the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
cancellation
CSPF See Constraint Shortest Path First
Customer Edge A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the
Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.
CWDM See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Cyclic Redundancy A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses
Check a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it
sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after
transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission
was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission
includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.

D
Data Circuit-terminal Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). The
Equipment basic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, to
another interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem.
Data Communication A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data
Network Communication Function (DCF).
Data Communications The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to
Channel transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P)
between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the
192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12
is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.
Datagram A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram,
UDP datagram.
DC See Direct Current
DC-C See DC-Return Common (with Ground)
DC-I See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)
DC-Return Common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
(with Ground) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between
the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-Return Isolate A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
(with Ground) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND
on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DCC See Data Communications Channel
DCE See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment
DCN See Data Communication Network
DDF See Digital Distribution Frame
DDN See Digital Data Network
DE See discard eligible
Detour LSP The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup.
diamond-shaped nut A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.
Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series
of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of per-
hop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning
functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.
Differentiated Services Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits
Code Point 0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service
streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB
according to the DSCP value.
DiffServ See Differentiated Services
Digital Data Network A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber
channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex
technology.

Digital Distribution A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with
Frame transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection,
cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals.
digital modulation A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the
carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the
information can be transmitted by the carrier.
Direct Current Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop or
change amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction.
discard eligible A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supports
the FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet traffic
exceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In the
case of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node.
Distance Vector Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. The DVMRP protocol is an Internet
Multicast Routing gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical dense
Protocol mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing
datagrams with its neighbors.
DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a
domain that is not DS-capable.
DS domain In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group of
network nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It provides
point-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain.
DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.
DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
E
E-AGGR Ethernet-Aggregation
E-LAN See Ethernet LAN
E-Tree See Ethernet-Tree
EBS See Excess Burst Size
ECC See Embedded Control Channel
EF See Expedited Forwarding
EFM See Ethernet in the First mile
Electro Magnetic Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or
Interference limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.

electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications

compatibility equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic
environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional
electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
[NTIA]
ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different
electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
Embedded Control An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data
Channel communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.
EMC See electromagnetic compatibility
EMI See Electro Magnetic Interference
Engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
EPLn See Ethernet Private LAN
equalization A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for
the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.
ERPS See ethernet ring protection switching
ES-IS End System to Intermediate System
ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge
ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or
cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.
ETH-CC Ethernet Continuity Check
ETH-LB Ethernet Loopback
ETH-LT Ethernet Link Trace
Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/
s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..
Ethernet in the First Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes the
mile advantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFM
provides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. In
addition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV)
and Video On Demand (VOD).
Ethernet LAN Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different
domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as
a Layer 2 switch.
Ethernet Private LAN Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between
different customers.
ethernet ring protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.
protection switching
Ethernet Virtual A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service.
Private LAN
Ethernet-Tree etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet
Virtual Connection.

ETS European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI 300mm cabinet A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standards
of the ETSI.
European A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line
EVPLn See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN
Excess Burst Size excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic control
is realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to define
the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the
information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must be
larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum
length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The
protection switching is not really performed.
Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB
is suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad
bandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster
than the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".
A.3 F-J
F
Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function
to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been
detected.
Fast Ethernet A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies with
the IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard.
fast link pulse The likn pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FD See frequency diversity
FDI See Forward Defect Indication
FE See Fast Ethernet
FEC See Forward Error Correction
FFD Fast Failure Detection
Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple
the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A
connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source
(or a detector).

fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for
connections between subracks or inside a subrack.
Field Programmable A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit
Gate Array (ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the
PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but also
overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the
limited number of gate arraies.
FIFO See First in First out
File Transfer Protocol A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers
on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an
FTP client and the other an FTP server.
First in First out A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.
FLP See fast link pulse
Forced switch This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protection
channel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless
of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards
are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.
Forward Defect Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the
Indication LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the
defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected
higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.
Forward Error A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at
Correction the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission are corrected at the receive end.
Forwarding plane Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can
be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.
FPGA See Field Programmable Gate Array
Fragment Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.
Fragmentation Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium
that can not support the original size of the packet.
frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length
is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.
A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,
a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-
specified by the sending and receiving parties.
frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
FTP See File Transfer Protocol
Full duplex The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On
the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.

