1

Disaster management
Project on women violence

SUBMITTED BY: BIBEK GOGOI 570/16

CHINMOY DAS 584/16

PREETI RANI DAS 598/16

SUSMITA DAS 623/16

SABREEN AHMED 607/16

SUBMITTED TO:DR. SAMIR SARKAR KIRTIKA UZIR 574/16

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
GAUHATI UNIVERSITY ALAKESH PHUKAN 624/16

DEEP DARSHAN SARMA 588/16

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible,whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all the efforts.An understanding of the study like this,is never outcome of
the effort of a single person,rather it bears the imprint of a number of people who directly or
indirectly help us in partial fulfillment of the project.We would be falling in our duty if we do
not say a word of thanks to all those people.

We would like to gratefully acknowledge our gratitude to respected Mr.SAMIR

SARKAR, Professor, Department of Business Administration ,GAUHATI UNIVERSITY for
his valuable suggestions, guidance and cheerful encouragement to carry out our project work.

The various values that we tried to learn shall remain a source of inspiration for us
forever.The work culture that has been natured by doing this project work is worth noticing
which helps us in building up our working attitude.We were bestowed with a great trust and
freedom to pursue the work almost as we pleased.The freedom that has been provided us to in
carrying out our project work helped in developing the confidence for an independent student.

Suggestions and improvements on this project are most welcome from well-wishers.

Date:: 22.06.2017 CHINMOY DAS

Place:GAUHATI UNIVERSITY PREETI RANI DAS

SUSMITA DAS

KIRTIKA UZIR

SABREEN AHMED

DEEP DARSHAN SARMA

ALAKESH PHUKAN

VIVEK GOGOI
 3

ABSTRACT

Gender-based violence-including rape domestic violence, mutilation, murder, and

sexual abuse-is a profound health problem for women across the globe. Although
gender violence is a significant cause of female morbidity and mortality, it is almost
never seen as a public health issue. Recent World Bank estimates of the global burden
of disease indicate that in established market economies gender-based victimization is
responsible for one out of every five healthy days of life lost to women of
reproductive age. On a per capita basis, the health burden imposed by rape and
domestic violence in the industrial and developing world is roughly equivalent, but
because the total disease burden is so much greater in the developing world, the
percentage attributable to gender-based victimization is smaller. Nonetheless, on a
global basis, the health burden from gender based victimization is comparable to that
from other conditions already high on the world agenda.

Female-focused violence also represents a hidden obstacle to economic and social

development. By sapping women's energy, undermining their confidence, and
compromising their health, gender violence deprives society of women's full
participation As the United Nations Fund for Women UNIFEM recently observed,
"Women cannot lend their labor or creative ideas fully if they are burdened with the
physical and psychological scars of abuse.

This study focuses on the awareness of violence against women of the general public
with special focus to younger generations.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT TITLE A study on violence against women

INSTITUTIONAL GUIDE Dr. Samir Sarkar, Gauhati University

NEED OF THE STUDY

(1). The study is undertaken to know about the various forms of violence faced by women and
its effects.

(2). The study is undertaken to anlayse the knowledge level and awareness of the general people
regarding the cause and its effects.

GENERAL BRIEFING

Although women may be victims of any of the general crimes such as murder,
robbery, cheating, etc. only the crimes which are directed specifically against women are
characterised as crimes against women. They can be termed as rape, molestation, domestic
violence, human trafficking, etc. Violence against women has now emerged as a social evil in
India. The Government of India has passed certain laws to subdue this threat. In this project an
attempt has been made to find out the extent of violence against women, its types and causes and
if possible find out remedial measures.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-

The data obtained was analyzed using exploratory and descriptive analysis. Data is
collected from primary sources and other data has been collected from secondary sources such as
such as journal articles, media reports, government documents, etc. This study will explore the
knowledge level of general population using quantitative cross-sectional mixed methods research
design to answer the questionnaire:
This study will be conducted using a web-based survey. The survey will use 29 questions with
response options consisting of Likert scale.

STUDY POPULATION-

This specifies who makes up the study population, including characteristics like
Age , gender, community

SAMPLE SIZE-

212 respondents including both male and female

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SURVEY INSTRUMENT-

A five-point Likert-scale is used to answer questions. Each question will utilize a

response set (i.e. strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree). Mean evaluation
and factor analysis are performed and tables are created, using spss software in order to reflect
results and graphs.

