Vest Nik 322

ISSN 2075-6941
..
(29) 3
2015
1970
-7
1966 2026
-9 -
2018
-
50
1971

-3
2018
-2018 ..

2016
-1

.
:

;

.
2018
-2
:

;

.
:
,
;

;
;
.
2022
-

,
.
, .
.

.

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

..
2015 3 (29)

..., ..
-
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
.. .. ..., ..
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

..
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
... ..
.. ..
. (50-
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ... ..
.., ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ... ..
.., .., .., .. .
- , ... . . . 17
... ..
.., .., -.. ... ..
( - ..
..). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ... ..
.., .., .., ..
- .. .
... ..
50- ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ..
.., .., ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ..
.., .., .., ..
.. . . . . 39
..
.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ...,
.., .., .., .., ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
..
.., .., .., .. .-. ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
.., .., .., .., .., .., ..-.., ..
.., ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ..
..
. . . . . . . 64
..., ..
.., .., .. ..
..
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 .-. ..
..
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
..., ..
.., .., .., .., .., .., ..
..
..., ..
(50- ..). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
.., .. ..., ..
67/ . . . . . . . . . . . 81
.., ..
.
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 ..
.., .., .., ..
- ..
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
.., .., .., ..
..., ..
, ... ..
, . . . . .107
.., .. ..., ..
- 1 . . . . . . . 114
.., .., .., .. .-. ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 ..
..

- (50- ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
.., .., ..

(50- ..). . . . . . . . . . . 132
.., .., ..

... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

(), - . ..
http://www.elibrary.ru

. .. . .
7755759
28 2013.
http://www.vestnik.laspace.ru
37156 ()
. ..

-
2009
: 141400 ., ., . , .24
: (495) 575 55 63, (495) 575 54 69
: (495) 572 00 68
: vestnik@laspace.ru
: http://www.vestnik.laspace.ru
2015 3 (29)
professor
NPO IMENIS.A. LAVOCHKINA
hief editor d.eng.,

..Pichkhadze
COSMONAUTICSandROCKETENGINEERING
t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
Congratulations ofI.A.Komarov, Head of the Federal Space Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
deputy chief editor Congratulations ofV.E.Fortov, the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Congratulation of Yu.V.Vlasov, Interim Director General of the United Rocket and Space Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . 5
d.eng., professor V.V.Efanov Congratulations of S.A. Lemeshevskiy, Director General of the Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association,
and V.V. Khartov, Designer General of the Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
e d i t o r i a l b o a r d Congratulations ofA.V.Degtyarev, Designer General and Director General ofM.K.Yangel
Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
c.sc. (eng.) P.A.Greshilov KhartovV.V.
V.M.Davydov From exploration to deployment of Moon resources. Yesterday and tomorrow (in tribute
to 50th anniversary of space activity of Lavochkin Association). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
d.eng. K.A.Zanin ChvanovV.., SudakovV.S.
Our neighbors from Khimki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
c.sc. (ec.) K.Z.Karchayev ZelenyiL.M., KhartovV.V., ZastenkerG.N., KovrazhkinR.A. et al.
Study of solar-terrestrial relationship by means of Spacecraft built by Lavochkin Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
c.sc. (eng.) .B.Martynov PenyazkovO.G., AstashynskiV.M., Danilova-TretiakS.M.
c.sc. (eng.) ..Moisheev Lets conquer space together (on cooperation between.V.Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute
of the NAS of Belarus and Lavochkin Association). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
d.eng. ..Nazarov MurashkoV.., Kozubskiy.N.VertakovN.., Koryakin.I.
On scientific and technical cooperation between Lavochkin Association and Fakel EDB.
c.sc. (ec.) V.M.Romanov In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Lavochkin Association space activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
.V.Savchenko KochuraS.G., KuzoroV.I., ShanavrinV.S.
The successful experience of cooperation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
S.N.Solodovnikov Gafarov.., Golovin Yu.., PonomarevN.B., RebrovS.G.
Fifty year collaboration in space area between Lavochkin Association and Keldysh Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
e d i t o r i a l c o u n c i l Timchenko.Yu.
On the cooperation between Lavochkin Association andM.K.Yangel Yuzhnoye Design Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
hairman d.eng., Kotomin.., DushenokS.A., DemyanenkoD.B., EfanovV.V., GorovtsovV.V.
professor V.V.Khartov Anew generation of spacecraft pyroautomatic systems as the result of successful cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
VerbitskayaN.F., DmitrievV.V., Kobzev Yu.N., LuptakovB.V.
corresponding The main results of the cooperation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
SyrovA.S., SmirnovV.V., SokolovV.N., IodkoG.S., MischihinV.V., KosobokovV.N.,
member RAN ..Alifanov ShatskyM.A., DobryninD.A.
The Navigator platform on-board control system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
doctor of physical and mathematical DegtyarV.G.
sciences, professor V.V.Asmus Usage of submarine ballistic rockets practical launches for scientific studies and creation of new technologies. . . 64
Melnichuk.D.Popesku.P.Nazarov..
academician RAN ..Boyarchuk The milestones of cooperation between Lavochkin Association and Main Test Spaces Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Lebedev.L.
d.eng., professor B.I.Glazov Practical training at Lavochkin Association premises experience for the future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
academician RAN L..Zelenyi RulevS.V., LebedevA.G., NikolaevA.V., ShulgaV.M., TelepnevP.P., KuznetsovD.A., ErmakovV.Yu.
Weight measuring devices for fueling the tanks of Fregat Upper Stage
corresponding (in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Lavochkin Association space activities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
ZelenyiL.., sanfomalitiL.V.
member ANRT H.I.Ibadinov From the Vega mission near Comet Halley to the Rosetta mission near comet 67P/ Churyumov Gerasimenko. . . . . 81
d.eng., professor ..Lyubomudrov ZelenyiL.., Zaitsev Yu.I.
The Vega mission: the way it was. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
academician RAN .Y.Marov Ageenko Yu.I., PaninI.G., PeginI.V., ChesnokovD.V.
Low-thrust liquid rocket engines with deflector centrifugal scheme of mixture formation
d.eng., professor Y..Matveev for spacecraft by Lavockin Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
d.eng., professor V.Y.Meleshko DanilukA.Yu., KlyushnikovV.Yu., KuznetsovI.I., OsadchenkoA.S.
Requirements for appearance and basic design parameters of the micro-rocket complex,
academician NASB O.G.Penyazkov designed for launch of nano, pico and femto-size small spacecraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Gektin Yu.M., SelivanovA.S.
academician RAN G..Popov Multi-zone scanning device for the Electro-L 1 geostationary meteo satellite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
d.eng., professor V..Usachov KochuraS.G., ShkolniyV.N., SuntsovS.B., EfremovS.V.
The development of onboard harness new technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
d.eng. V.S.Finchenko Koshkin.I.
The gas-jet propulsion system for microsatellites of Pulsar and Interball programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
d.eng., professor .N.Khokhlachev Nazarov..
Orbital arrangement and control of the rctika- innovative space system orbital structure
corresponding (in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Lavochkin Association space activities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
member RAN B..Shustov ShestikhinV.I., Nazarov.., Zelenevskiy Yu.V.
On issue of stabilization of the clusters of high-orbital satellites for continuous observations
academician NASU Ya.S.Yatskiv (in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Lavochkin Association space activities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Seleznev.P., SmirnovI.N., Dorodnikov..
Development and firing tests of monopropellant and bipropellant low-thrust engines by Isayev
Chemical Engineering Design Bureau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
the journal is a reviewed the journal is a reviewed publication
publication the journal is included into data base Russian Index of Scientific Citation (RISC) located at
ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY, internet link http://www.elibrary.ru
the journal is in the list of editions, authorized by the SUPREME CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE OF
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION to publish the works of those applying for ascientific degree
f o u n d e r the opinion of editorial staff not always coincide with authors viewpoint
editorial staff is not responsible for the content of any advertisements
FSUE LAVOCHKIN ASSOCIATION manuscripts are not returned
the journal is registered in Federal Ser- no part of this publication may be reprinted without reference to Space journal of VESTNIK NPO
vice for telecommunications and mass IM. S.A. LAVOCHKINA
post-graduates have not to pay for the publication of articles
media oversight. magazine articles and features required of author manuscript design are available at Internet Site
certificate 7755759 http://www.vestnik.laspace.ru
dated october 28, 2013 subscription index 37156 in catalogue GAZETY I JOURNALY (ROSPECHAT)
FSUE LAVOCHKIN ASSOCIATION
article writers
scientific and technical quarterly journal
published since 2009
editorial office address: 141400 Moscow region, Khimki,
Leningradskaya str., 24
phone: (495) 575 55 63, (495) 575 54 69, fax: (495) 572 00 68
e-mail: vestnik@laspace.ru
internet: http://www.vestnik.laspace.ru
3.2015

.. 50-
-
- ... -
,
- , - -
.
- , -

. -
, . , .
, .
. ,

.
, -
.
-,
. -
-, -, 2018 -
.
- -. , -
.
-
.. 50- -
, , -
, .

..
3

..
50-
-
.. -
.
-
, -
- , -
-
-

. -
-
, , ,
- .
-

. -
, -
.
-
.
..
-
.
-
, -
.
.
.. 50- -
- -
.
,
..
4
3.2015

-

.. 50-
1965 -
.. ( ..-
) .
-1
.
9, . , ,
-1, , .
. -
. -16
, , -1, -2,
,
.
-1.
- ,
. -
-, -, -, - . -
, - .

, -
.
, .
- -
.. 50- -
.
..
5

..

..
50-
, 50 . ,
, , , -
. ,
, - .
, ,
. ,
, . - -
,
. ,
.
, , , , -
, . , -
, , ,
. , , , -
. ,
, .
50 . ,
.
, !
.. ..
6
3.2015

..,
,
.. 50-
..!
.. ..
50- !
,
,
, ,
, .
1965 . -
, ,
, . ,
.
, ,
-
. . -
-
. -

, , .
, -
, , .
, -
,
.
-
, .

- - .
..-
, -
, , , , .
, -
, .

.. ..
7
629.78(091)
From exploration to
. deployment of Moon resources.
Yesterday and tomorrow
(50- (in tribute to 50th anniversary
of space activity of Lavochkin
..) Association)
..1,
,
,
khartov@laspace.ru;
V.V.Khartov
The projects of advanced and farsighted moon

automatic vehicles and scientific objectives which can
, . be realized by means of these vehicles are represented.
The beginning of space activity of Lavochkin
... Association is described.
: ; Key words: Moon;
; fundamental space researches;
moon vehicles.
1965 - ,
. -
,
-
. , .. ( , -
.. -
) .
-
- ..
. , -
. - ,
.
-1, .. .
-1 .. -
- , ,
. - - .. -
. -
1
.. , , - Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia,
, . . Moscow region, Khimki.
8
3.2015

-5, -7, -250
(), -
, -
.
1966 -9,
-
.
1.
2. -16
-
1. -9
..
, -
-
. (-9, -10,
-10.
-11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -1, -2)
, 1970 , - -
(-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7), -

;
( )

-7 -
(.., .., 2014;
,
500, , 2010).
100 . -
- ,
. ,
- - . XXI -
- (2011)
, () (2014), -
. - . -

- - (2011)
. ,
- ,
, -- (2011).
(-16, -
-20, -24) (.., .. ., 2010), .
, - -
, (-17, -21). - - ,
2 -16. . 2000 ,
9
.
(50- ..)

2020

2019
-28
(--2)

2018 ()
-27
(--)

,

-26
(--)

-25
(-)

,

3.
- ..);
; -
110 . ;
- - -
20162025 . , ,
- .

. , , -
, - ,
, ( )
, - ,
.
. -
- - , , ,
- ,
(
-16, -24) . -
-
. - -
-
.
. , -
20162025 . ..
(, ,
. -
10
3.2015

( = 100 )

180180

4. -25
( - -2 . -
). -
.
3 18, -
. - . , -
, 1976 ( , -
-24). ,
-25
(-). -
- .
-
-25 4.
, ,

-
-

. -
. .
: 2019
-- - -26 (-
-1 ).
;
--
. ,
. (~160 ),
2018 -
.
11
.
(50- ..)
: -25
-- ; -27 ,
-- -
; :
-- -- -
; ;
-- ; -- ,
-- , 5 ( -25
3015 );
; -- ,
--
( ). ;
2020 - --
-27 (- .
-1 ). -
- -
, - , .
-
20162025.
. -27
-
: -
,
-- , ,
.
-
.
, -
. -
2 -
, -
, -
,
;
-
-- (, -
.
.)

;
.
-- , -
- -
- -.
; .
-- , -
, -
. . -

. .
-
, -
. ,
( - .
) - 5 -
.
, -
. - -
-
. , - .
- -

1 . -
12
3.2015
-,

100

5. -
- 200
, 80 ,
, , - 16 ,
, 13.
.
-
. -
- //
. . - . , . ..
. - . , . ... .: -
-.2010. 660 .
- .., .. //
, - .. . 2014. 4.
- .16-23.
. - .., .. .

- ( 45- -
- . .. 40- -16
, - -17)// ..-
.. .2010. 4. .5-12.
-
. 50 - 22.04.2015.
13
629.78(091)
Our neighbors from Khimki
..1, ..1,
, vssudakov@gmail.com;
, V.S.Sudakov
energo@online.ru;
V..Chvanov
The article is devoted to the history of building
, of the two companies in Khimki, their joint work firstly
, - in the aviation domain, then in the field of the rocket-
. space technologies.
: ; ; Key words: aircrafts; rocket engines;
; ; antiaircraft missiles; spacecrafts;
-. launch vehicles.
, 30- , 1936 84 -
, DC-3 .
, , -
- -84 ( 84- ). -
: .. 1939- . -
... -84 -2.
1932 ,
- , .
- 1937 -
65 , 1939- (
. .., 2004).
- , - -
. 65 1937 -
1932 , - , .
301.
. 1932
. - -2 ..-
-3 -9. - . 1939
65 1934 . , 1940 -
1933 65 84. -
1934 84 - -301.
41 - -1,
.. . -3.
- 1940 -3 -
. 193537 . - .
- -5 -7 -
. - ... .. , -
1
.. , JSC NPO Energomash named after academician
, , . . V.P. Glushko Russia, Moscow region, Khimki.
14
3.2015
, - , .
( .. ..
. .., 2007). 1947
, - -1 -2 -
, 120 130 (
- . -7 -9) .

.
.. - 18 1946
- 120 -
- .. -1
. ...
-2 - , 1946
22 .. -
1944 ,
.. 456. -
.. -1 1941 84.
300 -3 -7, ..- 1943,
-7.
.. (19411945) - -4 (-3). -
. 1943 -
.. -.
.., 1950 -301 ..
-1
. . -
.., , ..
- .., -

. - . -
, . - .
1954 -

. ,
, .
- .., ..-
. .. - : . ..
-1, , , - ( 350), -
(.., 1977). -012
1945 -670 .. , -
-7, -3 -7 - 2.1150
-1 -1. () .. , -23
.. ,
: -7 -018 -670 .. -
6300 795 /, ,
165 / -1. -456 ... -
1945 .
-2 600 , -
... - -
1946 , , ,
-1
-7.
- -
. -7 ( -
() , 2014).
, - -456 ..-
-
(). - - -
1 1946 , . 40- 60-
-
-1, -2, -5, -7, -9, -12 .
15

-
107 -108 -7, ...

- .. , -
: , , ,
, , .
- .
1900, - -
, 90%-
, , -
. 12000 - 45% -
-107/108 .
. , -
1965 -456 -
-253, - ,
,
, - - .
- .. -
.
- ,
, -
1965 - -
. ..
1965 -301 ..
, !
-1 .