G
gateway network A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and
element the NM application layer
GCP See GMPLS control plan
GE See Gigabit Ethernet
Generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is
to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router
to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
GFP Generic Framing Procedure
Gigabit Ethernet GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.It
runs at 1000Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not support
coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. If
Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge
(switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth.
In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causing
the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus.
Global Positioning A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and
System timing services to worldwide users .
GMPLS control plan The OptiX GMPLS control plan (GCP) is the ASON software developed by Huawei.
The OptiX GCP applies to the OptiX OSN product series. By using this software, the
traditional network can evolve into the ASON network. The OptiX OSN product series
support the ASON features.
GNE See gateway network element
GPS See Global Positioning System
GR See Graceful Restart
Graceful Restart In IETF, protocols related to Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching (IP/
MPLS) such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-Intermediate
System (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP),
and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are extended to ensure that the forwarding
is not interrupted when the system is restarted. This reduces the flapping of the protocols
at the control plane when the system performs the active/standby switchover. This series
of standards is called Graceful Restart.
Graphical User A visual computer enviroment that represents programs, files, and options with graphical
Interface images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen.
ground resistance (electricity) Opposition of the earth to the flow of current through it; its value depends
on the nature and moisture content of the soil, on the material, composition, and nature
of connections to the earth, and on the electrolytic action present.
GTS See Generic traffic shaping
GUI See Graphical User Interface
guide rail Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.

H-QoS Hierarchical Quality of Service

HA See High Availability
half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both
directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party
begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before
replying.
HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code 3
HDLC See High level Data Link Control procedure
High Availability The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, which
may exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtain
the high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning cases
one by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requires
an HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach.
High level Data Link A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links.
Control procedure Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols
including X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC
have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP).
High Speed Downlink A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement
Packet Access for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the
maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the
WCDMA network topology.
Hold priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by the
tunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.
Hop A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents
a small step on the route from one main computer to another.
hot standby A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and
storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When
the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in
the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire
system.
HP Higher Order Path
HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSM Hitless Switch Mode
HTB High Tributary Bus
hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports
the AM function.
ICMP See Internet Control Messages Protocol

IDU See indoor unit

IEC See International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force
IF See intermediate frequency
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages
and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner,
the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
IMA See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
indoor unit The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,
multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.
Inloop A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connect
unit.
Institute of Electrical A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but
and Electronics boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,
Engineers electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.
Interface board area The area for the interface boards on the subrack.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
signal.
Intermediate System The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate
routes.
Intermediate System to A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol
Intermediate System (IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF)
algorithm to calculate the route.
Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special
MSTI whose ID is 0.
International The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and non-
Electrotechnical governmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards.
Commission
International ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and
Organization for publisher of International Standards.
Standardization
Internet Control ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messages
Messages Protocol during the transmission of IP-type data packets.
Internet Group The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among
Management Protocol the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish
and maintain multicast group memberships.
Internet Protocol The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sent
across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet delivery
service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The
entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two
fundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.

Internet Protocol A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specifications
Version 6 and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of the
Internet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications and
standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while
an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
Inverse Multiplexing Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involves
over ATM inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links
grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of
the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.
IP See Internet Protocol
IPv6 See Internet Protocol Version 6
IS-IS See Intermediate System to Intermediate System
ISO See International Organization for Standardization
IST See Internal Spanning Tree
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IVL Independence VLAN learning
Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system
instability.
A.4 K-O
L
L2VPN See Layer 2 virtual private network

Label Switched Path A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label
switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on
normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.
Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRs
support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit and
forwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route,
creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latter
forwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table.
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG See link aggregation group
LAN See Local Area Network
LAPD Link Access Procedure on the D channel
LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser
light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor
laser as the light source.
layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits
and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the
second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.
Layer 2 virtual private A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer
network 2 switching technologies.
LB See Loopback
LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LDPC Low-Density Parity Check code
line rate forwarding The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
Link Aggregation Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)
Control Protocol that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACP
allows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
aggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it were
a single link.
Link Capacity The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic
Adjustment Scheme provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.
Link Protection Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is
a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection,
the link protection should be provided.
LMSP Linear Multiplex Section Protection
Local Area Network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,
FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs
are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/
s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being
switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been
switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to
the working channel.
LOF See Loss Of Frame
LOM Loss Of Multiframe
Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors.
LOP See Loss Of Pointer
LOS See Loss Of Signal
Loss Of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead
indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor
the performance of the PHY layer.

Loss Of Pointer Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the
PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of
cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
Loss Of Signal Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received
signal.
Lower subrack The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.
LP Lower Order Path
LPT Link State Path Through
LSP See Label Switched Path
LSR See Label Switching Router
M
MA See Maintenance Association
MAC See Medium Access Control
MAC See Media Access Control
MADM Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer
Maintenance That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the
Association connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance
Entities.
Maintenance A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service
association End Point Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an
end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate Maintenance
Entity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.
Maintenance Domain The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for which
connectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.
Maintenance Point Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.
Management A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
Information Base comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as
routers and switches) in a network.
Manual switching A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a
higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the
protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.
Maximum Transfer The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be
Unit sent over a network.
MBS Maximum Burst Size
MCF See Message Communication Function
MD See Maintenance Domain
MDI See Medium Dependent Interface
Mean Time To Repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.

