University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical

Engineering

Air Standard Cycles - Tutorial 1 - MECN5013A 2017

Question 1
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the compression process,
air is at 95 kPa and 270C, and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to the air. Taking into account
the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine:
a) The pressure and temperature at the end of the heat addition process.
b) The net work
c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle
d) The mean effective pressure of the cycle

Question 2

The compression ratio of an air-standard Otto cycle is 9.5. Prior to the isentropic compression
process, the air is at 100kPa, 350C, and 600 cm3. The temperature at the end of the isentropic
expansion process is 800K. Using specific heat values evaluated at 300K,determine:
a) The highest temperature and pressure in the cycle.
b) The amount of heat transferred in kJ.
c) The thermal efficiency.
d) The mean effective pressure.

Question 3

Repeat Question 2 but replace the isentropic expansion process with a polytropic expansion
process with a polytropic exponent n = 1.35.

Question 4

An engine operating on the air-standard Otto cycle receives air at the beginning of the
isentropic compression at 120kPa and 370C. The maximum pressure and temperature are
2200K and 4.8MPa. Accounting for variation in specific heats with temperature, calculate:
a) The temperature and internal energy at each state.
b) The net cycle work in kJ/kg
c) The cycle effeciency
Question 5

The maximum and minimum cycle temperatures of an air standard Otto cycle are 1600K and
300K respectively. The compression ratio of the cycle is 7.5 and the minimum pressure is
100kPa. Assuming variable specific heats, determine:
a) The temperature and internal energy at each state.
b) The net work of the cycle.
c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
d) The mean effective pressure of the cycle.

Question 6

An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and a cutoff ratio of 2. A the
beginning of the compression process, air is at 95kPa and 270C. Accounting for the variation
of specific heats with temperature, determine:
a) The temperature after the heat addition process.
b) The thermal efficiency.
c) The mean effective pressure.

Question 7

Repeat Question 6 using constant specific heats, evaluated at 300K (cold air analysis).

Question 8

A cycle has a compression ratio of 20 and a cutoff ratio of 2.3. At inlet the pressure is 100kPa
and the temperarture is 270C. If the cycle operate on an air-standard Diesel cycle determine,
assuming variable specific heats:
a) The enthalpy, temperature and internal energy at each state.
b) The heat added in kJ/kg
c) The net work in kJ/kg
d) The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
e) The mean effective pressure

Question 9

A cycle operating on the air-standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14. At the start of
the compression, the pressure is 102kPa, the temperature is 27 0C, and the volume is 1.5 . The
heat addition occurs as follows: 500kJ/kg are transferred at constant volume and 1000kJ/kg are
transferred at constant pressure. Accounting for variation in specific heats with temperature,
calculate:
a) The enthalpy, temperature and internal energy at each state.
b) The pressure at the beginning of the heat rejection.
c) The net work of the cycle.
d) The thermal efficiency.
e) The mean effective pressure.

Question 10

An engine working on a dual air-standard cycle has a mean effective pressure of 10bar. The
minimum pressure and temperature of the cycle are 1bar and 17 0C, respectively, and the
compression ratio is 16/1. The maximum cycle pressure is 60 bar. Assume constant specific
heats evaluated at 300K and calculate:
a) The maximum cycle temperature.
b) The cutoff ratio when the cycle efficiency is 60%.
c) Re-evaluate the question using variable specific heats.

Question 11

A four-cylinder engine has a bore of 9.5cm, a stroke of 8.75cm and a clearance of 7%. The
conditions at the beginning of the compression are 17 0C and 98kPa, and the maximum cycle
temperature is 2900K. If the engine rotates at 2500rpm and the cycle is assumed to operate on
an air-standard Diesel cycle, calculate the cycle work and the power produced.