ABS RULES CONTENTS:

PART 1 : GENERAL PROVISIONS

PART 2 : RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING
PART 3 : HULL CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT
PART 4 : VESSEL SYSTEMS AND MACHINERY
PART 5 : SPECIFIC VESSEL TYPES
PART 6 : OPTIONAL ITEMS & SYSTEMS
PART 7 : OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE

P A R T 1 : GENERAL PROVISIONS
PART 1 CHAPTER 1 Scope and Conditions of Classification
SECTION 1 Classification ............................................................ 3
1 Process .................................................................... 5
3 Certificates and Reports........................................... 5
5 Representations as to Classification........................ 6
7 Scope of Classification............................................. 6
SECTION 2 Suspension and Cancellation of Classification ..... 7
1 Termination of Classification .................................... 9
3 Notice of Surveys ..................................................... 9
5 Special Notations ..................................................... 9
7 Suspension of Class ................................................ 9
9 Lifting of Suspension.............................................. 10
11 Cancellation of Class ............................................. 11
13 Alternative Procedures, Certain Types of Vessels 11
SECTION 3 Classification Symbols .......................................... 13
1 Unrestricted Service............................................... 15
3 Special Rules ......................................................... 15
5 Special Purpose Vessels ....................................... 15
7 Geographical Limitations........................................ 15
9 Vessels Not Built under Survey.............................. 16
11 Equipment Symbol ................................................. 16
13 AMS Symbols...................................................... 16
15 AMS Symbols......................................................... 16
17 Centralized or Automatic Control Systems ............ 16
19 Dynamic Loading Approach................................... 16
21 Safe Hull Criteria ..................................................... 16
23 Ice Class................................................................. 17
25 PORT Notation....................................................... 17
SECTION 4 Rules for Classification ......................................... 19
1 Application of Rules ............................................... 21
3 Alternatives............................................................. 21
5 Novel Features ....................................................... 21
7 Effective Date of Rule Change............................... 22
SECTION 5 Other Regulations ...................................................23
1 General................................................................... 23
3 International Conventions or Codes ...................... 23
5 Governmental Regulations..................................... 23
SECTION 6 IACS Audit................................................................25
SECTION 7 Submission of Plans ..............................................27
1 Hull Plans ............................................................... 29
3 Machinery Plans..................................................... 30
5 Additional Plans...................................................... 30
SECTION 8 Conditions for Surveys After Construction ...........31
1 Damage, Failure and Repair .................................. 33
3 Notification and Availability for Survey .................. 34
 5 Attendance at Port State Request.......................... 34
SECTION 9 Fees .........................................................................35
SECTION 10 Disagreement...........................................................37
1 Rules ...................................................................... 37
3 Surveyors .............................................................. 37
SECTION 11 Limitation of Liability...............................................39
APPENDIX 1 Load Line Marks ......................................................41

P A R T 2 : RULE REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS AND WELDING

CHAPTER 1 Materials for Hull Construction............................. 1
CHAPTER 2 Materials for Equipment ...................................... 55
CHAPTER 3 Materials for Machinery, Boilers, Pressure Vessels, and Piping ........................ 85
CHAPTER 4 Welding and Fabrication.................................... 271