FINDINGS-

This study was meant to measure the knowledge level and understanding of the general
population. These respondents are asked to complete an online survey questionnaire that
consisted of 34 Likert scale questions. The findings obtained emphasis the need for more
training, educating the public, implementing policy and legislations. An attempt to provide and
address the perceptions of people as they relate to women violence incidences indicates the need
to continue further research on the topic.
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OBJECTIVES
1. Is to obtain reliable estimates of the prevalence and frequency of different forms of
physical, sexual and mental violence against women.

2. Is to analyze the factors that may protect or put women at risk who are the victims of
such violence.

3. Is to explore the association among different types of women violence and to study the
perceptions of respondents.

4. Is to gather information about the knowledge level and awareness of the general people
regarding the victims and their situations.

5. Is to study the respondents behaviour pattern based on their demographics that is; age,
gender, and community.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------------8
2. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE---------------------------------------------- --------------------9
3. HUMAN TRAFFICKING-----------------------------------------------------------------11
4. RAPE IN INDIA----------------------------------------------------------------------------13
5. RESPONDENT VIEW ON MODESTY OF WOMEN--------------------------------14
6. METHODOLOGY--------------------------------------------------------------------------16
7. QUESTIONNAIRE-------------------------------------------------------------------------18
WOMEN VIOLENCE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
RAPE

8. FINDINGS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

11.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS-----------------------------------------29

REFERENCE
 8

INTRODUCTION

For decades women's organizations around world have worked against gender-based violence
through advocacy, victim services, and consciousness-raising. Largely because of their efforts,
violence against women has recently been recognized as a legitimate human rights issue by the
United Nations and by some governments. Yet almost no policy attention has been given to
addressing violence against women as 8 public health issue, and even less to tackling its
underlying causes. Efforts to gain recognition of violence as an issue warranting international
concern have been hampered by lack of population-based data on abuse and its health
consequences. But the data that exist are nonetheless sufficient to justify increased attention to
this neglected-yet important-women's health issue.

As difficult and intractable as other health issues are, violence against women may be even more
so. Deeply embedded attitudes about male-female relations, social taboos against discussing
"private matters" in public, and the lack of a "technological fix" all work against a solution.
Although violence against women is almost universal, its patterns and their causes can be fully
understood and remedied only in specific social and cultural contexts. Each society has
mechanisms that legitimize, obscure, deny-and therefore perpetuate- violence. Even where a
particular act of violence might be deplored, powerful social institutions-the state, families,
normative systems that regulate gender relations -collude in maintaining the status quo. Thus
victims of often have 8 difficult time escaping violent relationships.

A variety of mechanisms, from oral traditions to formal educational and legal systems, define
standards of acceptable behaviour for men and women. These standards are learned from an
early age in the family and reinforced by peer pressure, community institutions, and the mass
media. In many societies children learn that males are dominant and that violence is an
acceptable means of asserting powers and resolving conflict. Women, as mothers and mothers-
in-law, unwittingly perpetuate violence by socializing girls and boys to accept male dominance
and by acquiescing throughout life to male demands.

Mothers teach their daughters to accept the roles that society assigns them, and they punish
"deviant" behaviour to ensure their sexual and social acceptance.

But violence is not inevitable. Cross-cultural research shows that, although violence against
women is an integral part of virtually all cultures, there are societies in which gender-based
abuse does not exist. Such societies stand as proof that social relations can be organized in a way
that minimizes or eliminates violence against women. Even where violence remains endemic,
strategic intervention by the state, the community, and women's organizations can save lives,
reduce injury, and lessen the long term effects of victimization on women and their children.
Existing interventions need to be refined and systematically evaluated, and new approaches to
prevention explode, but it is wrong to conclude that nothing can be done to combat violence
against women.

Women organizations and, more recently, some governments have done much to assist victims
and to document and publicize violence against women. Virtually everywhere these efforts have
encountered strong resistance from organized religion, health professionals, the judicial system,
 9

and the police, all of whom see the home as sacrosanct and thereby tolerate-indeed condone-
most of the violence against women and girls. Police in many, countries will not intervene in
domestic quarrels" and do not consider wife beating a crime. In some courts men who confess to
murdering their wives are acquitted in the name of "legitimate defence of honour". And women
are frequently raped by the very men charged with their protection-the police, military officers,
and other agents of the state.

Clearly, efforts to protect women must be strengthened and expanded at the local and national
levels. But any strategy to combat violence must attack the root causes of the problem in addition
to treating its symptoms. This means challenging the social attitudes and beliefs that undergird
male violence and renegotiating the meaning of gender and sexuality and the balance of power
between women and men at all levels of society.