-301 .. .. . .: -
- - , 1977. 504 .
. - -
- / .. . .:
, , 2014. 919.
- . .. /
. . . , -
-9 .. . : --
, 2007. 384 .
1966 . -1 -2 .. .
- / . .. -
. -301 - . .: / -,
, - 2004. 488 .
.., .., ..,
. ..
-7 - -
. // . ..-
-3 .2009. 2. .3-7.
.., .., ..,
( .. ., 2010; - .. . -
.. ., 2009; PolishchukG.M. et al., 2011). ( 45-
. .. -
, - 40- -16 -17 //
-301, - . ...2010. 4.
, .5-12.
.., Polishchuk G.M., Pichkhadze K.M., Efanov V.V.,
- MartynovM.B.Space modules of Phobos-Grunt complex
-301. -107/108 for prospective interplanetary stations // Solar System
- Research.2011. Vol.45, 7. .589-592.
-7, -253
- 03.02.2014.
16
629.78.001.5 3.2015
- Study of solar-terrestrial
relationship by means
, of Spacecraft built by
.. Lavochkin Association
..1, ..2, ..1, ..1, ..1,

L.M.Zelenyi V.V.Khartov G.N.Zastenker R.A.Kovrazhkin A.A.Petrukovich
..1, ..2, ..2, ..2, ..2,

A.A.Galeev V.E.Babyshkin M.I.Artyukhov ..Shirshakov V..Molodtsov
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

M.I.Shevchenko M.N.Bojarskii E.A.Gavrilova L.S.Chesalin V.I.Prokhorenko
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

V.N.Nazarov B.S.Novikov N.L.Borodkova Yu.I.Yermolaev O.L.Vaysberg
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, .3,

M.I.Verigin Ju.N.Agafonov N.A.Eismont V.N.Lutsenko K.Kudela
.3, .4, .4, .4, .5,

J.Balaz Z.Nemecek J.Safrankova L.Prech Y.Vojta
The article overviews a big series of researches in the

- , field of solar-terrestrial relationship using Spacecraft
, developed and manufactured by Lavochkin Association.
... The specified researches have made a significant
contribution to the knowledge of Suns disturbances,
, interplanetary medium as well as the Earths
. magnetosphere.
: ; Key words: Suns disturbances; interplanetary medium;
; ; . solar wind; the Earths magnetosphere.
, () - -
( ,
, ), -
, -
, , .. (),
. 1972 -
-
, .
. , .
1
, - 3
-
, . . , .
Space Research Institute of RAS, Russia, Moscow. Institute of Experimental Physics of Slovak Academy of
2
.. , , - Sciences, Slovakia.
, . . 4
, , . .
Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia, Charles University, Czech Republic, Prague.
Moscow region, Khimki. 5
, -
, . .
Institute of Atmospheric Physics AS CR, Czech Republic,
Prague.
17
- ,
..
1.
, -
( 100 1000 )
( .., .., -
1 10 .., 1996).
2
3 6
-

5 11
7 -
-
-
4
.
10 8
9 6
SPS
1 ; 2 ;
3 ; 4 ;
5 ; 6 ;
7 ; 8 ;
9 ; 10 ;
11 . VDP
RF
1. MPS
-2
SPS, MPS ;
VDP ;
-2 RF .
2.
, - -4

. 2. ,
, -
, ,

-
,
. -
- , -
-
,
.
, - -
,
, - , -
, - -
( -
. (.., .., .
.., 1996).
- 3.
, -2 ,
(-1 -2) -
-9
-
(
-4 -5 (. )
( .., ., ., - 1972 . -
.., 1996). - -
. , .
18
3.2015
3.1. 1972 : 3
2610^32 , 4 6010^16 .
,

1972 , -
, . , -
, ,
1972 -

-
. -
.

2 7 1972
3.2. ,
4 8 -

().
-
- -
-3
-2, -9. -
-9 -10 ( .., ,
., .. ., 1976; Cambou F., , -
VaisbergO., EspagneH. et al.,1975). -7.
3 - -
( , -
) - ,
412- (-
1972 . .., .., .. ., 1990).

.
1700 , , -
1300
Ta/Tp Va-Vp
-7
V, 1
900 IMP6-8 OGO-5.

-7 -
500
,
106
-
,
104
.
101
N, 3
3.3.
101
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3. - , , -
412 1972 ,
-2.
( 0.01%
-

) .
-
- ,
-
: .
150 . -3; , -
10 . ; - ,
1700 / ( -
- ,
2000 / ,
). , ,
- -
, - .
19
- ,
..
( -
- ) , ,
- 510-3 -
-7 110-4 .
-
, -
, -
, - 1978
, , (260310 /),
(.., .., - (24 ) -
.. ., 1984). (1030 -3).
, -
, , - -
, -
( . ,
). -
, -
, (30%) .
4. -
-
N,
.

106
+7 +6 16
O -
0.8 2.8.,
105

,

+9 +8 +7 Si
18
, .. .
10 4
He2+
4
3.4.
( )
1985
103
, -
, -
S
32
+10+9+8
-
102 ,
+13+12+11+10+9 +8 +7 +6
.
Fe
56

101 -
,
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M/q (
4. . ) -
, , , .
, -
-10 -
1985 . -
-
(16) (..,
+6 +7, Si(18) c - .., . ., 1986), -
+9, +8 +7, S(32) +9, . ..
+8 +7 Fe(56) - ( . , 2012)
+13 +16. .
20
3.2015
( -
-10 : ) -
--
-
, - ; :
-- ( 0.5 30 ) --
;
-- -
; ,
-- ; ,
-- , - ( )
- ;

-- ( 1 ) -
;
(), -
-- -

;

--
;
;
-- -- ( )

.
. -

.
, -
- 3.5. ,
. -1

- -
- -1 199596.
. -
,
- WIND
5. IMP-8,

102
ZSE
103 , -
20 ( .., .., . .
100 2
10 103
101 ., 1998; . ,
103 103
102
102 103 2012).
101 101 10 -
100
102 103 -
103
102
5 - -
104 .
100 5 10 15 20 25 YSE
102 103 20
102
102 200 Re Xgse +35 25 Re Ygse.
10 0 , Xgse ,
102 103 100
102 103 Ygse
.
5. , -
, , -

. - , ,
, -
.
21
- ,
..
3.6.
( 1400 ) - -1
- -2
0.73. ,
( , - -
Xgse Ygse, ,
) - -,
, , , -,
. () . -

:
-
-- -
0.88.
6 - ;
- -- -
-1/IMP-8 () -
-1/WIND () ;
-- ,
. , -
;
. --
-
;
rmax --
1.0 ;
-- , -
.
0.8

.
0.6 3.6.1.

,
0.4 -
. -2 -
-1 -2 -
0.2 ,
,
. -
,
0 2 4 6 8 .
FINT, 10 (2)1
8 ,

6. -
, -1 () (Lutsenko V.N., Gavrilova E.A., 2011).
IMP-8 () -1 WIND (- -
). -
1:2:(56), 7.
-
, - (H+, He+2, CNO+5-6)
,
, ,
. -
. (~1000
22
3.2015
E, keV 120
104 ;
E=101.4 keV
b) FWHM=31% .
103 , -
E=213.6 keV
FWHM=29% ,
(), -
J, (cm2ssrkeV)1
102
-
.
101 E=586.2 keV (.., -
FWHM=46% .., .., .., 2007) -
Interball-1, 16.04.1996
, ..:
100
2p, 18.43 UT, dT=35 s WN~NA , (WN N-, A~1.33),
in the Magnetosheath
,
101
10 100 1000 A[0.61; 1.75] -
E, keV Kp AE. -
7. Ez, ,
-
( .., -
) .., .., 2012)
. -
, (A>1.33
, - A<1.33 ).
. , - (TDIS)
(13 ) -
, 230 , -
80100 . ;
. TDIS .
- VDIS ,

, -
-

(50120 R,
, . -
R ) -
-
, -
, -
TDIS -
(Lutsenko V.N.,
GavrilovaE.A., 2011). (830 R), -
3.6.2. (VDIS TDIS)
.
8 -

-

. : - -;
-
- -; -
-
- (- - nT;
. -2
;
(VDIS VDIS; -
TDIS), TDIS; - ; +
- ; -; - -
(KovrazhkinR.A., SauvaudJ.A.,
2004). /2 ;
(VDIS) ; ILAT ; MLT
(520 ), - ).
23
- ,
..
1000
AE
500
0
AO
500
12 18 UT
13.09.1997 1579
7.1
()
10
1
e
6.0
0.1
180

90 5.4
0
10 6.6
()
6.0
1
+
0.1
5.4
90

0
UT 16:48 16:58 17:08 18:00 18:20 18:40
H 12992 14228 15310 18700 19077 18960
ILAT 69.85 71.22 72.00 71.00 69.52 67.70
MLT 20.69 21.37 22.00 0.44 1.08 1.61
8.
3.7. ( , ,
..). , ,
( -

) ( )

( .., ..,
Bz<0.
.. ., 2007).
,
,

, -
. - ,
. (-
(Bz<0) , .., .., .. ., 1987)
,
.
.
, , ( .., -
, - .., .. ., 2007) -
, -,
Bz- , . -
9 ,
(.., .., .. -
., 1987) (.. -
( Dst- ), , -,
) - -
Bz ,
24
3.2015

V, / , -

-
30 (..,
., . ., 2013). -
700 -
-
.
(.., -
., . ., 2013; ..,
.., .. ., 2013; -
.., .., .. -
500 -, 2012).
,
, ,
,
.
10 -

300 .
40 20 0 20 40
4.7
, 108 21
4.6
9.
4.5
4.4
Bz<0 (.. 4.3

8
)
. 7.5
,
, - 7
(.. Bz<0)
6.5
,
(.. ) - 6
55
.
,
50
( -
45
) CME ( -
) 4060% , 11:40:15 11:40:20 11:40:25 11:40:30 11:40:35
UT
. , - 10.
-

. -
, -
3.8. -
- 1 5 .
- ,
- (. 11)
- ,
-, 2011 . -
, ( p1) -
- ( p2) -
, - 13 .
25
- ,
..
11.40.1511.40.45 UT 0.4 , ,
10 0
, .
p1 = 0.58
( 30 ,

p2 = 3.47 )
, -

50 500 -
p1 = 1.71
102 p2 = 3.90 200 .
,
.
, -
(.., -
104
., . ., 2013),
-
102 101 100 101 102 (-

)
11. . -

,
, -
(). , .
- - -
, , ,
(300600 /) , .

. 3 .
12 - 13 -
40- ,
-
. 2.5% 8%.
3 .
october 24, 2011 ,
0.7
10 ,
9 (310) .
0.6 ,
8

7
0.5 , -
, . .
, .
6 , ,
, -
5 0.4
, ,
4 ,
0.3 , 1000 , , ,
3
.
2
0.2
Na/Np, %
1 9
BMSW 8
0 0.1
18:27:52 18:27:53 18:27:54 18:27:55 18:27:56 7
UT
6
12.
5
4
, -
3
0.2 . - 2
4:00 4:10 4:20 4:30 4:40
- 07.10.2011, UT
- 13.
26
3.2015
. .. . 2. -
// . ..-

.2012. 5. .4-11.
-
.., .., . .
,
-

-
- ,
// .1986. .24, 2.
-
.151-165.
, -
.., .., .. .
.. ,
- , -
, ,
, // .1998. .36,
. 3. .228-240.
- .., .., ..,
.. ., -
, - //
. ...2012. 3. .22-27.
, (- .., ., . .
) .
// -
- .2013. .51, 2. .1-12.
.. - .., .., ..,
, - .. -
. // -
.2007. .85, .4. .225-231.
.., .., ..
. -
.., ., ., - - // . 2013.
.. // // .51, 2. .83-87.
.1996. .34, 4. .371- .., .., .. -
380. -
.., .., .. // . 2012.
. .95, .5. .258-262.
// .., .., .. . -

. .: , 1984. .73-80.
.., ., .. . - -9 // . 1987.

.25, 1. .93-102.
1972 //
.., .., .. -
. .:
-2
, 1977. .155-174.
// -
.., .., .. .
.1996. .34, 4. .363-370.
-
Cambou F., Vaisberg O., Espagne H. et al.
, //
Characteristics of interplanetary plasma near the Earth
.2007. .45, 6. .489-498.
.., .., .. . observed during the solar events of August 1972// Space
Research.1975. V. 15. .461.
- Kovrazhkin R.A., Sauvaud J.A. Energy dispersed
-7 // - auroral structures from magnetotail ion beams, in Auroral
.1990. .28, 2. .218-225. phenomena and Solar-terrestrial relations // CAWSES
.. - Handbook-1, Boulder, 2004. P.165-171.
, , LutsenkoV.N., GavrilovaE.A.Properties and the origin
. .. . 1. - of Almost Monoenergetic ion (AMI) beams observed
// . ..- near the Earths bow shock// Ann. Geophys.2011. V.29.
.2012. 4. .24-38. .1439-1454.
.. -
, , 06.05.2015.
27
629.78(091)
Lets conquer space

( together (on cooperation
- between.V.Luikov Heat
.. and Mass Transfer Institute
of the NAS of Belarus
..) and Lavochkin Association)
.., ..1, ..-1,

, - ,
penyaz@dnp.itmo.by; , ast@hmti.ac.by; dts@hmti.ac.by;
O.G.Penyazkov V.M.Astashynski S.M.Danilova-Tretiak
The article summarizes the generic information about

- the joint activities of.V.Luikov Heat and Mass
.. Transfer Institute of the NAS of Belarus and Lavochkin
.., 70- , Association since the 70s as well about the cooperation
. perspectives.
: - Key words: .V.Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer
.. ; Institute of the NAS of Belarus;
..; Lavochkin Association;
; ; thermal protection materials; heat pipes;
. meteoroid protection.
- -
, . , - () ..
..
. -
. -
, , () -
, -
-1 (-
. 1) -4 ( 1) -
1 .
- -1 9 /2. -
, 4
. 15%.
- ..
1
.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the NAS of
, , . . Belarus, Belarus, Minsk.
28
3.2015

.
-
-5, -11,
-14 -47

-

- -
.
, -

.
-5, -11 -14 -
-

. -
-

.

5 -5 -
(
) 4550 /,
-11 400450 /.
-
14 /2 20 /2
.
23 /2 (-
.. ., 1989; .. ., 1989; -
.. ., 1991).
-
-
-
, 2007 , ,
.

-
1. - -
-1 () -4 () -
-
1980- - ( -2) -
.. - (.. ., 2011;
.. .., 2013; .. ., 2009).
- 2 -

, , . - -
qw=0.45 /2,
28 . 3 -
- .
29
( - ..
..)
-
-
,
,

.

-
-2,
,
-
-, -
150
(.. .,
2014). 4 -
2.
1 2

q0=1750 /2 (=30 ).
3. -

2009 2012 . -
- -
-,

-
,
.. -

- .. -

. -
2530% 4. 1: 3,7 ;
( .. ., 2014), 9,6 . 2: 3,3 ; 7,3
( 5
100%) (.. ., 2013). -
-
, 150
. .
30
3.2015
, ..
, -
, .

. -

. .., .., .., -
, , .. ,
-
1970-. 197090. 20 - // . . . .-. . -
-
. . 2013. .59-61.
.., .., .., -
- .. .
(- // . . XI . .
2015 ). .1989. .1. .6-7.
- .., .., ..,
, , ..
, - -
// . ..-
... .2009. 2. .3-7.
- .., .., .., -
.. - .. -

, - // -
, . 2014.
- 24 - .1. .119-122.
410 /. - .., .., .., -
..
-2// . . .-.
(-3) , - . -
-
. -
, - .
.2013.
, .., .., ..,
.. -
-2018,
. ...// . ..-
.2014. 2. .5-12.
, - .., .., ..-
-
// . 2011. . 84, 5.
, - .1040-1045.
. .., .., ..,
..- .. -
.. // . .
, , , , VIII . .
, .1991. .2. .146-147.
- .., .., ..,
- .. .
. // . .
- . .-. .1989. 2. .28-31.
.. -
, 14.04.2015.
31
629.78.05.062.036
- On scientific and technical

cooperation between Lavochkin
.. Association and Fakel EDB.
. 50- In commemoration of the
50th anniversary of Lavochkin
.. Association space activities
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

info@fakel-russia.com; info@fakel-russia.com;
, , N..Vertakov .I.Koryakin
info@fakel-russia.com; info@fakel-russia.com;
V..Murashko .N.Kozubskiy
The article summarizes the main results

.. of the cooperation between Lavochkin Association,
the prime for design and development
of automated spacecraft for research in near
and deep space, and Fakel EDB,
the leading organization on development
of low-thrust electrojet engines for motion
. control in space.
: ..; Key words: Lavochkin Association;
; ; Lunokhod; electrojet engines;
; . hydrazine engines; Fakel EDB.
2014
, 100- () -
.