PART 2 CHAPTER 1 Materials for Hull Construction............................. 1

SECTION 1 General Requirements.............................................. 3
1 Testing and Inspection ............................................. 5
3 Defects ..................................................................... 6
5 Identification of Materials ......................................... 6
7 Manufacturers Certificates ...................................... 6
9 Marking and Retests ................................................ 7
11 Standard Test Specimens........................................ 7
13 Definition and Determination of Yield Point and Yield Strength ...................... 9
15 Permissible Variations in Dimensions ...................... 9
17 Through Thickness Properties ............................... 12
19 Formed Materials ................................................... 13
21 Ultrasonic Examination of Plate Material ............... 13
SECTION 2 Ordinary-strength Hull Structural Steel................. 15
1 Ordinary-strength Hull Structural Steel .................. 17
3 Process of Manufacture ......................................... 17
5 Chemical Composition ........................................... 17
7 Condition of Supply ................................................ 18
9 Tensile Properties .................................................. 19
11 Impact Properties ................................................... 20
13 Marking................................................................... 21
15 Surface Finish ........................................................ 22
SECTION 3 Higher-strength Hull Structural Steel .................... 29
1 Higher-strength Hull Structural Steel...................... 31
3 General................................................................... 31
5 Fine Grain Practice................................................. 31
7 Additional Requirements of TMCP Steel ............... 32
SECTION 4 Low Temperature Materials.................................... 39
1 General................................................................... 41
3 Marking................................................................... 41
5 Toughness Tests.................................................... 41
7 Service Temperature 0C (32F) or Above............... 41
9 Service Temperature at or Above -55C (-67F) up to 0C (32F) ........... 42
11 Service Temperature at or Above -196C (-320F) up to -55C (-67F) ......... 42
13 Service Temperatures below -196C (-320F).......... 42
SECTION 5 Hull Steel Castings ..................................................43
1 Process of Manufacture ......................................... 45
3 Marking and Retests .............................................. 45
5 Heat Treatment ...................................................... 45
7 Tensile Properties .................................................. 46
9 Test Specimens...................................................... 46
11 Number of Tests..................................................... 46
13 Inspection and Repair ............................................ 46
SECTION 6 Hull Steel Forgings..................................................49
1 Process of Manufacture ......................................... 51
3 Marking and Retests .............................................. 51
5 Heat Treatment ...................................................... 52
 7 Tensile Properties .................................................. 52
9 Test Specimens...................................................... 53
11 Number of Tests..................................................... 53

PART 2 CHAPTER 2 Materials for Equipment ...................................... 55

SECTION 1 Anchors ................................................................... 57
1 Process of Manufacture ......................................... 59
3 Annealing ............................................................... 59
5 Testing and Inspection ........................................... 59
7 Details of Tests for Anchors ................................... 60
9 Marking for Anchors ............................................... 61
SECTION 2 Anchor Chain .......................................................... 65
1 Scope ..................................................................... 67
3 General................................................................... 67
5 Specially Approved Chain ...................................... 67
7 Qualification of Manufacturers ............................... 67
9 Chain Dimensions and Tolerances ........................ 68
11 Material for Chain................................................... 70
13 Material Testing...................................................... 71
15 Heat Treatment of Chain Lengths.......................... 73
17 Testing and Inspection of Chain Lengths............... 73
19 Details of Tests on Chain Lengths ......................... 74
21 Marking for Chain................................................... 75
23 Anchor Chain Accessories ..................................... 76
25 Unstudded Short-link Chain ................................... 77

