1. (a) We use Eq, 208: Fy =|glvB sind = (+32 x 10-1 C)(550 m/s)(0.045 T) (sin52°) = 6.2 x 10-18 N. (0) @= Fa/m = (62 » 107 N) (6.5 x 1077 kg) = 9.5 « 108 m/s? (6) Since itis perpendicular to 6, Fy does not do say work on the pactiel, ‘Thus from the workeneray theorem hoth the kinetic energy’ and the spect of the particle remain unchanged. 3B. (a) Bq. 29-8 beads to __ Fs 6.50 10“ N = NS = OU 10 rs = ising ~ WoO TP CAO Toyama MT (b) The kinetic energy of the proton is kK ky 1.34 10-8 J not 2a.er a0 Thisis (1.94 » LO" T/(1.00 x LO! I/eV) (@) The texthook uses “geomagnetic north to refer to Earth's magnetic pole Iying in the northern lemisphere. ‘Thus, the electrons are traveling northward, The vertical component of the magnetic field is dvuward. ‘The right-hand rule indicates that 7 x B is to the wes, but since the electrcn is negatively elagged (and F = gf B), the maguetic free on it is to the eas. (b) We combine F = m.a with F = evBsing, Here, Bsino represents the dowiwvard component of Earth's field (ziven in the problem), This, a = evB/m,.. Now, the electron speed can be foun from its kinetic energy. Since K’= dmv IK AAA. TeV) my = 0.40 < 10" m/s Therefore T eB (1.60 x 10-" C640 «10° m/s) 65.0 Te TAT 10 i Gor ns (©) We ignore any vertical deflection of the beam which might arise due to the horizontal component of Earth's field, Technically, then, the electron should fellow a citeular are. However, the deflection is so small thet mony of the technicalities of circular geometry may be ignored, atl a saleulation loug the lines of projectile wotion aualysis (see Chapter 4) provides an adequate sppeaxinuation: As 0.200 a Arsut == t= = Tame which yields a time of f= 308 x 10-* s, Then, with our y avis arienterl eastward 0.40298 m elope wy . at® = 4 (6.27 « 10") (3.08 x 10 3 dG (a) Equating the magnitude of the dectrie force (F = eE) with that of the magnetic force (Ea. 29.3) ‘we obtain B= E/sinp. The fed smallest when the sino factor is at Es Ingest valu: that shen 6 = 90°, Now, we nse K= 4mm to find the spect: (Re (2.5 x 10% eV) (1.60 107 FeV) Tat x 10 ke 96 x LO" m/s Thus, 10 10°V, Wx wy =34y 0D ‘The maguetie field must be perpendicular to both the electric field and the velocity of the electron, (b) A proton will pass tindaflected if its velocity is the same as that of the electron, Roth the eleetrie and magnetic forces reverse direction, but they still eaneel, 8. Straight, fine motion will result from zeto net force acting on the system; we ignore gravity. Thus F = gE +a x B) =0. Note that 0.1 so |r x £| = 0B. Thus, obtaining the speed rom the formula for kinetic energy, we obtain11, Since the total force given by F = e+ x B) vanishes, the ebetrie fic! E uunst be perpendicular to botl the pastcle velocity au the taugutie fed B, The magnetic fel is perpen to tte velocity, so tH has magnitude eB and the tzagnitude ofthe electric fleld is given by B = vB. Since the pattsle has chargo © and is accelerated through a potential differonce V, drm? = eV and » = y/BeV/m. Thus, (Gay (LOO 10 kaya 13, (a) In Chapter 27, the cloctris fiel1 (called E;- in this problem) which “drives” the enrtent through the resistive unalerial is given by Eq. 27-11, which (in maguitude) reals E> = pJ. Combining this wit Eq, 27-7, we obtain Eo = pnevs Now, regarding the Hall effect, we use Fa, 29-10 to write = neB. Dividing one equation by the other, we get E/Ee = B/nep. (b) Using the value of ecpper’s resistivity given int Chapter 27, we obtain ER Os Ep RE PO I 15, From Eq. 20-16, we find met _ (94115 107 au)(1.3 > 10" m/s) Be = Td Coa) 1x8 T 17. (a) From K = dingo we got NID 9.05 x 107 m/s (b) From = 467» 10! T TP Cs0 10 In) (©) The “orbital” frequency is 207 » 107 m/s Brae Teeny ~ P31 10 Ha () T= 1/f = 1.81% 0 Ha)! = 7.68 « 10-4 s 19. (a) The frequency of revolution is Bq___ (05.0 x 10-6T)/1.60« 10-0) ne (O11 x 10-17 kg} and (b) Using Eq. 29-16, we obiain met VBmeK _ YAO TO ay OEY A a Tao IOP Caso Ty 21. So that the magnetic fis has an effeet on the moxing elections, we nced non-negligible component of B vo be peepanliculae to ¢ (the cloctton velocity). 