, - 1.
, 60- .
-
... : ,
60- , 1956
- .
- , -
1
, - FSUE Experimental Design Bureau Fakel, Russia,
, . . Kaliningrad.
32
3.2015
, - 2.
(). ...
60- -
-1 .
-1, - 60- (
.. )
.
1964 - ( 1). -
: , -
, - .
- 300- -
-
.., - .17 1970 -
I (1998). -1
.. - .
.. -

-
()
...
70- -

( .. ., 1974; .. .,
2003).
, -
,
.. . 80-
-

- ;
, .
1.
-
() . -
-100 3.

15 (BoberA.S. et
al., 1993).
-
(.., . -
2013). 50- (StuhlingerE.,
- 1960). -
.. 30 - .. -
. -
-
352 ( .. ., 2013).
100000 -
3000 . . 2 -
60% - 2003
- Smart-1.
.

- PPS-1350
. 24- SEP (). -
-70
. ...
33
- .. .
50- ..
3. 3D-
-.

-
.

- 150 -
2. - -
Smart-1 , 2003 .
-70 - (.. ., 2014). 4 -
.., 1997 -290 -40,
-140 ,
- - .
-

. -
-140 4,5,
. -
, -
9000 .
.
.. -

. ,
,
-140 - -
() - -

()
( .. ., 2014).
-
140, 4. -290 -40,
: 140 , -
34...+14 - -
15 . -
() - 4.
-
-
-140. 3 70--
- -
,
3D- ( .. ). -
-.
34
3.2015

350. -
, - 50-10.1, 500
() ()
. -
- .. ( 6, 7).
-

,
...
2012 30- -

.

10 500 (-
.., 2007).
,
-
. 30-
..
6. -
- 500 50-10.6
. 5
,

...
7.
-, ,
-
10
-
. ,
50-10.1
2,5 , 500 7,5
.
5.
. ,
.. . -
-
- - -

. -

- ...
.., - -
- ..
- - -
50-10.5 -
.
35
- .. .
50- ..
8. 50-10.5. , - (3),
( 8). //
(1) -
(3) , - ,
. .2007.
.., .., .., -
. : .. .
50-10.5 - -
50-10.1, -
//
, . ....2013. 4. .68-74.
1 3 .., .., .., -
- (3), .. . //
. .2003. .29, 3. .277-292.
.. -
-
-
.. , -
, - // .2013.
, 1. .56-64.
.., K.H., ..-

, , //
.2014. .21, 2. .49-54.
. BoberA.S., KozubskiiK.N., KomarovG.A., KozlovA.G.
et al. Development and Qualification Test of an SPT
Electric Propulsion System for Gals Spacecraft //

IEPC, 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference,
.., .., .., Seattle, Washington, 1993. . 108-115. URL: http://
.. . // - erps.spacegrant.org/uploads/images/images/iepc_
.1974. .12, 3. .451-468. articledownload_1988-2007/1993index/IEPC1993-008.
.., .., .., .. pdf ( : 16.03.2015).
. - StuhlingerE.Lunar Ferry with Electrical Propulsion
1030 System// Japanese Rocket Society. Tokyo, Japan.1959.
-140// Proceedings of the first international symposium, held
.2014. 1 (4). .48-59. in Tokyo, in 1959. Published by Yokendo, Tokyo, 1960,
.. 224p.
-
- 24.03.2015.
36
629.78.064.56 3.2015
The successful experience

of cooperation
..1, ..1, ..1,

, kvi@iss-reshetnev.ru; shanavrin@iss-reshetnev.ru;
kochura@iss-reshetnev.ru; V.I.Kuzoro V.S.Shanavrin
S.G.Kochura
The article overviews the successful experience

of the cooperation between the space industry
enterprises in Russia in the field of development
. of solar arrays for spacecraft.
: Key words:
; spacecraft;
; solar array;
; gallium arsenide;
. power efficiency.
..- , -
() 30- - -
. -
- .
.. -
-
.
- .
2004 . ()
.. , -
-
(). - .
- - , ,
- - -
(.. ., 2011; . -
.., 2011). , , -
- , 1
1
- Academician M.F. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems,
.. , , Russia, Krasnoyarsk region, Zheleznogorsk.
, . .
37

, / -- -
. ;
, - -- -
, -
, ,
;
. -- -
- ,
-
. .
- , -

( ), . ,
: -
-- -
, , , .
;
-- - :
, -- 2011
; -, - 1;
-- - --
- 2, 3, -,
; -, -;
-- -- -
. , -400,
- -.
.. - -
, -
.
.
, ,
, . . -
- ,
, -
, .
-
.
- .., .., ..,
, - .. . (
- -) .
. //
- . ...2011. 3. .11-18.
.. , .. -
, -
- // . ..-
. - .2011. 1. .3-8.
..
: 03.04.2015.
38
629.7:621.45 3.2015
Fifty year collaboration

in space area between
and Keldysh Center
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

, , , ,
kerc@elnet.msk.ru; kerc@elnet.msk.ru, kerc@elnet.msk.ru, kerc@elnet.msk.ru;
..Gafarov uragol50@mail.ru; ponom@km.ru; S.G.Rebrov
Yu..Golovin N.B.Ponomarev
The joint efforts of the two enterprises have

allowed solving of the complex problems
, of providing the thermal conditions, development
, of onboard equipment for spacecraft for various
applications, radiation safety assurance
. of radioisotope power devices. The fruitful
. collaboration is being continued and developed.
: ; Key words: spacecraft;
; ; thermal conditions; onboard equipment;
; thermal vacuum tests;
; radioisotope heat unit;
. radiation safety assurance.
1933 -
- . -
,
-
- ( ..-
.. ( ) , 2003; .., .., 2012).
- - -
..
( -
, - )
. .. - 1960-, -
-3 , -
,
1
.. - SSC FSUE Keldysh Research Centre, Russia, Moscow.
, , . .
39

..
() (- 400. 323
.., .., 2012; .., 2014). . -
() -4,
-5, -6, ..
.. 1967 -
1969 ., , , -
. - .
-9, -10
. -
-75 ( 2), 22
- 25 1975
. - -
, .
,
- ( ,
. 23 ).
1970 -
, -
-
, : . -
770 , 10 , - , -
400 g. -
- 120
- 500. -
,
, -
- ,
. .

,
,
-
. -
-
22 1972 -8
-72 (-
1).
2. -75 -

-
-
.
1. -72 63
. ,
-8 -
- ~18%,
. ~3% ,
5,52,5 -
40
3.2015
. , . 1 -
6550, - 0,5...1/
5010. - . -
. - -

, - , -
, .
( .. ., 1976; .., 1979;
Golovin Yu.M. et al., 1980; EkonomovA.P. et al., 1980). -
.. .
-9, -10 -
(- -
) - .
( 3). -
,
,
.
-
-

( 4). -
-
-210 -
.

-
1969 . -
-
-238,
-96 (-
.., 2003; -
3.
.., 2004).

, -
. -
(
37 ) , -
-
. ,
500
10 -
400g. -
1,3
. 4.
. - : ;
-
.
-
, - ..
.
. () ( 5),
, , -
2000, - 25 3 , -
41

..
5.
.
- .
, . , -
~100
- -
2014 .
- 500 , -
- 5,4 .
.. -
() -
. - 2005
..
5.92, -

.. 1970-
,
()
, -
.
.
+ , .. -

- ,
( 6). ,
500
2000 - . -
,
() 200 ( 4,3
) 200 7,3...7,4
( 6). - 500 .

2,6 , - ..
( 40 )
42
3.2015
-
:
(0,5 -1)
(0,25 -1).
-
..-

( .., 2011; -
.. .., 2009). ,

-
-.

-
6. 5.92, -
: ; 200 ...

..-
- -
()
. .. - -
() ( .. ., 2015).
()
- , -
- ,
- (-)
-. ( 7).
- - - ,
-
: -
-- :
-- -
- ( ), -
- ; -
-- ;
; -- ,
-- -
; .
-
-- -
,
;
-
-- -
, .
;
-
-- ; -
-- ; :
-- - -- ;
; -- ;
-- , --
; ;
-- ; -- ,
-- , - , -
. .
- -
(GIFTS MTG- -
IRS). , - ,
43

..

0,510
7.
, - ..
: //
.1979. .17, 3. C.471-
, - 474.
- .., //
. . ...2014. 4.
- , - .29-32.
, , - .., .. -
- //
-
. ...2012. 4.

.74-80.
,
...
..
70 -
- / .: .., .. .
. .: , 2003. 440 .
.., .., ..,
..
- -
.., .., .., // . ..-
.. . .2009. 2. .3-7.

..

-
-9 -10//
// ..-
.1976. 3. .579-582.
.., .., .., - .2011. 3. .3-10.
.. . - EkonomovA.P., Golovin Yu.M., MoshkinB.E.Visible
Radiation Observed Near the Surface of Venus: Results
and Their Interpretation// Icarus.1980. 41. .65-75.
// Golovin Yu.M., Ekonomov A.P., Moroz V.I.,
. ...2015. 1. .34-40. Moshkin B.E. et al. Spectrum of the Venus day sky //
.. : - Nature.1980. V.284. .243-244.
// .2004.
9. .42-45. 23.03.2015.
44
629.78(091) 3.2015
On the cooperation between

andM.K.Yangel Yuzhnoye
.. Design Office
..1,
info@yuzhnoye.com;
.Yu.Timchenko
The article summarizes the history of cooperation

.. between Lavochkin Association andM.K.Yangel
... Yuzhnoye State Design Office.
: ; Key words: Yuzhnoye Design Office;
; -. Zenit complex; Electro-LSC.
.. -
, - , (-
.. - 14 -
50- ! ), , -

- I .
. -
, .
, 1986
: -
.. - (. ), (. ),
. 13 1985 , - (. -),
- (. ), (. ). -
-
. , -
, .
-
1177, . .. .
- , , -
: - ( ), -
1
M.K. Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Ukraine,
.. , , . Dnepropetrovsk.
.
45
..
..
.
,
.
, -

, (-
.., .., 2011; .., -
.., .., 2014). ..,
-
,
:
, -
,
, -
1. -

.

-3SL
- ,
.. -
.
-

: - , -
.
. -
.. , -
,
.. -
- , () ..-
, . (2). -
.
- , ,
- , .
( ) .. , -
- : ,
. -,
. ,
- -
. -

. , -
. .
-
-:
-- -3SL -
-SL
( ) -
( ..);
-- -3SL
- -

...
-3SL -

, -
-, -
( 1). 2.
46
3.2015
- .
-, -
.. , .
. , -
.. -
, , , -,
. ,
, . , -
... - , -
, - ,
. .. -
- (4).
,
( 3). - : -
,
.. . ,
.. , .
.. , .. , ..
.
.., -
: ,
,
..,

. , ..-

.. .
-
,
. -
,
, , ,
4.
. !
, -
.. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.

.., .., ..
-
//
. .. . 2014. 1.
3. .3-9.
.., .. -
.. , - , , //
: . .. . 2011.
.. 4. .3-7.
- -3SL -
, - 02.04.2015.
47
629.78:621.43.019.8
A new generation of spacecraft

pyroautomatic systems as
the result of successful
cooperation
..1, ..1, ..1,
, , , ,
akotomin@mail.ru; s.dushenok@mail.ru; demdb@mail.ru;
..Kotomin S.A.Dushenok D.B.Demyanenko
.. ,2,3
.. , 2
, , gvv@laspace.ru;
vladimir_efanov@laspace.ru; V.V.Gorovtsov
V.V.Efanov
As a result of the long-term cooperation between Federal
.., () Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Saint-Petersburg
State Technological Institute (Technical University)
. and SKTB Technolog a new generation of spacecraft
pyroautomatic systems has been designed. The separation
systems on the basis of elastic explosive materials have
proved their high efficiency and reliability in the frame of a
. number of Russian and international interplanetary space
and astrophysical programs. The promising devices based
. on the new pyrotechnic compositions have been developed.
: ; Key words: spacecraft;
; separation device and system;
; ; pyro lock; detonation translator;
. high-energy material.
..- ( ),
, () ..,
1978 .. -
. . -
-,
.... - ()
- , -

. , -
, -
1. , , -
. (PolishchukG.M., PichkhadzeK.M.,
EfanovV.V., MartynovM.B., 2011). -
, , -
, ,
. , , ..
- .
1
- - 3
(-
( ), , - ), ,
. ..
Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University),
University), Russia, Saint-Petersburg. Russia, Moscow.
2
.. , , -
, . .
Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia,
Moscow region, Khimki.
48
3.2015
- -- : -
;
. - -- - ;
-- -
;
. - -- - (-
() );
- -- .
, ,
. , -
, ,
, - , -
, dk.
-
. dk 110 , -
-
0,11,0 . dk
- ,

(). - . ,
( -
, , ,
, , -
), dk.
, (,
, , )
(.. dk ~L~D,
., 2001; .. ., 2002). L
- ; D -
- ; .
dk -
, - . dk -
, , - : , -
, , - , ,
, , , , .
. - , , dk -
- ,
, (-
(, , , , ), -
, , , - . , -
) dk ,
- - .
. - -

. , ,
- .
- -
-
:
-- -
, ,
- .
(, , - (-
, , , .. ., 2003; .. ., 2007; -
.); .. ., 2013).
49

1. - (
- 0,20,4 ), (2106 )
. ( 150) , -
.
, (0,10,5 ) (, -
() , , , , .) -

- .
- -
-
. ,
-
.
.
2. - -
(, , 20 250 -
, , , , CL-20, 0,11,4 ,
DNTF, FOX-7) - .
. , -
, ,
, , .
, . -
() - :
. -
, -
, (,
) , -
.
- -
.
3. , -
- ,
,
. -
- ,
, , -
.
,
- -
, . 3,64,5 -
2060 /,
(0,30,5 /).
- :
- (, -
),
, , .
.
- ,
. .
, - 1, 2 -
, -
: - .
50
3.2015

-
, -
;
;
-
.
, -
.., ()

(.. ., 2007; .. ., 2010).

-
.
..
-

-
. -

,
-
.
-
1. , 1984 : -
, , , -96,
-1, -2, -,
-,
. (.. ., 2010).
-
, , -

-
, -, -, -
, -2018 . ( ..
., 2014).

:
--

-

;
-- -
-
;
-- -
,
,
-
-
2. .
51

3.
2. ,
, ,
, .
() -
.. -
: , ,
1978 . -, -
, (.. .,
- 2007).
, , -
, - .
,
, - -
.
. -
- -
- - , -.

-
- .
,
(.. ., 1994). ,
-
, - ,
, - .
, 3 1000
, 10,4 /, 4
- 1530 15,1 / (.. .,
. 2003; .. ., 2001).
- (, -
: - )
52
3.2015
4. -
(), -
-
- . -
.
( 3) - ,
, ,
(- -
), , - .
, () , , ( -
- ) (.. ., 2013).