The underlaying causes of violent deaths among women of reproductive age, i.e. complications
of an induced abortion, suicide and homicide, are clearly social. Many of them may be seen as a
consequence of the strict control enforced by males over the sexual life of women and
reproduction.

Combating violence against women requires challenging the way that gender roles and power
relations are articulated in society. To marshal support for such an effort, this paper draws
together existing data on violence against women worldwide and reviews the literature on the
health consequences of abuse. The paper describes the scope and evolution of the problem,
reviews the health consequences of gender-based abuse, and provides a primer on violence
against women. It then the implications of gender violence for health and development and
recommends steps toward eliminating the violence. Appendices recommend government actions
to combat violence against women, discuss issues relating to defining such violence, and provide
a methodology for estimating the global health burden from the abuse and rape of women. They
also provide a sample "danger assessment. for screening women at risk and discuss treatment
protocols for battered women.

Breaking the cycle of abuse will require concerted action across several sectors, including
education, mass media, the legislative system, the judiciary, and the health sector.

Domestic Violence

In India where almost half of the population are women, they have always been ill-treated and
deprived of their right to life and personal liberty as provided under the constitution of India.
Women are always considered as a physically and emotionally weaker than the males, whereas
at present women have proved themselves in almost every field of life affirming that they are no
less than men due to their hard work whether at home or working places. Behind closed doors of
homes all across our country, people are being tortured, beaten and killed. It is happening in rural
areas, towns, cities and in metropolitans as well. It is crossing all social classes, genders, racial
lines and age groups. It is becoming a legacy being passed on from one generation to another.
But offences against women which reflects the pathetic reality that women are just not safe and
 10

secure anywhere. According to a latest report prepared by Indias National Crime Records
Bureau (NCRB), a crime has been recorded against women in every three minutes in India.
Every 60 minutes, two women are raped in this country. Every six hours, a young married
woman is found beaten to death, burnt or driven to suicide.
Violence against women is not a new phenomenon. Women have to bear the burns of domestic,
public, physical as well as emotional and mental violence against them, which affects her status
in the society at the larger extent. The statistics of increasing crimes against women is shocking,
where women are subjected to violence attacks i.e. foeticide, infanticide, medical neglect, child
marriages, bride burning, sexual abuse of girl child, forced marriages, rapes, prostitution, sexual
harassment at home as well as work places etc. In all the above cases women is considered as
aggrieved person.
The term used to describe this exploding problem of violence within our homes is Domestic
Violence. This violence is towards someone who we are in a relationship with, be it a wife,
husband, son, daughter, mother, father, grandparent or any other family member. It can be a
males or a females atrocities towards another male or a female. Anyone can be a victim and a
victimizer. This violence has a tendency to explode in various forms such as physical, sexual or
emotional. Domestic Violence includes harms or injuries which endangers womens health,
safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical. It may also be through physical,
sexual, verbal, emotional and economic abuse. According to United Nation Population Fund
Report, around two-third of married Indian women are victims of Domestic Violence attacks
and as many as 70 per cent of married women in India between the age of 15 and 49 are victims
of beating, rape or forced sex. In India, more than 55 percent of the women suffer from Domestic
Violence, especially in the states of Bihar, U.P., M.P. and other northern states.
What amounts to domestic violence against women? -Domestic Violence undoubtedly a human
right issue where it is very important to know what actually leads to act of domestic violence.
The most common causes for women stalking and battering include:- exploitation of women for
demanding more dowry, discrimination of women, alienation of womens self-acquired property
fraudulently, torture by husband and in-laws of the husband, arguing with the partner, refusing to
have sex with the partner, neglecting children, going out of home without telling the partner, not
cooking properly or on time, indulging in extra marital affairs, not looking after in-laws, cruelty
by husband or in-laws mentally or physically, abusing & insulting by using vulgar language,
sexual harassment, molestation, immoral traffic, rape, sodomy and all other inhuman acts. In all
above stated causes women are subjected to torture and will be considered as the aggrieved
person. Usually violence takes place due to lack of understandings between the couple as well as
in the family.
The consequences of domestic violence attack on women, which will affect victim as well as
family of the victim. Domestic Violence affects womens productivity in all forms of life i.e.
assaulted women will always get agonized and emotionally disturbed and remain quite after
occurrence of the torment. The suicide case of such victimized women is also a deadly
consequence and the number of such cases is increasing day by day. A working Indian woman
may lose her efficiency in work or drop out from work in some cases. Domestic Violence may
affect the life of children at the larger extent because child will be having greater attachment with
her mother and once the mothers grief and sufferings revealed then child may turn silent,
reserved and express solace to the mother. In some of the cases violence will lead to maintain
 11