PART 2 CHAPTER 3 Materials for Machinery, Boilers, Pressure Vessels, and Piping
SECTION 1 General Requirements............................................ 91
1 Testing and Inspection ........................................... 93
3 Defects ................................................................... 94
5 Identification of Materials ....................................... 94
7 Manufacturers Certificates .................................... 94
9 Marking and Retests .............................................. 95
11 Standard Test Specimens...................................... 96
13 Definition and Determination of Yield Point and Yield strength ................ 98
15 Permissible Variations in Dimensions .................... 98
SECTION 2 Steel Plates for Machinery, Boilers and Pressure Vessels ............ 99
1 General Requirements for All Grades of Steel Plates for Machinery, Boilers, and Pressure Vessels ............. 101
3 Steel Plates for Intermediate-temperature Service ............................. 104
5 Steel Plates for Intermediate- and Higher temperature Service ....................... 105
7 Steel Plates for Intermediate- and Lower temperature Service ........................ 107
9 Materials for Low Temperature Service [Below -18C (0 F)] ................... 108
SECTION 3 Seamless Forged-steel Drums............................. 113
1 Tests and Inspections .......................................... 113
3 Heat Treatment .................................................... 113
SECTION 4 Seamless-steel Pressure Vessels........................ 115
1 General................................................................. 117
3 Tension Test......................................................... 117
5 Flattening Test...................................................... 117
7 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 117
9 Inspection............................................................. 117
11 Marking................................................................. 118
SECTION 5 Boiler and Super heater Tubes..............................119
1 Scope ................................................................... 121
3 General................................................................. 121
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 122
7 Marking................................................................. 123
9 Chemical Composition - Ladle Analysis............... 123
11 Check Analysis..................................................... 123
13 Mechanical Tests ................................................. 124
15 Test Specimens.................................................... 124
17 Tensile Properties ................................................ 125
19 Flattening Test...................................................... 125
 21 Reverse Flattening Test ....................................... 125
23 Flange Test .......................................................... 126
25 Flaring Test .......................................................... 126
27 Crush Test............................................................ 126
29 Hardness Tests .................................................... 127
31 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 127
33 Non-destructive Electric Test (NDET) ................... 128
35 Retests ................................................................. 130
37 Finish.................................................................... 130
39 Permissible Variations in Dimensions .................. 130
SECTION 6 Boiler Rivet and Stay bolt Steel and Rivets ..........135
1 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 137
3 Marking and Retests ............................................ 137
5 Tensile Properties ................................................ 138
7 Bending Properties............................................... 138
9 Test Specimens.................................................... 138
11 Number of Tests................................................... 138
13 Tests of Finished Rivets....................................... 138
SECTION 7 Steel Machinery Forgings .....................................139
1 Carbon Steel Machinery Forgings........................ 141
3 Alloy Steel Gear Assembly Forgings.................... 145
5 Alloy Steel Shaft and Stock Forgings................... 149
7 General Shipboard Alloy Steel Forgings .............. 153
SECTION 8 Hot-rolled Steel Bars for Machinery ....................165
1 Hot-rolled Steel Bars ............................................ 165
3 Number of Tests................................................... 165
SECTION 9 Steel Castings for Machinery, Boilers and Pressure Vessels ...........167
1 General................................................................. 169
3 Marking and Retests ............................................ 169
5 Heat Treatment .................................................... 170
7 Tensile Properties ................................................ 170
9 Application............................................................ 170
11 Test Specimens.................................................... 171
13 Number of Tests................................................... 171
15 Inspection and Repair .......................................... 171
17 Castings for Ice-strengthened Propellers............. 172
SECTION 10 Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings............................ 173
1 Manufacture and Test .......................................... 175
3 Heat Treatment .................................................... 178
5 Weld Repairs........................................................ 178
SECTION 11 Gray-iron Castings................................................ 179
1 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 179
3 Tensile Strength ................................................... 179
5 Higher-strength Castings ..................................... 179
SECTION 12 Steel Piping ........................................................... 181
1 Scope ................................................................... 185
3 General................................................................. 185
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 186
7 Marking................................................................. 187
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 187
11 Ladle Analysis ...................................................... 188
13 Check Analysis..................................................... 188
15 Mechanical Tests Required.................................. 189
17 Tension Test Specimens...................................... 189
19 Bend and Flattening Test Specimens .................. 190
21 Testing Temperature............................................ 190
23 Tensile Properties ................................................ 190
25 Bend Test ............................................................. 190
27 Flattening Test...................................................... 190
29 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 192
31 Non-destructive Electric Test (NDET) for Seamless Pipe ............... 193
33 Retests ................................................................. 195
35 Pipe Testing and Inspection................................. 195
 37 Permissible Variation in Wall Thickness .............. 196
39 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter......... 196
SECTION 13 Piping, Valves and Fittings for Low-temperature Service [ Below -18C (0 F) ] 205
1 Scope ................................................................... 207
3 Designation .......................................................... 207
5 Manufacture ......................................................... 208
7 Heat Treatment .................................................... 208