,
,
, -
- .
.
-
- ( 4) -

, -
0,01 - ,
600 . ( 100
60 +60 +200), ( 108 ), -
5%,
12% (- (12 ).
.. ., 2012; .. ., 2013).
- -
- :
--
() (.. ., , -
2013), -
, - ;
53

-- - .., .., .., -

; .. -
-- , : , -
- , //
. . 2002. 8.
, - .37-41.
.. , - .., .., .., -
..
( ) - -
- // -
. . 2010. 2. .8-14.
.., .., .., -
.. -

-2018//
.., .. - . .. . 2014. 2 (23). . 120-
// 123.
: . - .., .., .., -
.-. . , , 2003. .142- ..
153. ,
.., .., .., -
.. . - // -
- . 2013. 2. .11-23.
// - .., .., .. -
. 2013. 2. .49-54.
.., .., .. . -
- // -
// . .: ,
1994. . 32, .1. .143-148. ( ). 2010. 9
.., .., .. - (35). .69-74.
- .., .., .., -
.. -
// - - -
// .2003.
(-
8. .51-60.
). 2007. 1 (27). .5-9.
.., .., .., -
.., .., .., -
.. -
.. . -
. .
//
-
. .. . 2012. 3 (14).
. . 3 / . ..
.35-39.
.. . .: , 2007. . 256-
.., .. 266.
- .., .., .., -
// . . - .. -
/ . ... ., . ..-
, 2001. .3. .212-218. //
.., .., .. . . 2001. 4.
- .34-39.
Polishchuk G.M., Pichkhadze K.M., Efanov V.V.,
( ) // Actual Problems of MartynovM.B.Space modules of Phobos-Grunt complex
Aviation and Aerospace Systems: processes, models, for prospective interplanetary stations // Solar System
experiment= Research.2011. Vol.45, 7. .589-592.
: , , -
.2007. .12. .18-25. 31.03.2015.
54
629.78(091) 3.2015
The main results

of the cooperation
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

d1152@samspace.ru; d1152@samspace.ru;
N.F.Verbitskaya , Yu.N.Kobzev ,
d1152@samspace.ru; d1152@samspace.ru;
V.V.Dmitriev B.V.Luptakov
The article presents the overview of the main milestones

of joint cooperation between Progress RSC and
.. Lavochkin Association in frame of space technologies
, design and development. The main events of joint
operations of the launch vehicle of Soyuz type and
. Fregat interorbital space tug are pointed out.
: -; Key words: launch vehicle;
; interorbital space tug;
. geostationary orbit.
( 30.09.2010) 270
-) ..-
1965 , - . -
.. , , ,
.. 1, 1, 1.
. -
- () -, -
..
, . -
- -
() - . -
, , ,
. -, -
, . -
. - .
-
. 45 - -
- (
1
- Joint Stock Company Rocket and Space Center Progress
( ), , . . (JSC RSC Progress), Russia, Samara.
55

- -
() , -
. .
-
:
-- (), - -
, -
, -
;
-- .
- -
; .
-- -
; -
-- , -
; .
-- ;
-- - -
.
, , -
- , - .
, ,
..-
-2.
. -2 -
- -
- -2 (
- ), -
, (-
.. ., 2014).
, - -
. - 9 2000 ,
-
(+ , -
)
. -
(.. ., 2014). - 2 -
-
. -
..
- -
, .. ...
. -
, -
, , - , -. -
4,11 - -
, - -
..
- . 2
. 2003 -

-
, . 2003 -
-
.
56
3.2015
, , 11,43 -
4,11, . -
, ,
-2
Galaxy-14 . -2 -
Galaxy-14 Orbital .
Science Corporation -
Star-2 -2 1
.
- , ,
. . , -
Galaxy-14 ..
Arian, - .. , -
Arianespace, -
Starsem PanAmSat - , -
Starsem - -.
- . 26 2011 -
, -2
1
- ( --).
- -
. ( () , - -

.
). -
14 2005 - -
Sylda-S,
Galaxy-14 . - , -
- -
- - -
.
, - -
,
(). -5, -
.. . -5
, -
, -
, 1 .
( , 50-
100) .. -

.
.
-

-2 1, -
, 19 - .., .., ..-
2006 . -
- - -
// . .. . 2014.
, 1. .47-49.
i=95,4 . - .., .. -
- -
, - // . .. -
. - .2014. 1. .41-43.
-2
- 30.03.2015.
57
629.78.051-5
The Navigator platform

on-board control system
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

, office@mars-mokb.ru; , office@mars-mokb.ru;
, V.V.Smirnov office@mars-mokb.ru; G.S.Iodko
office@mars-mokb.ru; V.N.Sokolov
A.S.Syrov
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,
office@mars-mokb.ru; office@mars-mokb.ru; , ,
V.V.Mischihin V.N.Kosobokov office@mars-mokb.ru; office@mars-mokb.ru;
M.A.Shatsky D.A.Dobrynin
The article overviews a description

, of design concept, structure and performances
of the on-board control system equipment
, of the Navigator platform, on which
Electro-L and Spektr-R
-. - spacecraft are based. The results of the
on-board control system flight development
test for stabilization accuracy are presented
and approaches to further development of
on-board control system equipment are defined
for advanced projects on design and development
. of spacecraft for various applications.
: ; Key words: on-board control system;
; non-pressurized equipment implementation;
; on-board computer network;
; hardware redundancy;
. star trackers stabilization.
() ( .., 2011; ..
- ., 2014).
, 2000 . -
- -
() - ,
() : ,
. - , -
,
.. - , -
, .
() . , -
-
- (),
.. -
.
(, ..), -
- .
, - ,
.
1
- FSUE Mars Moscow Experimental Design Bureau,
, , . . Russia, Moscow.
58
3.2015

.

.
.

. .

, .

...
1.
:
-- -
2,5. 1, :
120; - :
--
() - ;
;
1. ; ( -
-- () - );
;
18.; -
-- - ;
510-4 /
210-4 Y Z. ;
- ;
- :
( .. ., 2010), - -
( ;
) - ;
. - ;
- ;
, ;
, ;
, , ;
- ;
. .
59

() ..-
, ().
() -
.
, , -
-1
(
-, -
1).
-1 ,

.
(3, 4, 5, 6, 7) -
-
. - 4.
,
.

: 2 (),
3 ( ), 4 (), 5 ()
6( ) 7().
2.
5.
, -

() , -

(, ,
) -
-
,
.
-
-
,
3. .
60
3.2015
-
-
(.. ., 2010)

, -
.
-
, -
-

. -
( .. ., 2010)
- -
16- ,
6. 18745 (-
) 819620
Intel -
/.
, (-
) ,
/.
-
, -
: -
20
4,5../. :
-- : -
4 ; /
512;
-- : 512;
/ 64.
-
( ), -
()

, . -
-
()
.
(4 )
.
: 3 -
,
7. .
( -
- ,
- )
: 2 , 2 -
, - , -
- ,
, -
. .
61

, . , .

2

. -1 1
.

1 .
. -1

.
5
1
. , . 1 , ,
1 4 -

1
. 1
3 , .

.

. , . - 1 , 1 ,
6
-

SHM
. , .
7

-2
1 , 1
(2 .) (2 .) 27
1
()

8. - -
- ,
(4 ) , (- 2),
-
-
,
, - Sodern () SED-26.
,
(- .
) . - -
. -, -
. -:
-
--

0,2;
-
-- 20;
. , 3 -
-- 6000/;
, 4
-- 32.
. -
- ,
-1 ( ) -. . -
-1 : :
-- 1313; -- 0,4/;
-- v=56; -- 0,003/;
-- -- 13.
15; -
-- 0,5; , -
-- 215.;
-- 3,85.
62
3.2015
. -- 0,76.;
1855, 2,5. -- -
- 0,00015/;
, - --
5..
- -
.
-
() -
2, 3, -, -
-
, -. ,

. -
-
, - - .
-
. (),
, - -
- ,
, . -
-2 ( 16.07.2011). -
, -

-

, ()
, .
, -.
. (-
- )
- ,
- .
- .
, -
. -
.., .., .. .
- 2- . -
- : . . .: - -,
- 8. - 2010. 304.
- - .., .., .., -
. - - .. . -
20.01.2011 ., - 18.07.2011 . - // -
- - .2014. .52, 5. .399-407.
.., .., ..,
. - .. . -
: -
- //
1,5 . , -
....2014. 5. .16-19.
||4104 /,
||=||2104/. .. -
- -
, //
- ....2011. 3. .3-10.
(.. ., 2014) -
-: 02.04.2015.
63
629.762.2:629.782
Usage of submarine ballistic

rockets practical launches for
scientific studies and creation
of new technologies
..1,
,
,
- ,
src@makeyev.ru;
V.G.Degtyar
The article overviews a period of interaction between

.. of Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association and
, Academician Makeev State Rocket Center,
related to the practical work on conducting
of research experiments in space environment
. with new space technologies articles.
: ; Key words: space experiment;
; ; space technologies; Volna LV;
; . Solar Sail; Demonstrator.
- -
, -
- . 90-.,
- -
.. .
( )
- () - -
- , -
- - -
- . -

, - .
,

, - -
, ,
.
1
Open Joint Stock Company Academician V.P. Makeyev
.. , , - State Rocket Centre, Russia, Chelyabinskaya oblast, Miass.
, . .
64
3.2015
. -
- -
. , , - 1995 -50
( ) -
- ,
. -
, , , ( 1).
-
, . 1998
- -54 ( ) -
. , Tubsat.
-

57./.
-
-
. -
,
,
. -
-
57./ 1.

1 6 .. -
, 2000 ..-
- - -
.
-
, ,
( , 2011).
, . - :
- --
, () -
, - ;
. -- -
-
- , -
,
. - .
-
, - ,
. -
- -
-25, -50, -54 ,
- -50
- (2).
(..
., 1999). 19911993 . ,
-25 (- .
() ), - -
, ,
- -
( ) -
- ,
. - , -
65

3.
-
.
2. -50 () -
( 4) -
.
(- -
). , -
-
- .
- -
-
-
( 3).
, - (. 5).
,

. -

-
, -
..
.

-

. -

, (
), -
. 4.
66
3.2015
= 944
= 375
= 249
= 98
=0
5.
( )

=305,4 ; =202,7
V=6732,6 /; D=1003,9

=302,0 ; =201,0
V=6737,4 /; D=981,6

=1088,7 ; =100,0
V=6797,4 /; D=5917,0
3-

=248,2 ; =172,9
V=6691,2 /; D=629,7
2-

2-
1-
=98,9 ; =50,1
V=2414,6 /; D=66,3
6.
67

7. -

(20 ..
2001, 21 2005). -
. -
,

. -

- , -
, - , -
-
. -
-
(- .
6). -
, , -
, .. -
. - -
7000/
1517 / .
,
(.. ., 2012).

: .., .., ..
-- 12 2002 -
-2 -
// . .. -
; .2012. 2. .4-11.
-- 6 2005
.., .., .. .
D-2R -
- -
-
. -
( 7). .. // . . . XIV.
- 1999. .1(43), 2. .142-157.
.. / .
: - . ... : , 2011.
() - 182.
ASTRIUM/EADS (), ESTEC/
ESA () . 12.03.2015.
68
629.78(091) 3.2015
The milestones
.. of cooperation between
Lavochkin Association
.. and Main Test Spaces Center
..1, ..1, ..1,

melnichukandreys@mail.ru; , ,
.D.Melnichuk melnichukandreys@mail.ru; melnichukandreys@mail.ru;
.P.Popesku ..Nazarov
- The article covers historical aspects

.. of the cooperation between Lavochkin Association
..- and Main Test Spaces Center (MTSC) in the course
() of implementation of the space missions
. by Lavochkin Association. There is an overview
, - of the interaction special features, their impact
- on the infrastructure of the spacecraft ground control
. loop. Besides the problems and perspectives
. of MTSC development are presented.
: - ; Key words: command-measuring complex;
; deep space spacecraft;
; Upper Stage;
; information support;
; ground control loop;
- . command-measuring complex structure.
17 1970 9 27 07 -
.. , ,
-
- -1.
. - 1956
, 20 -1
(.., 2010). (),
- -
. . ()
, -
.
... 60-
- -
.. .
... -
1
- Main Test Spaces Center, Russia, Moscow region,
.., , , . Krasnoznamensk.
.
69
..
..
-7
- (). .
, - -
, - -
-4 . (), -
.
8 1957 -4 , -
, ,
-
, ( .
32103) 13- , -
- (), - -
. , -
, 68 -
151 ,
.....
.
- ,
( ), - -
. . -
- ,
- , -
( - -
) . . 1960 -
-
, .
, 26 1962
, - . 1973
- -
. ( ).
30 1961
1990 , 11 -
, -
. .
-
, . , ,
,
, . -
, . .. -
... ,
. -, - .
, 70-
. -, - , -
, -
, .
, -
-
. . 1975
- -
, - , -

. (),
- 1- ,
23 1958 ,
- - - -
-1 1. .
,
2 10 1959 .. , -
-1 4 .
600 .
- -
, - .
70
3.2015
-
; .
- -
() , , - -
; , -
-
,
; - - -
, ,
- .
, 14 2001 , ,

.. (). ,
- .
- 2000

. - -
,
, - , -
, .
- .
.. . 2000 -
-
. . -
- .
(). , -
.. ,
, -
, - -
- .
(.., ., -
.., 2014). ,
- -
, .
413 1996 2004 . -
,
413, - - . -
- ,

, , -
. .
. - ,
- -

. .
90- -
, -
, -
. .., .., ..
- -
, - //
- . . ...2014. 1. .3-9.
1992 - .. //
- . ...2010. 4. .53-61.
.., .., .. -
. -
-
, . ... 1. -
. . .: - -, 2006.
- 479 .

, - 25.03.2015.
71
378.145.3:658.562.3
Practical training at Lavochkin

.. Association premises
experience for the future
..1,
, ,
zlebedev@yandex.ru;
.L.Lebedev
The results of the practical training received by the

, students of mechanical professions of the Military-
- Space Academy named after.F.Mozhayskiy at the
.. Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association premises
... are presented. The selection of the Federal Enterprise
, Lavochkin Association for the training is justified, its
. results are summarized. The importance of the training for
- the further service of the graduates of the Military-Space
... Academy named after.F.Mozhayskiy is pointed out.
: ; Key words: practical training;
; ; process; design;
; . manufacture; performance characteristics.
, , -
, .. -
- .. - , -

, (.., -
, - .., 2012).
- , -
() ; -
- ; -
( -
, 2011). ,
, -
- -
- , - ,
- .
- . 2013 ,
,
... -
-
1
Military-Space Academy named after .F. Mozhayskiy,
.. , , -. Russia, Saint-Petersburg.
72
3.2015
- .. ..
- -
- -
- . ...
-
, -
, - - ,
- ,
-
(.., .., , -
.., 2014), - .
. -

, -
.., .., .. -
, -
- . -
, - // . ...2014. 1.
, - .3-9.
.. - .., .. 75-
, ...: //
, . ...2012. 4. .7-23.
,
... -
- ()
160400. .24.11.2011. , -
.. , - -
. ., 2011. 69.

13.03.2015.
73
629.78.082.6
Weight measuring devices for

fueling the tanks of Fregat
Upper Stage (in commemoration
(50- of the 50th anniversary of
Lavochkin Association space
..) activities)
..1, ..2, ..2, ..2,
, dep103180@laspace.ru;
, A.G.Lebedev , ,
xan-rule@ya.ru; dep103180@laspace.ru; dep103180@laspace.ru;
S.V.Rulev A.V.Nikolaev V.M.Shulga
..3, ..3, ..3,4,
, , ,
dep103180@laspace.ru; dimuz@bk.ru; dep103180@laspace.ru;
P.P.Telepnev D.A.Kuznetsov V.Yu.Ermakov
- The process of developing the weighing
-5000, device UVPD-5000, designed for use
in the fueling system for Fregat
. Upper Stage.
: ; Key words: upper stage; fueling complex;
; . weight measuring device.
-
-
- ,
, -
. 3,8 3.
- ,
. -
.
() 2008 -
, 2014,
(.. ., 2012). -
() - .
( .. ., 2014) -

. - -
, , -
-,
,
. ().
1
- 3
.. , , -
, . .
, , . . Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia,
Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Moscow region, Khimki.
Peter the Great of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian 4
(-
Federation, Russia, Moscow. ), ,
2
..
- , , Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University),
.. Russia, Moscow.
Filial TsENKI Design Bureau for Chemical Transport
Engineering, Russia, Moscow.
74
3.2015
,

, - 1.1
1
. 1.2
1.3
1. 1
-1
- 1.4
,
-
2.1
. -2 2
2.2
-
: 600 1200, - 2.3
1200 2400.
2
0,3% 2.4
.
- 1.

3,83. 8 ,
- , ,
() 10 . - -
-1 -2.
V=23, . -
1500, ,
4100 . - 1 2. -
, - ,
5000. /, -
, -
2. .
- -
,
- .
,

: ()
:
().
--

-, -
, -

,
- - ;
. - -- -
-5000, .. - -
- .
5000. -
, -
1. (
- )
(), - . -
, ,
-. -
1.11.4 - .
,
2.12.4 . .
, , - -
1.11.4 - .
, -
2.12.4. .
75

(50- ..)

1
1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4 -1 1
2.1 2
-2
2.2

2.3
2.4
~220

2. -5000
(), ,
, , - , ,
. - ( 2).
, ,
. 19- -
- . 1 2 RS232 -
. I- .
( 0iaIICT6/T5X). , -
- - -
, - 1d[ib] .
IIBT6. , -
- . -
. RU -RU.
06.00140 - .
.
: -
3.
.
.
-
( ).
( -
..) -
.
-
,
.
-
,
, ,
.

.
3. -
, - -5000
76
3.2015
3. -
( -
- , 2014),
-5000
53228-2008 OIML R76-1 ( 1).
.
53228-2008 -
- , -
: Min 500; 2
500 2000; 3 (
2000; , Min=2 , 2014).
. 2013 .
=5000 =1 -
(4000) . -
3. - 2.
, , -
, .. 0,2
100 2000. +0,3 , 510 -
- -
(
, , 2014).
, , ,
: - , -
. .