distance from the partner whereby sexual life gets affected adversely. Sometimes marriage life
will become a burden to the spouse and one of the spouses will opt out for divorce or separation
which again affects life of the children.
In a case where wife is beaten up by her husband doesnt amount to domestic violence unless a
sufficient reason of violation of right to life is shown. In another case where the women just not
given food, it amounts to domestic violence if it is intended to achieve the ultimate purpose of
necking her out of the benefits of shared household.
To prevent violence against women and to protect the rights of aggrieved women, the legislation
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 was passed by the parliament.
According to this act every women who have been deprived of their right to life by the act of
husband or relatives of the husband, can file a complaint to the protection officer, police officer
or magistrate in the form of Domestic Incident Report (Similar to FIR). Complaint can be filed
by the victim /aggrieved person or relatives, it will be considered as the prima-facie evidence of
the offence. Every Domestic Incident Report has to be prepared by the Protection Officer
which will assist in the further investigation of the incidence. The protection officer will pass
certain orders i.e. protection of the women, custody of respondent and order of monetary relief to
the victim.
The Government of India should come out with some more stringent laws to protect the rights of
women who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the family, so that it will work
as the preventive measure to eradicate the crime. A strict law to be passed to punish those
women who are filing a false compliant against husband or relatives by misusing of Domestic
Violence Act so that there will be fair justice to all.

Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is the third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade across the
globe. According to the definition of the United Nations trafficking is any activity leading to
recruitment, transportation, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force
or a position of vulnerability. Close to 80% of the human trafficking across the world is done
for sexual exploitation and the rest is for bonded labor and India is considered as the hub of this
crime in Asia. As per the statistics of the government in every eight minutes a child goes
missing in our country. In 2011 about 35,000 children were reported missing and more than
11,000 out of these were from West Bengal. Further, it is assumed that only 30% of the total
cases are reported, so the actual number is pretty high.

Human trafficking is one of the major problems in India. Till date no concrete study has been
conducted so far to know the exact number of trafficked kids in India. The New York Times has
reported on the widespread problem of human trafficking in India especially in the state of
Jharkhand. Also in the report it is stated that young girls are trafficked from neighboring Nepal
to India. In another article published in The Times of India Karnataka is the third state in India
for human trafficking. Other South Indian states are also the most sought after destinations for
 12

human trafficking. Every year more than 300 such cases are reported in each of the four south
Indian states. Whereas West Bengal and Bihar, on an average have 100 such cases each year. As
per the data, more than half of the human trafficking cases are from these states. According to
the latest report on human trafficking by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reveals
that Tamil Nadu has 528 such cases of human trafficking in 2012. The number is really high and
more than any other state except for West Bengal (549). As per the data from Home Ministry,
1379 cases of human trafficking were reported from Karnataka in the period of four years, in
Tamil Nadu the number is 2,244 whereas Andhra Pradesh has 2,157 cases of human trafficking.
Recently 300 bonded labourers in Bangalore have been rescued. According to an article in
Firstpost, Delhi is the hub of human trafficking trade in India and half of the worlds slaves live
in India. Delhi is the hotspot for illegal trade of young girls for domestic labour, forced marriage
and prostitution. Delhi is also the transit point for human trafficking

Why Human Trafficking increasing in India?

Fundamental theory of demand and supply is applicable to this situation as well. Men for work
generally migrate to major commercial cities and from here the demand for commercial sex is
created. To fulfill the supply all sorts of efforts are made by the suppliers like abduction etc.
Young girls and women belonging to poor families are at higher risk.

Then comes the economic injustice and poverty. If you are born to a poor family in Northeastern
state of India then you are at a higher risk of being sold. If you are born to a poor family and a
girl then these chances further increases. Sometimes parents are also desperate to sell their
daughters to earn money.

Social inequality, regional gender preference, imbalance and corruption are the other leading
causes of human trafficking in India.

Parents in tribal areas think that sending their kids means a better life in terms of education and
safety. Parents also pay about Rs 6000-7000 to these agents for food and shelter.

Forced marriage

Girls and women are not only trafficked for prostitution but also bought and sold like commodity
in many regions of India where female ratio is less as compared to male due to female
infanticide. These are then forced to marry.

Bonded labour

Though debt labour is not known much but it is illegal in India and prevalent in our society.
According to the International Labour Organization there are more than 11.7 million people
working as a forced labour in the Asia-Pacific region. People running out of cash generally sell
their kids as debt labour in exchange for cash. Both boys and girls are sold for this purpose and
generally not paid for years.
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Victims of human trafficking have great chances of suffering from issues like mental disorders,
depression and anxiety. Women forced into sexual trafficking have at higher risk of getting
affected from HIV and other STDs.

