The Conflict of Architectural

g
Intelligence:
Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent
Architecture

Khaled Ali Youssef, M.Sc.

Associate Lecturer
Dept. Of Architectural Engineering, Assiut University

IACA 6
Assiut, March 15th - 17th, 2005
 Introduction
In the early 1980s, trade magazines began writing
stories on Intelligent Architecture (IA), initiating
pressure on architects to build Intelligent Buildings
(IBs) despite there was no standard definition of
IBs.

In the 1990s,
1990s the shift into the informational mode
as a paradigm was promotes, placing new demands
on architecture before it can be termed 'intelligent'.

With the rise of global hazards, the footprint of

architecture on the environment became a matter for
concern, the fact that promoted the concept of IA to
pay attention to the environmental quality and
hazards prevention.

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of IACA 6 March 15-17, 2005
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 Motivations
In investigating what IA is, dozens of definitions,
proposals and viewpoints announced themselves, Motivations
showing the term to be one of those words which
are easy to
t use but
b t hard
h d to
t define.
d fi
The Wide Use
What can be considered of greater importance is the of the Term IA
conflict between these definitions, proposals and
viewpoints, and consequently the powerful impacts The Conflict
on architecture, especially when imitating takes Of IA
th priority
the i it over understanding
d t di the th implications.
i li ti

Impacts on
The wide use of the term,, the conflict between its Architecture
proposals and the powerful impacts on architecture
all highlighted the demand for an Integrated
Demand for
Profile of Intelligent Architecture (IPIA) to be an
an IPIA
issue of this work.

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 Aim, Objectives and Paper Organization

Paper Organization The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing the
outline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standards
into consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of
objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to be
investigated, formulating the body of the paper:

1- Introduction Recognizing what Definitions of Human Intelligence

Human Intelligence intelligence is Components of Intelligence

2- The Conflict Realizing Introducing the wide range of knowledge,

of Arch. Intelligence the conflict of IA and oppositions between viewpoints

3- Classification Better understanding

Classification
Better understand IA IA viewpoints

4- Implications Understanding the The offered opportunities and the imposed

of IA perspectives implications
p of IA challenges
g

5- Discussion: Identifying the IPIA Aim, objectives, scope and limitations

before sketching IPIA inputs and outputs of integration in the light of the local context

6- Proposed IPIA Integrating IA Exploring alternatives, developing the winning

and how to apply it viewpoints alternative, and sketching the demanded IPIA

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 The 1st issue

Introduction: What is intelligence?

According to the British Encyclopedia, intelligence is the 'ability to
adapt effectively to the environment by making a change in oneself,
changing the environment or finding a new one'.
James Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to tell
tell our conscious
minds the observed events, analyze facts, interpret knowledge,
evaluate processes, accompany thoughts by feelings and finally
reach conclusions. Therefore, to be termed intelligent is to be able to
1- Introduction
Human
Human Intelligence
Intelligence
observe,
b tell,
t ll analyze,
l interpret,
i t t evaluate,
l t accompany, and d conclude.
l d

2- The Conflict The cognitive psychologist R. Sternberg proposes that intelligence is

of Arch. Intelligence
made of three integrated and interdependent aspects: the internal world
3- Classification ((cognition),
iti ) ththe relationship
l ti hi tto th the external
t l worldld ((action)
ti ) andd
Better understand IA experiences (integration).
4- Implications
of IA perspectives
Summing up..
5- Discussion: Intelligence is not a single mental
before sketching IPIA process; it is a combination of many
6- Proposed IPIA mental processes directed toward
and how to apply it
effective adaptation to the environment.

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 The 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence

In the 1980s
1980s, the term IA was prompted Kerckhove, 2001
as a marketing tool to attract users,
Vink & Zijlstra,
Bringing 2000
together three
promoting buildings to be equipped with main spatial
Eger,
Green, 2001
and
environments: mind,
automation systems and high-tech environmentally oriented
installations. WTA, and
world, 2000
Information networks.
technology,
economic development,
Atkin,
Promoting1988
job growth,
broadband and
and quality of
telecommunications
In the 1990s, the term IA was used to Morrow,
technologies1995
life
Self-knowing, deciding
1- Introduction embrace creating architecture in an anti-
anti and responding
Human Intelligence Christiansson,
Productivity 2000
and personal
spatial context, being accessed via environmental control
A part of(IBI),
Leung 2000
the worldwide
2- The
2- The Conflict
Conflict networks. With the rise of global
of Arch.
of Arch. Intelligence
Intelligence telecommunication
hazards, the footprint of architecture on Cornick,
Building 1988
within a
network
sustainable built
3- Classification the natural environment has increasingly Fox, 2001 adaptation
Sensory-motor
environment
Better understand IA to support life
become a matter for concern, promoting Nordx
Sustainability,
4- Implications the environmental quality and hazards automation, and
of IA perspectives Wong
Network
p etcabling
al, 2001
responsiveness to
prevention to be an integral part of IA.
IA
solutions,
An and changes
environmental
appropriate selection
5- Discussion: environmental
of Quality Environmental
before sketching IPIA
At all times, architectural intelligence adaptability
Modules to achieve long
6- Proposed IPIA was accompanied by a wide range of term building values
and how to apply it
knowledge; definitions and proposals.
etc.
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 The 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence

Kerckhove, 2001
In analyzing the wide range of
definitions, one cannot fail to notice the Vink & Zijlstra,
Bringing 2000
together three
main spatial
conflict of IA. Eger,
Green, 2001
and
environments: mind,
environmentally oriented
For
F example, l exploiting
l iti the
th informational
i f ti l WTA, and
world, 2000
Information networks.
technology,
mode as a paradigm putting an end to the economic development,
Atkin,
Promoting1988
job growth,
broadband and
and quality of
dominance of the physical seems to telecommunications
Morrow,
technologies1995
life
Self-knowing, deciding
1- Introduction interfere with pproviding
g spatial
p and responding
Human Intelligence environments with high-tech installations Christiansson,
Productivity 2000
and personal
environmental control
to shift into a place of more value and A part of(IBI),
Leung 2000
the worldwide
2- The
2- The Conflict
Conflict
of Arch.
of Arch. Intelligence
Intelligence power. telecommunication
Cornick,
Building 1988
within a
network
sustainable built
3- Classification Spatial versus Anti-spatial Fox, 2001 adaptation
Sensory-motor
environment
Better understand IA to support life
Nordx
Sustainability,
4- Implications Higher Setting limits automation, and
of IA perspectives Wong
Network
p etcabling
al, 2001
responsiveness to
utilization
tili ti off versus f utilizing
for tili i solutions,
An and changes
environmental
appropriate selection
5- Discussion: technology technology environmental
of Quality Environmental
before sketching IPIA
adaptability
Modules to achieve long
6- Proposed IPIA term building values
and how to apply it
Globalization versus Localization

etc. etc.
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 The 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand

+ IA
=

Creating Exploiting free Sustainable

microclimate energy energy

Anti-spatial Greenness Simplicity Environmentally

environments oriented design

Durability Self-generating Scarcity Symbiosis The quality

Energy With nature of life

Promoting Information Economic Tele- Emergency Tele-serving

broadband technology development communications management architecture
1- Introduction
Human Intelligence Environmental Users comfort Self-know, Cost Cabling
responsibility and productivity decide respond awareness solutions

2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence Environmental Improving Users Automation Responsiveness E-activities
quality performance participation to changes

3-
3- Classification
Classification
Flexibility Integration with Energy Recycling Renewable
Better
Better understand
understand IA
IA
networks efficiency energy

4- Implications Life Installing Soft built- Installing high-

of IA perspectives safety the four-Cs environments tech devices

5- Discussion: Responding to Connectivity to E-agent

before sketching IPIA internal demands global networks support

6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
Perspective (1) Perspective (2) Perspective (3)

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 The 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand IA

Perspective (1) Perspective (2) Perspective (3)

Exploiting Inf. Technology (IT) Physical architecture in promoted Creating durable, green, and
and the connectivity to broad to self-know, decide and respond environmentally oriented
band networks to create anti- to external changes and internal architecture that exploits free,
spatial, Tele-served, soft demands, saving energy, passive, sustainable, renewable,
architecture, promoting improving performance, bio-degradable and recyclable
physically built environments to minimizing cost, and supporting energy resources, to guarantee
be supplanted by e-activities, users' comfort and productivity, the environmental quality, the
supported by e-agents, and via means of technical intergenerational equality, the
closely integrated with networks installations, cabling solutions, quality of life and the intended
1- Introduction in a global context.
context and automation systems.
systems symbiosis with nature.
nature
Human Intelligence
Based on the definition of Improving performance,
Attributes meet the
2- The Conflict VR as the simulated self-responding, saving
standards of sustainability
of Arch. Intelligence reality and computer energy, minimizing cost and
that was defined as utilizing
screen 3D-simulated world, supporting users comfort
resources in ways that allow
andd the
h definitions
d fi i i off Virtual
Vi l andd productivity,
d i i via
i means
3-
3- Classification
Classification Architecture as the of high-tech installations and
them to renew themselves,
Better
Better understand
understand IA
IA electronic representation of automation systems.
not to eliminate or degrade
renewable resources, and
architecture serving two Further, the group supports
meeting the need of the
4- Implications purposes: simulating the drive for higher
present without
of IA perspectives physical architecture and utilization of technology to
compromising the abilities of
providing functional virtual prevail, the fact that
future generations, to be
5- Discussion: places the first group of promotes this group to be
entitled Sustanable
attributes is entitled Virtual entitled Automated
before sketching IPIA Architecture
Architecture Architecture

6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
Virtual Automated Sustainable
Architecture VA Architecture - AA Architecture - SA

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 The 4th issue

Implications of IA Perspectives
To better understand the implications the concept of IA, IA the three
perspectives were criticized, investigating the offered opportunities
and the imposed challenges, from various points of view;
environmental, functional, structural, economic, political, social
and aesthetical.