1 is ust efficient, therefore, to orient the magnetic field so itis perpendicular to the plane of the page. Tie magnetic force on aa elestron has magnitule Fy = evl3, and the acceleration of the dcctron has magnitude a = v/r, Newton's second law yields evB = m,%#/r, so the radius of the circle is given by r= mgv/eB in agteement with Eq, 20-18. The kinetic exergy of the ebetron is K = $inqv?, so v = V2 7me. Thus, me PE [mee 0.964 1 This must be less than d, s0 [mk a If the electrons are to travel as shown in Fig, 20-98, the magnetic field must be out of the page. Then the maguetic foree is toward the center of the circular path, as it must be (in order to make the drcular ‘motion possible),23, Referring to the solution of problem 19 part (hb), we see that r= VB /aB implies K = (raB)?/2ne @m-!. Thus, (a) Ka = (as/a9)*mp/m,)K, = QP20/A)Ky = Ky = LOMCY: (b) Ka (11/2) Kp = 1.0 MeV 2 = 0.50MeV. (an/ ay) rp /ma)K, 25. (a) Wesolve for B fom m = Bqr?/SV (see Sample Problem 29.3) =0405 T ana (b) Let N’ be the number of ious that are separated by the machine pet unit time. ‘The curcent is 7 =aN and the mass that is separated per unit time is M =mN, where m is the mass of a single jon, M has the value = 100. 10° ke M = a = BTS x10 kes Since 2 M/mvwe have GML _ (820 10-1 C)(2.78 x 10-® ku/s) m BOD I pees (c) Eadh ion deposits energy Vin the cup, so the energy deposited in time At is given by B= ig At = =iWar For At = 1.0h, B= 2.27 x W- A)(100 x 10° V)(30008) = $17 x 10° To obtain the second expression, #/¢ is substituted for NV 27. (a) If vis the speed of the positron then vsind is the component of its velocity in the plane that is, perpendicular to the magnetic field, Herm © is the angle between the velocity ancl the tield (89°) Newton's second law yields eBusind =m, (osin 6)2/r, where © is the radius of the orbit, Thus r= (m,s/eB) sin 9. The period is given by dre 2r(0.11< 10" he) Tsing eB x PCO = 6x10" ‘The equation for r is substitutel to obtain the second expression for T. (0) The pite is the distance travel slons the ine of he wage Held in a time interval of one period. Thus p= eT eos. We use the kinetic neg to fie the speed: K = dime? means AR feommPaye ie aye Ta O11 x 10 ke 651 LO? m/s Thus . (51 x 107 m/s) @.58 107!" 5) eos80" = 1.7% 4 (©) Theorbit radius is musing _ (9.11 x 1079 ky) (2.651 x 107 m/s) sin 80° ROD Cyan) =15x 10% m 29. (a) —g, from conservation of charges. (b) Each ofthe two particles will move in the same circular path, initially going in the opposite divection. ‘After traveling half of the circular path they will collide. So the time is given by t= 7/2 = rm/Bq (where Eq. 29-17 has been used).31. We approximate the total distance by the number of revolutions times the circumference of the orbit corresponding to the average energy. This should bea good approximation since the deuteron receives the twice in each eyele, and each time it receives an energy of gl” 16,0MEY, the number of revolutions it makes is sne energy each revolution and its period does wot depenel on its energy. The deuteron accelerates (0 x 108 eV, Since its final ences 16.6 x 10" eV Yeon avy 1M Tis averaue energy duving the accelerating process is S3McV. The radius of the orbit is given by = mo/gB, where v is the deuteron's speed. Since this is given by v = YIK7m, the radius & For the average energy ¥ 0375 The total distance traveled is abour ner = (104)(2x)(0.975) = 24 x 10? m, 88, The magnitude of the magnetic foree on the wire is given by Fy = iLB sind, where é is the current in the wire, Lis the length of the wire, B is the magaitule of the magnetic field, and @ is theangle beeween the current and the field. In this ease = 7. Thus, Fe = (S000 A)(100 m)(61.0 107 T)sin 7” = 28.2.N We apply the right-hand rule to the vector product Fry =7E » B to shove that the foree is to the west 35, The magnetic force on the wire must be upward and have a magnitude equal to the gravitational force mg on the wire, Applying the right-tand rule reveals that the curreat must be from left to right. Since the field and the curcent are perpendicular to each other the magnicude of the magnetic force is given by Fy = HEB. where Lis the length of the wire. Thus; rng (0.0130 kx) (9.8 m/s?) TE TMU 37. The magnets force nnst push horizontally on the rod to overcome the force of friction, but it ean be oreated s0 that it also ptlls yp om the rod and thereby resis both the norma force and the force of friction, The forces acting on the rod are: F, the force of the magnetic field; mo, the magnitude of the (downsvard) force of gravity: N. the normal bce exerted by the station rails upward cn the ro: and f. the (horizontal) force of friction. For detniteaess, we assume tie rod ison the verge of moving svar, which means that Fnoints west (onl is ena to its maxima possible vale o.N). Thi iLB = mg O67 A F hasan eastward comporent F- and ax upward component F,, which ean be related to the components ff the magnetic field once we assunue a direction for the current in the rocl, Thus, again for detinitoness, wwe assume the eurent flows necthward. Then, by the righthand rule, a downward component (By) of B will produce the eastward F,, oud a westward compouent (B,.) will produce the upward F,. Specitcally, F,=iLB; aul Fy =1L By Considering forces along a vertical axis, we dnd N=mo—F, = mg—ibB, 0 that F = Sage =u (9 ~iLBu) It is on the verge of motion, so we st the horizcntal acceleration to zero: Fe @ = LBy= 4. (mg-iLB,) The angle of the field components is adjustable, and we can minimize with respect to it, Definins the ange by By = Bsind and By = Beos@ (which means @ is being measured from a vertical axis) and welling the above expression ix Hee ters, we obtain para Bet Teast + asin) 1, (mg ~iLBsin®) which we dfferentiate (with respect to 6) ani set the result equal to zero, This provides a determixation of the angle: taa~(0.60) 9 = tan i) ar Consequently 0.60(1.0 kg) (98 m/s?) OAT Ouyess + 00ST) =010T30. The applied field has two components: B. > O.and B, > 0, Corsidering each straight-segruent of the rectangular coil, we note that Eq. 29-25 produeas a non-zero foree only foe the component of £F which, is perpendicular to that sezmveat: we also uote that the equation is effectively wnultiplied by IV = 20 due to the fact that this is.a 20-turn coil. Since we wish to compute the torque about the hinge line, we eam Jgnore the force acting on the straight-sqgment of te coil which Ties wloay the y axis (forces acting. at te axis of rotation produce uo torque abont that axis). The top and bottom straight-sogments experience forces due to Eq. 29-26 (cansed by the B. component), but these