Action against guilty

Under the Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act (ITPA) trafficking for commercial sexual
exploitation is penalized. The punishment ranges from seven years to life imprisonment. The
Bonded Labor Abolition Act, the Child Labor Act, and the Juvenile Justice Act prohibit the
bonded and forced labor in India.

Because of the brutal gang rape of December 2012, government has passed a bill in which laws
related to sexual violence and making sex trafficking have been amended. But still there is a
huge gap between enactment and enforcement of these laws. Because of widespread corruption
and bride, it is easy for agents for bring these young boys and girls for their profit. But there
should be strict disciplinary action against everybody involved in such a crime then only this
problem can be addressed.

Also better education and other facilities should be provided at native places so that parents do
not opt these ways for their kids. Above all attitude towards women and young girls must
change.

Rape in India
Even as an increasing number of violent crimes against women, especially rape, continue to be
reported across the country, a 13-year analysis of crime data reveals that a little more than 57
rapes were reported every day. This averages over two rapes every hour, every day during the
last 13 years. A total of 2,72,844 cases were reported across 28 states and seven UTs in this
period.

A Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) analysis of reported rape cases between 2001
and 2013 shows 2,64,130 rapes were reported in 28 states during the 13-year period - an average
of almost 56 incidents of rape per day. In the seven UTs, the average is almost two rapes per day.
However, Delhi alone accounted for 8,060 reported incidents during this period

The expansion of the list of offences that constitute rape following amendments to the Criminal
Amendment Act, 2013 has resulted in an increase in reported cases. The highest rise amongst the
28 states and UTs was in Delhi (329%) compared to the figure reported in 2001 when the UT
reported 381 cases.

The number of cases reported in Maharashtra increased by 135%, rising from 1,302 in 2001 to
3,063 in 2013. In Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand and Himachal
Pradesh, the number of cases reported was more than double the figure reported in 2001.
 14

Another reason for the increase in number of cases reported in 2013 would be the fear of
punishment in the minds of police officers to whom cases of rape are reported.

West Bengal is the only state where fewer cases of rape were reported after the 2013
amendments were enforced, falling from 2,046 in 2012 to 1,685 in 2013. The report's author
Venkatesh Nayak, who analyzed NCRB data, said it would have to be examined..

During the 13-year period, Madhya Pradesh reported the most number of rapes at 40,422. The
average figure for Madhya Pradesh is more than eight rapes per day during the 13-year period.
This is 44% higher than that of West Bengal which stood second with 22,472 cases reported
which averages almost five incidents of rape per day across the state. It is followed by Uttar
Pradesh with 22,108 rapes reported, averaging 4.65 incidents a day.

Maharashtra with 21,049 instances and Rajasthan with 19,083 cases during this period complete
the list of top five for the 13-year period. On an average, more than four rapes occurred a day in
Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

Delhi reported 8,060 cases during this period, much more than the larger states of Tamil Nadu
(7,875 cases), Karnataka (6,204 cases) and Gujarat (4,981 cases).

The report also noted that 1,01,041 rape cases were under trial in 2012 which increased by
almost 12% in 2013 to 1,14,785. In 2012, trial was completed in 14,717 cases whereas in 2013,
this figure rose by a little less than 22% to 18,833. While 3,563 persons were convicted for rape
in 2012, 5,101 culprits were convicted in 2013, indicating an increase by a little more than 30%.
The number of acquittals rose by 18.79% in 2013 when 13,735 accused persons were
pronounced not guilty as compared to 11,154 persons in 2012.

Respondent view on modesty of women

Outraging the modesty of a woman means, whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any
woman, intending to outrage her modesty, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage
her modesty shall be punished with an imprisonment of 1 year, may extend to 5 years and with
fine.

Modesty is not defined in IPC, but it can be said to be a virtue, which is attached to a female
owing to her sex

FEW LAWS AGAINST WOMEN VIOLENCE:

1) The protection of women from domestic violence Act 2005: The Protection of
Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India
 15

enacted to protect women from domestic violence. It was brought into force by the
Indian government from 26 October 2006. The Act provides for the first time in
Indian law a definition of "domestic violence", with this definition being broad and
including not only physical violence, but also other forms of violence such as
emotional/verbal, sexual, and economic abuse. It is a civil law meant primarily for
protection orders and not meant to penalize criminally.

