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Mr.Ruchir Shrivastava1
1 Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RSR Rungta College of Engineering and Technology Bhilai-
490024 (C.G), India.
51/617, Tarun Nagar, Kushalpur, Raipur, C.G., India 492001
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Abstract - Connecting rod is a major mechanical element arising in account of reciprocating action (both tensile as
for any vehicle engine .It transmits push and pulls from the well as compressive), where as bending stresses are
piston pin to the crank pin with the help of pressure of burnt responsible for the centrifugal effects. The major parts of
gases in the engine piston cylinder thus converting the connecting rods are long shank, a small end and a big end.
reciprocating motion of piston into rotamotion of the crank. The cross-section of the shank may be rectangular, circular,
The connecting rod is therefore considered as a key tubular, I-section or H-section. Often circular section is used
component in terms of reliability and performance of an for low speed engines while I-section is preferred for high
engine. In the present investigation a 4-stroke petrol engine of speed engines. There are manufacturing processes like
a specified model Hero splendor, market available connecting casting, forging, and powder metallurgy. Connecting rod is
rod is selected for the static load analysis. A parametric model subjected to a complex state of loading. It comes under high
of connecting rod is modeled using CRE-O (2.0) software. cyclic loads of the order of 108 to 109cycle. Which range from
Analysis has done by using ANSYS (APDL) software. Static high compressive loads due to combustion, to high tensile
analysis is done to determine von-misses stresses, strain, shear loads due to inertia [1].
stress and total deformation and comparing the results for
different aspects of design like stress concentration due to Failure of a connecting rod, it called "throwing a rod" .It is
sudden change in the cross section and factor of safety for one of the most common causes of catastrophic
static load condition. In this analysis two materials are
selected and analyzed. The software results of two materials Engine failure in cars, when rod broken then frequently
are compared and utilize for designing of connecting rod. putting the broken rod through the side of the crankcase
and thereby rendering the engine irreparable. It can be
Key Words: Connecting rod, Static analysis, CRE-O easily replaceable component. it can result from fatigue near
parametric, ANSYS (APDL), Finite element analysis. a physical defect in the rod, lubrication failure in a bearing
due to faulty maintenance, or from failure of the rod bolts
from a defect, improper tightening, or re-use of already used
1. INTRODUCTION (stressed) bolts where not recommended.
Connecting rod is a major mechanical kinematic link inside
of a internal combustion engine. It connects the piston with Now a days automotive internal combustion engine, it has
the crank and main component for transferring power from connecting rods are most usually made of steel for
the piston to the crankshaft and sending it to the gear production engine. For the connecting rod they are not
transmission system of vehicle. Now days for production of rigidly fixed at either end, so that the angle between the
connecting rod different types of materials are available and connecting rod and piston can change when rod moves up
used for manufacturing method for the same. Materials used and down and rotates around the crank shaft. The
for connecting rods are steel and aluminum. Manufacturing connecting rod is under tremendous stress from the
processes which followed by the most manufacturer are reciprocating load represented by the piston, actually
casting, forging and powdered metallurgy. Connecting rod is stretching and being compressed with every rotation. The
known for mass production component in the I.C engine. load increases to the third power with increasing engine
Manufacturer of connecting rods among the world have used speed.
different types of materials and production methods in the
creation of connecting rods. In operation the major stresses
induced in the cone rod are mixture of axial and bending Vehicle has connecting rod that is dynamic component, it
stresses. The axial stresses are produced due to cylinder transmits the axial cyclic motion of piston to the rotational
burnt gas pressure (compressive only) and the inertia force motion of crankshaft. The connecting rod is considered as a
key component in terms of the structural durability and
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 537
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
efficiency of an engine. Finite element analysis (FEA) that of the powder metal component. He also notes that
approach was adopted in structural analysis for overcoming using the fracture splitting technology
the barriers associated with the geometry and boundary
conditions 0. results in a 25% cost reduction over the conventional steel
forging process. These factors suggest that a fracture
splitting material would be the material of choice for steel
forged connecting rods.
Pai (1996) presented an approach to optimize shape of validation stage of the product development cycle. ANSYS
connecting rod subjected to a load cycle, consisting of the package help to accelerate and streamline the product
inertia load deducted from gas load as one extreme and development process by helping designers to resolve issues
peak inertia load exerted by the piston assembly mass as the
related to structural deformation, heat transfer, fluid flow,
other extreme, with fatigue life constraint. Fatigue life
defined as the sum of the crack initiation and crack growth electromagnetic effects, a combination of these phenomena
lives, was obtained using fracture mechanics principles. The acting together, and so on
approach used finite element routine to first calculate the
displacements and stresses in the rod; these were then used MODELING
in a separate routine to calculate the total life. The stresses
and the life were used in an optimization routine to evaluate
Connecting rod of Hero splendor, market available is
the objective function and constraints. The new search
direction was determined using finite difference selected for the present static load analysis . The dimensions
approximation with design sensitivity analysis. The author of the selected connecting rod are found using vernier
was able to reduce the weight by 28%, when compared with calipers, micro meter and are tabulated and presented in the
the original component. Table 1. The material of Connecting rod is Cast Iron.