Media Access Control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the
data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting
the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol
checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control
information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC
protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted
correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control
information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.
Medium Access A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular
Control network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses.
Medium Dependent The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media
Interface transmission.
MEP See Maintenance association End Point
Message The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of management
Communication information with their prs .
Function
MIB See Management Information Base
MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point
MLPPP See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol
mount angle An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the other
side is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an L-
shaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected with
the rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles.
MP See Maintenance Point
MPID Maintenance Point Identification
MPLS See Multi-Protocol Label Switch
MPLS L2VPN The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.In
this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of
different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.
MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault
detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and
relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CR-
LSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs.
In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.
MPLS TE Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering
MPLS TE tunnel In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through
multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group
of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two
identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely
define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or
FILTER_SPEC object.
MS See Multiplex Section
MSP See multiplex section protection

MSTI See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR See Mean Time To Repair
MTU See Maximum Transfer Unit
Multi-link Point to A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line,
Point Protocol doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.
Multi-Protocol Label A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link
Switch layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of
IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of
networks, and is beneficial to routing.
Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast
group rather than a host.
Multiple Spanning Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTP
Tree Instance within an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology for
frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST
Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs.
Multiple Spanning Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an
Tree Protocol algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed
as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided
in the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and
multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded
in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
Multiple Spanning The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among
Tree Region them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST
region attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST region
are as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation between
the VLAN ID to MSTI
Multiplex Section The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.
multiplex section A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and
protection including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a
"protection" channel.
N
N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE See Network Element
NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX
equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,
boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.

Network Element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One
NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the
entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.
network management The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, and
system maintenance of a network.
Network Service Access A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can
Point access OSI network services.
Network to Network This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.
Interface
next hop The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network
on its journey to its final destination.
NLP Normal Link Pulse
NMS See network management system
NNHOP Next-Next-Hop
NNI See Network to Network Interface
Node A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, one
node stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one
frame of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.
Node Protection A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to
protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to
protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR.
non-gateway network A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be
element transferred by the gateway network element application layer.
non-GNE See non-gateway network element
NSAP See Network Service Access Point
NSF Not Stop Forwarding
NSMI Network Serial Multiplexed Interface
O
OAM See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc
ODF See Optical Distribution Frame
ODU See outdoor unit
One-to-One Backup A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected
tunnel at a PLR.
Open Shortest Path A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's
First algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A
link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers
in the area.

Open Systems A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization of
Interconnection Standards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a
telecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that
take place at each end of a communication.
Operation, Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions that
Administration and monitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limited
Maintenanc to, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults
and keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide the
services of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers.
Optical Distribution A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.
Frame
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or
maintenance engineers of different stations.
OSI See Open Systems Interconnection
OSP OptiX Software Platform
OSPF See Open Shortest Path First
outdoor unit The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency
conversion and amplification for RF signals.
Outloop A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port without
changing the structure of the signals.
Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.
A.5 P-T
P
Packet over SDH/ A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POS
SONET interface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of
packet data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.
packet switched A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.
network
Packing case A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.
Path/Channel A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal
at the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the
signal is disassembled.
PBS See peak burst size
PCB See Printed Circuit Board
PCI bus PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit
for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.
PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PE See Provider Edge

peak burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst
IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This
parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not
less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should be
not less than the committed information rate.
Penultimate Hop Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS
Popping enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged
packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an
adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).
Per-Hop-Behavior A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to the
behavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain.
PHB See Per-Hop-Behavior
PHP See Penultimate Hop Popping
PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode
PIM-SM See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
PIR See Peak Information Rate
Plesiochronous Digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum
Hierarchy rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates
data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the
tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
POS See Packet over SDH/SONET
Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies
power for the subracks in the cabinet.
PPP See Point-to-Point Protocol
PPVPN Provider Provisioned VPN
PQ See Priority Queuing
PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence
PRC Primary Reference Clock
Printed Circuit Board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components
using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto
a non-conductive substrate.