2) The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961: In this act, `dowry means any property or
valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly:
a. by one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or
b. by the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the
marriage or to any other person;at or before or any time after the marriage in connection
with the marriage of said parties but does not include dower or mahr in the case of
persons to whom the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) applies.

3) The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act 1986: In this Act, unless the context otherwise
requires,

brothel includes any house, room, 3 [conveyance] or place or any portion of any
house, room, 3 [conveyance] or place, which is used for purposes 4 [of sexual
exploitation or abuse] for the gain of another person or for the mutual gain of two or
more prostitutes;child means a person who has not completed the age of sixteen years;]
3 [[ 6 (b)] corrective institution means an institution, by whatever name called (being
an institution established or licensed as such under section 21), in which 7 [persons], who
are in need of correction, may be detained under this Act, and includes a shelter where 8
[undertrials] may be kept in pursuance of this Act;] ; magistrate means a magistrate
specified in the second column of the Schedule as being competent to exercise the powers
conferred by the section in which the expression occurs and which is specified in the first
column of the Schedule;]; major means a person who has completed the age of
eighteen years; minor means a person who has completed the age of sixteen years but
has not completed the age of eighteen years;]; prescribed means prescribed by rules
made under this Act ; prostitution means the sexual exploitation or abuse of persons for
commercial purposes, and the expression prostitute shall be construed accordingly;];
protective home means an institution by whatever name called (being an institution
established or licensed as such under section 21), in which 15 [persons], who are in need
of care and protection, may be kept under this Act 11 [and where appropriate technically
qualified persons, equipment and other facilities have been provided], but does not
includea shelter where 16 may be kept in pursuance of this Act, or a corrective
institution;] public place means any place intended for use by, or accessible to, the
public and includes any public conveyance; special police officer means a police
officer appointed by or on behalf of the State Government to be in charge of police duties
within a specified area for the purpose of this Act ; trafficking police officer means a
police officer appointed by the Central Government under sub-section (4) of section 13.]
Rule of construction regarding enactments not extending to Jammu and Kashmir.Any
reference in this Act to a law which is not in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
shall, in relation to that State, be construed as a reference to the corresponding law, if
 16

any, enforce in that State.]1[2A. Rule of construction regarding enactments not extending
to Jammu and Kashmir.Any reference in this Act to a law which is not in force in the
State of Jammu and Kashmir shall, in relation to that State, be construed as a reference to
the corresponding law, if any, enforce in that State.]"

OBJECTIVE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:

6. Is to obtain reliable estimates of the prevalence and frequency of different forms of
physical, sexual and mental violence against women.

7. Is to analyze the factors that may protect or put women at risk who are the victims of
such violence.

8. Is to explore the association among different types of women violence and to study the
perceptions of respondents.

9. Is to gather information about the knowledge level and awareness of the general people
regarding the victims and their situations.

10. Is to study the respondents behaviour pattern based on their demographics that is; age,
gender, and community.

METHODOLOGY
Research Methodolgy:
The purpose of this study is to assess a percentage of Guwahati residents, concentrating more on
the younger population and their views on Women Violence which is divided in the following
categories:

1. Domestic Violence
2. Human Trafficking
3. Rape
4. Modesty of Women

Survey questions were given to the respondents in the form of Google forms as well as
physically to different locations in Guwahati. Likert Scaling method was used to get the
responses ranging from 1: Strongly Agree to 5: Strongly Disagree.
 17

Sample Size:
The sample population includes a total of 212 people from different religions.

A total of 34 questions were been covered in the questionnaire.

Scope:
The questionnaire was prepared in a way to access the level of knowledge of the respondents
about women violence in their city and if they are aware of the various laws for the same. Also
analyzing their perceptions about why women violence has become so prevalent in India today.

For the people from whom the questionnaire was difficult to understand, explanations were
done in their vocabulary language (Assamese and Hindi) for a better understanding of their
responses.

Findings:
For analyzing the data, Spss Software was used for detail analysis.

Limitations:
1. This report concentrates more on the views of the younger population.
2. The sample includes more of Hindu and Muslim Communities. However few surveys
were also done with Christian and Sikh community.
3. As compared to the number of questions, the sample size taken is not enough.
 18

QUESTIONNAIRE

Women Violence
A survey is done to check respondent knowledge on the menace of women violence in our
society.

