Summary : Noise figure and noise temperature

Noise Figure
S / N in Si GNi N d GNi N d N
F 1 d 1
S / N out Ni GSi GNi GNi

Nd is the internally generated noise power

Ni is the input noise power
G is the block gain

Equivalent noise temperature

F is the noise figure of the device

T is the ambient temperature

Friis formula for cascaded transmission blocks (amplifiers,

attenuators)

F2 1 F3 1 FN 1
Fe F1 ...
G1 G1G2 G1G2 ...GN 1

T2 T TN
Te T1 3 ...
G1 G1G2 G1G2 ...GN 1
 Summary : Wireless & Satellite communication

C/N :

fc

PEIRPdB=PTX,dB+GAT,dB

7 D / 2
2

For parabola antenna, the antenna gain is GA where D is the antenna

2
diameter

Relationship between C/N and b

C Eb Tb R
b b where Rb is the signal bit rate and W is the bandpass signal
N N 0W W
bandwidth
 Summary : Optical fiber communication

Direction optical detection (envelop detection)

The electrical current is given by : I t R s 2 t hRX t where R is the detector
responsibility [A/W] and hRX(t) is the receiver low pass filter response

Coherent optical detection

The electrical current is after the LPF is given by : I t R s t sLO t hRX t
where R is the detector responsibility [A/W] and hRX(t) is the receiver low pass filter response

Optical fiber

Fiber Loss:

In linear units : Ps L Ps 0 exp L

In dBm units : Ps ,dBm L 10log10 Ps 30 Ps ,dBm 0 dB L

Chromatic dispersion

Chromatic dispersion leads to signal temporal broadening, which causes ISI

Chromatic Dispersion parameter D is expressed in ps/[nm-km]

Because of chromatic dispersion, the transmission length is inversely proportional to the

square of the bitrate

0.5c
L (NRZ OOK)
D 2 2
0.5c
L (RZ OOK)
2 D 2 2

Condition to compensate the chromatic dispersion

Optical amplifier model (EDFA)

OSNR : Optical signal to noise ratio

the OSNR after N identical spans with identical amplifiers compensating exactly the fiber
loss is given by

OSNRdB P0dBm GdB FdB 10log10 N 58

BER for OOK and BPSK

OOK BPSK
Power P 0.5 PRX PLO
limited BER Q 0.7 RX BER Q
T T
link
OSNR 12.5 109 12.5 109 B0
limited BER Q 0.75 OSNR BER Q OSNR
Be B Rb
link e

OSNR is the signal OSNR ( with optical noise power measured over 12.5GHz
bandwidth) at the optical receiver input
B is the electrical bandwidth of the optical receiver
e
B is the optical signal bandwidth
0
Rb is the bit rate
2 T
is the receiver thermal noise
PRX is the signal optical received power
PLO is the local oscillator optical power