9 Marking................................................................. 208
11 Chemical Composition ......................................... 208
13 Mechanical Tests ................................................. 208
15 Impact Properties ................................................. 208
17 Steels for Service Temperatures Between - 18C (0 F) and -196C (-320F) .............. 208
19 Steels for Service Temperatures Below - 196C (-320F)................................ 208
21 Materials for Nuts and Bolts ................................. 209
23 Toughness............................................................ 209
25 Impact Test Temperature..................................... 209
27 Witnessed Tests................................................... 209
29 Retests ................................................................. 209
31 Welding ................................................................ 209
SECTION 14 Bronze Castings ....................................................211
1 For General Purposes.......................................... 213
3 Propellers and Propeller Blades........................... 213
5 Castings for Ice-Strengthened Propellers ............ 217
SECTION 15 Austenitic Stainless Steel Propeller Castings....219
1 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 221
3 Inspection and Repair .......................................... 221
5 Chemical Composition ......................................... 221
7 Tensile Properties ................................................ 222
9 Tests and Marking................................................ 222
11 Castings for Ice-strengthened Propellers............. 222
SECTION 16 Seamless Copper Piping.......................................223
1 Scope ................................................................... 225
3 General................................................................. 225
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 225
7 Marking................................................................. 226
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 226
11 Tension Test......................................................... 226
13 Expansion Test..................................................... 226
15 Flattening Test...................................................... 226
17 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 227
19 Number of Tests................................................... 227
21 Retests ................................................................. 227
23 Permissible Variations in Dimensions .................. 228
SECTION 17 Seamless Red-brass Piping..................................229
1 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 231
3 Marking................................................................. 231
5 Scope ................................................................... 231
7 Chemical Composition ......................................... 231
9 Expansion Test..................................................... 232
11 Flattening Test...................................................... 232
13 Mercurous Nitrate Test......................................... 232
15 Bend Test ............................................................. 232
17 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 232
19 Number of Tests................................................... 233
21 Retests ................................................................. 233
23 Permissible Variations in Dimensions .................. 233
SECTION 18 Seamless Copper Tube .........................................235
1 Scope ................................................................... 237
3 General................................................................. 237
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 237
7 Marking................................................................. 238
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 238
11 Tension Test......................................................... 238
13 Expansion Test..................................................... 238
 15 Flattening Test...................................................... 238
17 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 239
19 Number of Tests................................................... 239
21 Retests ................................................................. 239
23 Permissible Variations in Dimensions .................. 240
SECTION 19 Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tube................. 241
1 Scope ................................................................... 243
3 General................................................................. 243
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 243
7 Marking................................................................. 244
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 244
11 Tension Test......................................................... 244
13 Expansion Test..................................................... 245
15 Flattening Test...................................................... 245
17 Non-destructive Electric Test (NDET) ................... 245
19 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 246
21 Number of Tests................................................... 246
23 Retests ................................................................. 246
25 Finish.................................................................... 247
27 Dimensions and Tolerances................................. 247
SECTION 20 Copper-Nickel Tube and Pipe............................... 251
1 Scope ................................................................... 253
3 General................................................................. 253
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 254
7 Marking................................................................. 254
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 254
11 Tension Test......................................................... 255
13 Expansion Test..................................................... 255
15 Flattening Test...................................................... 256
17 Non-destructive Examination ................................ 256
19 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 256
21 Number of Tests................................................... 257
23 Retests ................................................................. 257
25 Finish.................................................................... 257
27 Dimensions and Tolerances................................. 257
SECTION 21 Monel Pipe and Tube ............................................ 261
1 Scope ................................................................... 263
3 General................................................................. 263
5 Process of Manufacture ....................................... 264
7 Marking................................................................. 264
9 Chemical Composition ......................................... 264
11 Tension Test......................................................... 265
13 Flattening Test...................................................... 265
15 Flare Test ............................................................. 266
17 Flange Test .......................................................... 266
19 Number of Tests................................................... 266
21 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 266
23 Non-destructive Electric Test (NDET) ................... 267
25 Retests ................................................................. 268
27 Finish ................................................................... 268
29 Dimensions and Tolerances................................. 268