Age
18-20

20-22

23-25

26-28

28-30

30 and above

Community
Hindu

Muslim

Christian

Sikh

Other:
 19

Gender
Male

Female

Prefer not to say

Other:

Domestic Violence

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree agree
1. Domestic violence is a gross human right
violation.
(Domq1)
2. People are not aware that mental and
emotional abuse is also a part of domestic
violence along with physical and sexual abuse.
(Domq2)

3. Domestic violence shelters are helpful for

women and children in domestic
situations.(Domq3)

4. Children exposed to domestic violence are

more likely to become adult perpetrators
themselves.(Domq4)

5. Initiative should be taken to generate

awareness about helpline numbers and domestic
violence shelters, especially in rural areas.
(Domq5)
6. The victims very often ignore such abuses due
to societal pressures.
(Domq6)
 20

7. More often the victims are unaware of legal

measures to be taken. (Domq7)

8. Dowry is one of the major reasons for domestic

violence. (Domq8)
9. Alcohol and drugs play a part in domestic
violence. (Domq9)

10. The course of action taken and laws amended

for domestic violence is not strict enough.
(Domq10)

Human Trafficking

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree agree

11.Human trafficking is currently a

problem to the general
public.(HumtQ1)

12.There should be more laws that

prompt the apprehension of human
 21

traffickers. (HumtQ2)

13. Counselling should be readily

available to every person that is
affected by human trafficking.(HumtQ3)
14.Human trafficking can take place in
forms other than illegal migration, such
as human smuggling, debt bondage,
coercion etc.(HumtQ4)

15.Human trafficking victims are

subjected to physical, emotional and
verbal abuse.(HumtQ5)

16.Human trafficking is a gross Human

violation Crime.(HumtQ6)
17.Sometimes,prostitutes are the
victims of human trafficking.(HumtQ7)

18.Human trafficking in many

cities/states goes unnoticed.(HumtQ8)

19.In many cases, family

members/relatives are largely
associated to such
trafficking/smuggling cases.(HumtQ9)

20. Employment, lavish lifestyles,

money etc are the key factors that lure
people to human trafficking.(HumtQ10)
 22

Respondent view on rape

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree

21.Rape in India today is largely the

result of western influence on Indian
society. (RapeQ1)

22.Indian culture is more rape tolerant

than other cultures.(RapeQ2)

23.Rape in india is more in urban areas

than rural. (RapeQ3)

24.India has a serious rape problem

today.(RapeQ4)

25.Some people who thinks women

who ignores conservative dress code
and going out at night are partially
responsible for what happens to them.
(RapeQ5)
26.Rape cannot take place in a
marriage because a husband has
sexual rights over his wife.
(RapeQ6)
27.There is no behavior on the part of
women that should be considered
justification for rape.
(RapeQ7)
28.Online apps are helpful in
prevention of rape.
(RapeQ8)
29.Rapist to be given capital
punishment.
(RapeQ9)
 23

Respondent view on modesty of women.

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree Agree

30.A girl is appreciated and taken more

seriously if she dresses modestly.
(ModQ1)

31. Men are less attracted to an

immodest girl.
(ModQ2)

32. Body piercing and tattoo makes a

women immodest.
(ModQ3)

33. Modest girls do not have to struggle

with any bad thoughts around men.
(ModQ4)

34. All women with a difference of

height, weight, build etc should have
different clothing choices. (ModQ5)
 24

Contact information (email)

 25

Findings:
The value under KMO analysis was found to be 0.842 showing that our data is significant.

Likert scale was used with 1 being strongly agree, 2 being agree, 3 being neutral, 4 being
disagree and 5 being strongly disagree. the mean of each of the questions was calculated and it
was found that

Questions Mean Comment

1. Domestic violence is a 1.6095 Between Agree and strongly agree
gross human right violation.

2. People are not aware that 1.7857 Between Agree and strongly agree
mental and emotional abuse
is also a part of domestic
violence along with physical
and sexual abuse.

3. Domestic violence shelters 2.0 Agree

are helpful for women
and children in
domestic situations.

4. Children exposed to 1.9714 Between Agree and strongly agree

domestic violence are more
likely to become adult
perpetrators themselves.

5. Initiative should be taken 1.4619 Between Agree and strongly agree

to generate awareness about
helpline numbers and
domestic violence shelters,
especially in rural areas.

6. The victims very often 1.6667 Between agree and strongly agree
ignore such abuses due to
societal pressures.

7. More often the victims are 1.6810 Between agree and strongly agree
unaware of legal measures to
be taken.

8. Dowry is one of the major 1.6810 Between agree and strongly agree
reasons for domestic
violence
9. Alcohol and drugs play a 1.6714 Between agree and strongly agree
part in domestic violence.
 26

10. The course of action 1.5905 Between agree and strongly agree
taken and laws amended for
domestic violence is not strict
enough.