1- Introduction
Opportunities Challenges
Human Intelligence

2- The Conflict Environmental quality Digital divide

of Arch. Intelligence Societal equality Gap between abilities and
Minimizing commutes demands
3- Classification Reducing waste & pollution Concentration of wealth and
Better understand IA Better communicating with power
users Shrinkage of mass
4- Implications Minimizing presence cost employment
of IA
of IA perspectives
perspectives y
Money-making g opportunities
pp Loosingg collective identity
y
More freedom and active Societal inequality
5- Discussion: participation The rise of invented needs
before sketching IPIA Job creation opportunities Involvement of computer
Rescuing societies form the scientists and programmers
6- Proposed IPIA y of rural life
idiocy
and how to apply it
. etc. . etc.

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 The 5th issue

Discussion: Before Integrating IA Perspectives

In this part, the ground, on which the demanded IPIA can be built, is
gained systematically through answering a number of questions:

(a) How important and significant

is the integration of the IA three
perspectives?
1- Introduction Absence of Integration
Human Intelligence
(b) Would one perspective be
2- The Conflict sufficient for architecture to
of Arch. Intelligence be termed intelligent?
Absence of a perspective (s)
3- Classification
Better understand IA
(c) Is IA restricted within the
boundary of the 3 perspectives?
4- Implications
of IA perspectives Examples before 1980s
+ developing
d l i countries
t i
5- Discussion:
before
before sketching
sketching IPIA
IPIA (d) Is there a standard profile of IA?
and, what might it be affected by?
6- Proposed IPIA 3 Keyy factors: IA opportunities,
pp ,
and how to apply it
challeges and the local context Smart Moderation
S M d i off the
Buffer zones +
h hot-
h
insulation
Smartand-humid tropical
Cooling: via climate,
the thermal stability
From -35C
Bangladishto +3C
of the earth, Costozza villas
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 The 6th issue

An Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture

1 Exploring
1- E l i andd Analyzing
A l i Alternatives
Al i off Integration
I i

(a) Reasonability of
the relationship Alternative
Al i An Integrated
between the three A + B + C = Profile of IA
(1)
perspectives

1- Introduction Alternative A An IIntegrated

A t t d
Human Intelligence (b) Appropriateness to B + C = Profile of IA
(2)
the local context
2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence
Alternative A An Integrated
3- Classification (3) CB = Profile of IA
Better understand IA

4- Implications The
of IA perspectives Alternative A An Integrated
An
winning
inning B + C = Profile of IA
(4) Integrated
5- Discussion: alternative Profile of IA
before sketching IPIA

A
6- Proposed IPIA Alternative An Integrated
and how
and how to
to apply
apply it
it (5) = Profile of IA
B C

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 The 6th issue

An Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture

2 Developing
2- D l i the th Winning
Wi i Alternative:
Alt ti IPIA
A An Integrated
A B + C = Profile of IA

1- Introduction Global boundary Architecture Local boundary

Human Intelligence of sustainability of sustainability

2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence

3- Classification
Better understand IA Physical Virtual
Architecture Architecture
4- Implications
of IA perspectives
In addition to
the viewpoints
th i i t
Automated that would
5- Discussion: Architecture contribute to the
before sketching IPIA
profile; Others
6- Proposed IPIA
and how
and how to
to apply
apply it
it Another local boundary
of sustainability

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 The 6th issue

An Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture

3 How
3- H to
t Apply
A l the
th IPIA to
t Solid
S lid Applications
A li ti

Comparative
Analysis
(in the light The Winning Compromise
Architecture VA AA SA Others of IPIA and Alternative Final
the 2 level (s) Solution
1- Introduction strategy)
Human Intelligence
Aims
Aims
2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence Objectives
Objectives
3- Classification Built Spaces
Better understand IA
Built Spaces
Activities
4- Implications Activities
of IA perspectives
People
People
5- Discussion: Etc.
before sketching IPIA Etc.

6- Proposed IPIA
and how
and how to
to apply
apply it
it

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 Results, Conclusions and Future Work
In this paper, the complexity of IA and the conflict
between its proposals were investigated,
highlighting the need for a coherent profile to
integrate the wide range of knowledge,
knowledge taking the
local context into account. First, IA definitions,
proposals and viewpoints were introduced to be
categorized into three broad perspectives: VA, AA
andd SA. To better
b understand
d d the
h implications
i li i off
IA perspectives, the offered opportunities and
imposed challenges were investigated. After that,
alternatives of integration were explored, the
winning alternative was developed and the IPIA
was sketched, proposing a method for application.

In a future work,
work the worked out IPIA is to be
applied to solid applications, investigating its
ability to develop existing built environments.

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Thank you !!