PART 2 CHAPTER 4 Welding and Fabrication

SECTION 1 Hull Construction.................................................. 273
1 General................................................................. 275
3 Preparation for Welding ....................................... 276
5 Production Welding .............................................. 277
7 Butt Welds ............................................................ 279
SECTION 2 Boilers, Unfired Pressure Vessels, Piping and Engineering Structures ...................... 281
1 General Considerations ....................................... 285
3 Plans and Specifications ...................................... 287
5 Workmanship and Supervision ............................ 287
7 Details of Joints .................................................... 288
 9 Forms of Welded Joints Required........................ 290
11 Preheat................................................................. 292
13 General Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment .................................. 293
15 Fusion-welded Boilers.......................................... 293
17 Fusion-welded Pressure Vessels......................... 297
19 Pipe Connections and Engineering Structures .... 299
21 Post weld Heat-treatment Details.......................... 299
23 Radiography......................................................... 300
25 Hydrostatic Test ................................................... 302
SECTION 3 Weld Tests............................................................. 311
1 General................................................................. 313
3 Filler Metals .......................................................... 313
5 Approval of Welding Procedures.......................... 314
7 Workmanship Tests ............................................. 315
9 Radiographic or Ultrasonic Inspection ................. 316
11 Welders ................................................................ 317
PART 3 HULL CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 1 General ...................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 Steel Vessels 90 Meters (295 Feet) and Above ..... 17
CHAPTER 3 Subdivision and Stability...................................... 263
CHAPTER 4 Fire Safety Measures ............................................ 279
CHAPTER 5 Equipment ............................................................. 285
CHAPTER 6 Navigation ............................................................. 303

PART 3 CHAPTER 1 General

SECTION 1 Definitions ............................................. 3
1 Application................................................................ 5
3 Length ...................................................................... 5
5 Breadth..................................................................... 5
7 Depth........................................................................ 5
9 Draft.......................................................................... 6
11 Molded Displacement and Block Coefficient............ 6
13 Decks ....................................................................... 6
15 Deadweight and Lightship Weight ........................... 7
17 Units ......................................................................... 7
SECTION 2 General Requirements.................................... 9
1 Material and Fabrication......................................... 11
3 Application of Steel Materials 51.0mm (2.00 in.)
and Under in Thickness ......................................... 12
5 Scantlings............................................................... 14
7 Proportions ............................................................. 14
9 Workmanship ......................................................... 14
11 Drydocking ............................................................. 14
13 Structural Sections ................................................. 14
15 Structural Design Details........................................ 15

