I.

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel ( 16 February 1834 9

August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician,
professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named
thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms,
and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum,
phylogeny, stem cell, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularized Charles
Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely
held recapitulation theory claiming that an individual organism's biological
development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarizes its species' evolutionary
development, or phylogeny.

The published artwork of Haeckel includes over 100 detailed, multi-color

illustrations of animals and sea creatures. As a philosopher, Ernst Haeckel
wrote Die Weltrtsel (18951899; in English: The Riddle of the Universe,
1901), the genesis for the term "world riddle and Freedom in Science and
Teaching to support teaching evolution.

II. Theophrastus (Greek: Thephrastos; c. 371 c. 287 BC), a Greek native of

Eresos in Lesbos, was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. He
came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato's school. After
Plato's death, he attached himself to Aristotle. Aristotle took to Theophrastus
his writings and designated him as his successor at the Lyceum. Theophrastus
presided over the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years, during which time the
school flourished greatly. He is often considered the "father of botany" for his
works on plants. After his death, the Athenians honored him with a public
funeral. His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus.
The interests of Theophrastus were wide ranging, extending from biology and
physics to ethics and metaphysics. His two surviving botanical works, Enquiry
into Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants, were an
important influence on Renaissance science. There are also surviving works
On Moral Characters, On Sensation, On Stones, and fragments on Physics and
Metaphysics. In philosophy, he studied grammar and language and continued
Aristotle's work on logic. He also regarded space as the mere arrangement
and position of bodies, time as an accident of motion, and motion as a
necessary consequence of all activity.[citation needed] In ethics, he regarded
happiness as depending on external influences as well as on virtue.

III. Food chain examples

III. Food Web