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Workplace Controls and Practices f Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with
corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances.
Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or
f Do not wear contact lenses when working with this
sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less
substance.
toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures
include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely
irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust Respiratory Protection
ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators
exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control should only be used if the employer has implemented a written
exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on program that takes into account workplace conditions,
workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and
Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory
The following work practices are also recommended: Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134).
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f Label process containers. f Where the potential exists for exposure over 2 mg/m , (or
f Provide employees with hazard information and training. over 0.5 ppm as Chlorine), use a NIOSH approved full
f Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. facepiece respirator with an acid gas cartridge and N100
f Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed particulate prefilters. Increased protection is obtained from
recommended exposure levels. full facepiece powered-air purifying respirators.
f Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. f Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or
f Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous cartridge respirator you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect
material. Sodium Hypochlorite, (2) while wearing particulate filters
f Always wash at the end of the workshift. abnormal resistance to breathing is experienced, or (3) eye
f Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes irritation occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator.
contaminated. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good.
f Do not take contaminated clothing home. If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer
f Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. good, you may need a new respirator.
f Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are f Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace.
being handled, processed or stored. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges
f Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as
applying cosmetics or using the toilet. vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
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f Where the potential exists for exposure over 20 mg/m (or
over 5 ppm as Chlorine), use a NIOSH approved supplied-
air respirator with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-
Personal Protective Equipment demand or other positive-pressure mode. For increased
protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained
The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR
breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other
1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate positive-pressure mode.
personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train f Exposure to 30 ppm (as Chlorine) is immediately dangerous
employees on how and when to use protective equipment. to life and health. If the possibility of exposure above
30 ppm exists, use a NIOSH approved self-contained
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a
not apply to every situation. pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode equipped
with an emergency escape air cylinder.
Gloves and Clothing
f Avoid skin contact with Sodium Hypochlorite. Wear
personal protective equipment made from material that can Fire Hazards
not be permeated or degraded by this substance. Safety If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard
recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing (29 CFR 1910.156).
material for your operation.
f Safety equipment manufacturers recommend Butyl, Nitrile,
f Sodium Hypochlorite is not combustible but is a STRONG
Neoprene, Natural Rubber and Viton for gloves and DuPont
OXIDIZER which enhances the combustion of other
Tychem SL, CPF 3, and Responder; Kappler Zytron
substances.
300; and Saint-Gobain ONESuit TEC, or the equivalent, for
f Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam as extinguishing
Sodium Hypochlorite solutions (30 to 70%).
agents.
f All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
f POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Sodium Oxide and Chlorine.
f Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Eye Protection f Sodium Hypochlorite may ignite combustibles (wood,
f Wear non-vented, impact resistant goggles when working paper and oil).
with fumes, gases, or vapors.
f Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles
when working with liquids.
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Page 4 of 6
GLOSSARY
ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air.
Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume).
Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals.
A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations
by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from can lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.
once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals.
NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can substances according to their fire and explosion hazard.
change its physical state from a liquid to a gas.
NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves
respirators, conducts studies of workplace hazards, and
The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by proposes standards to OSHA.
the Chemical Abstracts Service, to a specific chemical.
NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests chemicals
CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the and reviews evidence for cancer.
regulations of the United States government.
OSHA is the federal Occupational Safety and Health
A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety
standards.
A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes
destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers. PEOSHA is the New Jersey Public Employees Occupational
Safety and Health Act, which adopts and enforces health and
DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental safety standards in public workplaces.
Protection.
Permeated is the movement of chemicals through protective
DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency materials.
that regulates the transportation of chemicals.
ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a
EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal measure of concentration by volume in air.
agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC) are values established by
ERG is the Emergency Response Guidebook. It is a guide for the Department of Energy and are based on AEGLs and
emergency responders for transportation emergencies ERPGs. They are used for emergency planning of chemical
involving hazardous substances. release events.
Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases
provide estimates of concentration ranges where one energy under certain conditions.
reasonably might anticipate observing adverse effects.
STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15-
A fetus is an unborn human or animal. minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time
during a work day.
A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will
ignite easily and burn rapidly. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by
damaging the fetus.
The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid
gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in
air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a
IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a reaction or explosion.
scientific group.
Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of
Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to one gas to the weight of another (usually Hydrogen), at the
remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is measured same temperature and pressure.
in electron volts.
The vapor pressure is a force exerted by the vapor in
IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database on equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the same
human health effects that may result from exposure to various substance. The higher the vapor pressure the higher
chemicals, maintained by federal EPA. concentration of the substance in air.