15 August 2017
increasing freedom for newer and higher
Renato Constantino (download online)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK in Studying PH
History:
Philosophy of History
Peoples History
Multi-culturalist History
Kasaysayan may saysay, nakaugat sa kultura
History as a critical narration of significant events
to Philippine culture and experience as a people.
Pattern of History:
Continuity
Change
Sources:
Written
Oral--- PH History focuses on
Elements of History:
Man-most important, determines how
important the time and place are
Time
Place
HIStory should be gendered/gender conscious (where
is the woman), positivist and scientific (validating
hypotheses). But sources are usually oral and hard to
authenticate and contextualize (i.e. Heneral Luna)
****FIND ACCEPTABLE AND FACTUAL
SOURCES FOR THE PRESENTATION****
1. Check sources
2. Find elements
TRIPARTITE
15651898
liwanagdilimliwanag
1565-1898: DILIM, Dark age
RENATO CONSTANTINO: Filipino Perspective
Towards a Peoples History
Filipino historians were captives of Spanish
and American historiography (PHhis was then
viewed with their prejudice; no Philippine
individualism)
Principal focus should be the anonymous
masses, collective lives and struggles. Not
heroes and protagonists but history as a
collective.
Not the story of man as an individual, but man
the collective
Without society there can be no history and
there are no societies without man
An individual has no history apart from
society and society the historical product of
people in struggle (for continuity/change)
History recorded struggle of people for ever
realizations of the human person; a
collective/mass of human beings who are
therefore motivators of change and of history
History is not merely a chronology of events;
it is not the story of heroes and great men.
Essentially, history consists of the peoples
efforts to attain a better life.
Problem: PHhis is focused on the lives of the
heroes. The people have been taken for
granted.
No supermen exist, only leaders who became
great because they were working with and for
the people.
Inarticulate individuals= people not written
about=the collective correct appraisals
PHhis is LINEAR PROGRESSIVE. We move
outward/forward.
RESIL MOJARES: National Narratives
Anything processed by memory is fiction
Biases in history
Subjective to the narrator
1565- PH is challenged by foreign invaders;
1872- Cavite-GOMBURZA; 1896- Revolution
problem of reconstruction based on
interpretation
problem: historians can reconstruct or change
what happened in the past
to narrate the past is to stake out a claim
against indeterminacy and such indeterminacy
hounds the narration as part of its condition
exclusions destabilize narratives claim to
wholeness
decentering moves will be deployed to free
the past from hegemonic claims of narrative
self
how we remember tells us how important
LESLIE BAUZON: Multi-Culturalist History
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