Afijos: prefijos y sufijos en ingls

AUTOR: GABY LEVY 48 COMMENTS

Definicin de afijos:

Los afijos son secuencias lingsticas que se anteponen (prefijos), se posponen

(sufijos) o se insertan (infijos) en la palabra para modificar su significado.

Por qu es importante conocer los afijos?

Porque muchas de las palabras que utilizamos en ingls, no son originalmente

inglesas, sino de origen griego o latino.

Conocer los afijos te permite saber, deducir, o cambiar el significado concreto

de una palabra. Por ejemplo: cuando estas presentando algn examen como
el TOEFL, leyendo o escribiendo en ingls, puedes adivinar el significado o
cambiarlo.

Al igual que en espaol, las palabras en ingls pueden consistir de tres partes:
la raz (the root), un prefijo (a prefix) y/o un sufijo (a suffix).

La raz es la parte de la palabra que contiene el significado bsico

(definicin).
El prefijo es el elemento de la palabra que se coloca antes de la raz. Un
prefijo cambia el significado o hace una nueva palabra.
El sufijo es el elemento de la palabra que se coloca despus de la raz.
El sufijo cambia el significado de la palabra, as como su funcin (uso) y
en muchos casos el gnero y nmero.

Los prefijos y sufijos se llaman afijos porque estan unidos a la raz.

El conocer los afijos, no solament pueden ayudarte a identificar el significado

de la palabra, sino que tambin pueden ayudar a incrementar tu vocabulario en
ingls.
Aqu puedes encontrar la lista de los prefijos y sufijos ms comunes:

Prefijos Significado Ejemplos

a- an- not, without atheist, anemic

to, towards aside, aback

in the process of, in a a-hunting, aglow

particular state

of anew

completely abashed

ab- abs- away from abdicate, abstract

ad-, a-, movement to, change advance, adulterate,

ac-,af-, ag-, into, addition or adjunct, ascend, affiliate,

al-, an-, ap-, increase affirm, aggravate,

at-, as-, at- alleviate, annotate,

apprehend, arrive,

assemble, attend

ante- before, preceding antecedent, ante-room

anti- ant- opposing, against, the anti-aircraft, antibiotic,

opposite anticlimax, Antartic

auto- self automobile, autobiography

all over, all around bespatter, beset

be- completely bewitch, bemuse

having, covered with bejewelled

affect with (added to

nouns) befog
 cause to be (added to becalm

adjectives)

bi- two biceps, bicycle

com- co-, with, jointly, combat, co-pilot, colude,

col-, con-, completely confide, corrode

cor-

contra- against, opposite contraceptive

counter- opposition, opposite counter-attack, counteract

direction

descend, despair, depend,

de-
down, away deduct

completely denude, denigrate

removal, reversal de-ice, decamp

downward, undo deflate, defect

deci- ten decibels, decimal

dia-, di- throung, across diagonal

dis-, di- negation, removal, disadvantage, dismount,

expulsion disbud, disbar

put into or on engulf, enmesh

bring into the

en- em-
condition of enlighten, embitter

intensification entangle, enrage

ex, e-, ef- out exit,exclude, expand

upward exalt, extol

completeley excruciate, exasperate

 previous ex wife

extra- outside, beyond extracurricular

hemi- half hemisphere

hyper- beyond, more than, hypersonic. Hyperactive

more than normal

hypo- under hypodermic, hypothermia

infertile,

inappropriate,impossible,

not, without incurable

in, into, towards,

in-, il-, im- inside influence, influx, imbibe

infra- below infrared, infraestructure

inter- between, among interact, interchange

intra- inside, within intramural, intravenous

non- absence, negation non-smoker, non-alcoholic

ob-,oc-, of-, blocking, against, obstruct, occult, offend,

op- concealing oppose

macro- large macroeconimics,

macrobiotic

magni- great magnify, magnificent

mega- huge megaphone, megabucks

micro- small microscope, micorbe

mis- wrongly mistake, mislead

out- surpassing, outperform

exceeding
 external, away from outbuilding, outboard

excessively, overconfident,

over- completely overburdened, overjoyed

peri- round, about perimeter

post- after in time or order postpone

before in time, place, pre-adolescent, prelude,

pre- order or importance precondition

favouring, in support

of pro-African

acting for proconsul

pro-
motion forwards or

away propulsion

before in time, place prologue

or order

repaint, reappraise,

re- against, opposite reawake

semi- half, partly semicircle, semi-conscious

sub- suc-, at a lower position submarine, subsoil

suf-, sug-, lower in rank sub-lieutenant

sup-, sur-

sus-

nearly, approximatelysub-tropical

in union, acting

syn- sym- together synchronize, symmetry

trans- across, beyond transnational, transatlantic

 into a different state translate

tele- far telescope, telephone

tri- three tricycle, triangle

beyond ultraviolet, ultrasonic

ultra- extreme ultramicroscopic

unacceptable, unreal,

not, without unhappy, unmanned

reversal or unplug, unmask

cancellationof action

un- or state

under- beneath, below underage, undercarriage

lower in rank undersecretary

not enough underdeveloped

unicorn, uniform,

uni- one, single unilateral

Sufijos (Suffixes)
Sustantivos Significado Ejemplo

ac, ic like, pertaining to cardiac, aquatic

democracy, obstinacy,

acy, cy state of being sufficiency

agogy leading pedagogy, demagogy

archy rule, leadership gynarchy, anarchy

rehearsal, maniacal,

al pertaining to portal, logical

ant, ent full of eloquent, verdant

ary like, connected with dictionary, honorary

ation that wich is irritation

actress, waitress,

ess female stewardess

ism doctrine, belief civil, docile, Buddhism

ist dealer, doer dentist, realist, artist

ity state of being sagacity

ive like quantitative

er, or person who professor, teacher,

advisor, montaineer
less lack of homeless, useless

osis condition psychosis, hypnosis

ography ideogram, geography,

ogram writing, description stenography

tude state of fortitude, certitude

Verbos Significado Example

compensate, consecrate,

ate to make mitigate

ify to make quantify, magnify, petrify

capitalize, harmonize,

ize, ise to make revolutionize

kinesis movement telekinesis

Adjetivos Significado Ejemplos

able, ible capable of delectable,portable,

 legible

acious, icious full of audacious, avaricious,

escent becoming evanescent, pubescent

holic love, addiction alcoholic, workholic

iferous producing, bearing pestiferous, vociferous

pertaining to ,

il, ile capable of civil, docile

itis disease, inflammationhepatitis, gingivitis

mania an irrational but kleptomania,

irresistible motive for megalomania,

a gelief or action mythomania

oid resembling, like avoid, anthropoid

ose full of verbose

ous full of nauseous, ludicrous

Nota: Esta es una pequea lista, ya que existen muchsimos ms,
dependiendo del vocabulario especfico que se maneje: mdico, cientfico,
legal,