Priority Queuing A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports the
following three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an
associated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest
priority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3)
PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it
Processing board area An area for the processing boards on the subrack.
protection grounding A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one
cable half of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.
Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.
Protocol Independent A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and inter-
Multicast-Sparse Mode domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is not
dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparse-
mode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (and
their routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicast
routing protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere and
then pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructs
a tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets from
the sender then follow this tree.
Provider Edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and
exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a
PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and
the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
Pseudo wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established
and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is
maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
Pseudo Wire Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2
Emulation Edge-to- transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication
Edge service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 also
emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuit
and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.
PSN See packet switched network
PTN Packet Transport Network
PW See Pseudo wire
PWE3 See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
Q
QoS See Quality of Service
QPSK See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmission
Keying through the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the reference
signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses
four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these
phases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray
code on graph with the minimum BER.

Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS
is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,
service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.
R
Radio Freqency A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an
electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave.
The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC
with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified
into such high-frequency current.
Radio Network A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources.
Controller
Random Early A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
Detection to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization
resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.
Rapid Spanning Tree An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree
Protocol convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with
the STP protocol.
RDI See Remote Defect Indication
Received Signal The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
Strength Indicator receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna
Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received
power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.
RED See Random Early Detection
REI See Remote Error Indication
Remote Defect A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal
Indication detects specific defects in the incoming signal.
Remote Error A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are
Indication two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream
LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is
sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.
remote network A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force
monitoring (IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or the
entire network.
Resource Reservation The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is
Protocol used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport
layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control
protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
Reverse pressure A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end
transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end
to slow down the transmission rate.
RF See Radio Freqency
RFC Request For Comment

RIP See Routing Information Protocol

RMON See remote network monitoring
RNC See Radio Network Controller
Root alarm An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-level
alarms always accompany a root alarm.
route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/
IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.
Routing Information Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP
Protocol protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and
destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing
information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.
routing table A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers
regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the
destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--in
hops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination.
Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.
RS Reed-Solomon encoding
RSL Received Signal Level
RSSI See Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol
RTN Radio Transmission Node
S
SD See space diversity
SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDP Serious Disturbance Period
SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function
Service Level A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service
Agreement provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about
measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating
and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and
customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the
documented target measure.
SES Severely Errored Second
Setup Priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the
resources required by other backup tunnels.
SF See Signal Fail
SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

side trough The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the
cabinet.
signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal
cable.
Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.
Signal Noise Ratio The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the
amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the
logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).
Simple Network A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify
Management Protocol the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the
transmission of management information between any two points. The polling
mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which
can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the
network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control
information about each device is maintained by a management information block.
simplex Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sent
in either direction at one time.
SLA See Service Level Agreement
Slicing To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.
Small Form-Factor A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.
Pluggable
SNC See SubNetwork Connection
SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection
SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR See Signal Noise Ratio
SP Strict Priority
space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance
to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two
signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.
Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.
STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through
certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.
SSM See Synchronization Status Message
Static Virtual Circuit Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPN
information by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.
Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be
transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to
active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices
to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.
STM See synchronous transport module
STM-1 SDH Transport Module -1

STM-1e STM-1 Electrical Interface

STM-1o STM-1 Optical Interface
STP See Spanning Tree Protocol
sub-network Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of
network management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected or
correlated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clock
subnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, a
sub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions and
closely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on a
topological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-network
planning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view space
can be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus on
the equipments under their management.
subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are
destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,
server or router and is matched with the IP address.
SubNetwork A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by the
Connection association of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.
SubNetwork A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if
Connection Protection the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required
level.
SVC See Static Virtual Circuit
SVL Shared VLAN Learning
Switch To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This
behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
Synchronization Status A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous
Message timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the
synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform
operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold),
and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.
Synchronous Digital SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines
Hierarchy the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-
ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed
counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH is
suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since
it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.
synchronous transport An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the
module SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields
organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitably
conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized
to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher
capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities
for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.

T
tail drop A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length,
packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as
TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced,
thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are
dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.
Tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when
the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
TCI Tag Control Information
TCP See TransmissionControl Protocol
TDM See Time Division Multiplexing
TE See traffic engineering
TEDB See Traffic Engineering DataBase
Telecommunication The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T
Management Network for managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture for
management, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation and
administration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services.
TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch
Time Division It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time
Multiplexing slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross
time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be
transmitted over one channel.
Time To Live A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly.
The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in the
network. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives,
and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero.
TMN See Telecommunication Management Network
ToS priority A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header.
TPS See Tributary Protection Switch
traffic engineering A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology.
Traffic Engineering TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to know
DataBase the features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which uses
the link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS contain
some TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reserved
bandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are rather
important. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area and
generates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS
TE network.
Traffic shaping It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee
the performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic
in the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer
devices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.