53228-2008, : -
5000 5000,0
- 5000,4 .
. , -
( .
), ,
-5000
. .
1 -5000
/
, ,
1 1 2500
2 5000
2 , Min, 10
3 , , 2500
4 , in, 10
5 , d, 0,1; 0,5
, ,
6 10 2500 0,5
2500 5000 1,0
,
10 250 0,5
7 250 1000 1,0
1000 2500 1,5
2500 5000 3,0
,
10 250 0,5
8
250 1000 1,0
1000 2500 1,5
9 , +15 +25
10 , , 2
77

(50- ..)
2 -5000
, 1 I1, 2 I2,

/ 1 2
L, 1, 2, Mpe,
1 0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,5
2 10 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 0,00 0,00 0,5
3 250 250,00 250,00 250,00 250,00 0,00 0,00 0,5
4 1000 999,90 999,80 999,90 1000,00 0,20 0,10 1,0
5 1500 1499,90 1499,80 1499,90 1500,00 0,20 0,10 1,5
6 2000 1999,90 1999,80 1999,90 2000,00 0,20 0,10 1,5
7 2500 2499,90 2499,70 2500,00 2500,00 0,30 0,00 1,5
8 3000 2999,90 2999,70 3000,00 3000,00 0,30 0,00 3,0
9 3500 3499,80 3499,70 3500,10 3500,10 0,30 +0,10 3,0
10 4000 3999,80 3999,70 4000,10 4000,10 0,30 +0,10 3,0
11 4500 4499,80 4499,80 4500,20 4500,20 0,20 +0,20 3,0
12 5000 5000,00 5000,00 5000,30 5000,30 0,00 +0,30 3,0
d=0,1
4 . 2500 ().
- 3.
, . , -
5000 4
. .
-
+0,2. - . -
0,1. 4000. 1 2 -
, , - (1000;
, . 2000 ), ,

. - .
: 5000, 1000 2000.
3 , - 4.
- 4 , -
0 1000 2000 -
3 -5000

,

/ 1 2
1 2
L, I1, I2,
Mpe, 1, 2,
1 0 0,00 0,00 0,5 0,00 0,00
2 10 10,00 10,00 0,5 0,00 0,00
3 100 100,10 100,10 0,5 +0,10 +0,10
4 250 250,10 250,10 0,5 +0,10 +0,10
5 400 400,10 400,20 1,0 +0,10 +0,20
6 500 500,20 500,20 1,0 +0,20 +0,20
7 1000 1000,20 1000,20 1,0 +0,20 +0,20
8 1500 1500,20 1500,20 1,5 +0,20 +0,20
9 2000 2000,20 2000,30 1,5 +0,20 +0,30
10 2500 2500,20 2500,30 1,5 +0,20 +0,30
78
3.2015

, ped

, (),
(),
,
,
(=L),
1 2 1 2
1 1000 0,30 0,10 +0,30 +0,10 1

2 1000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1
3 4000 1000 1000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1
4 1000 0,30 0,10 +0,30 +0,10 1
5 1000 0,20 0,00 +0,20 0,00 1
1 2000 0,30 0,20 +0,30 +0,20 1,5
2 2000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1,5
3 4000 2000 2000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1,5
4 2000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1,5
5 2000 0,20 0,10 +0,20 +0,10 1,5
5
(1), (2),

,
/ 1 2
1, 2, pe,
1 0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
2 10 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 0,00 0,00 0,5
3 250 250,00 250,10 250,00 250,00 +0,10 0,00
4 500 500,00 499,90 500,00 499,90 0,10 0,10
1
5 1000 1000,00 999,90 999,90 999,90 0,10 0,10
6 1500 1499,90 1499,90 1499,90 1499,90 0,10 0,10
7 2000 2000,00 1999,90 1999,80 1999,90 0,10 0,10 1,5
8 2500 2500,00 2499,90 2499,90 2500,00 0,10 0,10
9 3000 2999,90 2999,80 2999,90 3000,10 0,20 0,10
10 3500 3500,00 3499,90 3500,10 3500,20 0,10 +0,20
11 4000 4000,00 4000,00 4000,10 4000,30 0,00 +0,30 3
12 4500 4500,00 4500,10 4500,20 4500,30 +0,10 +0,30
13 5000 5000,30 5000,30 5000,40 5000,40 +0,30 +0,40
0,1 0,3 , , 0,3

, 11,5.
3 0,006% . , -
1000 6 2000. ,

-5000. 1 .
(23.09.2014) - , -
, -
5000 .
. . -
5 , -
. 4.
2 5 , (
5000 +0,3, , 2014)
+0,1 . , ( .),
0,3 - ..
, (.).
79
. ,
. - 70 +30, .. -
-
.+., .
. 0,3% .
- 5.
, - -5000
. -5000,
- V=23. -
- , -
, .. =I. .

M.=(M.I)., 1 1,
2 2.
M. ;
,
M. .
, -
M. , -5000,
. .
.
M.*=M.M,
M .
. - -
. - 5000, -
-5000 3800 , - .
V=200. ,
(.. ., 2013), ,
19 10 .
, -100. -
-100 5 .
1 50.
-
, 50 ( 0,001% 2).
.., .., ..,

.. .
,

. -
- //
, ,
. ...2012. 2.
12, .
.28-32.
4, -
.., .., ..
-
-
( -100) //
10. . ...2014. 1. .3-9.
.., .., .., -
,
n .. .
+50
(
)

// -
0 .2013. 4. .20-24.
50

:
100 RU.C.28004 A 56671.
58366-14. 2014.
4.
10 21.04.2015.
80
629.78(091) 3.2015
From the Vega mission near

Comet Halley to the Rosetta
mission near comet
67P/ 67P/ Churyumov Gerasimenko
..1, ..1,
, -
lzelenyi@rssi.ru; ,
L..Zelenyi ksanf@rssi.ru;
L.V.sanfomaliti
, The article compares the data acquired by Vega
and Giotto SC while studying the Comet 1/Halley
1/ 1986 , in 1986 with the results of the first phase of studies of
the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov Gerasimenko,
67P/ , performed by Rosetta and Philae modules.
. The overview of the Rosetta mission tasks
implementation and the status of the modules after
Philae probe landing on the comet nucleus are
. - presented. Due to failures of some lander elements, a
, number of experiments on the nucleus of the comet were
. not carried out.
: ; Key words: Vega SC;
; ; Rosetta mission; comets;
. descent vehicles.
-
, . -
- -1 -2
67P/ - ..-
, ( 5 (-1,
1/ -2), 2010; .., ..,
1986 . , - .., 2011). 1985 -
. 1986 6 9 -
. ( 1)
-
. - (SagdeevR.Z. et al., 1986).
1
, - Space Research Institute of RAS, Russia, Moscow.
, . .
81

67P/
1. .
1986
2 -
-1 .
,
75 /-1.

, ;
, .
, 8 1986 , (-
) (JAXA) -
.
14 1986 ,
(ESA)
.
1.

,
15-
() Nature (1521May
1986. Vol. 321, 6067). ,
,
-

. -
- 2. -1 () ()
-,
. , , , ,
, - -
, ,
, , 5000 -
. ,
, . , -
. - ,
- ..,
, 10-6 10-16 , . -
- 8890 (-1) 8030
, , (-2).
. , ,
. .
82
3.2015
1/ 67/ , -
( ..).
1/ 67P/
1758 ( ) 23 1969
17 1994 (JD2449400.5) 9 2014 (JDT2457000.5)
0.9671 0.6410
(a) 17.8584 . . 3.4628 . e.
(q) 0.5712 . . 1.2432 . e.
(Q) 35.082 . . 5.722 . e.
(P) 75.5 6.44
162.2366 7.0401
9 1986 28 2009
28 2061 13 2015
58.9407 50.1409
111.33249 12.7868
( ) 2.62.31.8 ,
15.37.27.2
( ) 4.13.31.8
2.21014 1013
550 250/ (
470 /; 7080%
200 1500 /)
0.04 0.030.05
25% 70%

1P/ 67P/

52 12.4

2 80%, 3 4% 2, 2,

2, 27%
300400 (27127) 70 3.7 ..

0.9 .. ( ) ( 40)
Q H2O 10271 1.35 ..
QH2O=410291 0.9..
( )
( )

H, O, C, S, Na, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, +, (34S), (Na+),

+, 2+, Fe+, Ca+, CH+, CN+, N2+, H2O+, H2S+ (Mg+)
(H2O), (CO), -
(CO2), (NH3), (CH4),
C2, CH, CN, CO, CS, NH, OH, C3, NH2, H2O, HCN,
(CH3OH), (CH2O),
CH3CN, S2, HCO, NH3, NH4
(H2S), (HCN),
(SO2), (CS2)
, 75 80 100 110
0.9.. 3.4 ..
D/H=(3.060.34)10-4 D/H=5.30.710-4
/ 1:78 4:1
67P/ ,
(67P/CG), 6 - 1976, 1982, 1989, 1996, 2002 2009 .
, -2, -2, -1
(3).
67P/ - . 67P/CG, , -
23 1969 .- . 67P/CG
. - , 1840 -
. . 4.0 .. -
() , .-
, . . 9, 11 3.0 ..,
21 1969 . 2.77 .. ,
- 1959 ,
1.29 .., -
- - . -
(Churyumov K.I., Gerasimenko S.I., 1972; 6.45 .
Churyumov K.I., 2004; .. ., 2012). XIX ,
; - 67P/CG .
83

67P/
81P/Wild 2 67P/Churyumov- 103P/Hartley 2

5.5 x 4.0 x 3.3 km Gerasimenko 2.2 x 0.5 km
Stardust, 2004 4 x 3 km Deep Impact/EPOXL,
Rosetta, 2014 2010
1P/Halley 19P/Borrelly 9P/Tempel 1

16 x 8 x 8 km 8 x 4 km 7.6 x 4.9 km
Vega 2, 1986 Deep Space 1, 2001 Deep Impact, 2005
3. 2015 ( ). -
,
2.
-
-
. ,

.
-
4. .
, -
2900 . () 32 , -
, 64 2. 3.4 ..
2014 . - 850 , 1,5 -
- . ( ESA)
Science,
. 7
1
2
22.05.14
- 6

23.01.11
. -

. - 5
25.02.07
, ..

4

-

. - 3
22.08.14
. 2
02.03.04

10.11.14
. - 1
, 0
.
01/2004
07/2004
01/2005
07/2005
01/2006
07/2006
01/2007
07/2007
01/2008
07/2008
01/2009
07/2009
01/2010
07/2010
01/2011
07/2011
01/2012
07/2012
01/2013
07/2013
01/2014
07/2014
01/2015
07/2015
67P -

ESA, -
5. -
-
2002 , -
( ESA)
-5.
, - ( 4)
( - 2
2004 . 10 ,
).
84
3.2015
. - MIRO -
, - .
( 5). OSIRIS , -
2014 -.
67P/CG. ROSINA
6 .
. - RPC
12 2014 . .
RSI .
VIRTIS
-.
2.82.12.0
142.3 3.
232 2
32
2900
1670 -
165
98 .
395 , ,
: 5.25 ..; . -
850 -
3.40 .. . -
( 2014) ,
12 . , , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
64 , , (
1500 . VIRTIS ROSINA). -
24 32S,
10 . - 34
S, -
() (- . -
), 1670 . -
( COSIMA
8 2 .
GIADA), .
19 .
, ,

( ) -
12 2014
28 , . , -
, -
- , 70,
. ,
. , , -
, , -
.
( ): 67P/CG ,
ALICE -
. 2:1.
CONSERT 2002/03 . 60 /,
. 1982/83 220 /.
COSIMA - - ,
. 2003 2009 .,
GIADA - 2015 , -
. -
MIDAS - .
. 120 .
85

67P/
-
67P/CG
( 2014 ). ,
:
( )
2.52.52.0 OSIRIS.
( )
4.13.21.3 OSIRIS.

12,4043 OSIRIS.
:
=69 ; =+64 OSIRIS.
=1013 RSI.
=25 3 OSIRIS.
=0,4 /3 RSI/OSIRIS.
:
[Q] H2O=300 / ( 2014)
[Q] H2O =15 / ( 2014) MIRO.

205230 K ( 2014) VIRTIS.

25160 K ( 2014) MIRO.

-
, 6. .
. ( ESA)

, ,
. .
, 22 , 67P
, , -
? , .
20000 . , -2 67P/CG.
- D/H -2
( 6), - . 67P -
. , , 530 ppm, , -
( 6). , ,
- D/H.
2014 , -
, , , , ,

. 106 -
(H2O) 156
(HDO), ..156 ppm,
D/H 530 ppm.
-
, -
:
( ) PHILAE
? - -
, , , -
3040%. ,
,
. , 7.
, D/H. - . ( ESA)
86
3.2015
D/H ,
.
D/H (310 ppm). ,

D/H .

-
,
.

,
Torb . -
R=20 , -
Mc=1013
Torb = 2 (R3/GMc) = 2 [(20103)3/6.6710-111013)] =

= 191 ,
G . , 8. -
R=100, 30, 12 ( 8), -
8 Torb 620, 350, 1.33.24.1 ,
.
88 48 .
, (-
, - 8), ( 8).
12.4 .
( 8, ). (
4. ESA)

.
- . -
- 28 , 1000 -
( 7) 12
2014 . 60 .
-
Ni-Cd 140 -,
.
. -

18.0 2.2 2 -
32 3..
3.9
.
12.2 .

4.1
. ,
2.9
10.0 , 1.33.24.1 (8).

1.4
, ,
- (-
2.9
8), ( 8).
2.4 -
9.8 , -
, - ,
3.6 , 8.
,
9. ,
26.7
, -
97.9 .
87

67P/
- PTOLEMY (Methods Of Determining and

- Understanding Light elements) -
. -, -
, - .
9. IVA (Comet Nucleus Infrared and Visible Analy
, - zer) -
. - ,
. , 10241024.
, 3%. ROLIS (Rosetta Lander Imaging System) -
- ,
: 10241024 .
, . - CONSERT (Cmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by
, Radiowave Transmission)
4.5 ,
. -
-
9
.
, , 67P -
MUPUS (MUlti-PUrpose Sensors for Surface and
. ,
, Sub-Surface Science) -
. , -
0.23 .
, ROMAP (Rosetta Lander Magnetometer and Plasma
Monitor) -
( ). -
26.7 .
. SESAME (Surface Electric Sounding and Acoustic
10. Monitoring Experiments) -
APXS (Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer) - : CASSE
- . (Cometary Acoustic Sounding Surface Experiment)
COSAC (COmetary SAmpling and Composition)
- , PP (Permittivity Probe) -

, . DIM (Dust Impact Monitor)
, .
SD2 (Drill, Sample, and Distribution subsystem)
-
23
PTOLEMY COSAC.
5.

.12 2014
.

11. , -

,
. -
, ( )
7 . C V,
, 1 / ( -
).
12 2014
9. , - 08:35 GMT.
. 3040 . 20 (-
( ESA) ) ,
88
3.2015
SD2
11. .
( ESA)
10. -
. -
. SD2. , -
, , - . - ,
. ( ESA) . -
()
1 /. . -
(. 10) ,
, ,
, . - . -
- , .
,
. 50 , -
, , - . -
(. 10) - -
. , 1000 -.
, 70 /, :
, - 7 57-
. . () -
,
. , -
- ,
. , , . ,
. -
, -
ESA - 7 -
, (12.4 ).
. , ESA , , , -
, ,
50 - -
(. 11), - . (, -
. -
, , ,
, -
, ). , -
89

67P/
1. 8:35 GMT. 4.

1

2. 5. 17:26 GMT.
20 .
( 7 ) -

3. 15:33 GMT. 6. 17:33 GMT.