PART 3 CHAPTER 2 Steel Vessels 90 Meters (295 Feet) and Above

SECTION 1 Longitudinal Strength............................................. 23
1 Application.............................................................. 25
3 Longitudinal Hull Girder Strength ........................... 25
5 Longitudinal Strength with Higher-Strength Materials ..................... 31
7 Loading Guidance .................................................. 32
9 Section Modulus Calculation.................................. 33
11 Strength Decks....................................................... 34
13 Continuous Longitudinal Hatch Coamings and Above Deck Girders ........................ 34
15 Effective Lower Decks............................................ 34
17 Longitudinal Deck Structures Inboard of Lines of Openings ............................. 35
19 Buckling Strength ................................................... 35
SECTION 2 Shell Plating ............................................................ 65
1 Application.............................................................. 67
3 Shell Plating Amidships.......................................... 67
5 Shell Plating at Ends .............................................. 71
7 Bottom Shell Plating for Special Docking Arrangement ............................... 74
9 Compensation ........................................................ 74
11 Breaks .................................................................... 75
13 Bilge Keels ............................................................. 75
15 Higher-strength Materials....................................... 75
SECTION 3 Decks ....................................................................... 77
1 General................................................................... 79
3 Hull Girder Strength................................................ 79
5 Deck Plating ........................................................... 80
7 Higher-strength Material......................................... 86
9 Deck Covering Compositions................................. 86
SECTION 4 Bottom Structures...................................................87
1 Double Bottoms...................................................... 89
3 Center and Side Girders......................................... 89
 5 Solid Floors ............................................................ 91
7 Open Floors............................................................ 91
9 Inner-bottom Plating ............................................... 93
11 Bottom and Inner-bottom Longitudinals ................. 94
13 Fore-end Strengthening ......................................... 95
15 Higher-strength Materials....................................... 97
17 Structural Arrangements and Details ..................... 98
SECTION 5 Frames .....................................................................99
1 General................................................................. 101
3 Hold Frames......................................................... 102
5 Tween-deck Frames ............................................ 106
7 Forepeak Frames................................................. 107
9 After-peak Frames................................................ 108
SECTION 6 Web Frames and Side Stringers...........................111
1 General................................................................. 113
3 Web Frames......................................................... 113
5 Side Stringers....................................................... 115
7 Structural Arrangements and Details ................... 116
9 Peak Stringers...................................................... 116
SECTION 7 Beams ....................................................................119
1 General................................................................. 121
3 Beams .................................................................. 122
5 Container Loading................................................ 124
7 Higher-strength Materials..................................... 124
SECTION 8 Pillars, Deck Girders and Transverses ................127
1 General................................................................. 129
3 Pillars.................................................................... 129
5 Deck Girders and Transverses ............................ 131
7 Hatch-end Beams................................................. 133
9 Higher-strength Materials..................................... 135
SECTION 9 Watertight Bulkheads and Doors .........................137
1 General................................................................. 139
3 Arrangement of Watertight Bulkheads ................. 140
5 Construction of Watertight Bulkheads.................. 142
7 Construction of Corrugated Bulkheads ................ 145
9 Watertight Doors .................................................. 147
SECTION 10 Deep Tanks ............................................................149
1 General................................................................. 151
3 Construction of Deep Tank Bulkheads................. 152
5 Higher-strength Materials..................................... 154
SECTION 11 Superstructures, Deckhouses and Helicopter Decks .............................. 155
1 General Scantlings of Superstructures and Deckhouses ......................... 157
3 Exposed Bulkheads ............................................. 158
5 Enclosed Superstructures .................................... 161
7 Open Superstructures .......................................... 161
9 Forecastle Structures in High-speed Vessels ...... 161
11 Helicopter Decks .................................................. 162
SECTION 12 Machinery Space and Tunnel............................... 165
1 General................................................................. 167
3 Engine Foundations ............................................. 167
5 Tunnels and Tunnel Recesses............................. 168
SECTION 13 Stems, Stern Frames and Rudder Horns............ 171
1 Stems ................................................................... 173
3 Stern Frames........................................................ 173
5 Rudder Horns ....................................................... 177
7 Inspection of Castings.......................................... 179
SECTION 14 Rudders ................................................................. 181
1 General................................................................. 183
3 Design Rudder Force ........................................... 184
5 Design Rudder Torque for Scantlings.................. 187
7 Rudder Stocks...................................................... 188
9 Flange Couplings ................................................. 188
11 Tapered Stock Couplings..................................... 190
 13 Keyless Couplings................................................ 191
15 Pintles................................................................... 191
17 Supporting and Anti-Lifting Arrangements ........... 192
19 Double Plate Rudder............................................ 193
21 Single Plate Rudders ........................................... 195
SECTION 15 Protection of Deck Openings ............................... 205
1 General................................................................. 207
3 Positions and Design Loads................................. 207
5 Hatchway Coamings ............................................ 208
7 Hatchways Closed by Portable Covers and Secured Weather tight by Tarpaulins and Battening Devices ................. 209
9 Hatchways Closed by Covers of Steel Fitted with Gaskets and Clamping Devices.................... 211
11 Hatchways in Decks at Higher Levels.................. 212
13 Hatchways in Lower Decks or within Fully Enclosed Superstructures .......................... 212
15 Other Hatchways.................................................. 213
17 Additional Requirements for Subdivision ............. 214
19 Machinery Casings............................................... 214
21 Miscellaneous Openings in Freeboard and Superstructure Decks .......................... 215
SECTION 16 Protection of Shell Openings................................221
1 Cargo, Gangway, or Fueling Ports....................... 223
3 Bow Doors, Inner Doors, Side Shell Doors and Stern Doors ................................... 224
5 Securing, Locking and Supporting of Doors ........ 224
7 Securing and Supporting Devices........................ 225
9 Securing and Locking Arrangement..................... 226
11 Tightness.............................................................. 227
13 Bow Door Scantlings............................................ 228
15 Inner Door Scantlings........................................... 229
17 Side Shell Door and Stern Door Scantlings ......... 230
19 Bow Door Design Loads....................................... 231
21 Inner Door Design Loads ..................................... 235
23 Side Shell and Stern Doors.................................. 235
25 Allowable Stresses ............................................... 237
27 Operating and Maintenance Manual .................... 237
SECTION 17 Bulwarks, Rails, Freeing Ports, Port lights and Ventilators .....................239
1 Bulwarks and Guard Rails.................................... 241
3 Access and Crew Protection ................................ 242
5 Freeing Ports........................................................ 244
7 Portlights .............................................................. 246
9 Ventilators ............................................................ 246
SECTION 18 Ceiling, Sparring, and Protection of Steel ...........249
1 Close Ceiling ........................................................ 251
3 Sparring................................................................ 251
5 Protection of Steel Work ...................................... 251
SECTION 19 Weld Design...........................................................253
1 Fillet Welds........................................................... 255
3 Tee Connections .................................................. 255
5 Tee-Type End Connections ................................. 261
7 Ends of Unbracketed Stiffeners ........................... 261
9 Reduced Weld Size.............................................. 261
11 Lapped Joints ....................................................... 261
13 Plug Welds or Slot Welds..................................... 262
15 Full or Partial Penetration Corner or Tee Joints... 262
17 Alternatives........................................................... 262