forces are (by the right-hand rule) in they directions and arethus unsble to produce a torque about the y axis, Consequently, the vorqae derives completely from the force exerted on the stright-segment located at » = 0.050, which has length £ = 0.10 m and is shown in Figure 29-36 carrying eurremt in the —y direction Now, the Be component will produce a force ou this straight-sezinent whick points in the —zr direction (back towarils ‘the hinge) and thus will exert no torque about the hinge. However, the B, component (which is equal to Dow where B = 0.40) T aud # — 20°) prochices a force equal to NiLB, which points (by the right-haad rule) in the +2 direction, Sines the action of this force is perpendicular to the plave of the coil, and is located a distance 2 away from the hinge, thew the torque lias mnaguitude 7= WiLB,) (2 tLe B cos 8 = (20) (0.10) (0.10}(0.050) (0.50) cos30° = 0.0043, in SI mits (Sm). Since * = F, the cretion of the toraue | —#, An alternative way to do this problem is throngh the use of Eq. 20:37. Wed ot shor those deenis here, but note that the rznetie moment veotor (2 necessary part of Ea, 2-87) has magnitude (a =e — 20)(0:10) 0.0050.) and points in the ~= direction At this point, By. 830 may be ued to obtain the result for the torque vector. 41. IFN closed loops are formed from the wite of length E, the circumference of each loop is E/N, the radius of wach loop R= E/2nd¥, aul tbe area of each loup iy A= eR? = n(L/2nN)* = L4/4nN#. For maximum torque, we crient the plane of the loops parallel to the magnetic fied, so the dipole moment is perpenticur to the field, The magnitude of the torque fs then v= xuar= wen) to have the smallest pessible value, 1. Then 7 = ul B/An. ‘To maximize the torque, we take J 43. Consider an infinitesimal seginent of the loop. of length ds. The maguetic field is perpendicular to the segment, so the magnetic force on it is bas magnitude dF = iB ds. ‘The horizontal component of the force has magnitude dF, — (Beos®) ds and points inward toward the conter of the loop, The vertical component has magnitude dF, = (1B sin®)ds and points upward. Now, we sum the forces on all the segitents of the Joop. The lorizutal component of the total force vanishes, since each segment of wire can be paired with another, diametrically opposite, segment. The herizontal components of these formes are both toward the center of te loop aud thus in opposite directions. Che vertical component of the total force is F, (Bsinb)2ra sind ft We note the #, Band @ have the same value for every segment snd so can be factored ftom the integral, 45, (a) Thecurrent in thegalvanometer should be 1.62m when the potentil difference across the resistor- walvuoueter combination is L00V. The potential difference across the yalvawomecer alone Is OR, = (1.62 x 108 A)(75.9Q) = 0.122 V, so the resistor must be in series with the galvarometer and the potetial difference across it must be 1.00V ~ 0.122 V = O,S7SV. The resistance should be (O.S7SV)/(1.52 x 10-* A) = 512.0 (b) The current in the galvanometer should be 1.62mA when the total current in the resistor and galvanovicter combination is 6(.0.uA. ‘The resistor should be in parallel with the galvauoucter and the curreat throug it should be50.0mA ~1.621A = 48.38 mA. The potential difference across the resistor is the same as that across the galvanometer, 0.122 V, so the resistance should be f= (0.122 V)/(A838 » 10-8 A) = 252 9. 