. ,
,

13. -
40 . ( ESA)
GUARDIAN GRAPFIC SOURCE:ESA

50 ,
12. - 1
. ( ESA , 17:26 GMT.
TheGuardian)
, ,
17:33 GMT ( 12). -
. ,
2 .
. -
, , .
40 6.
( 13).
. , , - -
, . ,
( , . -
). , , -
. , -
.
, -

.
,
.
, -
r=1 ,
gc = GM/r2 = 6.6710-111013/(103)2 = 6.6710-4 /2,

100
0.07. ,
, 20
.
15:33 GMT
(. 12) 0.38 /. 14. , -
, . -
( 1 /) . ( ESA)
90
3.2015
, , , - , ,
. ESA - , .
, - -
. . , () -
, 15 ,
, , - CONSERT.
, - CIVA -
( 14). . 15

. ,
. -
,

( 15). -
, .
, .
, -
, , ,
.

. , -
15. : CIVA -
( 16, ). , -
. :
, ,
,
. ( - , . -
ESA) -

, - (. 15), -, -
SD2, , - , , -
, - . , -
. , , .
- -
1.5 CONSERT,
(12.4 ), 15.
5 . - -
.
15, 12:30 GMT,
.
, -
, ,
, , ,
, .

(. 14). , -
, .
-
, - 16. 15
15:33 GMT, 8- () 10- ()
. . ESA
. (
, - ESA)
.
CIVA ( 15), ( 16, -
) 8-
14, . .
91

67P/
10- . - 10 -
- . RCS -
( 16, ). (- ,
) .
, . -
CONSERT.
,
, - .

. , , .
- ,
, . 2011
1020 -
. , , -
, , - . -
, 2014 ,
(0.4 /3), .
RSI/OSIRIS . . -
, ,
MUPUS -
. , , , ,
, , -,
, , SD2, - .
COSAC . ,
, ,
, - . , -
-
67P/CG, , -
. - ,
, .
30- -
. 2015 -
, . ,
, , -
(13 2015 ). NEAR Shoemaker (2000). -
8 , 67P .
23 , - . Hayabusa
, - - (2005),
. 30 67P! ,
. - Hayabusa ,
28 , , ( )
, . 3 2014
. JAXA ( 1999
, , JU3) Hayabusa-2.
,
, - , -
. -
.

DLR MPS, CNES
- ASI.
, . 2006 - DLR.
DLR.
(). -
(RCS). 24- (-
92
3.2015
)
(
-
. ). 2015

ESA , -

, , ,
.
.
ESA

(rosetta philae), NASA,
-
The Guardian, The Telegraph Reuters.
2015 ,
.
, .
: - , .., .., ..
,
, , // . ..-
. .2011. 5. .41-50.
, 5 (-1,
. , -2). .
,
, , - / . . - .
. - , . .. - . , .
- .. . .: - -, 2010.
. .257-298.
- .., .., .., -
, . - ..- -
- : . :
67P/CG. - , 2012. .3-175.
Churyumov K.I., Gerasimenko S.I. Physical
- observations of the shortperiod comet 1969h. Motion,
, , origin and evolution orbit of comets // Proceedings of
. Symp.45 IAU.Dordrecht-Holland.1972. .27-34.
- Churyumov K.I. Discovery, observations and
investigations of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
in Kyiv // in the book The new ROSETTA targets.
. , Kluwer acad. Publ. Collangelli et al. (eds). 2004. .1-
, , - 13.
, , , Sagdeev R.Z., Blamont J., Galeev A.A., Moroz V.I.
, , , , - VEGA spacecraft encounters with comet Halley //
, , , Nature.1986. V.321. .259-261.
, , . Snodgrass C., Tubiana C., Bramich D.M., Meech K.
et al. Beginning of activity in 67P/Churyumov
, Gerasimenko and predictions for 20142015 // A&A
. 557-A33. 2014. .1-15.
, URL:http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/ ( :
, 15.11.2014).
1.33.24.1 . URL:http://rosetta.jpl.nasa.gov/ ( :
, 03.12.2014).
, - URL:http://blogs.esa.int/philae/ ( :
, 21.11.2014).
, - The Guardian/Science, November, 12, 13, 14, 15;
. December, 11, 2014.
, . The Telegraph/Science, November, 3, 11, 15;
- - December, 11, 2014 .
, - Reuters, December 3, 11, 2014.
. ,
. 09.04.2015.
93
629.78(091)
: The Vega mission: the way it was
..1, ..1,
,
lzelenyi@iki.rssi.ru;
L..Zelenyi , yzaitsev@iki.rssi.ru;
Yu.I.Zaitsev
30 In March of the next year there will be

a30thanniversary of the fly-by in the vicinity of
, the Halley comet of several space vehicles at once
. -1 including Vega-1 and Vega-2 developed by
-2. Lavochkin Association. For the first time by means of
these vehicles the direct measurements were performed
and data were acquired on the comet composition
. and its interaction with magnetic field and solar wind.
, Theinterplanetary stations were the Soviet ones,
, . but their scientific instruments were international,
developed by nine countries. The flight of the stations to
. the comet was combined with Venus studies. The studies
were conducted not only during the lander descent on
, the planet surface but also in its atmosphere by means
. of the drifting balloons.
: Key words:
-1; -2; Vega-1; Vega-2;
; descent vehicle;
; fly-by vehicle;
; stabilized platform;
. balloon probe.
, , ,
. , .
- , ,
, , , ,
, ,
. - ,
. - -
- , .
1528 : 1759
, -
1
, - Space Research Institute of RAS, Russia, Moscow.
, . .
94
3.2015
, 76 ,
- : ()
. , , ,
, ;
() . -
1835
, -
. .
-
1910 . - , -
-
. , -
-
500 100 , - 400 .
.
- .
. - -
. -
. 1983 .
-
- , -
1986 .
. ,
, , , - - , -
- -
, () ,
, , . , - - ,
- . , -
, - , -
, .
. , , -
,
- .
, , 1980 -
,
. - ,
- , -

, , - , (-
, , .., .., 2014).
.
, - , . -

: Suisei () Sakigaki (- -
). - , -
, - . -
100. ,
. - - , ,
- , -
. .
18- - . .-
- -
. -
- ( 1).
95
:
,
-

. ,
-

.

,

1. - -
( ) (.., .., .., 2011;
.., .., .., 2012).
- (-), -
. 100 -
, , -
- ( 2).
80 / -
10 . .
. -
,

-
. , -

50. .

, -,
, 1 , -
-
. 1520
.
. 2. - ( -
, )
-

. . -
, -
, , - ,
.
. -
. - , -
,
, - . ,
- (),
: -
.
- .
-
, 1,2 . -
, , , , -
, . .
96
3.2015
()
()
- ()
() -
3. -
() - , ,
- .
() - , -
() . - ,
, ,
( 3).
. -
- , -
(-), - ,
- . -
. -
.
, -
, . , ,
, - .
. - -
,
. -2, -
- . -
, -
, . ,
.
( - -1 178 ,
), -2 176 .
, , , -1
. ,
80 - .11 1985
, 15-
.
. , -
- , -
, . .
- .
, - (5355 ).
97
:
(18 ), -
- .
-1 -
. -2. 13 1985
10 46 -
, ,
-
. 17 .
: - 15 1985 -
. ,
1020 . , ,
, -
.
-
,

, . -
30 /. , -
,

-
,
, -
(). , -
( ) 1600
, .
-1. -
63 -
54 46 -

11 . .
.
, , -
, -
.
- . -
,

,
20 .
5455 , -
. - 0,5 , 40. -
. -
, , ,
: , , ,
,

(CNES). .
, , , - -1 -2
, -;
DSN (), () (25
(), - 29 1985 ).
(), (-), - ,
(), (), (), , -
(), (), , -
() (). .
46 .
. ,
11500 - -
69 /, - , -
, , - . ,
. -
, - -
. , (
- )
. ,
, 8 .
98
3.2015
--
.10 1986 - (, , );
-- -1, -2 (,
-1. );
, -- - (, -
. -; ; ; );
- -- ,
- (12 ();
-1 15 -2) - -- (-
- , ).
.
-
. -

,

.
, .
,
,
. -

4. - (
)
(,
, ).
, -
- 7
.
-
- 6
-
6
-
8
, , ,
, - 5 9
, , -
,
. 4
: 3
2
-- (); 1
-- (, = 30,55
, );
-- - (, 1 ; 2 ; 3 -
1 , 1
, ) ( 4, 5);
; 4 ; 5 ;
-- - (, 6 ; 7
, ); ; 8 ; 9 .
-- MISCHA (); 5.
-- -1
(, , );
-- - 130, -
(, , ); , ,
-- 50% , -
- (, ); .
99
:
6. ( )
, - .
. .
- .
- 5 7 . .
, 6
-. 1986 . 3
, -
- .
, - 760 . . -
.
. ,
-1 -
, .. , .
- -
. -
, - , -
, - -
, .
. .
(- -
) -
.
4 1986 , ( 6).
-1 14 . , , -
100
3.2015

7. ( )
, - , -
. . , 8, -
-1 8879 , .

4 50. 9. ,
-1. -
, 8045,
78 /. .
,
45%, , -
. 7
, - .
, -2 5 30 .
. , - , -
-1 , -
, , -
. , ,
-2 (, 12 1986 ).
. -1 ,
7 . , -
101
:
-2 1987. -
, . -2
. . . ,
-2 - ,
45%, 24 1987 .
-1. , , ,
10 11. -1 -2,
- -
-1 -2 ,
, , ,
1500 ( 7). -
. 2015 -
. ,
- .
. , -1, -2,
: - -2.
, , - .
14 , 7. -
- .
. , -
. , -
, - , -
( 5%) ,
( 100 . ). .
, - , -
-
, (, , ) .
( , , - . ,
, .) , ,
. , ,
, -1
-2 , -
. ,
, . -
- 106 (H2O)
. - 156 (D2O), ..156 ppm,
D/H
605 . , 500 ppm. , -
1200 - ,
, .
. ,
-
.
.., .., ..-
-
. 8 // . .. -
150 . , .2011. 5. .41-50.
10 7 . . .., .. !//
- . ...2014. 4. .16-
-1 -2 22.
, - .., .., ..
, , // . ..-
, , - .2012. 4. .39-43.
.
-1 30 27.02.2015.
102
629.7.036.54-63 3.2015
Low-thrust liquid rocket

engines with deflector
- centrifugal scheme
of mixture formation
for spacecraft
.. by Lavockin Association
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

kbhimmash@ kbhimmash@ kbhimmash@
, korolev-net.ru; korolev-net.ru; korolev-net.ru;
kbhimmash@ I.G.Panin I.V.Pegin D.V.Chesnokov
korolev-net.ru;
Yu.I.Ageenko
The studies have been conducted on development of

50 - the correction engine of 50N thrust with deflector-
centrifugal scheme of the propellant components
. mixing. The descriptions of the propellant components
, mixing scheme, the engine scheme and the results
. of the engine fire tests are presented.
: ; ey words: engine;
- ; deflectors-centrifugal scheme;
; injector head;
; . deflector; spray plume
- ,
() - :
- -- , -
. (
, - 3000 )
- 0,045, -
, - 0,05 ;
--
, - 10000 ;
- - --
. 20000 ;
1
- Isaev Chemical Machinery Design Bureau the Branch of
.. federal State Unitary Enterprise Khrunichev State Research
.. , , , and Production Space Center, Russia, Moscow region,
.. Korolev.
103
-
..
-- - 1 2
;
-- ,
I 2950/ (300) - 5

() -
(); 6
--
3
5, -
, 7 4
.
-
-
, 1 ; 2 -
; 3 ; 4
, : ; 5 ; 6 -
-- ; ; 7
-- ; .
-- 1.
;
-- -
. ,
;
-- - ,
, -
. -
.
- - -
-
, - 206, 25
, - ..
, ...
- -
.. -
, , .
I=2950/ (300) . ,
-
.. .
- -

. 0,25 (2,5 /2)
- 1,50,15 (151,5/2).
1. ,
1 , -
2, -
5, - -
3, - .
6, -
-
7 4, ..
. - 5.222.
, - -
()
- ..
-
104
3.2015
- -
(.., 2009).

12, 25, 50, 100, 200 400 - MoSi2, ,
(-
.. ., 2014). NbSi2, -
5.145 50, - .
..-
-. , -
3, 4, 5, :
1. (
()
() - ) . -

( -
-
) 1120,
.. .

( ) -
1800, -
(F = 200) -
( ).
,

- ,
-
( - -
). - .
2. 3.
, MoSi2
5 3 4
1800
1120C
1100
1000
2
900
800
4
700
600
120
100
50
X,
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 210
1
1120
860
570
265
1 2 3 5 4
50
1 ;
2 ;
3
1 ; 2 - ;
; 3 - 4 ;
; 4 ; 5 .
5 . 3.
2. 50
105
-
..
,
I, / 0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,2
3010 0,1
,
0 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16 0,2 0,24 9,92 9,96 10 10,02
, ,
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
2990 0,1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
,
0 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16 0,2 0,24 9,92 9,96 10 10,02
I, I, A
2970 0,16
0,12
0,08
0,04
2950 ,
0 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16 0,2 0,24 9,92 9,96 10 10,02
1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 , /

,
0,8
4. 0,7
0,6
0,5
2. - 0,4
. , - 0,3
0,2
0,1
1222/2 - 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5 0,55
,
- I, I, A

, . 4. 0,2
0,18
, 0,16
( - 0,14
,
P = 15/2 0,12
0,08
km=1,85) , 0,06
0,04
0,02
5.145.00-0, ,
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5 0,55
I 30512,,32.
. ; .
3. - 5.
. 5

(=0,05 ) . -
.. -
, -
I, I -
, . -
, // -
-
- .. . 2009. 3 (19), 2.
50. .171-177.
.., .., .., -
50 - .. -
- -
, // ...-
- .2014. 4 (25). .68-74.
(
70,3 45,9). 23.03.2015.
106
629.78 3.2015
Requirements for
appearance and basic
design parameters
, of the micro-rocket
complex, designed for
launch of nano, pico
, and femto-size small
spacecraft
..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

, , , , ecologrcd@
daniluk@pochta.ru; wklj59@yandex.ru; i_kuz@inbox.ru; tsniimash.ru;
A.Yu.Daniluk V.Yu.Klyushnikov I.I.Kuznetsov A.S.Osadchenko
The article proposes the concept of micro-rocket

, complex designed to launch nano, pico
and femto-size small spacecraft into
, . the Earth orbit. The requirements for appearance
and basic design parameters of the micro-rocket
. complex are justified. The characteristics
of possible prototypes and analogues
. of this complex are analysed.
: -; Key words: extra-light-lift launch vehicle;
; , micro-rocket; payload mass
. injected into reference orbit.
- (),
, - (Martin Sweeting) (.. .,
- 2010), 1.
, .
20112013 . 60%
: , , (-
.. 1). -
(), , -
1980 . - (Reizniece-Ozola Dana et al., 2012).
1
, , , Federal Enterprise TsNIImash, Russia, Moscow region,
.. Korolev.
107
,

,
1 ( . ., 2006; .., 2009). -
.. ., 2010) , ,

, -
, . , -
1000 300 10

<1000 100 35
500 30 2
, -
50 10 1,5 . ,
110 1 1 : (Vanguard)
100 0,1 1 24 ; -2 (Juno II)
<100 <0,1 1 41 ;
(Scout) -
211 88 (. .,
2006). ,
, -4S
(Lambda-4S), -
59% 9,4 (. ., 2006).
119
116
82 34% 34% ( -1
13% 12% 2565) ( -3, -
45%
28% 27% 100 ). -
27%
-
41% 39% 39%

20022004 20052007 20082010 20112013
.
1.
20112013. ( ) - , , -

, - , ,
8% ( 2), - .
, -
. , -

10 , -
,
200 8% .
-
150 ,
, ,
100 (.. ., 2013):
-- : -
50 -
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 , -
;
2.
( ) -- ( -

- -
, - );
. -- -
, ( )
(.. : , ,
., 2012). , ;
-
- () , , , ;
--
300400 (- .
108
3.2015
, -
. -
, p = popt, -
- .
- I(x, c, popt) ( m)
: I ( x , c , popt ) max m ( x , c , p) (1)
p
-- -

; x, c, p -
-- ;
-- , H, V -
. Q.
(1) :
1. x : -
; , -
;
-
, -
-
;

c ,
, : ;
( 3) (- ..;
.., 2009). p () -
: ,
( ); -

; , -
, ; -

,
.
pi, i=2,n
-
, ,

,

, ..