trail A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of the
trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferred
signals.
TransmissionControl The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to
Protocol be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the complete
messages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable
in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in
the ISO/OSI reference model.
Tributary Protection Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to
Switch protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.
trTCM See Two Rate Three Color Marker
TTL See Time To Live
TU Tributary Unit
Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.
In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel
ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel
is an MPLS tunnel.
Two Rate Three Color The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak
Marker Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated
burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the
PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or
doesn't exceed the CIR.
A.6 U-Z
U
UAS Unavailable Second
UBR See Unspecified Bit Rate
UDP See User Datagram Protocol
underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.
UNI See User Network Interface
Unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
Unspecified Bit Rate No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal
for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded,
and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.
Upper subrack The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
upward cabling Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

User Datagram A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a
Protocol datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP
to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable
connectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,
delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,
the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is
received.
User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the
interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private
network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to
describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.
V
V-NNI See virtual network-network interface
V-UNI See Virtual User-Network Interface
Variable Bit Rate One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.
VBR See Variable Bit Rate
VC See Virtual Channel
VC-12 Virtual Container -12
VCC Virtual Channel Connection
VCC,VPL See Virtual Chanel Connection
VCG See virtual concatenation group
VCI See Virtual Channel Identifier
Virtual Chanel Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two end
Connection points in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connections
into one virtual connection.
Virtual Channel Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in the
ATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel
identifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw
Virtual Channel virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, together
Identifier with the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series
of ATM switches on its way to its destination.
virtual concatenation A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same
group virtual concatenation link
Virtual Leased Line A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparently
transporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.

Virtual Local Area A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical
Network network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated
with switched Ethernet.
virtual network- A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.
network interface
Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which
VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.
Virtual Private LAN A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLS
Service enables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through the
MAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN.
Virtual Private The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and
Network authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide
remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.
Virtual Private Wire A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR,
Service Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN.
Virtual Routing and A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multiple
Forwarding instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.
Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to the
virtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridge
function and can terminate PW.
Virtual User-Network virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point
Interface to perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS.
VLAN See Virtual Local Area Network
VLL See Virtual Leased Line
Voice over IP An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice
information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form
in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the
public switched telephone network (PSTN).
VoIP See Voice over IP
VPI See Virtual Path Identifier
VPLS See Virtual Private LAN Service
VPN See Virtual Private Network
VPWS See Virtual Private Wire Service
VRF See Virtual Routing and Forwarding
VSI See Virtual Switch Instance
W
Wait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can
be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic
signal from.
WAN See Wide Area Network

Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE
management layer of the transport network
Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth
allocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an
interface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In
this manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled.
Weighted Random A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP
Early Detection synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority
packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.
WFQ See Weighted Fair Queuing
Wide Area Network A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are
physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a
province, a state or even a country.
Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
wire speed Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of
wire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
WMS Wholesale Managed Services
WRED See Weighted Random Early Detection
WRR Weighted Round Robin
WTR See Wait to Restore Time
X
XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination
XPIC See cross polarization interference cancellation


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OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 950 V100R001C02

iManager U2000 V100R001C00

This document is intended for:

l System maintenance engineer

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a

Provides additional information to emphasize

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

Updates in Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

- Fixes known bugs.

iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Updates in Issue 03 (2010-06-10) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

8.3.47 FAN_FAIL Changed the parameters of the alarms.

8.3.34 CPU_BUSY Added the CPU_BUSY alarm.

Updates in Issue 02 (2010-01-30) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

2 Routine maintenance Deleted the description of browsing running

3 Troubleshooting Deleted the description of FRR

Updates in Issue 01 (2009-09-30) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

2.3.3 Checking the Antenna..........................................................................................................................2-23

4 Data Backup and Restoration..................................................................................................4-1

viii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

5.4 Replacing the IF Board...................................................................................................................................5-7

6 Remote Maintenance Guide....................................................................................................6-1

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ix

7.26.2 Protection of Optical Connectors.......................................................................................................7-34

x Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xi

xii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xiii

xiv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

9.2.12 TND1AUXQ Performance Event List...............................................................................................9-25

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xv

xvi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xvii

Figure 3-1 General flow diagram for handling faults...........................................................................................3-3

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xix

xx Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols................................................................................................................1-2

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xxi

Table 9-1 SDH performance event list.................................................................................................................9-6

xxii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 04 (2010-12-10)

About This Chapter

1.1 Warning and Safety Symbols

Issue 04 (2010-12-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

1.1 Warning and Safety Symbols

Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols

This symbol is for anti-static protection.

This symbol is for laser class.

This symbol is for chassis grounding.