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Velocity (mm/s)
design modified as needed. available). The measured signals 120
Time (s)
In the context of a successful of the structural accelerations were
long-term collaboration, Stadler then analyzed using time func- 80
Bussnang AG commissioned the tions, frequency spectra, waterfall
vibration engineering specialists diagrams, transfer functions (Bode 40
20
of the Sulzer Innotec research and plots) and spectrograms. Apart 10
0
development unit to conduct stud- from showing vibration ampli- 0 40 80 120 160
ies of the various GTW models. tudes and associated frequencies, Frequency (Hz)
The experts analyzed the dynamic these representations allow the 2 Operational vibration analysis:
behavior via modal and opera- relation of vibration maximums to example of a waterfall diagram.
tional vibration analyses and a specific rotational speed or oper-
developed measures for optimiz- ating condition, respectively. The Using operational vibration
ing the design and operational waterfall diagram (Fig. 2) showed measurements, it was shown
characteristics of the power unit in clear-cut excitation frequency that in some mounted compo-
cooperation with the motor sup- bands. When they encounter natu- nents the wideband RMS
plier and vehicle manufacturer. ral frequencies, resonances result values (101000 Hz) would reach
that are clearly recognizable at the vibration velocities of up to
Vibration characteristics of the vibration maxima. Four-stroke 95 mm/srms during operation at
power unit during operation piston engines create a wide spec- the resonance points. Consequent-
As a starting point, the specialists trum of vibrations, beginning with ly, targeted measures are required
of Sulzer Innotec assessed the dy- a first order of f = 0.5fn (fn = rota- in order not to exceed the guide-
namic behavior of the power unit tional frequency [r.p.s.]) and their line values prescribed by relevant
and its components (Fig. 1). They higher harmonics, i.e., 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 standards. In order to develop
used 3-dimensional operational times the rotational frequency. The these measures, the vibration en-
vibration measurements with a speed range lies between 800 and gineering experts of Sulzer Innotec
wide variety of structure points 1900 r.p.m. analyzed the modal parameters
(mode shapes, natural frequencies,
and damping) of the power unit
1 Power unit with components and measurement points:
instrumentation applied. using modal analysis.
(mm/s/N)
2
6
1 member.
3 3
4
1 Hydraulic unit Cast-aluminum flywheel housing
(support member: original)
2 Power takeoff 0 Nodular cast-iron flywheel housing
0 40 80 120 160 200 (support member: original)
3 Position of the original support member
Frequency (Hz) Nodular cast-iron flywheel housing
4 New support member (support member: new)
this change has an unfavorable Absorption of the relative tion control optimization, that
impact on the vertical vibration radial movements in the area resulted in high operational relia-
since the support member can not of the power takeoff resulting bility of the power unit coupled
be affixed directly to the genera- from this concept by an elastic with low maintenance costs.
tor, but rather requires a connect- coupling
ing plate between the 2 ends of As a result of the new concept
the generator. Therefore, the ver- (Fig. 8) the remaining residual
tical rigidity of the support mem- vibration of the hydraulic unit
ber is reduced significantly, and during resonant operation was
8 New design of the affixation of the hydraulic unit
the vibration in the vertical direc- reduced by more than half. with measurement point 32.
tion increases. As a consequence, A further reduction in vibration
damage to the support member was attempted by restricting the
could not be ruled out in this ver- speed range, i.e., by avoiding
sion. It was suspected that, due to resonant operation altogether.
the vibration shape, the outer part Resonance-free operation can not
of the hydraulic unit and the be realized in any other manner
power takeoff linked to it at the owing to the numerous excitation 1
2
motor moved in phase opposition orders of the 4-stroke piston en-
as a result of the torsion of the gine. The motor characteristic of 3