(t) -
3 -
-

0 m, -

m -
200 ( 4).
j-
pj
pi, i = 2,n, i j m,
9
8
7

pj 6

5
4
3
= (pi), i = 1,n
2
1
m
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0,

4. -
3. - , -

109
,

,
100%
100
79% 74%
80
58%
60
37% 43%
40
29% 28% 24% 19%
20
0

, , , ,
V0=0,185 V0=0,83 V0=2,0 V0=4,0
2- , I=428 3- , I=335
5. (%)
, - ,
. -
- -
. : .
1. -
2.
. , -
2%.
, , -
-
-
( - , .
,
). , -
2. , , ,
. ,
( ).
. -
-
,
- (-
. - ),
, - (.., 2007). -
. -
- , ~104g.
, , , -
, , - .
N(NO2)3 (Rahm M. et al., 2011)
.
( .., 2012). 5 -
(%) -
(,
) , (.., 2012).
, 100%
-
() (.., 2007). - 335 -
- .
110
3.2015
.
0,185, 0,83 2,0 12, , -
4,0 - .
17.
, 4.

, -
. 2 -
-
- .

1415% - PILOT
( (
) ( ). NOTSNIK). -
1958 -
-
=4. ,
, -
. (. ., 2006; -
, ., 1983). 6- -
NOTS 1,
- -
, Douglas F-4D-1 Skyray. NOTSNIK -
, - ,
. , - -.
, -
. - . -
- 22 1958, ,
, - - ,
, . ,
, 4050% 1960- -
(- -
). , NOTS -
: 1.
-
3. , 1977. -
,
-
, - (Strategic Defense Initiative SDI).
(), -
. , -
, -
, Vought, Boeing McDonnell
, Douglas. 1979 Vought -
-. -
, ,
, - ASM-135A ASAT (., 1983).
- - F-15A
(). ASAT (Anti-Salellile), -
ALMV (Air-Launched Miniature
( - Vehicle). 1200, 6,1.
). -
- MHIV (Miniature Homing Intercept Vehicle)
- 15,4 . -
, - 560. ASAT,
111
,

,
2
,
(, )
PILOT
, NPD ALASA
(Precursor
(NanoPayload (Airborne Launch
In-situ Lunar ,
, Delivery), , Assist Space
Oxygen Testbed), , 1997
, 2011 DARPA, 2008 Access), ,
(NOTSNIK) , (.
(- (- 2012
1958 ., 2009)
- - (Airborne
(..,
) ) Launch)
2012)
,

(
- F15E

F4D1 Strike Eagle
F15E F-16)
Skyray -31

, 4,38 10,76 14,4 3,64,0 7,3

6 3 2 >2 2

, 0,95 10,3 ~8,1 <1 10

( ,
12500 1500018000 0 ~12000 12000

),
:
- , ~1002400 300 ( 200 200 200
160)
- ,
1
4
4
-108;

2

1
-108.

,
1,05 120160 100 10 100 45

,
, 1,
1,2 0,1
$ . 0,5
30 1986 . Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA).

1988 ASAT - 2014 Boeing -
. ALASA.
2008 12 . -
- - ALASA -
(DARPA) 2015 , -
NPD (NanoPayload Delivery). , - 2016 .
DARPA ,
- ().

-, , -
. . -
, ,
NPD, Boeing -31.
DARPA - -31 -
112
3.2015
, . -
(1978 .). . URL: http://www.spacelin.
-31, - ru/#!aldan/c99b ( : 19.03.2015).
. 2007 - .. -
. .: , 2012. 333.
-
(- 20022013 .
., 2007). 2020. 2CONSULTING. URL:
www.o2consulting.ru ( : 18.03.2015).
: .., .., -
, - .. -
100. -
, //
- ....2013. 4. .47-52.
. - .. -
- - . 2. -
, - [
- ]: . . / .. ;
. , . . . - .
, , - .. (. . -). . -
, . . (5,6 ). , 2012. 1 . .
- (CD-ROM).
., . .
1 , .: , 2009. 496.
. .., .., ..-

// -
.2010. .114. .15-26.
., . - -
. .: - .
, , 2006. 256. III.
.. . URL: http://unnatural.ru/micboost-3 ( -
- : 21.03.2015).
: . ..
. . . , - //
2012. 152. .2009. 1. .80-88.
.., .., .. - .. -
- //
// - .2007. .12, .1.
....2012. 5. .34-40. .153-155.
.. // Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA).
.2007. 8. .66-71. DARPA. URL: http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/
. // , TTO/Programs/Airborne_Launch_Assist_Space_
, 25.06.2007. - Access_%28ALASA%29.aspx ( :
online. URL: http://newsbabr.com/?IDE=38597 ( 19.03.2015).
: 21.03.2015). RahmM., DvinskikhS.V., FurI., BrinckT.Experimental
. Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3 // Angewandte
(.) // Chemie International Edition.2011. 50. .1145-1148.
.1983. 4. .45-47. Reizniece-Ozola Dana, La Regina Veronica. Business
. - and legal aspects for small satellite control and payload
. URL: http://www.dsnews.ua/politics/ data download using available commercial space-based
art11007 ( : 20.03.2013). communication systems // ISU EMBA. 2012. Module
- () - E Thesis.85p.

() 100 , 23.03.2015.
113
621.396
Multi-zone scanning device

for the Electro-L 1
geostationary
- 1 meteo satellite
..1, ..1,
, ,
gektin_y@mail.ru; ,
Yu.M.Gektin selivanov@spacecorp.ru;
A.S.Selivanov
The operating principle and the design

features of the multi-zone scanning device
-, MSU-GS, intended for use onboard the
geostationary meteo satellite Electro-L 1,
- 1. are considered. The device provides a full survey
5 of the Earth hemisphere during 5minutes with
15 intervals up to 15 minutes in 10 spectral channels
of the visible and infrared (IR) bands with a spatial
1 resolution at nadir of 1km in the visible spectral
4 . band and 4km in the IR-band.
: ; Key words: geostationary meteo satellites;
; The Earth spectrozonal photography;
. scanning device.
(- -
.., 2012; .., 2014) -
- -
... (-
.., .., .. ., 2012).
:
,
-1. . -
- ,
,
-, , -
. .
- - 1
( 15) - -
1
, , JSC Russian Space Systems, Russia, Moscow.
..
114
3.2015
2011
. 2020. -

1994 (.).
( .., 2008). -
- Imager GOES-12 , -
(Effects of Ice Decontaminatoin on GOES-12 Imager : 275 ,
Calibration, 2013). 1:1,25,
(-) 220 , -
- 22,5 . . -
(), : .
-- --. 230
(- -115,
) (3,5 ( ). -
4,0; 5,77,0; 7,58,5; 8,29,2; 9,210,2; 10,211,2; -
12,5 ) - .
4 , - .
- (0,500,65; 0,650,80; 5,79,2 44,36 ,
0,80,9) 1. 3,54,0 51,33,
- 9,212,5 55,5 .
5,79,2 - ( 1)
9,212,5 , -
. .
,
3,512,5 , -
2020, , -
1
3 4 5
0,50,9 1926,1. 6
2
- 12
15

13
0,50,65 0,650,8
2,86+0,33, -
- 8 14
18
16
. 7 19
9
20
10
: 17 21
11
-- ,
- 1 ; 2, 3, 4, 5
; ; 6, 7, 8 -
; 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ; 15, 16, 17
-- ();
; 18, 19, 20
-- ,
; 21 .
;
-- ; 1. -, -
3,512,5
-- .
, -
-
3,5 12,5 , 1. 3,54,0; 5,79,2 9,2
: , 12,5 .
, - . -
, , 3,512,5 -
. -
, - () - (
36523536 ), -
- , - , -
- ,
, - .
. 296 -
115

- 1
11
-
12
CdHgTe (KPT) - 13

14
() -
,
.
3535 . -
-
. - 1
2
-
3
10 96 - 8
. 9,10 5 4
6
- 7
34 35 . .
, - 1 ; 2 ; 3, 4
; 5 , -
- 0,50,65 ; 6 , -
0,80,9 ; 7 ,
CdHgTe.
0,650,8 ; 8, 9, 10 ; 11
- 3,512,5 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14
80 - .
, -
2. -, -
(
0,50,9
).
, .
- ,
0,50,9 , 2. - ,
: , .
, -, -
, - , -
, , 5 .
,
- - 1
.
3, 3.
-
.
- -
, 6000 -
1010 . -
-
- 10
360 10 () 3
9,5 ( - - 7
). 0,50,65; 0,650,80;
, 0,80,9; 0,54,0; 5,77,0;
0,5, 7,58,5; 8,19,2; 9,210,2;
4,75. 10,211,2; 11,212,5
(/), 200,5200,5

- - 1,0/4,0
/, ()
. /
, - 0,50,9 400

0,50,9 , : , - -
300
, - - 3,54,0 0,4
( 1600-2200). - 5,77,0 0,5
- - 7,512,5 0,20,4
, 150
, , 114
, 10
116
3.2015
;
3. - -1
- 2, -
- 1,
- - .., .., .. .
-. - -

- - //
. . ...2012. 1. .3-14.
- ..
// . ...2014.
- - 4. .14-15.
-, - .. -
, - - -
// ...-
(.., .., .2012. 4. .127-134.
.., .., ., 2012). - .. -
- . .: -
- - , 2008. 69 .
-. - .., .., ..,
- .. . -
,
. - -//
, ....2012. 1
-, (12). .3-14.
. Effects of Ice Decontaminatoin on GOES-12 Imager
35/ Calibration // Geo science and Remote Sensing. IEEE
. Transactions, March 2013. Vol.51, Issue 3. .1224-1230.
,
., .. 11.03.2015.
117
629.78.04/.06:621.3.052.62
The development of onboard

harness new technologies
..1, ..1, ..1, .. 1,

shkolniy@iss-reshetnev.ru; yefremov@iss-reshetnev.ru;
, V.N.Shkolniy , S.V.Efremov
kochura@iss-reshetnev.ru; sbsun@iss-reshetnev.ru;
S.G.Kochura S.B.Suntsov
New methods and manufacturing technologies

of spacecraft onboard harness are briefly described.
. The description of the main methods applied
during manufacturing of spacecraft onboard
harness and new materials the harness
, , is composed of is provided that allows reducing
the time of manufacturing and the mass
. of spacecraft onboard harness.
: ; Key words: Onboard harness;
; ; new technologies; designing;
. spacecraft.
() - , -
() - -
. .
510% . - ,
, , - . 2008
-
- . ,
.
-
.. ( ) -
- -
, -
12000,
, , -
- ( 1).
1
- Academician M.F. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems,
.. , , Russia, Krasnoyarsk region, Zheleznogorsk.
, . .
118
3.2015
2.
1. - , -

,
. -
. 3. -

218 ,
09.04.2010 . .

,
,
-
-

.

-
12 46 .
,

, 6 ,
(-1,
-2, -8, Kazsat)
3. ,
: -
, .
-
-
-
-
( 52070-2003, 2003; MIL-STD-
. 1553B, 1978) (1 /) SpaceWire
- (ECSS-E-ST-50-12C,
2. 2008) ( 100/) -
, - . -
, , . -

. .
119

- ,
, -

- , -
. , -
2025%. .
- 7 ,
- . -
; - -
- .
. -
4. - . ,
( -
), - -
- ,
.
-
-
, , -
.
.

-

-
. .
-
-

..
.. (-
.., 2011; PolishchukG.M. et al., 2011).

52070-2003. -
-
. = Bus serial interface of
electronic modules system. General requirements.
. 01.01.2004. .: - , 2003.
28.
.. -
4. -
//
....2011. 3. .3-10.
ECSS-E-ST-50-12C. . Space
- Wire , ,
, = Space engineering. SpaceWire Links, nodes,
, - routers and networks. . 31.07.2008. European
. - cooperation for space standardization.129.
MIL-STD-1553B.
/ -
. - = Digital Time Division Command/
Response Multiplex Data Bus. .21.09.1978. 39.
- Polishchuk G.M., Pichkhadze K.M., Efanov V.V.,
. - MartynovM.B.Space modules of Phobos-Grunt complex
for prospective interplanetary stations // Solar System
-9110-VXI-12000, Research.2011. V.45, 7. .589-592.

. 31.03.2015.
120
629.78(091) 3.2015
The gas-jet propulsion

system for microsatellites
of Pulsar and Interball
programs
..,
info@yuzhnoye.com;
.I.Koshkin
The article overviews a brief history of the activities

performed on the gas-jet propulsion system of
Pulsar and Interball programs in the
frame of the international cooperation on Intercosmos
program between M.K.Yangel State Design Office,
.., .. Lavochkin Association and Czech Geotechnical
. Mechanics Institute.
: Key words:
; Yuzhnoye Design Office;
; . Pulsar; Interball.
80- . .
.., ..- -
() , -
-
(.., ..,
2011). , - .
-
---, ---, ,
-2 - . , -
. .. -
2-, 2-, 2- 2- ,
, ,
- -
( (- ,
.., 2012)). - .
, 1.
1
M.K. Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Ukraine,
.. , , . Dnepropetrovsk.
.
121

5 3
2 4 1
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
1.
5 9
3
1
2 6
11
10
4
8
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6
; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 -
.
2.
122
3.2015
-
-2 -
.
,
-
.

2 3 .
-
-
-- ()-,

.

-2 -
...
,
..

-
, . -

-
3. - .. ,
.., ..-
...
.. -

, .., -
..
, .., ..-
- , .., .., ..-
, 322 -3
2025% - ...
. -
.
- .
.
-
. -
.., ..
. , , //
2- 2- ( . ...2011. 4. .3-7.
) , - .. -
, ,
. . ...1. //
- . ...2012. 4.
, .24-38.
-
. , 02.04.2015.
123
629.783
Orbital arrangement and

control of the rctika-
innovative space system orbital
structure
- (50- (in commemoration of the
50th anniversary of Lavochkin
..) Association space activities)
..1,
,
nazae@yandex.ru;
..Nazarov
The options of orbital arrangement are

overviewed for the rctika-
high-elliptical hydro-meteo space system
-, designed for continuous twenty-four-hour
imaging of the Earth Arctic region, and its
, orbital structure control methods are considered.
. The control objective is a provision of target
task continuous performance during
the space system operational life in
- the environment of major spatio-temporal
, deformation of its orbital structure, stipulated
. by a nonuniformity of the orbital parameters
evolution. The high-elliptical orbits
. of Molniya type are reviewed as the orbits.
- The proposed motion is based on minimization
of the spatio-temporal deformation of the orbital
structure by means of differential selection
of the orbital initial parameters during the space
. system deployment and recovery phases.
: ; Key words: space system;
; ; high-elliptical orbit; orbit correction;
; orbital elements evolution;
; ; dynamic stability; satellite system;
; ; orbital structure; spacecraft;
. operational phase.
1
.. , , - Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia,
, . . Moscow region, Khimki.
124
3.2015
.. -
-
() - =270.
() . - -
-
() , -
1972 1979 . 1979 ()
() .
, 1982 -
. , , -
-
. -
- .
.., ,
45- - -
, -
(), 3,5 +3,5 -
, - .
. ()
,
6,5 -
,
-
.
.

-
..

, -
-.
-

,
-
.

, -

, -
-

. - , -
-
. ,
, , (..
. ., 1975).
-
, , -
-
-
- -
, ,
- .
1
, -, 1
. .
- :
();
- ().
. - () .
125

- (50- ..)
.
-
, ,

(.. .,
2008; .. ., 2009).
-
-
-

.
.

1. i -
- ,
63,4.
1 -
- , -
-

.
, , , , , , , -

335 335 335
1 0
(155)
0
(155)
0
(155)
. ,
,
335 65 65 , .. .
2 90 180 0
(155) (245) (245)
2 -

1 , - T, ,
- . -
( ), -
( ). 1616 -

=270, i=63,0 -
,
h.
.

-
T ,
( 7 ) -
.
().