APPENDIX 1 Calculation of Shear Stresses for Vessels Having Longitudinal Bulkheads ............ 37
APPENDIX 2 Loading Manuals and Loading Instruments.......... 41
APPENDIX 3 Loading Manuals and Loading Instruments: Additional Requirements for Bulk Carriers, Ore
Carriers and Combination Carriers 150 Meters (492 Feet) and above in Length
(Lf ) ...................... 49
APPENDIX 3 Loading Manuals and Loading Instruments: Additional Requirements for Bulk Carriers, Ore
Carriers and Combination Carriers 150 Meters (492 Feet) and above in Length
(Lf ) ...................... 51
APPENDIX 4 Buckling Strength of Longitudinal Strength Members ................................... 57
 APPENDIX 5 Guidelines for Calculating Bending Moment and Shear Force in Rudders and Rudder
Stocks ....... 197
APPENDIX 6 Portable Beams and Hatch Cover Stiffeners of Variable Cross Section ................................
217

PART 3 CHAPTER 3 Subdivision and Stability

SECTION 1 General Requirements ......................................... 265
1 General................................................................. 267
3 Criteria ................................................................. 267
5 Review Procedures ............................................. 268
7 Damage Control Plan for Dry Cargo Ships .......... 268
APPENDIX 1 Intact Stability of Tankers During Liquid Transfer Operations ................................. 269
APPENDIX 2 Subdivision and Damage Stability Requirements for Bulk Carriers ............... 275

PART 3 CHAPTER 4 Fire Safety Measures

SECTION 1 Structural Fire Protection..................................... 281
1 General ................................................................ 283
3 Passenger Vessels .............................................. 283
5 Cargo Vessel........................................................ 283
7 Review Procedures .............................................. 284

PART 3 CHAPTER 5 Equipment

SECTION 1 Anchoring, Mooring, and Towing Equipment ..... 287
1 General................................................................. 289
3 Equipment Weight and Size................................. 289
5 Tests..................................................................... 290
7 Anchor Types ....................................................... 290
9 Hawsers and Towlines ......................................... 291
11 Windlass or Winch ............................................... 291
13 Hawse Pipes ........................................................ 292

PART 3 CHAPTER 6 Navigation

SECTION 1 Visibility ................................................................. 307
1 Navigation Bridge Visibility .................................. 307

PART 4 VESSEL SYSTEMS AND MACHINERY

CHAPTER 1 General ................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 Prime Movers ....................................................... 21
CHAPTER 3 Propulsion & Manoeuvring Machinery.............. 103
CHAPTER 4 Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Fired Equipment ................................ 261
CHAPTER 5 Deck and Other Machinery ................................ 325
CHAPTER 6 Piping Systems .................................................. 333
CHAPTER 7 Fire Safety Systems ........................................... 467
CHAPTER 8 Electrical Systems ............................................. 521
CHAPTER 9 Remote Propulsion Control and Automation... 625

PART 4 CHAPTER 1 General

SECTION 1 Classification of Machinery .......... 3
1 General .................................................................... 5
3 Certification of machinery ........................................ 8
5 Machinery plans ..................................................... 12
7 Miscellaneous requirements for machinery ........... 12
9 Sea trials ................................................................ 13
TABLE 1 Certification details - prime movers ......................... 14
TABLE 2 Certification details - propulsion, maneuvering and mooring machinery............. 15
TABLE 3 Certification details - electrical and control equipment .......................................... 16
TABLE 4 Certification details - fire safety equipment..............17
TABLE 5 Certification details - boilers, pressure vessels and fired equipment . ...................18
 TABLE 6 Certification details - piping system components ...19
TABLE 7 Design angles of inclination ......................................20
TABLE 8 Ambient temperatures for unrestricted service .......20
FIGURE 1 Organization of Part 4 ..................................................5
FIGURE 2 Administration of Type Approval Program.................9