11.Human trafficking is 1.5190 Between agree and strongly agree

currently a problem to the
general public.

12.There should be more 1.6048 Between agree and strongly agree

laws that prompt the
apprehension of human
traffickers.

13. Counselling should be 1.4905 Between agree and strongly agree

readily available to every
person that is affected by
human trafficking
14.Human trafficking can 1.6476 Between agree and strongly agree
take place in forms other than
illegal migration, such as
human smuggling, debt
bondage, coercion etc.

15.Human trafficking victims 1.6095 Between agree and strongly agree

are subjected to physical,
emotional and verbal abuse.

16.Human trafficking is a 1.5143 Between agree and strongly agree

gross Human violation Crime.
17.Sometimes,prostitutes are 1.6429 Between agree and strongly agree
the victims of human
trafficking.

18.Human trafficking in many 1.6381 Between agree and strongly agree

cities/states goes unnoticed.

19.In many cases, family 1.7857 Between agree and strongly agree
members/relatives are largely
associated to such
trafficking/smuggling cases.

20. Employment, lavish 1.7361 Between agree and strongly agree

lifestyles, money etc are the
key factors that lure people to
human trafficking.
 27

21.Rape in India today is 3.7143 Between neutal and disagree with

largely the result of western
more inclination to disagree`
influence on Indian society.

22.Indian culture is more 3.3095 Between neutral and disagree, more

rape tolerant than other
inclination to neutral
cultures.

23.Rape in india is more in 3.3381 Between neutral and disagree, more

urban areas than rural.
inclination to neutral

24.India has a serious rape 2.6190 Between

problem today.
25.Some people who thinks 3.4 Between neutral and disagree, more
women who ignores
inclination to neutral
conservative dress code and
going out at night are partially
responsible for what happens
to them.

26.Rape cannot take place in 4.0476 Disagree

a marriage because a
husband has sexual rights
over his wife.

27.There is no behavior on 2.6429 Between agree and neutral

the part of women that should
be considered justification for
rape.

28.Online apps are helpful in 2.5619 Between agree and neutral

prevention of rape.

29.Rapist to be given capital 1.5714 Between agree and strongly agree

punishment.

30.A girl is appreciated and 3.7095 Between neutral and disagree with
taken more seriously if she
more inclination to disagree
dresses modestly.

31. Men are less attracted to 4.0429 Disgree

an immodest girl.

32. Body piercing and tattoo 4.2286 Mostly Diagree

makes a women immodest.
33. Modest girls do not have
 28

to struggle with any bad 4.1762

thoughts around men. Mostly Disagree

34. All women with a 3.3429 neutral and disagree, more

difference of height, weight,
inclination to neutral
build etc should have
different clothing choices.
 29

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Violence against women is an extremely complex phenomenon, deeply rooted in gender-based

power relations, sexuality, self-identity, and social institutions. Any strategy to eliminate gender
violence must therefore confront the underlying cultural beliefs and social structures that
perpetuate it. To be effective, such a strategy would have to draw on a wide range of expertise
and resources, from both governmental and non-governmental

Research on violence against women has provided important information regarding patterns,
prevalence, risk and consequences of this threat to female well being. Progress has been made in
understanding physical, psychological and sexual violence against women. Additionally, the
research on violence against women in the past two decades has improved and is considered a
crucial element for designing prevention, awareness raising programmes and treatment programs
for violence against women. Although methodological improvements have been made in later
studies, a review of the literature shows many limitations and restrictions that should be taken
into account when researching violence against women. There are strong factors of the
prevalence of violence against women in a society. These factors are economic inequality
between men and women, a pattern of using physical violence to resolve conflict, male authority
and control of decision making in the home, and divorce restrictions for women. The study
suggests that economic inequality for women is the strongest factor, reinforced by male control
in the family and a woman's inability to divorce.

Few recommendations that would incur positive changes and improvements in the present
scenario are-

Recommendation 1: Developing integration and co-ordination between government

departments in relation to policy development and service delivery for women safety, and also
protection of the victims.

Recommendation 2: Funding should be made available to provide training and support for
women education through presentations, seminars, meetings and workshops about their
experiences and safety measures.

Recommendation 3: Necessary awareness programmes should be conducted for better

understanding of the situations
 30

REFERENCE

https://www.womenshealth.gov/violence-against-women/types-of-violence as viewed on
26.04.2017

www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/ as viewed on 28.04.2017

https://www.womenshealth.gov/violence-against-women/types-of-violence/ as 1.05.2017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_women as viewed on 1.05.2017