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The word tsunami is a japaneese word meaning harbour
waves.A tsunami is a series of traveling ocean waves of
extremely long length generated by disturbance
associated by primarly with earthquakes occuring below
or near to the ocean floor.
A large wave on the ocean,these gigantic waves are
probably one of the most powerful and destructive forces
on nature.A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles over the
open sea and cause extensive damage when it encounters
land.
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TSUNAMI IN INDIAN OCEAN 2004
It was firstly seen in Lisbon Date :26 December
in 1755 2004
Origin time :00:58:53 UTC
The second was in Japan in Depth :30km
1779 Areas
affected :Indonesia,Srilanka,
In India tsunami was come India,Maldives,
on 26 December 2004 at Thailand,Somalia
00:58 Tsunami height :51 meres(200ft)
Casualities :230,000-280,dead
and many more
missing
TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (TWS)
v A tsunami warning system is used to detect tsunami in 5
advance and issue warning to prevent loss of life and damage.
v This system consist of two major parts:
Network of sensors to detect the tsunami .
Communication infrastructure to inform the arrival of tsunami.

WORKING OF TWS
vNetwork of seismic monitoring station at sea floor detects presence of earthquake.
vSeismic monitoring station determines location and depth of earthquake having
potential to cause tsunami.
vAny resulting tsunami are verified by sea level monitoring sation such as DART
buoys,tidal gauge.
vThe buoy sends signal further to a satelite.
vThe signal is then sent to early-warning stations on land
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vThere are two distinct types of TWS:

TWS

International Warning System National Warning System

DETECTION METHOD

GEOLOGICAL WAVE COASTLINE


ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
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INTERNATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM
o This system uses both data like seismic and water level data from
coastal buoys.
o Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while siesmic wave travel at 14,400
km/hr.
o This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast t be made.
o It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.

NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM


o This system use siesmic data about nearby recent earthquake.
o This system is unable to predict which earthquake will produce
significant tsunami.
EARLY TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
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SEISMOMETER
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SEISMOMETERS

COASTAL TIDAL GAUGES

DART BUOYS Information based about source of


tsunami is based on seismic
information.
Earthquake are measured based
on its magnitude recorded by its
seismograph.
COASTAL TIDAL GAUGE DART BUOYS 10

Measure sea level near coastal Report to tsunami warning centre, when
area. tsunami occurs.
Continously monitor and confirms Information are processed to produce a
tsunami waves following an new and more refined estimate of tsunami
earthquake. source.
If tsunami occured oter than Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.
earthquake we depend on the
data of the tidal gauge.
WORKING OF DART BUOYS DART SYSTEM 11
DART BUOY consist of two main
component.
Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)
Surface Buoy
BPR consisting of a modem to transmit
data to surface buoy.
Surface buoy trnsmit data to warning
centre via satelite communication.
NOAA AND DART STATION
NOAA(NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)
-Responsible for providing tsunami warnings to
nation.
DART(DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT AND
REPORTING OF TSUNAMI)
-Station that detects tsunami.
MODES OF OPERATION
Dart buoy has two modes of operation 12
Modes

Standard Modes Event Modes

STANDARD MODE:
-System generally operates in standard mode.
-DART transmit data every six hours with recording of 15 minutes.

EVENT MODE:
-When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to event mode.
-Transmit data every 15 seconds at an average of 1 minute for 3 hours.
INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WARNING CENTERS 13
WARNING SYSTEM
v It is set up to provide warning to
inhabitants of nations bordering indian
ocean of approaching tsunamis.
v It was agreed in united nations conference
held on January 2005 in Kobe,Japan.
v The syatem became active late in June
2006 following the leadership of UNESCO.
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF 14

TWS
ADVANTAGES DRAWBACKS
The dead by the tsunami can be Expensive equipmets
reduced High maintanace cost
Deep water pressure produce low Requires multiple communication link:
false reading
-Sonar
Multiple sensors can triangulate
epicentre of water displacement -Satelite uplink
and wave propagation can be -Satelite downlink
predicted
-Last mile notofication to authorities
Good advance warning
-Authorities must notify coastal dwellers
FUTURE SCOPE OF TWS 15
Use of GPS to detect tsunami.
Developed by NASA.
GPS detects ground motion preceding tsunami.
It estimates tsunami destructive potential within minutes.
Estimates energy that undersea earthquake transfer to ocean.
With the help of these data, ocean floor displacement caused by
earthquake can be inferred.
CONCLUSION 16

Geospatial tech has immensely helped in the


design of early warning system for tsunami.
The system is capable of providing tsunami
advisories (earthquake information estimated
travel time, run, up heights, threat zone, etc)
for the entire affected area.
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