T, c h = 500
- - 0.36
1000
- 1500
(.. ., 2000
0.21
1981). 2500
() -
0.07
- 0.0
- 0.07
,
0.21
.
,
0.36
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
, ,
- 2.
- T
126
3.2015
, . -
-
T. .
-
-
.- (, =62 =152)
, 5 -

T, 7- (~2555 ) , -
- -
-
.
0,5. ,
2,

1 -
-

.
, , -

T, c i x 103,
0.5 0.5
. i
0.4 0.4
T
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
. 0.1 0.1
. 3
0.0 0.0
-
0.1 0.1
i, ,
0.2 0.2
. 2 3
0.3 0.3
, , T i -
0.4 0.4
,
0.5 0.5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
. ,
4. T i
i, h = 500
0.0005 1000 i,
1500 64.5
= 32
0.0003 2000
2500 64.0 = 2
0.0001 63.5
0.0 = 62
0.0001 63.0 = 332
62.5
0.0003 = 122
= 92
62.0 ,
0.0005 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 5. i -
,

3.
i -
, -
-
4 - -
, () . ,
h=500 .
-
.
127

- (50- ..)
2

, ,

, , ,
-
-
() ( .
) -
( )
6 . 2.
, , -

1 . -
, .
, , ,
. , -
-
-
, - . ,

. -, -
-
- , -
- .
(..,
2007).
-
(.., 2013) -

-

. - ( ).
, , -
h i. -
- 1500

, - ( )
- 2- .
( ) ,
. - -
, -
- .

. -
- .
128
3.2015
, - -
180 - 0 i0=63.
,
5 .
, -
, .. - i0=63
u 0=270
180, - h0 600 2500.
. - 6 7 -
. h0 -
- -
.
0=0 0=180 22.06.2015.
- (
h) -
- .
,
. , ,
- 105.1
h = 1300
.
77.3 1200
, -
90, 49.4 1100

- 21.6 1000

- 6.2
900
. -
34.0

800
61.8
30 45,
700
89.6
6,5.
600
- 117.5
0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555 ,
- 6.
0=0
, h0
. ,
79.5
- h = 2500
i0. 60.7 2400
-
, 42.0
2300
-
2200
23.3
. 2100
4.6
, -
- 14.1 2000
62,7 63,8,
- 32.9 1900

51.6
. 1800
- - 70.3
. - 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555 ,
- 7.
, 0=180
129

- (50- ..)
, ,
45 90
0 - 45
h*0, 30 135
0=0
15
180
-.
0

0, 15 315
h*0 = f (0) - 225
30
-
45 270
. 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555 ,
-
h*0 8. -
3; h0

.
min max -
min max. 7
(2555).
3 , -
-
- 2015 .

0, h*0, min max, min max, -

,
30,6 271,8
1 0 1000 ,
30,5 272,9
. -
44,3 269,5 -
2 45 1150
36,9 273,4 23.06.2015. 23.06.2037.
45,8 267,8
-
3 90 1500
43,5 272,7
-
33,9 268,5 .
4 135 1900
32,4 271,9
-
34,4 268,6 , -
5 180 2000
23,4 271,7
18,6 .
20,5 267,7
6 225 1900
44,6 272,2
.
24,2 268,4 -
7 270 1500
45,2 272,5

25,5 270 h*0
8 315 1100
26,4 272,6 .

8 - -
0 -
- h*0.
. -
3 , -
4 -
45 , .. - h*0
-.
130
3.2015
4 -
- - -
0,

.
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315
2015 1000 1150 1500 1900 2000 1900 1500 1100 5

2017 900 1060 1475 1900 2050 1900 1500 1000

2019 800 975 1425 2000 2300 1975 1450 1000
2021 800 900 1475 2000 2300 2000 1450 900 2015 10001500 10002000 10002000
2023 800 1000 1560 2100 2300 1940 1290 800 2017 9001500 9002050 9002050
2019 8001450 8002300 8002300

9 - 2021 8001475 8002300 8002300

. 2023 8001560 8002300 8002300
h*0, 5 ,
2500 800
2300
2100 (1500 2300
), -
1900
,
1700
2015

1500 2017 ,
1300 2019
2021
.
1100 2023
900
700 .., .., ..
500
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
-
0, . .: , 1975. 232.
.., ..
9. h*0 = f (0)
- -
-
// -
. 2008. 3. .12-17.
4,
.., .., ..-
-

800 2300
- -1//
2019 . 2015 - . ...2009. 1.
1000 2000. .46-52.
0 - .., ..
. - . .: -
, , , 1981. 284.
.. -
, - -
. // -
, - - .
() - 2007. 7. .39-49.
(1+90), .. -
(190), 1
. - -// . ..-
, - .2013. 2. .58-64.
-
. 5 10.04.2015.
131
629.782
On issue of stabilization
of the clusters
of high-orbital satellites
for continuous observations
(in commemoration
(50 of the 50th anniversary
of Lavochkin Association
..) space activities)
..1, ..2, ..1,

, ,
, naz-a-e@yandex.ru; ,
, ..Nazarov sys1434@mail.ru;
swi-55@yandex.ru; Yu.V.Zelenevskiy
V.I.Shestikhin
The article summarizes the main principles

of forming the orbital spacecraft cluster,
temporally and spatially stable, as a part
of satellite systems for continuous observations.
. The stability means a capability of the orbital
cluster to provide the required technical
performances of the satellite system
in environment of adverse effects
of the combined external and internal factors,
, determining the dynamics of the satellite
. cluster orbital arrangement change.
: ; Key words: stability; high-orbital
; ; space system; spacecraft;
; satellite system for continuous observations;
kinematically right orbital structure;
; - spatial-temporal properties
; of observations; multiply-synchronous
. high-elliptical orbits.
1
- 2
.. , , -
- , . .
- , , . . Federal Enterprise Lavochkin Association, Russia,
Scientific-Research Test Center of Central Scientific- Moscow region, Khimki.
Research Institute of the Air-space Defence Military Forces,
Russia, Moscow.
132
3.2015

.. , -
. -
() ,
, - -
. . -
-
( .. ., 2008; .. ., 2009), ,
, - ;
() - -
, - .
. , -
-
.
60- . - -
, ,
- .

. , ,
- -
, .
- -
- , -
. -
.
.
() - -
. -

.
- ().
, - -
.
() (
, ,
.. - , .),

. (-
, .. ., 1979). -
- , -
, , ,
- - ()
. , .

, , , -
.
, -

, -
. .
( ..
. - ., 1993; .., 2007) ,
, -
, , ,
133

(50 ..)
-

( (
(
) ) )

1.
- -
- (
);
, - -- (
);
. (- -- -
.. ., 1978) , -
. , -
( ).
(- ,
),
() -
. , , ,
-
. -
1 , -
. .
- -
,
.
- -
- - , -
() -
: -
-- - , -

- .
(
); .
-- - -
- -
134
3.2015
-
. ,
- .
- -
. ,
- -
,
, - . , ,

. .

, -
, -
- -
. ()
- .
, ,

-
() (.., 1973), , -
- .
: , , -
-- - - -
(). , -

; , -
-- -
.
, (.. ., 1978), -
(-
; ) -
-- -
i,
,
- -
. . T
, - , -

- . ,
. 1964 ,
; -
- . -
. ,
- , -
- . -

- .
()
. -
-
. -

, . - , -
.
135

(50 ..)
- ,
-
2 -
,
j , -

j . .
- -

, -
-
. - .
,
-, -
-

-
. ,

(710 ), -
,
, -
,
. -
(. ).

-
, -
.
-

-
-
: , 40000
n (0,n) - , 700...2000
n n
1 , ..., j , ...,
, 62...65
n j1

t nj1, j
nj , nj1 , nj , nj1 , 42065 44065
min n n

n n n

,

n 0 j 1 t j ,1 j , 1 , j , 1 (0...360)

,

n - , 260320
; . , / 0,7...0,75
t nj 1, j t nj 1, j t jn 1, j t ajn 1 t ajn t aj
n
1 t aj
n

n- -
, 861641000
(-
, tan) - , 35800
. , / ~0
t n j 1, j
, 03

j+1- j -
2
, T ,
j
. -
n
j -
n-
j- .
, -
(n=0), -
. -
136
3.2015
- , j-
,
.
, ,
jn ,

. -
- , -
- .
, , , - -
, (-
-
. -
- ).
-
, -
( . ,
). . -
, -
(.. ., 1978)
,

.
,
n- -
.
-
-

n . -
j = {T,e,i, , , , t}; j = 1 j , n = 0 n , -
j ; ().
T ;
e ;
;
;
k(T) = (T)(T).
;
t ; T

0() n - ().
j ;
,
n .
k(T) n-
n- (-

)
j , -
n
j = {T, e, i, , , , t}.
( , , 0 ) j
j- -

( , 0 ) j

( , 0 ) j ( );
n n n
j = j j . t ( , , 0 ) j
n- -
t ( , 0 ) j t ( , 0 ) j t ( )

n = 0 n , j = 1 j ,
tan ,
jn, j 1 j,n j-1 n j , j 1
, ; ( ) t ( ) -
( jn j-1 ) (n` j j-1 )
( jn j ) ( jn1 j-1 ) jn jn1 . ,

-
, -

, , - 0. ,
, , , -
-
. - .
137

(50 ..)
n
Gj
n tn
j
j=1j,n=0n
n

2.
, - -
- ,
-
j = Sj[1P()j][1P()j][1P()j].
,
. P()j -
- -

().
P()j -
. -
().
- P()
. ()
() -
.
, -

. , ,
- ,
, -
,
, -
. , .
-
- ( ), -

( ,
.
) , -
-
.
,
n- -
-
- 2.
n
. G j
- -
, .
- - ,

n n
n[ ( ), ( 0), P(, , )]j (j=1j ), , -
n n
tn[ ( ), ( 0), P(, , )]j.
(n=0n ) -
138
3.2015

, -
n n
n[ ( ), ( 0), P(, , ), G ]j ( ) -
n n
tn[ ( ), ( 0), P(, , )]j t( ).
;
-
--
-
, -

-
n -
G j .
, -
,
.
.
() -
- .
, -
.
, -
.., ..
- - -
. // -
. 2008. 3. .12-17.
- .., .., .. -
-
- -1//
, - . ...2009. 1.
, - .46-52.
..
, -
-
.
// . 1973. . 11, 1.
-
.59-69.
-, .., ..
. .: -
(.., 2013). , 1979. 445.
.. -
- -
: // -
-- - - .
, 2007. 7. .39-49.
- .. -

; - // . .. -
-- -
.2013. 2. .58-64.
,
.., ..

. .: , 1978. 240.
-
.., .. -
-
, - // -
; .1993. 3. .13-17.
-- -
, - 14.04.2015.
139
629.78.015.036.7
Development and firing tests

of monopropellant and
bipropellant low-thrust
engines by Isayev Chemical
.. Engineering Design Bureau
..1, ..1, ..1,

ea.seleznev@bk.ru; kbhimmash@korolev-net.ru; dorodnikov@bk.ru;
.P.Seleznev I.N.Smirnov ..Dorodnikov
The article overviews a history of Isayev Chemical

.. Engineering Design Bureau in terms of design and
- development of mono- and bipropellant low-thrust
engines for their subsequent usage in spacecraft built
... by Lavochkin Association.
: ; Key words: monopropellant engines;
; ; bipropellant engines; design and development;
; 5.221 firing tests; product 5.221.
,
- -

- ().
-
.. . -
-
-
( .. ., 2014), - .
-
(-
.., 2014). , -
2.
1971 - -
(0,6 ) - .
, - ,
. .. , -
60- 70-
- ,
1
.. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau affiliate of
.. , , , Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Centre,
.. Russia, Moscow region, Korolev.
140
3.2015
,
. , - , :
: --
-, -
;
, -- (0,20,35)
. -
-, ;
- -- -
, -
( , -
).
-, - ;
, - -- - -
. ( ), -
, ( -
), , , - -
. ( );
- -- 106
. , , ,
, - , -
- ;
, --
. , -
, . ;
- -- -
, - -
-;
, .
--

.
,

, -
0,6 2,5
, -

.
(40) , -
, -
. -
, -
, ,
-
-
, .
1971 -
0,6 40.
; ..-
, - -
, . (2,5). 80- -
216. ..
- ()
1 5 .
, -
, . -
- ,
, - ..
.
-
-
, - ,
. ( ..
141
.. ) --
, , -
.
. -
- 10 ( 1) -
.., - ( 2). -
, -
, - 5
. - .
..

-
. -
5.92 2

5.221.
-
..-
-, :
5.140 ( 0,6), 5.145 ( 5),
255.487 (
60 ),
5.154.1000-0 ( 400).
1. 10
-
-
1400 300. -
5.221 ( 5).

-
.
,
-
.
-
.. -
, ,
,
.
.
2.
.. - 216

- -
, - , ..
, .. .. , ..
... ..
- -
. 216 -
. - -
: ,
: ,
-- - - () -
( - . -
) -
; 32,4
142
3.2015
10 1.
+5200 2.
3.
23 4.
26 25 24
5.
6.
7. Dy=400
10 8. V=1000 3
15 9.
21 10.
13
11.
12.
9 18 13.
16 14.
1 15.
14 5 4 3
27 16, 17.
18, 19, 20.
19 21. ()
22.
11 0.00 0.00 23.
H
H H 22 2 24.

25.
5.00 7 26.
12 17 28 27.
8 6
28
3. 10
30/2. 2002
(-9) -
216 - - , -
, .
, , -
.
10 ( 3) - , -
; - .
, , -
: , - ,
-- - -
.
- - -
; -
-- , ,
- -
, ; . -
-- - -
- ...
. , ..-
- ..,
; -
-- - .
.
.
- .. ,

, , - // . ...2014.
- 1. .44-46.
. .., .., .., -
, .. -
5.221 10 -
11 ( // ...-
120), , . 2014. 4. .68-74.
10 -
. 07.05.2015.
143

1. .. ,
(),
( ).
2. ..
. ,
.
3.
.
4. . 15 8 -
. .
5. , :
();
, , ,
( , , ), (e-mail), , -
(57 ), (56 ) ;
;
.
6. ,
4.
7. MS Word 2003, Times New Roman, 14,
. 25 .
8. Microsoft Equation 3.0. -
, 11. , .
9. .
.
10. , .
, , , .
, , , , .
11. , .
Arial Reg, ( ).
12. , ,
, . , -
.
13. :
;
, ( jpeg tiff 300 dpi
4);
( 1015);
.
: (), , , -
, ( ), (), -
.

.: 8 (495) 575-55-63.

,
..
..
..
.. , ..
..
, , -

25.05.2015. 6084/8.
. . 17,2 . . 600 .
-
. , . 92, . 1, . , 125466
-

2015

-

50-

...

,
.
2015

:
..;
;
.. ;

..,
,
, .

, ,
, .

:
-

.
2015 50
.. .
80 ,
32015 . 10
20
.
2018
-25 -

.
2019
-26 -/

,
.
2020
-27 -/

, .
.
2022+
-28 -

,
~2
-29 --2

,

.

.
.

Vest Nik 322

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Vest Nik 322

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

ISSN 2075-6941

hief editor d.eng.,

The projects of advanced and farsighted moon

Our neighbors from Khimki

..1, ..2, ..1, ..1, ..1,

..1, ..2, ..2, ..2, ..2,

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1, .3,

.3, .4, .4, .4, .5,

The article overviews a big series of researches in the

900 IMP6-8 OGO-5.

Bz<0 (.. 4.3

Lets conquer space

.., ..1, ..-1,

The article summarizes the generic information about

- On scientific and technical

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The article summarizes the main results

The successful experience

..1, ..1, ..1,

The article overviews the successful experience

Fifty year collaboration

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The joint efforts of the two enterprises have

On the cooperation between

The article summarizes the history of cooperation

A new generation of spacecraft

-- - .., .., .., -

The main results

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The article presents the overview of the main milestones

The Navigator platform

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The article overviews a description

Usage of submarine ballistic

The article overviews a period of interaction between

..1, ..1, ..1,

- The article covers historical aspects

Practical training at Lavochkin

The results of the practical training received by the

Weight measuring devices for

1 1000 0,30 0,10 +0,30 +0,10 1

0,1 0,3 , , 0,3

From the Vega mission near

81P/Wild 2 67P/Churyumov- 103P/Hartley 2

1P/Halley 19P/Borrelly 9P/Tempel 1

- PTOLEMY (Methods Of Determining and

3. 15:33 GMT. 6. 17:33 GMT.

GUARDIAN GRAPFIC SOURCE:ESA

gc = GM/r2 = 6.6710-111013/(103)2 = 6.6710-4 /2,

: The Vega mission: the way it was

30 In March of the next year there will be

Low-thrust liquid rocket

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The studies have been conducted on development of

..1, ..1, ..1, ..1,

The article proposes the concept of micro-rocket

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0,

30 1986 . Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA).

Multi-zone scanning device

The operating principle and the design

The development of onboard

..1, ..1, ..1, .. 1,