1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Nepal is a mountainous country. Hence most of the areas are very remote and fare from
the approach of the modern technology. The rural sector is occupying an important place in the
national economy of the country in the sense that high percentage of population, more than 80%
live in the rural areas. The overall performance of the country in the area of socio-economic
development in largely influenced by the development of the rural areas. The level of
development of the rural areas as compared that of the urban areas lagged far behind even to this
day. The rural sector is largely traditional and under developed in the country.
The Deuchuli Panighat micro hydro project was reported as feasible for detail study, after
preliminarily surveyed done through field verification adopting carpet approach. For detail
feasibility study of the Deuchuli Panighat MHP. In accordance, this report is the final outcome of
the technical and socio economic aspects of the field survey and interaction during meeting with
Deuchuli Panighat MHP beneficiary.

1.2 Salient Features

General
Source of River : Deusat Khola
Location : Arkhala VDC-4, Nawalparasi
Nos. of Household Benefited : 294 HH's
Load Centre : Deurali, Ghaderi danda, Arkhala.
Nearest Road head : Daldali Bazzar (All-weather road-head)
Distance from nearest road head : About 25 km distance off road from nearest road
Head (Daldali Bazzar)
Ownership Type : Community

Technical Parameters
Gross Head : 74 m
Measured Flow : 110 lps
Design discharge : 65 lps
Overall efficiency : 0.6 %
Power Output : 11kW
Average Subscribed Power : 86 Watt per HH
 1.3 Objective of the Study

Electricity is the basic tool for development activities in any village. With the realization of
this fact this study has been carried out. Basically, the followings are the objectives of the study.
From analyzing various projects the study shows that most of the project fails due to the
improper analysis of the hydrology, failure in civil structure and also in selection of the
appropriate and sufficient electro-mechanical component. Considering all the issues following
adjectives has been noted to carry out the feasibility study of the project.
Hydrological study and flow measurement
Carry out survey for appropriate structures, their location and design
Identification of potential load and load center / demand of power
Identification of environment and issues related to water left
Identify any other suitable measures for the futures sustainability Agriculture
Discuss about the technical and socio- economic aspects of the proposed scheme

1.4 Locations and Accessibility

The proposed micro-hydro project is in Arkhala Village-4, Arkhala-VDC of Nawalparsi

district. Nawalparasi district lies in the Lumbine Zone, Western Development Region of Nepal.
The geographical location of the site is approximately 84' 09'' E and 27' 46'' N latitude. The
altitude of the power house area is about 615 m above sea level. The civil structures of the
project are located along the right bank of Deusat khola
The potential load centers of the project comprises of Deurali, Gharedi danda and Arkhala. The
furthers load center is about 3950 meter from the power house.

1.5 Topography and Geography

The topography and geography condition of the proposed site is found to be fairly stable
enough. The topographical features of the project were judged to be favorable for the
construction work of a Micro Hydro Project. Most of the proposed project area lies in sloppy
area with full of slope terrain. No any sign of major landslide and other instability were found
during the site visit.

Geologically the proposed site is predominated by sedimentary and metamorphic rock

consisting of shale, mudstone and limestone. All the structure of the proposed MHP lies on the
right bank of the Deusat khola.
The proposed intake and diversion location is at the right bank of Deusat Khola, and lies in stable
place and possibility of bed scouring is also less. The alignment of the headrace runs through
right bank of the Deusat Khola, which consists of hard rock, normal rock and mud.
 1.6 Climates and Vegetation.

The proposed project site is located in Nawalparsi district. The district lies in the MIP
region 7, which is categorized as hilly catchments. The two seasons of the year are well marked
with typical variations. The climate is suitable for growing different types of plant and
vegetation. The natural vegetation in this project area changes with the variation in elevation, soil
regime and slope. Agriculture is the most predominant land use pattern of the area both
geographically and economically. Major land use category of includes agriculture land, forest
and bushed, hard rock, rivers and stream banks. The natural vegetation around the project area
consists of bushes, soft wood trees and hard wood trees. Major agricultural products maize,
wheat, millet, rice and potato etc. and vegetables and fruits are also available.

2. METHODOLOGY
The entire work for the pre-Feasibility study was carried out in two stage field work and
desk (office) work.