49, (a) The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is given by pr = NiA, where V is the number of lucas, #is the cutreut in each turn, aud A is the acea of a lvop. Tn this case the loops are clreular so A=ar?, where r isthe radius ofa turn, Thus 2.30 Am? Tom (b) The maximum torque occurs when te dipole moment is perpeniiculir to the field (or the plane of the loop is parallel to the fild). It is given by 2.80A-m?) (85.05 10-9) = 805 « 10-* Nom417, We tse By, 20.37 where is the magnetic dipole moment of the wire loqp ant fis the magnetic field as well as Newton's second law. Sinos the plaae ofthe loop is parallel to the incline the dipole moment Ss normal to tie inline ‘The forces acing on the esinder are the force of gravity mo, actin dowrneate from the center of mass, the wornal free of the inline 1, acting perpendicularly to th incine throu the center of nissan the force of frictin ating up tae incline at the point ofeontact, We take the axis toe positive down the incline, Then the x component of Nesrtor’s second lave for the eater of amass yields mgsind— f = me For purposes of calculating the torque, we take the axs of the evlinder to be the axis of retation, The uagneticfield produces a torque with magnitude 1 Bsind, and the force of friction produces a torgue with suagnituds fr, whero ris the radius of the eylinder, ‘The first tends to produce an angular acceleration in the counterclockwise direction, and the second tends to produce an anguler acceleration in the clockwise direction, Newton's second law for rotation about the center of the eylinder, + = Ja, gives fr pBsind = Ta Since we want the current that Lolds the eylinder in place, we set a =O and a = 0,and use one equation to climinote f from the other. The result is mgr = j.B. The loop is rectangular with two sides of length, Lani two of length 2r, so its area is A = 2rL and the dipole moment is p= Nid = 2NirL. Thus, mgr = 2VirLB aud ma (o250ks\(28m/s*) 4 ys INLB ~ Fi0.H (0.100 myos007) ~ >? 1. (a) The ares ofthe loop is A= 4(@0em) (4em) = 60 x 10? em, 0 = tA = (5.0) (60 v 10> m2) = 0.20 Arn? (b) The torque ow the Loop 1s HB sind = (0.30.2) (80x 10° T) sin90? = 24 x 10-? Nw 58, (a) Themagnitule of the magnetic moment vector is w= Dds = afi +0 (700 A)((0.300 m)? + (0.200 u)2] = 2.86 A-m? (0) Now. (7.00 A){(0.300 m)? — (0.200 m)$] = 1.10 rin? 55. The magnetic dipole moment ijt = p(0.60i—0:30}), whute w = NiA = Ninr® = 1(0.208)x (0.080)? Anse" Am, Hine i the eurert inthe lop, Ni the uber of tens, A isthe pen othe loop and ris its ead (a) The toraue is # = ite B=p(ne0i—a.sni s (0.954 40.208) 1 [0.60)(0.30)(4 » &) ~ (080)(.25)6j « — (0.80)(030)45 « B)] u[-O.18)+ 020k ~ 0.244) Here ix k = —j j xi = —K. and j x k= iare used. We also usei x i= 0. Now, we substitute the value for pt to obtain (-197 30-1225 14) +800 174) Nw (b) The potential energy of the dipole is given by U = f= —n(0.004- 080) .251-+ 020%) ~1(0.60)(0.25) = 0.15 = 6.0 10-8 J Here ti Ji=0, and are used, BT. Since the velocity is constant, the net foree on the proton vanishes. Using Eq. 29-2 and Eq. 23.28, we obtain the requirement (Ea, 20-7) for the proton's speed in terms of the erossed fields = £ _. &~(s0m/s\(0.00207) — 0.0 V/m 3 (om/sy( ) | Dy the right-han rus, the magnetie force points in the & dnection, To cancel this the electric force ius: bein the —k dinetion, Since q > 0 for the proton, we conciade = -0.10¥V/mk50, Using Eq, 20-2 and Eq. 320, we obtain Fa a(v.By~ vyB)k =4(0e(3Be) ~ vB.) sere we ase the fact thet B, —AB,. Sine the force (t the start considera) is FLA where Fy = GA x 107 N, then we are led to the condition, F, gue — ey) 4(t,—y)Be=F => B Substituting V; = 2.0m/S vy =4.0m/s and q = ~1.6 x 107", we obtain By