According to the dimensions, the model of the connecting
METHODS AND SOFTWARE USED rod is developed using CREO. It is imported into design
modeler of ANSYS 14.5. The modeled connecting rod is as
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS SOFTWARE shown in figure: 2. In this analysis four materials are used.
The finite element analysis is the method involves the Material names:- C70S6 Steel, Structural Steel
computer system for modeling and analysis of any
structural component. It is a computing technique that is
used to obtain approximate solutions to the boundary value
problems in engineering. It uses numerical control and
calculation technique called the finite element method to
solve boundary constraint problem. FEA involves a
computer model of a design that is loaded and analyzed for
specific results.
S.NO. Parameters
Values
CRE-O 2.0
Creo is being used by designers across a broad spectrum of 1. Length of connecting rod
industries such as aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, 94.27 mm
nuclear, electronics, biomedical, and many more. In this
way, it provides fast, efficient and cost-effective product 2. Outer diameter of big end
development from design concept stage to performance 39.02 mm
validation stage of the product development cycle. CREO
software is created by PTC university.PTC University uses
3. Inner diameter of big end
the Precision Learning methodology to develop effective,
30.19 mm
comprehensive class material that will improve the
productivity of both individuals and organizations.
4. Outer diameter of small end
17.75 mm
ANSYS 14.5
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 539
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
3 Density () 7.8510-6
Dimensions of connecting rod. kg/mm3
4 Tensile yield strength 550 MPa
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
8 Fatigue strength 345 MPa
The properties of Structural Steel materials as shown in
Table
Serial Material Structural MESHING
No. properties Steel
1 Youngs 2.0105 The next stage of the modeling is to create meshing of the
modulus (E) MPa
created model .The mesh model of connecting rod is as
shown in figure: 4. Type of Element : Tetrahedron Number
2 Poissons 0.3
of Nodes : 22161 Number of Elements : 13733 Meshing size
ratio ()
: 2 mm
3 Density () 7.8510-6
kg/mm3
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 540
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
load applied at the small end i.e. piston end of the deformation occurs at the crank end of the connecting rod is
connecting rod and All degree of freedom are fixed for big 0.00164 mm
end i.e. crank end of the connecting rod. It is shown in
Figure
CONCLUSION
Structural
S.NO. Type C70S6 Steel
Steel REFERENCES
50.74 53.26 [2] Bai-yan He, Guang-da Shi, Ji-bing Sun, Si-zhuan Chen, Rui
3 Stiffness Nie. Crack analysis on the toothed mating surfaces of a diesel
kN/mm kN/mm
engine connecting rod. Engineering Failure Analysis 34
(2013) 443450.
Comparison Results
[3] Bin Zheng, Yongqi Liu and Ruixiang Liu. Stress and
Name Maximum Minimum Fatigue of Connecting Rod in Light Vehicle Engine. The Open
Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2013, 7, 14-17.
Von- 41.117 9.194102
misses MPa MPa [4] K. Sudershn Kumar, Dr. K. Tirupathi Reddy, Syed Altaf
stress Hussain. Modeling and Analysis of Two Wheeler Connecting
Rod. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
Principal 26.826 -1.997 MPa (IJMER).
stress MPa
Shear 21.594 4.999102
stress MPa MPa
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 542
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
BIOGRAPHY
Ruchir Shrivastava received
his B.E. degree in Mechanical
Engineering from Raipur
Institute Of Technology
Entrepreneurship & Education
College, Raipur, India, in 2009,
the M.E. degree in Design from
Department of Mechanical
Engineering, SSTC, Shri
Shankaracharya Group Of
Institutions Bhilai 2015, He was a
lecturer with Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Raipur
Institute Of Technology
Entrepreneurship & Education
College, Raipur, India, in 2010,
2011 & 2012. He is presently an
assistant professor, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, RSR
Rungta College of Engineering &
Technology Bhilai and serving the
institution from last 5 Year. His
research interests include
Finite Element Method,
Composite Material, Stress
Analysis and Non-Conventional
Energy Resources.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 543