2.1 Field Work

The survey team comprised of 5th semester students and project manager Er.Sushil Giri.
The survey was performed with the active participation of the developer and the villagers.
To start with, the team made a comprehensive reconnaissance survey around the village and
along the existing canal and stream bank with the villagers. Consultations were made with local
teachers, social workers and senior citizens of the locality, who were present in the village during
the time. With the thorough analysis of the situation, detailed measurements were carried out to
locate the best suitable intake, proper canal alignment, stable forebay location and powerhouse.
The team carried out overall engineering survey of intake area, alignment of the headrace
conveyance, forebay and powerhouse locations and exit of the water (tailrace and spillway). The
transmission/distribution line was also measured by eye judgment with due considerations of
having least adverse impact on environment and aesthetics. During attention was given to have
multipurpose use of water, both for irrigation and power generation.

2.2 Desk Work

After the completion of the fieldwork, the team proceeded to analyze the data and work
out designs of various components. This pre-feasibility study is the outcome of the Pre-survey
conducted.
3. HYDROLOGY

The source of flow is Deusat Khola, which is a perennial stream. The flow in the stream
was carried out During Prefeasibility study. The site lies on the MIP region 7. The design
discharge was calculated considering about 85% of 12-month exceedance, 5% for water losses
and 10% for downstream release and 65 lps is taken as design discharge, which is quite safe for
the 12 month exceedance.

4. POWER/LIGHTING DEMAND

Before effective design of hydropower project, one must consider the coordinated use of the
stream water for power generation as well as other local purposes. The site for the powerhouse is
selected in such a way that the water from the tailrace can safely be discharge to the parent
stream. No serious water right issues have been observed during the survey.

The overall efficiency of the plant is taken 55%.

(Penstock efficiency = 95%,
Turbine efficiency = 70%,
Generator efficiency = 83% and
Drive System efficiency = 96%).

The design discharge of the MHP is 65 lps and gross head is 74 m. Hence,

Power (P) = (Q* Hg * *)/1000

= (65 *74*0.60*9.81)/1000
= 11 kW
Where,
Q = Discharge, 65 lps
H = Gross Head in, 74 m
= Overall Efficiency of Project (60%)
= Specific Weight of Water, 9.81 KN/m3
5. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY

This format is intended for pre-feasibility study of Micro-Hydro Schemes.

1. General Information

1.1 Name of source.: Deusat khola

1.2 Location: District: Nawalparsi district. VDC: Arkhala VDC
Village name: Deurali, Upallo Arkhala, Gharedidanda, Boja Ward no.:4, 5&6

1.3 Date of site visit (day/month/year): From 28/04/2073 to 31/04/2073.

Table: 1 Local People/Villagers contacted/Interviewed
Name Address Occupation
1. Khadak Bahadur Lungeli Arkhala VDC-4 Farmer
2.Min Bahadur Ale Arkhala VDC-4 Farmer
3.Budhha Saru Arkhala VDC-5 Farmer
4.Tak Bahaur Sosoling Arkhala VDC-6 Health post incharge
5.Bhupal Lungeli Arkhala VDC-6 Farmer

1.4 Site accessibility

Name of nearest road head: Mahendra Highway.
Road head type: Seasonal type of roads from the Daldali Bazzar
Walking distance from nearest road head to project site: 3km

2. Scheme Information
2.1 Name of river/stream: Deusat khola
2.2 Intake location: The intake is located on the downstream end of outer curve on a dry land on the
bank of straight river section.
 2.3 Flow Measurement
Flow measurement using the salt dilution method for at least two times to be carried out at the proposed
headwork site.
Table: 2 Data of Salt Dilution
Amount of Salt 1500 gram 2500gram
Time Reading 1 Reading 2
0 94 94
5 94 95
10 94 95
15 109 95
20 152 95
25 170 95
30 143 102
35 137 207
40 131 265
45 126 239
50 120 220
55 119 195
60 110 162
65 113 160
70 109 155
75 107 143
80 111 140
85 107 121
90 106 141
95 101 117
100 102 121
105 100 109
110 100 114
115 99 110
120 98 108
125 97 103
130 97 106
135 97 104
140 97 100
145 96 102
150 96 101
155 96 100
160 96 98
165 96 97
170 96 97
175 95 96
180 95 96
185 95 96
190 95 95
195 95 95
200 94 94
 205 94 94

3. Headwork
3.1 Canal profile
Alignment topography:
Open canal lengths & corresponding chainages: 1008m open stone pitching channel Headrace pipe
lengths & corresponding chainages
Landslides & slope stability:
There is a normally stable & sloppy type of land so that there is no any occurrence of landslides.
Landslide at canal alignment:
S.N Chainage Length
1 NA NA

River Crossing
S.N. Chainage Length
1 NA NA

Soil type along canal section:

The head race canal is coming across the some parts of hard rock and boulder missed clay. There is not so
difficult to drown out the canal across it.
Canal slope: 1.10

3.2 Settling basin and fore bay

Settling basin:

The Desilting basin has been proposed for removing the particles of size greater than .2mm and
more with vertical velocity of .022 m/sec. the flushing frequency of the settled particles is assumed to be
12 hours the proposed desilting basin is located at about 90 meter from the intake. The size of the settling
 area of the basin is designed as 8m *2m. The desilting basin has been proposed to construct with 1:2:4
RCC base slab and stone masonry with 1:4 c/s mortar and plastering inside.