PART 4 CHAPTER 2 Prime Movers ....................................................... 21

SECTION 1 Diesel Engines ........................................................ 23
1 General................................................................... 25
3 Materials................................................................. 29
5 Design .................................................................... 30
7 Engine appurtenances ........................................... 41
9 Piping systems for diesel engines.......................... 45
11 Installation of diesel engines .................................. 45
13 Testing, inspection and certification of diesel engines ........... 46
15 Shipboard trials of diesel engines .......................... 53
SECTION 2 Turbochargers ........................................................ 67
1 General................................................................... 69
3 Materials................................................................. 71
5 Design .................................................................... 71
7 Piping systems for turbochargers........................... 72
9 Installation of turbochargers................................... 72
11 Testing, inspection and certification of turbochargers........... 73
13 Spare parts............................................................. 74
SECTION 3 Gas Turbines........................................................... 75
1 General................................................................... 77
3 Materials................................................................. 79
5 Design .................................................................... 80
7 Gas turbine appurtenances................................... 81
9 Piping systems for gas turbines ............................. 84
11 Installation of gas turbines ..................................... 84
13 Testing, inspection and certification of gas turbines ............ 84
15 Spare parts............................................................. 86
SECTION 4 Steam Turbines....................................................... 87
1 General................................................................... 89
3 Materials................................................................. 91
5 Design .................................................................... 92
7 Steam turbine appurtenances ................................ 96
9 Piping systems for steam turbines ......................... 98
11 Installation of steam turbines ................................. 98
13 Testing, inspection and certification of steam turbines .......... 98
SECTION 1 Appendix 1 - Plans and data for diesel engines ....57
SECTION 1 Appendix 2 - Guidance for Spare Parts..................65
SECTION 4 Appendix 1 - Guidance for Spare Parts................101

PART 4 CHAPTER 3 Propulsion & Manoeuvring Machinery.............. 103

SECTION 1 Gears ..................................................................... 105
1 General................................................................. 107
3 Materials............................................................... 110
5 Design .................................................................. 111
7 Piping systems for gears...................................... 114
9 Testing, inspection and certification of gears....... 114
SECTION 2 Propulsion Shafting .............................................. 187
1 General................................................................. 189
3 Materials............................................................... 191
5 Design and construction....................................... 192
7 Propulsion shaft alignment and vibrations ........... 201
9 Inspection, testing and certification...................... 204
11 Installation and trials ............................................ 205
SECTION 3 Propellers .............................................................. 207
1 General................................................................. 209
3 Materials............................................................... 211
 5 Design .................................................................. 211
7 Certification .......................................................... 221
9 Installation, tests and trial..................................... 222
SECTION 4 Steering Gears ...................................................... 223
1 General................................................................. 225
3 Materials............................................................... 227
5 System arrangements .......................................... 228
7 Mechanical component design............................. 229
9 Hydraulic system.................................................. 232
11 Electrical systems ................................................ 234
13 Control systems ................................................... 235
15 Instrumentation..................................................... 236
17 Communications................................................... 236
19 Certification .......................................................... 236
21 Installation, tests and trials................................... 237
23 Additional requirements for passenger vessels ... 239
25 Additional requirements for oil or fuel oil carriers, chemical carriers and gas carriers ....................... 239
SECTION 5 Thrusters................................................................243
1 General................................................................. 245
3 Materials............................................................... 247
5 Design .................................................................. 247
7 Controls and instrumentation ............................... 252
9 Communications................................................... 253
11 Miscellaneous requirements for thrusters rooms... 253
13 Certification and trial............................................. 253
15 Dynamic positioning systems............................... 254
SECTION 1 Appendix 1 - Rating of cylindrical and bevel gears .............117
SECTION 1 Appendix 2 - Guidance for spare parts ................175
SECTION 1 Appendix 3 - Gear Parameters..............................177