Forebay:

The forebay tank has been proposed at 1008 meter from the intake. The size of settling zone is
5m*1.2m. A fine trash rack of size 1.2 m*1.0m has also been proposed at the entrance of the penstock
pipe.
A flushing pipe with flushing cone of .2m diameter opening has been proposed to remove the
collected particles. The flushing pipe is also capable for spilling the design discharge so spillway is not
provided. 76m length of stone masonry canal is proposed to spill the water to the gully.

3.3 Penstock profile

Table: Abney Level/Theodolite Readings
Station No First
Chainage (A) Angle () Head
(A Sin)
Fore bay to1

1-2 25.30 41'30'' 16.69

2-3 30 48'10" 22.32
3-4 25 38'20" 15.46
4-5 20 39'40" 12.69
5-6 12 35'10" 6.9
Total 112.30 74.06

3.4 Power house

Location of Power house:
The power house is proposed at the right bank of Deusat khola. The outside dimension of the
powerhouse building including operator's quarter is 8.85 m * 5.40m. The power house has been proposed
to construct in mud mortar and plaster with 1:4 c/s mortar on inside wall and pointing with 1:3 c/s mortar
on the outside wall. 1:2:4 PCC has been proposed for flooring and 26 Gauges CGI sheet for roofing.

3.5 Tailrace
The dimension of tailrace is 1.0*.5m with Stone Masonry has been proposed and length of the tailrace is
30m from the power house
6. HYDROLOGICAL CALCULATION OF MHP

7. TIME SHEDULE

Activities Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Site selection, Preliminary survey,

proposal preparation and
submission
Planning and data collection

Detail survey

Analysis and Correction,

Rate Analysis
Documentation

8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

From the preceding analyze and discussion, it is found out that the project is technically feasible.
The implementation of project will provide quality of lighting for household purpose as well as
reliable and environmentally safe power for end use applications. The output water from power
house can be used for local irrigation as per villagers demand.
9. REFRENCESS

1. Mini-Grid Support Programme, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre,

Kathmandu, Nepal (2002), Peltric Standards.
2. Mini-Grid Support Programme, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre,
Kathmandu, Nepal (2003), Preliminary Feasibility Studies of Prospective Micro-
hydro Projects
3. Mini-Grid Support Programme, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre ,
Kathmandu, Nepal(2003), Guidelines for Detailed Feasibility Study of Micro-
Hydro Projects
4. European Small Hydropower Association (1998), Layman's Guidebook on How
to Develop a Small Hydro Site
5. BPC Hydro consult, Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG),
Kathmandu, Nepal (2002), Civil Works Guidelines for Micro-Hydropower in
Nepal.
6. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Report on
Standardization of Civil Works for Small Hydropower Plants
7. GTZ/Department of Energy Development, Energy Division, Papua New Guinea,
Micro Hydropower Training Modules (1994), Modules 1-7, 10, 13, 14 & 18B
8. Helmut Lauterjung/Gangolf Schmidt (1989), Planning of Intake Structures,
GATE/GTZ, View
9. Allen R. Inversin (1986), Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook, A Practical Guide to
Design and Implementation in Developing Countries, NRECA International
Foundation, 1800 Massachusetts Avenue N. W., Washington, DC 20036.
10. Adam Harvey et.al. (1993), Micro-Hydro Design Manual, A guide to small-scale
water power schemes, Intermediate Technology Publications, ISBN 1 85339
1034.
11. Design Manuals for Irrigation Projects in Nepal (1990), Planning and Design
Strengthening Project (PDSP), His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Ministry of
Water Resources, Department of Irrigation. United Nations Development
Programme (NEP/85/013)/World Bank.
12. Salleri Chialsa Small Hydel Project (1983), Technical Report, DEH/SATA, ITECO
13. P.N. Khanna (1996), Indian Practical Civil Engineer's Handbook, 15th Edition,
Engineer's Publishers, Post Box 725, New Delhi - 110001.
10. SOME PICTURE DURING PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY