Modul Bahasa Inggris - Kelas XII

BAHAN AJAR 01
Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK N 5 KENDAL

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas : XII/1
Waktu : 24 x 45 Menit
STANDAR KOMPTENSI : Berkomunikasi dengan bahasa
Inggris setara level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR : 3.1.Memahami monolog yang
muncul pada situasi kerja tertentu
URAIAN MATERI
Memahami monolog yang muncul pada situasi kerja tertentu
Pengertian Monolog
Monolog adalah pembicara tunggal yang tidak memberi kesempatan orang lain untuk ikut
berbicara . Si pembicara ini, melakukan percakapan tunggal yaitu dia melakukan
percakapan sendiri.
Sebagai contoh:
a. Introducing by self
b. Telling story or work according to the situation. etc.
LANGUAGE IN USE
1. Asking about Someone job.
Some FRPPRQH[SHULHQFHVRPHRQHVMREDUH
What do you do?
What is your occupation?
What is you profession?
For examples;
a. What is A chef ?
A chef is someone who cooks food in the restaurant
b. What is a nurse duty in the Hospital?
A nurse is someone who takes care a patient
c. What is a farmer doing?
A farmer is someone who plants many plants in the field.
d. Pan is something that use for boiling water.
2. Describing Someones job
,I\RXZDQWWRGHVFULEHVRPHRQHVMRE\RX
The name or kind of a job
(J,PZDLWHU
Eg. The work place
The job description
e.g.I reserve food etc.
3. Grammar in Focus
Study these following sentences. Pay to attention to the underlined words.
A computer programmer writes the step by step instruction the direct computers to
process (get along with English book pg.7, activity 8)
VERB TO NOUN
There are two nouns forming.
I. Concrete Noun
Noun has concrete form and it can feel
Examples: Endang (person name); man (he); Surabaya (City); gold; table; etc.
II. Abstract Noun
Noun has abstract form and it cant feel and look but it is able to imagine.
Examples: wisdom; happiness; life; wealth; friendship; faith; etc.
There are four kinds of concrete form
1. Proper Noun (kata benda tersendiri)
Noun passed by Capital letters of name. They are Person name, city, nation, school,
company, place names etc. Example: Riyan; Ratna; Surabaya;Canada; Airlangga
University; Buana Computer; etc.
2. Common Noun (kata benda biasa)
Example: Riyan; Ratna; Surabaya;Canada; Airlangga University; Buana Computer;
etc.
3. Material Noun (kata benda yang berasal dari bahan mentah/ bahan baku)
Noun is coming from mines and basic material others.
4. Collective Noun (kata benda bersama)
Noun is as an association form
Example: crowd (perkumpulan orang);division (sekumpulan serdadu);class
(sekumpulan murid; flet (sekumpulan kapal perang); cattle (sekumpulan binatang
ternak) ; parliament (DPR).
Abstract Noun
It can classify used from verb, adjective and as others.
1. verb to Abstract Noun:
a. Adding a suffix - ment
Advertise : mengiklankan Advertisement : iklan
Agree : menyetujui Agreement : persetujuan
Argue : berdebat Argument : perdebatan
Arrange : menyusun Arrangement : penyusunan
Develop : mengkembangkan Development : perkembangan
Entertain : menjamu Entertainment : perjamuan
Measure : mengukur Measurement : ukuran
b. Adding suffixes ion,- tion

Connect : menghubungkan Connection : hubungan
Adopt : mengangkat anak Adoption : pengangkatan
Associate : mengumpulkan Association anak
Collect : mengumpulkan Collection : perkumpulan
Act : berbuat Action : kumpulan
Confuse : membingunkan Confusion : perbuatan
: kebingunan
c. Adding suffixes ation, - cation, -ition

Admire : mengagumi Admiration : kekaguman
Resign : minta berhenti Resignation : permintaan
Expect : mengharap Expectation berhenti
Qualify : memenuhi syarat Qualification : pengharapan
Compose : mengarang Composition : pemenuhan syarat
: karangan
d. Adding suffixes ance, - ence ,- ce

Hinder : menghalangi Hindrance : halangan
Admit : mengakui Admittance : pengakuan
Appear : menampakkan diri Appearance : penampakan diri
Confide : mempercayakan Confidence : kepercayaan
Differ : membedakan Difference : perbedaan
Obey : mematuhi Obedience : kepatuhan
Serve : melayani service : pelayanan
e. Adding a suffix - t
Complain : mengeluh Complaint : keluhan

Fly : terbang Flight : penerbangan
Contain : berisi Content : isi
Descend : turun Descent : keturunan
Deceive : menipu Deceit : penipuan
f. Adding a suffix sion
Permit : mengijinkan Permission : ijin

Omit : menghilangkan Omission : penghilangan
Secede : melepaskan diri Secession : pemisahan
Succeed : menggantikan Succession : pewarisan
Comprehend : memahami Comprehension : pemahaman
Decide : memutuskan Decision : keputusan
g. Adding a suffix - URE

Please : menyenangkan Pleasure : kesenangan
Press : menekan Pressure : tekanan
Depart : berangkat Departure : pemberangkatan
Sign : menandatangani Signature : tanda tangan
Seize : merampas Seizure : perampasan
h. Adding a suffix AL
Remove : memindahkan Removal : perpindahan
Approve : menyetujui Approval : persetujuan
Try : mencoba Trial : percobaan
Continue : melanjutkan Continual : kesinambungan
Arrive : tiba Arrival : kedatangan
i. Adding a suffix ESS

Succeed : berhasil Success : keberhasilan
Proceed : maju Process : kemajuan
Exceed ; melebihi Excess : kelebihan
j. Adding a suffix TH
Grow : tumbuh Growth : pertumbuhan
Die : mati Death : kematian
Deepen : memperdalam Depth : kedalaman
Bear : melahirkan Birth : kelahiran
k. Change of selves and sound

See : lihat Sight : penglihatan
Drink : minum Draught : tegukan (obat)
Give : memberi Gift : pemberian
Speak ; berbicara Speech : pidatao
Lose : hilang Loss : hilangnya
Choose : memilih Choice : pilihan
Live : tinggal/ hidup Life : kehidupan
Pray : berdoa prayer : doa
l. The unchanged of words
Sleep : tidurnya
Play : permainan
Visit : kunjungan
Smile : senyuman
Plant : tanaman
Dream : mimpi
Show : pertunjukan
Love : cinta
Dance : taraian
Help : bantuan
Aid : pertolongan
Laugh : tertawanya
Look : pandangan
Change : perubahan
Need : kebutuhan
Touch : sentuhan
NOUN TO ADJECTIVE
a. Adding a suffix - y
Discover : menemukan Discovery : penemuan
Deliver : menghantarkan Delivery : hantaran
Injure : melukai Injury : luka
Recover : menyembuhkan Recovery : kesembuhan
Wealth : kekayaan Wealthy : kaya
Health : kesehatan Healthy : sehat
Mist : embun Misty : berembun
b. Adding a suffix ous
Danger dangerous bahaya berbahaya

Delight delicious kenikmatan nikmat/lezat
Fame famous ketenaran tenar
Etc.
c. Adding a suffix Ful
Wonder-wonderful keajaiaban ajaib
Use useful guna berguna
Care- careful perawatan hati-hati
Etc.
d. Suffix Ed
%HIRUHLV1RXQ,WVPHDQ%HU
Skinned berkulit
Eyed bermata
Etc.
e. Adding suffixes AL/CAL
Music musical musik
Culture cultural budaya
ADJECTIVE TO NOUN
1. Adjective Ness
Adjective meaning Abstract Noun Meaning

Good : baik Goodness : kebaikan
Happy : bahagia Happiness : kebahagiaan
Polite : sopan Politeness : kesopanan
Sad : sedih Sadness : kesedihan
2. Abstract Noun derivatives from Common Noun / kata benda biasa

Common Noun Meaning Abstract Noun Meaning
Agent : agen Agency : keagenan
Champion : juara Championship : kejuaraan
Child : anak Childhood : masa kanak2
Hero : pahlawan Heroism : kepahlawanan
Friend : sahabat friendship : persahabatan
3. Adjective - th
Adjective meaning Abstract Noun Meaning
Young : muda Youth : masa muda
Important : penting Importance : pentingnya
Deep : dalam Depth : dalamnya
Hot : panas Heat : panasnya
Poor : miskin Poverty : kemiskinan
Wise : bijaksana Wisdom : kebijaksanaan
Long : panjang Length : panjangnya
True : benar Truth : kebenaran
4. Adding suffix ing in the all of verb to Noun/ Gerund

Verb meaning Noun meaning
To write : menulis Writing : tulisan
To broadcast : menyiarkan Broadcasting : siaran
To read : membaca Reading : bacaan
To speak : bercakap-cakap speaking : percakapan
NOUN TO VERB
a. By adding suffix en of Noun
Noun meaning Verb meaning
Fright : ketakutan Frighten : menakuti
Threat : ancaman Threaten : mengancam
Haste : ketergesaan Hasten : mempercepat
Strength : kekuatan Strengthen : memperkuat
Length : panjangnya Lengthen : memperpanjang
b. By adding suffix ze- or ize- to Noun

Noun meaning Noun meaning
Apology : permintaan maaf Apologize : memintakan maaf
Colony : jajahan Colonize : menjajah
Sympathy : simpati Sympathize : bersimpati
Memory : kenangan Memorize : mengenangkan
Critic : kritikan Criticize : mengkritik
TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
The Simple Present Tense

9HUE
to go, to buy, to send, etc.
/LQNLQJYHUEV
Am, is, are
Look at the following examples :
General activity
- My sister plays the guitar.
- Mr. Kurniawan manages the shop.
- Ikram works for the Astra Company
General truth
- Water boils at 100 degrees.
- The sun sets in the west.
- The sky is blue.
Duties for you (home work) 27 07 2012
Please looking for the kind of work and describing them by using your own words.
( the lack of more 8 kinds of work)
Attention
(YHU\VWXGHQWVPXVWPDNHGLIIHUHQWVHQWHQFHV
a score for you.
Advertisement, Announcement and Invitation

+DLJX\V1RZLOOVKDUHP\HQJOLVKDVVLJQPH
invitation. This is just made by my self
Advertisement
is announcement to the public that contains the promotion of a stuff or service. Function of
advertisement is to inform the readers about new item or new promotion or to persuade
someone to buy something.
Announcement
is a notice to the public or a group that contains an event or important information.

Function of Announcement : to give an information to someone or group or corporation
BAHAN AJAR 02
Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK NEGERI 5 KENDAL

Kelas : XII/1
Waktu :20 x 45 Menit
STANDAR KOMPTENSI : Berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Inggris
setara level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR : 3.2. Memahami percakapan terbatas
dengan penutur asli
URAIAN MATERI
Language in use
Here are some common expressions dealing with reservations.
A. Making a reservations
If you want to make a reservations, you can use the following expressions
,GOLNHWRPDNHDUHVHUYDWLRQV
,GOLNHWRERRNDURRPIRU-DQXDU\
,GOLNHWRERRNDGRXEOHURRPIRUWKLV
Etc.
We can also use some expressions to ask about the facilities, payment, and other
needs. Here are some of the expressions commonly used.
Can I reserve a table for two for lunch?
What facilities does the hotel offer?
Can I book a train seat for tomorrow morning?
Etc.
B. Helping with a reservation
When you want to make a reservation, you can do it by phone, e-mail, or other
ways. The following are some expressions usually by a reservation clerk.
May I help you?
Can you tell me about your address?
,PVRUU\WRLQIRUP\RXWKDWDOORXUWD
Let me repeat the information. Etc.
C. Confirming a reservation
After you make a reservation, you should make a confirmation. Some expressions
to confirm a reservation are:
,GOLNHWRUHFRQILUPP\UHVHUYDWLRQ
,GOLNHWRFRQILUPP\IOLJKW
D. Cancellation a reservation
If you want to cancel your reservation, you can use the following expressions:
,GOLNHWRFDQFHOmy flight
,PDIUDLG,KDYHWRFDQFHOP\UHVHUYDW
,PVRUU\WRLQIRUP\RXWKDW,KDYHWR
Etc
E. Complaining about Something

If you want to make a complaint about something, remember that a direct
complaint or criticism in English can sound rude or aggressive
The best way to make a complaint is by using an indirect
([FXVHPHLI,PRXWRIOLQHEXW\RXZ
,PDIUDLG,KDYHWRPDNHDFRPSODLQW from my
room.
Maybe you forgot to give me a change.Etc
F. Making arrangement/appointment
Some expression used to make an appointment are:
I wonder if we could arrange a time to have lunch tomorrow
Are you free next Saturday?
Will you be available this afternoon.
As for the responses for the expression above, we can use some responses Such
as:
,PUHDOO\WKLQNVRUU\EXW,YHJRWVR
,PVRUU\,OOEXV\QRZ
I think tomorrow afternoon is okay.
TENSES
Dalam belajar tenses hal yang paling pokok dan perlu dipahami adalah Pattern/Pola
dan Keterangan Waktunya.
A. Present
Tenses Pola Ket. Waktu
(YHU\
Present tense S + V1 (es/s)
Now, usually, always, generally
Now, at the present, at this
Present Continuous S + Tobe + Ving
moment, today
Lately, recently
Present Perfect S + Have/has + V3 For + periode waktu
Since + S + V2
For + periode waktu
All day, this weeks
Present Perfect
S + Have/has + Been + Ving )RUWKHODVW
Continuous Tense
Sampai sekarang masih
berlangsung
Eg.
: We get up early every day.
She has been studying hard for the last two months.
Catatan :
1. Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat dalam bentuk continuous adalah :
Need, want, remember, forget, like, know, believe, trust, understand, belong, own, appear.
2.
I have lived in Yogya for a years
I have been in Yogya for a years
I Still Live in Yogya

.DWDNHUMDOLYHGDODP3UHVHQWSHUIHFWVDPD
Choose the best answer

1. A : Where is Tanti ?
B : ,GRQWNQRZ,QIDFW,DQ\RIRXUIUL
a. did not see c. have not seen
b. was not seeing d. do not see
2. A : <RXORRNVRXQKDSS\$QWRQ:KDWVWKHP
B : 0\IDWKHUKLVMRE
a. has just lost c. losing
b. have been losing d. is losing
3. A : Several hotels in this region are closing down.
B : 7KDWVEHFDXVHWRXULVPLWVHOIVLQFHODV
a. has declined c. is declining
b. has been declining d. decline
4. A : What are you looking for ?
B : 0\ZDOOHW,GRQWNQRZZKHUH,LW
a. have been putting c. am putting
b. have put d. put
5. A : $QZDUZDVSURPRWHGSUHVLGHQWRI\RXUFRP
B : ,PJODGKHZDVKHLQWKLVFRPSDQ\I .
a. has been working c. had worked
b. is working d. work
B. Past
Yesterday; Last
Past tense S + V2
DJR
:KLOH $V
Past Continuous S + Tobe + Ving
When + S + V2
%HIRUH :KHQ
Past Perfect S + had + V3
$V 8QWLO
For + periode waktu
Past Perfect Continuous
S + had + Been + Ving S+ V2
Tense
When
Before
Eg. : I was walking home when it began to rain.

The police has been looking for the robbers for two years before they caught him.
1. A : When did you take the academic writing course ?
B : Last year, DIWHU,FRPSRVLWLRQ,,
a. complete c. have completed
b. was completing d. had completed
2. 7KHERRNWKDW,LQWKHFODVVURom was found by Ali
a. had left was leaving
b. had been leaving d. would have left
3. A : Did you gets seats at the show last night?
B : 1RWUHDOO\ZHFDPHZKHQWKHVKRZ
a. to start already c. had already started
b. was already started d. was already started
4. 6KHWKHVKRHVIRUILYHPLQXWHVZKHQRQHR
a. am only wearing c. had only wearing
b. was only wearing d. have only been wearing
5. A : So you have finished typing those the letters! When did you do it?
B : :KHUH\RXWKHPHHWLQJ
a. were attending c. attend
b. have attendant d. Had attended
B. Future
7RPRUURZQH[WZH
Future tense S + Shall/will + V1 day)
This weekend
At this tomorrow
Future Continuous S + Shall/will + be + Ving At ten tomorrow
When + S + V1(es/s)
By + ket. waktu
Future Perfect S + Shall/will + Have + V3
When + S + V1(es/s)
)RU%\NHW
Future Perfect 1H[WIRU
S + Shall/will + have + Ving
Continuous Tense When + S + V1(es/s) for
ket. waktu
Eg. : By the end of this week he will have finished reading the novel.
Next year she will have been studying English for three years.

1. A : Could you tell your brother to meet me at the library tomorrow ?
B : 6XUH, him.
a. will tell c. Be telling
b. would have told d. Will be telling
2. When you arrive on the 6 IORRUJLYHP\QRWHWRWKHVHFU
th
office
a. directs c. directing
b. will direct d. will direct
3. A : I forgot to return this book to the library last week
B : :HOO,PDIUDLG\RXDILQHZKHQ\RXU
a. having to pay c. have had to pay
c. will have to pay d. had had to pay
4. ,KRSHWKDWE\WKHWLPHP\IDWKHUUHWLUHV
a. get c. have got
b. got d. will have got
5. %\WKHHQGRIWKLVZHHN,IURP0DOD\VLD
a. have been back c. would be back
b. may be back d. will have been back
SUBJUNCTIVE WISHES
VERBS FORMS FOLLOWING WISH
VERB FORM IN
TRUE SENTENCE VERB FORM
FOLLOWING WISH
A wish about thea. She will not tell me. a. I wish (that) she would Wish is used when the
future b. He isnt going to be here tell me. speakers wants reality to
c. She cant come tomorrow b. I wish he were going to be different. To be
be here. exactly the opposite
c. I wish she could come verb forms similar to
tomorrow those conditional
A wish about the d. I dont know French d. I wish I knew French sentences are used
present e. It is raining right now e. I wish it werent raining Notice the examples.
f. I cant speak Japanese right now Wish is followed by a
f. I wish I could speak noun clause. The use of
Japanese. that is optional and
Usually it is omitted in
A wish about the g. John didnt come g. I wish John had come speaking.
past h. Mary couldnt come h. I wish Mary Could
have come.
Some examples in these boxes below:

Subjunctive Wishes Subjunctive Wishes Subjunctive Wishes
about The past about The present about The future
In the fact is in the past If the fact is in the present If the fact is in the future
time, a subjunctive must be time, a subjunctive must be time, a subjunctive must be
followed by The past followed by The past followed by The modal +
Perfect Examples: infinitive
Examples: :HUHVRERUHGEHFDXVHZH Examples:
I came late to the airport Alya will not reserve a ticket
GRQWQHYHUJLYHDQH[FLWHG
yesterday. I missed the last teaching learning all of to Malang for me.
holiday. subject matters. The pattern:
The Pattern: The Pattern: > I wish she would reserve a
I wish I hadnt come late I wish we gave an Subjunctive
Subjunctive Past perfect Subjunctive simple Past Tense

excited situations teaching ticket to Malang for me.
learning all of subject Modal + infinitive
to the airport yesterday
matters.
Notes :
In a conditional sentence, use were instead of was.
Examples:
I wish I were here today

I wish he were in the hotel
I HAD A WING. I FLEW ON THE SKY

I WISH I HAD HAD A WING TO FLY ON THE SKY
Write down what the following sentences imply

([DPSOH,ZLVK,KDGPXFKPRQH\ ,PVRUU\
1. The President wishes all Indonesian people donated some money to the tsunami
victims
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Many people wish earthquake and tsunami had not stricken the beach areas
_____________________________________________________________________
3. The man wishes He could find his lost child
_____________________________________________________________________
4. 0\JUDQGPRWKHUZLVKHVPDQ\WVXQDPLYLFWLP
_____________________________________________________________________
5. If only I had gone to Bali for my vacation last year
_____________________________________________________________________
6. If only you had told me about the disaster earlier.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. ,IRQO\WKHIDPLO\KDGQWVZXPLQWKHEHDF h
____________________________________________________________________
8. My mother wished I had taken her advice
_____________________________________________________________________
9. If only you could come to the charity concert
_____________________________________________________________________
10. 7KHVXQLVQWVKLQLQJ,ZLVKWKHVXQBBBBB
now
Complete each sentence with as wish

1. KLVDQLPDOVDUHQWSHRSOH
I know a farmer who talks to his animals as if his animals were people)
2. (She speaks English)
She speaks English______________________________________________
3. <RXGLGQWVHHDJKRVW
:KDWVWKHPDWWHU"<RXORRNBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ___________
4. $JLDQWEXOGR]]HUGLGQWGULYHGRZQPDLQV
After the tornado, the town looked__________________________
5. ,GRQWKDYHZLQJVDQGFDQWIO\
I was so happy that I felt_____________________________________________
Answer the questions:

1. Where do you wish you were right now? What do you wish you were doing?
2. Are you pleased with the weather today, or do you wish it were different?
3. What do you wish about the place you were living?
4. Look around this room, what do you wish were different?
is there anything in your past life that you would change? What do you wish you had
RUKDGQWGRQH"
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(If Clause)
Kalimat Majemuk > kalimat yg terdiri dari Induk kalimat (main clause) dan anak kalimat
(if clause/ subordinate clause) yang mana induk kalimat dapat berdiri sendiri dan tidak
membutuhkan keterangan lain, sedangkan anak kalimat tidak dapat berdiri sendiri dan
membutuhkan keterangan lain.
1. PRESENT REAL
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE FACT
it is possible to happen.
if+Simple Present
S+Modal1(will)+inf.+O I may graduate in March
If I graduate in
I will take master degree in July. so I may take master
march
degree in July.
2. PRESENT UNREAL
Simple Present
if+Simple Past
S+Modal2(wouldl)+inf.+O ,GRQWJUDGXDWHL
If I graduated in
I would take master degree in July. 0DUFKVR,FDQWW
March.
master degree in July.
3. PAST UNREAL
Simple Past
if+ Past Perfect ,FRXOGQWWDNHPD
S+Modal2(would)+have+V3+O
If I had graduated in degree in July because I
I would have taken master degree in July.
March. GLGQWJUDGXDWHLQ
March.
THE PATTERNS (RUMUS)

TYPE I : IF PRESENT, FUTURE ( IF S + TO BE/(VERB +S/ES) +
OBJECT), (S+WILL/SHALL + BE (ADJECTIVE > NOMINAL)/VERB 1+
OBJECT.)
TYPE II : IF PAST, PAST FUTURE
TYPE III : IF PAST PERFECT, PAST FUTURE PERFECT
Meaning of the Verb Form in Verb form in the

,I&ODXVH WKH,I UHVXOW&ODXVH
&ODXVH
True in the Simple Simple present a. If I have enough time. I write
Present/Future Present Simple future to my parents every week
(TYPE I) b.If I have enough time
tomorrow, I will write to my
parents.
c. If I/she am/is in Korea, I will
meet to Kim Hyun Joong.
d.If Joko loves to Yayuk, he will
give to everything to hers
(Yayuk)
e. Indra will eat together with
Ery if he has much money.
f. ,I<XVXI1DVWDLQORY
friend, he will invite for dinner
in the restaurant.
BAHAN AJAR 03
Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : ....................................................................

Kelas : XII/1
STANDAR KOMPTENSI : Berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Inggris setara
level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR : 3.3. Menyajikan Laporan
Learning Outcomes
Listening
Identifying and noting down expressions used in a presentation
Speaking
Presenting a report using functional expressions in front of the class
Reading
Reading and Comprehending texts about reports
Writing
Making a rough draft of report based on an outline
DESCRIPTION
Presenting Reports
Report is a summary of an activity written or orally delivered in institutions, offices
or business firms by a personnels responsibilities to do after arranging some duties
concerning with his or job
Learn some expressing used in opening a speech
-*RRGPRUQLQJODGLHVDQGJHQWOHPHQ
-'LVWLQJXLVKHG+RQRUDEOHJXHVWVFKRROSULQFLS
-My EHORYHGWHDFKHUIULHQGV
-I am pleased to welcome you in this party/celebration
The Phrases/sentences above are usually follow by

-2QEHKDOIRIP\IULHQGVZKRKDYHMXVWJUDGX
-,OOGHOLYHUDVSHHFKWRUHSUHVHQWWKHVWXGH
-etc.
Read and understand tips for delivering a speech

- Dress neatly.
LI\RXGRQWGUHVVUHDVRQDEO\ZHOO\RXPD\
ORRVH\RXUFRQILGHQFH5HPHPEHUWRGUHVVZH
expensive one.
- Be sure about what you are going to say

If you are not sure that you can speak a lot about particular things without looking at the
text, then you must make a text
-Look at your audiences, be enthusiastic (bersemangat), be friendly

If you have a text of your speech in your handVSOHDVHGRQWORRNDWLW
DWWKHPDLQSRLQWVRQFHDZKLOHLWZRXOGEH
are going to say. Look at your audience nicely. Please smile if you think you should smile..
- Speak Cleary
Your voice should loud enough to be hard by the audience. if your voice is weak, your
audience will not give good attention.
If it happens, you will not get good impression from your audience.
GLOSSARY (daftar kata)

Read and study the following expression, for presenting report to
Introducing the subject
,GOLNHWRVWDUWE\
)LUVWRIDOO,OO
Finishing one Subject
:HOO,YHWROG\RXDERXW
7KDWV DOO,KDYHWRVD\\RXU
Starting an other Subject
1H[W
,GOLNHWRGLVFXVV
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations
/HWVFRQVLGHUWKLVLQPRUHGHWDLO
What does this mean for ABC?
Giving an example
For example..
As an illustration
Dealing with question
:HOOEHH[DPLQLQJWKLVSRLQWLQPRUHGHWDL
Summarizing and concluding

,QFRQFOXVLRQ
)LQDOO\OHWPHUHPLQG\RXRIVRPHRI
More about presenting a report
1. Before you start
a. Determine the following things
The major subject
The audience
The time all out.
b. Know your audience
Do not assume that talking the audience has a lot of knowledge, but do not patronize
either.
,WVEHWWHUWREDVLFWKDQWRRGLIILFXOW
c. Remember that talking is different to writing
K.I.S.S. (Keep it short and simple), focus on getting one to three key point.
talking Repeat key insights, what you are going to tell (forecast) and what you told
them. (summary)
d. What you want to say
Think of your talk as a sales pitch
<RXUSUHVHQWDWLRQGRHVQWUHSODFHDSDSHU
2. Preparing your talk
a. Do not start with slides
Talk is more important than visual
Prepare what you are going to say based on a talking outline rather than written
slides.
b. Humor and stories
Good to be self deprecating
But to ready for humor to flop
3. Practice
'RQWIRUJHWSUDFWLFHEHIRUHGRLQJ\RXU
How do I clarify my aim?

The aim of your report should be clear from the type of report needed. In an experimental
report the aim is very different to that of a design report. For example:
Experimental Report
An experimental report aims to report on:
an experiment or research.
what was achieved during the course of the experiment.
what was concluded and how this compares with previous published results.
Technical Design Report

A Technical Design report aims to:
solve a problem or;

recommend a design
5HSRUW:ULWLQJ
Writing the Report
This section deals with the next step, writing the important sections of your report: the introduction,
conclusion and abstract. They are important because 9 times out of 10, readers will focus on these
sections.
Abstracts, Introductions & Conclusionswhat's the difference?
An abstract is a brief statement which outlines the report in full; what was done, achieved,
decided and concluded.
The introduction is a section which states your aims and some required background
knowledge. An introduction will also outline the body of the report (where you state what
you will do).
Don't confuse the introduction with the abstract or summary; they are very different. Writers often
confuse the main purpose behind writing an introduction and an abstract. The common
misconception is that one is simply a smaller version of the other (that the introduction is a
rewritten, chopped-up version of the abstract). However, this is not the case.
The Abstract
Most reports need an abstract, but they are generally more important for technical reports or
scientific documents.
An abstract is a succinct passage which provides a brief outline on what was

achieved/decided/concluded in your report.
An abstract is placed on a separate page before the contents page.
An abstract can be written last so that every bit of necessary detail is taken from the
finished report.
An abstract is one part of a report that will certainly be read by a client/assessor/manager.
The rest of the report is read if more detail is required.
An abstract is about half a page in length. Sometimes a word limit is given. This can range
from 50-300 words.
Top Ten tips for presenting your key points with lasting impact
How can you best emphasize the key points of your presentation so that your audience
hears, digests and remembers your message? What are you doing to ensure that your
listeners remember the right parts of your presentation?
Picture yourself delivering a presentation to your management team, a proposal to the
evaluation committee or instructions to your staff. Guess what? They aren't hanging on
your every word. However, when you present your key points - you want people to listen,
believe and remember your message. How do you do that? Use the following techniques
to give the key words of your presentation more impact.
1. Announce, "This is important." Then deliver the important line. Teachers grab
attention by saying, "This will be on the exam." You could state, "This is a million dollar tip."
2. Pause, just before, and after, you say the important point. This is similar to placing
quotation marks around the important line. Notice the effect of the pause at an awards
presentation when the MC says, "May I have the envelope please?"
3. Deepen the tone of your voice to increase the believability. Practice this, "And in
conclusion," (deepen your voice) "I am the best one for the job." Just for fun, when you are
alone, try it in a higher pitched voice and notice the difference. Think James Earl Jones.
4. Make them laugh just before, then get serious and deliver the important message.
This is a good attention getter and very helpful when you want to change directions. When
your listeners laugh they open their minds and are more willing to accept new information.
5. Move just before you speak - then stand still while delivering the important message.
This is especially effective if you pace or move a lot when you speak. Stand still when you
deliver the important words. Your audience can't listen to your words if they are busy
watching you move.
6. Look your audience in the eye - never read the important message. If you have to
read it - then it looks like you don't really know your message or believe it. Know your
message, rehearse it and deliver it directly to your audience.
7. Smile. Your audience will believe you more when you smile during your
presentation. They listen with their eyes and ears. Be friendly to the eyes and the ears of
your audience. If they don't like what they see - they won't listen.
8. Tell a story of how this lesson was learned or applied. The earliest presentations were
stories told by our cave-dwelling ancestors. The story lessons were remembered. If only
more teachers and professors of today remembered the wisdom of our ancestors. Folks
love stories. They hate lectures. Just ask your kids.
9. Repeat your main message three times during your presentation. If you want it
remembered - repeat it and repeat it again. The first time they weren't listening. The
second time they caught part of it and the third time they might hear it and remember it.

10. Reinforce the key message with images. Your listeners retain images better than
words. Attach your presentation messages to word pictures, visuals and body language.
In your presentation some key words will be more important that the rest. If you want your
audience to pay attention to any part of your presentation - it is the key words. Wake them
up and anchor those key messages with these top ten tips for presenting your key points
with impact.
Example Abstract
A trailer rig was used to analyze the properties of an undamaged [1] Set up procedure
system and experiment with a range of instrumentation. [1] [2] Initial findings
It was found that two modes of vibration exist, these being longitudinal [3] Conclusions
vibration and rotational. The damping ratio and natural frequency were [4]Recommendations
calculated and are included in this report. The damping was found to
be linear. [2] While the experiment was useful it did not closely
resemble road conditions. Actual road conditions would result in
successive bumps and constant vibration while the wheels rotated the
whole time. [3] Finally, it was decided that given cost considerations,
the XY plotter provided accurate results and manageable data. [4]
The 7 of steps in making a report bellows:

1. Title page
2. Preface
3. Table of contents
4. Abstract
5. Introduction
6. Content. > problem solving etc
7. Closing (conclusion and suggestion)
The Introduction
The aim of an introduction is to state what you have been asked to achieve and list your current
course of action.
Example Introduction 1
This document compares a range of instrumentation of varying cost [1] Purpose

and sophistication and investigates the properties of undamped [2] Aim; part of a
systems. [1] The natural frequency and damping ratio of these major report.
V\VWHPVZLOOJLYHDQLQGLFDWLRQRIWKHLUEHKDYLRXUZ Requires an outline of
Furthermore, an analysis of the mathematical model as compared to the steps you will
actual road conditions must be completed and equipment suggested take
for further studies of the trailer.[2]
Example Introduction 2
Machinery and equipment in industry is heated up and [1] Background
brought on line gradually to avoid problems generated by [2] Aim; it is not necessary to
thermal generated stresses. [1]In this experiment the outline everything in a short of
severity of stress due to sudden temperature changes are introductory report. Be
examined. [2] succinct!
The Conclusion
The conclusion (along with the introduction and abstract) is generally the section most read by
FOLHQWV,I\RXFDQFRQFOXGH\RXUZRUNILQGLQJVZHOO
\RXUZRUNVVLJQLILFDQFH\RXUDFKLHYHPHQWVDQGZKHW her your aims have been successful or not.
Even in the face of failure, e.g. your experiments do not work, a proper conclusion would
demonstrate an understanding of what you achieved. Here is how to do that:
Note the shortcomings and pitfalls of the methods and/or equipment used
State your findings from the analysis of your data
Outline possible recommendations (e.g. provide suggestions for further research).
Recommendations may form a separate heading if substantial.
A Note of Caution
Do not use your abstract to write your conclusion or vice versa as the reader will believe you have
not put enough thought into why you are doing your work. Remember the abstract, introduction
and conclusion have different purposes, different emphasis and different structures.
Example Conclusion
The results of the damping coefficient and the natural frequency of [1] Findings and what
the system are fairly consistent given the small amount of data given was achieved
and how prone this method is to error. [1] [2]Recommendations
In looking at the data provided by the pointer and scale it is
surprising that the results were so consistent. The equipment was
difficult to use and read and not really adequate for this type of
testing. [1]
The LVDT transducer provided clear results for the XY plotter and
the digital oscilloscope, both providing graphs that were very clear. I
recommend the use of the XY plotter over the digital oscilloscope
due to their difference in price ($4000 for a XY plotter and $7000 for
a digital oscilloscope). The XY plotter does not require the use of a
computer and printer to get it into a hard copy form where the data
can be analysed.[2]
5HSRUW:ULWLQJ
How should I present my report?
READ assignment guidelines in your course outlines. Reading these instructions will
inevitably save you hours in that final effort to finish the report.
Impress your marker by making it look like a professional report. You can do this easily
because many word processing programs have a report template you can use or adapt.
Type your report; it makes your work easier to read.
If you need to do calculations by hand, adhere to the following guidelines:
o Rule your page. Put answers to all your calculations in a right hand column. This
stops the reader from having to search your page for them.
o Double space your work. Don't squash visuals and text together.
Everything must be geared towards making it easy for your readers. See our brochure
on Technical Writing for additional advice on language and layout of reports.
Look at past reports. The library has thesis reports (hard copy and online) in the
collection. Your school also has 4th year honours thesis reports and Masters and PhD
thesis reports.
Remember, keep it simple!

1. What was the original request? Does your work fulfil the requirements?
2. What does the audience need/want from your report? Have you included it?
3. When editing your report, retain what is important/ relevant, delete what is not.
4. Is there much repetition? Can you merge or delete sections?
5. Do your conclusions come from your findings and not from generalisations? (See example
below).
Example Conclusions. . .
3 academics are traveling on a train through Britain. As the train crosses into Scotland they see a
black sheep in a field.
The 1st academic remarks "Oh look, the sheep in Scotland are black". (overgeneralizing)
The second academic replies "No, some sheep in Scotland are black". (a reasonable conclusion)
The third academic declares "There is at least one sheep in Scotland that is black on at least one
side". (a precise and cautious conclusion)
Need to know more?
IF ALL ELSE FAILS, revisit your original task analysis and TALK TO YOUR 'CLIENT' (lecturer,
tutor, marker etc.) and clarify what they want in the report.
BAHAN AJAR 04

Kelas : XII/1
level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR : 3.4. Memahami manual penggunaan peralatan
URAIAN MATERI
Memahami manual penggunaan peralatan
Learn the information, complete the dialogues based on the information you read on
the chart
Note : The information is about the trouble shooting and some simple solution to problem
which may affect your car audio system with VCD,CD,MP3 disc player and Am/FM
stereo Digital Tuning Radio.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Symptom Cause Solution

check the romote control for a
Power does not turn on remote control not function
good battery
Another disk is already in Eject first disk and insert
disk does not insert
unit another into unit
the disk is ejected as soon the disk has been inserted insert the disc with the label
as it is inserted upside down side up
condensation may have
insert the disc with a soft
formed on the internal lens
sound skips or noisy cloth. replace the disc with no
when the car is parked in a
scratches
humid place
insert disc with label surface draw disc out and then insert it
Error 1
down again with label surface up
Example of dialog
6WXGHQW$,KDYHDSUREOHPZLWKP\FDU
Student B : Have you check the battery on the remote control?
6WXGHQW$1R,KDYHQW2K\H s, I should change the battery
Thank you for reminding me about it.
6WXGHQW%<RXUHZHOFRPH
6WXGHQW$:K\FDQW,LQVHUWWKHGLVF"
6WXGHQW%0\EHWKHUHVDQRWKHUGLVFLQVL
Student A : What should I do?
Student B : Eject first disc and insert another one into the unit.
BAHAN AJAR 05
Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : ................................................................

Kelas : XII/2
level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR : 3.5. Memahami surat-surat bisnis sederhana
Memahami surat-surat bisnis sederhana
Memahami surat-surat bisnis sederhana

There are two main types of letters
1. Personal (private) latter

This kind of letter is usually sent by a personal to another person or to an office telling
about his personal matters. He can tell everything he feels in his letter Personal letters do
not follow certain limitations.
2. Business Letter
When somebody writes a letter to his boss in the office or when he applies for a job he
must write a business letters. he cannot tell everything he feels. he write things to the point,
because the person he writes the letter to is always busy and doHVQWKDYHPXFKWLP
read long letters. A business letters follows certain regulation
However, most letters consist of:
-The heading
-The Opening
-The salutation
-The body
-Closing
- Complementary close
- Sincerely
- Signature
- Sender
There are many kinds of business letters such as:

1. Letter of inquiry
They are the simple request for information, such as: literature, favors, reservations,
appointments, and so on
2. Letters answering
They are answering all the coming orders from big and small companies, some times they
use a special from for this kinds of letter, unless it request a personal massage. Some times
GLIILFXOWWRZULWHEHFDXVHWKH\KDYHWRUHI
delivery,
These letters require the utmost tact and courtesy
3.Claim and adjustment letters:

Sometimes a customer complains about things you do for him. this, you have to write a
reply to this disappointed customer
4. Sales Letters
People use these letters for special purposes: for selling products or services
5.Apology letter and Congratulation letter

***********
***********
**********
***********
***********
***********
14th January 2008

Customer Service Department
************
************
************
************
Booking Reference: ************
Dear Sirs,
I am writing to you firstly to portray my utter dissatisfaction with the holiday that you
sold me and secondly to demand a very substantial refund. Upon booking your holiday
package to ********* in ********* I made it abundantly clear to your salesperson that I
wanted a 4 star hotel and according to your salesperson that is what I had booked. Even
going to the point of reiterating the point several times that I wanted to book a four star
hotel your salesperson repeatedly confirmed that it was indeed a 4 star hotel that I was
about to book.
Your email confirmation (copy enclosed), which soon followed my booking further
confirmed that the hotel ********* on our booking was classified 4 star. Upon reaching
the destination I was incredibly frustrated to discover that the hotel ********* was in
fact classified as a three star. This in itself is cause for severe discontent, however to
compound matters the condition of the room and lack of information was nothing short of
a disgrace.
The condition of the room was subject to the following disgraceful conditions:
Hair on the floor in the bathroom
Shower was very dirty stains around the floor and up the walls
There was what appeared to be a blood stain on the mirror
The bed sheets had several stains and hair on them
Brown stains on the wall of the bathroom
Large amount of dust on the table
Stains on walls of room
Air conditioning did not work
Some of the lights did not work
Ceiling unstable (sections hanging down)
Enclosed with this letter you will find photographic evidence that documents the dreadful
room conditions. Upon complaining to the hotel they were unable to provide us with
another room and sent someone to change the sheets, however the room remained in a
disgusting state. We were forced to hand over our accommodation vouchers at the airport
and as such had no means of contact with a representative. There was no information
board and the hotel took some considerable time to get details of the company with which
we had been assigned accommodation. Once details had finally been discovered we
contacted ********* only to discover that they had no idea who we were. It took several
phone calls to finally clarify the situation at which point we were informed that your
company had not made them aware that we were staying at the *********, and if it
wasnW for us initiating contact with them then they would not have come to greet us.
During this period we attempted to contact your company on several occasions to get
details of the accommodation representatives however your organization was completely
unsupportive. I asked to speak to the representative who we had booked with and at first
was told that she did not even work for your organization. On a subsequent phone call I
was told that she did work for your organization but she was away from the office. In any
case we were desperate to get contact with are present and none of your employees were
able to assist us which was completely unacceptable.
After a long series of phone calls a representative from ********* was finally sent out to
meet us on our second day at 7:00 in the evening. Thankfully this representative was very
helpful, however she informed us that it was not possible to change hotel that evening
and that we would have to wait until the following day (the third day of our KROL dD\ to
be able to move. Furthermore they were unable to allocate us another hotel free of charge
as they had sent details to you stating that the ********* is in fact a three star hotel and
that it was your responsibility. We showed the ********* representative the condition of
our room and she was absolutely appalled at the conditions, after inspecting the room she
stated that Whis is the worst three star hotelthat she had seen. So not only were we
provided with a three star hotel instead of the four star hotel that we purchased, the
conditions of this three star hotel were repulsive and squalid.
Upon contacting your company once again, I was informed by one of your employees
that there was nothing that you were able to do to help us, and that we would have to
write to you once we had returned to the UK in order to gain compensation. Therefore we
were forced to take it upon ourselves to cover the cost of moving to another hotel in order
to gain a reasonable level of comfort, this however did not occur until the third day at
which point our holiday and new year celebrations had been ruined beyond repair.
A further complaint that I have is that at the airport I paid 35 to have extra leg room only
to get on the plane and be placed in a seat that had less leg room than the standard seats.
In selling my partner and I this holiday you have broken the law as you have
misrepresented our hotel as a four star rating when it was in fact a three star rating.
I aware that your organization is ABTA protected and I would like to point out that you
have failed to comply with the ABTA code of conduct. Firstly you have broken 1A which
states that you must
Make every effort to ensure that accurate information is provided to enable Clients to
exercise an informed judgment in making their choice of Travel Arrangements.
Make every effort to ensure that accurate information is provided to enable Clients to
exercise an informed judgment in making their choice of Travel Arrangements.
Secondly you have broken the code of conduct 1D which states that you must
Ensure that no Advertising or Promotion or any other publication, whether in writing
otherwise, shall contain anything that is likely to mislead the public.
Thirdly you have broken the code of conduct 4E which states you must
Where appropriate and subject to their reasonable discretion, provide prompt assistance to
Clients in difficulty.
Finally you have broken code of conduct 6A which states you must
Maintain a high standard of service to Clients.
To summarize this letter what I am demanding from your company is the following:
A full refund on the accommodation at the ********* hotel
290 to cover the cost of the new hotel (I have enclosed a receipt as proof of purchase
from *********)
A considerable compensation payout for the distress and aggravation caused
35 refund for additional leg room on flight
Payment to cover phone calls (unable to provide proof at this stage as I have not
received a statement from my phone company)
If an acceptable compensation agreement is not achieved then I will have absolutely no
hesitation in taking further action including issuing legal proceedings and reporting your
organization to media watchdogs.
I look forward to your prompt response.
Yours faithfully,
*********
BAHAN AJAR 06

Kelas : XII/2
level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR :3.6.Memahami dokumen-dokumen teknis
URAIAN MATERI
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

2.1 Description
2.2 Initiating a SOP
2.3 Preparation of SOPs
2.4 Administration, Distribution, Implementation
2.5 Laboratory notebook
2.6 Relativization as encouragement SOPs
2.1 Description
An important aspect of a quality system is to work according to unambiguous (clear)
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). In fact the whole process from sampling to the
filing of the analytical result should be described by a continuous series of SOPs. A SOP
for a laboratory can be defined as follows:
"A Standard Operating Procedure is a document which describes the regularly recurring
(repetition) operations relevant to the quality of the investigation. The purpose of a SOP is
to carry out the operations correctly and always in the same manner (way). A SOP should
be available (whip out /Prepare) at the place where the work is done".
A SOP is a compulsory (mandatory) instruction. If deviations (digression /(penyimpangan)
from this instruction are allowed, the conditions for these should be documented including
who can give permission for this and what exactly the complete procedure will be. The
original should rest at a secure place while working copies should be authenticated (the
original a proof) with stamps and/or signatures of authorized persons.
Several categories and types of SOPs can be distinguished. The name "SOP" may not
always be appropriate (suitable), e.g., the description of situations or other matters may
better designated protocols, instructions or simply registration
forms. Also worksheets belonging to an analytical procedure have to be standardized (to
avoid jotting (menonjol) down readings and calculations on odd pieces of paper).
A number of important SOP types are:

- Fundamental SOPs. These give instructions how to make SOPs of the other categories.
- Methodic SOPs. These describe a complete testing system or method of investigation.
- SOPs for safety precautions. (Preventive)
- Standard procedures for operating instruments, apparatus (tool) and other equipment.
- SOPs for analytical methods.
- SOPs for the preparation of reagents.(reaction material)
- SOPs for receiving and registration of samples.
- SOPs for Quality Assurance.
- SOPs for archiving and how to deal with complaints.
2.2 Initiating a SOP(starting)
As implied (menyiratkan) above, the initiative and further procedure for the preparation,
implementation and management of the documents is a procedure in itself which should be
described. These SOPs should at least mention:
a. who can or should make which type of SOP;
b. to whom proposals for a SOP should be submitted, and who adjudges (decides) the
draft;
c. the procedure of approval; (agree)
d. who decides on the date of implementation, and who should be informed;
e. how revisions can be made or how a SOP can be withdrawn.
It should be established (remain) and recorded who is responsible for the proper
distribution of the documents, the filing and administration (e.g. of the original and further
copies). Finally, it should be indicated (sign) how frequently a valid SOP should be
periodically (pd wkt tetentu) evaluated (usually 2 years) and by whom. Only officially
issued (mengeluarkan) copies may be used, only then the use of the proper (suitable)
instruction is guaranteed.
In the laboratory the procedure for the preparation of a SOP should be as follows:
The Head of Laboratory (HoL) charges a staff member of the laboratory to draft a SOP (or
the HoL does this himself or a staff member takes the initiative). In principle, the author is
the person who will work with the SOP, but he or she should always keep in mind that the
SOP needs to be understood by others. The author requests a new registration number from
the SOP administrator or custodian (which in smaller institutes or laboratories will often be
the HoL, see 2.4). The administrator verifies if the SOP already exists (or is drafted). If the
SOP does not exist yet, the title and author are entered into the registration system. Once
the writing of a SOP is undertaken (do), the management must actively support this effort
and allow authors adequate (enough) preparation time.
In case of methodic or apparatus SOPs the author asks one or more qualified colleagues
(partner)to try out the SOP. In case of execution procedures for investigations or
protocols, the project leader or HoL could do the testing. In this phase the wording of the
SOP is fine-tuned. When the test is passed, the SOP is submitted (deliver) to the SOP
administrator for acceptance. Revisions of SOPs follow the same procedure.
2.3 Preparation of SOPs

The make-up of the documents should meet a minimum number of requirements:
1. Each page should have a heading and/or footing mentioning:
a. date of approval and/or version number;
b. a unique title (abbreviated if desired);
c. the number of the SOP (preferably with category);
d. page number and total number of pages of the SOP.
e. the heading (or only the logo) of originals should preferably be printed in another colour
than black.
Categories can be denoted with a letter or combination of letters, e.g.:
- F for fundamental SOP
- A or APP for apparatus SOP
- M or METH for analytical method SOP
- P or PROJ for procedure to carry out a special investigation (project)
- PROT for a protocol describing a sequence of actions or operations
- ORG for an organizational document
- PERS for describing personnel matters
- RF for registration form (e.g. chemicals, samples)
- WS for worksheet (related to analytical procedures)
2. The first page, the title page, should mention:
a. general information mentioned under 2.3.1 above, including the complete title;
b. a summary of the contents with purpose and field of application (if these are not evident
from the title); if
desired the principle may be given, including a list of points that may need attention;
c. any related SOPs (of operations used in the present SOP);
d. possible safety instructions;
e. name and signature of author, including date of signing. (It is possible to record the
authors centrally in a register);
f. name and signature of person who authorizes the introduction of the SOP (including
date).
3. The necessary equipment, reagents (reaction materials) and other means should be
detailed.
4. A clear, unambiguous imperative description is given in a language mastered by the
user.
5. It is recommended to include criteria for the control of the described system during
operation.
6. It is recommended to include a list of contents particularly if the SOP is lengthy.
7. It is recommended to include a list of references.
2.4 Administration, Distribution, Implementation

From this description it would seem that the preparation and administration of a SOP and
other quality assurance documentation is an onerous job. However, once the draft is made,
with the use of word processors and a simple distribution scheme of persons and
departments involved, the task can be considerably eased.
A model for a simple preparation and distribution scheme is given in Figure 2-1. This is a
relation matrix which can not only be used for the laboratory but for any department or a
whole institute. In this matrix (which can be given the status of a SOP) can be indicated all
persons or departments that are involved with the subject as well as the kind of their
involvement. This can be indicated in the scheme with an involvement code. Some of the
most usual involvements are (the number can be used as the code):
1. Taking initiative for drafting
2. Drafting the document
3. Verifying
4. Authorizing
5. Implementing/using
6. Copy for information
7. Checking implementation
8. Archiving
Fig. 2-1. Matrix of information organization (see text).
There is a multitude of valid approaches for distribution of SOPs but there must always be
a mechanism for informing potential users that a new SOP has been written or that an
existing (there)SOP has been revised or withdrawn.(pull from)
It is worthwhile (useful) to set up a good filing system for all documents right at the outset.
This will spare much inconvenience (unpleasant), confusion and embarrassment (keadaan
memalukan), not only in internal use but also with respect to the institute's management,
authorities, clients and, if applicable, inspectors of the accreditation body.
The administrator responsible for distribution and archiving SOPs may differ per institute.
In large institutes or institutes with an accredited laboratory this will be the Quality
Assurance Officer, otherwise this may be an officer of the department of Personnel &
Organization or still someone else. In non-accredited laboratories the administration can
most conveniently (pleasantly) be done by the head of laboratory or his deputy. The
administration may be done in a logbook, by means of a card system or, more
conveniently, with a computerized database such as Perfect View or Card box. Suspending
files are very useful for keeping originals, copies and other information of documents. The
most logic system seems to make an appropriate grouping into categories and a master
index for easy retrieval. It is most convenient to keep these files at a central place such as
the office of the head of laboratory. Naturally, this does not apply to working documents
that obviously are used at the work place in the laboratory, e.g., instrument logbooks,
operation instruction manuals and laboratory notebooks.
The data which should be stored per document are:
- SOP number
- version number
- date of issue
- date of expiry
- title
- author
- status (title submitted; being drafted; draft ready; issued)
- department of holders/users
- names of holders
- number of copies per holder if this is more than one
- registration number of SOPs to which reference is made
- historical data (dates of previous issues)
The SOP administrator keeps at least two copies of each SOP; one for the historical and
one for the back-up file. This also applies to revised versions. Superseded versions should
be collected and destroyed (except the copy for the historical file) to avoid confusion and
unauthorized use.
Examples of various categories of SOPs will be given in the ensuing chapters. The
contents of a SOP for the administration and management of SOPs can be distilled from
the above. An example of the basic format is given as Model F 002.
2.5 Laboratory notebook

Unless recorded automatically, raw data and readings of measurements are most
conveniently written down on worksheets that can be prepared for each analytical method
or procedure, including calibration of equipment. In addition, each laboratory staff
member should have a personal Notebook in which all observations, remarks, calculations
and other actions connected with the work are recorded in ink, not with a pencil, so that
they will not be erased or lost. To ensure integrity such a notebook must meet a few
minimum requirements: on the cover it must carry a unique serial number, the owner's
name, and the date of issue. The copy is issued by the QA officer or head of laboratory
who keeps a record of this (e.g. in his/her own Notebook). The user signs for receipt, the
QA officer or HoL for issue. The Notebook should be bound and the pages numbered
before issue (loose-leaf bindings are not GLP!). The first one or two pages can be used for
an index of contents (to be filled in as the book is used). Such Notebooks can made from
ordinary notebooks on sale (before issue, the page numbering should then be done by hand
or with a special stamp) or with the help of a word processor and then printed and bound in
a graphical workshop.
The instructions for the proper use of a laboratory notebook should be set down in a
protocol, an example is given as Model PROT 005. A model for the pages in a laboratory
notebook is given.
2.6 Gelatinization as encouragement
In the Preface it was stated that documentation should not be overdone(melebih-lebihkan)
and that for the implementation of all new Quality Management rules the philosophy of a
step-by-step approach should be adopted. It is emphasized that protocols and SOPs, as well
as the administration involved , should be kept as simple as possible, particularly in the
beginning. The Quality Management system must grow by trial and error, with increasing
experience, by group discussions and with changing perceptions. In the beginning,
attention will be focused on basic operational SOPs, later shifting to record keeping (as
more and more SOPs are issued) and filling gaps as practice reveals missing links in the
chain of Quality Assurance. Inevitably problems will turn up. One way to solve them is to
talk with people in other laboratories who have faced similar problems.
Do not forget that Quality Management is a tool rather than a goal. The goal is quality
performance of the laboratory.
SOPs
F 002 - Administration of Standard Operating Procedures

PROT 005 - The Use of Laboratory Notebooks
Model page of Laboratory Notebook
F 002 - Administration of Standard Operating Procedures

1. PURPOSE
To give unambiguous instruction for proper management and administration of Standard
Operating Procedures as they are used in the Regional Soil Survey Institute (RSSI).
2. PRINCIPLE
Standard Operating Procedures are an essential part of a quality system. For all jobs and
duties relevant operating procedures should be available at the work station. To guarantee
that the correct version of the instruction is used copying Standard Operating Procedures is
prohibited. Standard Operating Procedures are issued on paper with the heading printed in
green.
3. FIELD OF APPLICATION
Generally for use in the quality system of RSSI but more specifically this instruction is for
use in the Chemistry Department.
4. RELATED SOPs
- F 011 The preparation of SOPs for apparatus
- F 012 The preparation of SOPs for methods
- PROJ 001 The preparation of SOPs for special investigations
5. REQUIREMENTS
Database computer program, PerfectView or Cardbox
6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Administration
The administration of SOPs for the Chemistry Department can be done by the Head of
Laboratory.
6.2 Distribution of SOPs
When the Sop fulfils all the necessary requirements it is printed. The author hands over the
manuscript (or the floppy disk with text) to the SOP administrator who is responsible for
the printing. The number of copies is decided by him/her and the author. Make matrix of
distribution (see Guidelines for Quality Management Fig. 2-1).
The author (or his successor) signs all copies in the presence of the administrator before
distribution. As the new copies are distributed the old ones (if there was one) are taken in.
For each SOP a list of holders is made. The holder signs for receipt of a copy. The list is
kept with the spare copies.
Copying SOPs is forbidden. Extra copies can be obtained from the SOP administrator.
Users are responsible for proper keeping of the SOPs. If necessary, copies can be protected
by a cover or foil, and/or be kept in a loose-leaf binding.
7. ARCHIVING
Proper archiving is essential for good administration of SOPs. All operating instructions
should be kept up-to-date and be accesible to personnel. Good Laboratory Practice requires
that all documentation pertaining to a test or investigation should be kept for a certain
period. SOPs belong to this documentation.
8. REFERENCES
Mention here the used Standards and other references for this SOP.
PROT 005 - The Use of Laboratory Notebooks
LOGO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Page: 1 # 2
Model: F 002 Version: 1 Date: 95-11-28

Title: The Use of Laboratory Notebooks File:
1. PURPOSE
To give instruction for proper lay-out, use and administration of Laboratory Notebooks in
order to guarantee the integrity and retrievability of raw data (if no preprinted Work Sheets
are used), calculations and notes pertaining to the laboratory work.
2. PRINCIPLE
Laboratory Notebooks may either be issued to persons for personal use or to Study
Projects for common use by participating persons. They are used to write down
observations, remarks, calculations and other actions in connection with the work. They
may be used for raw data but bound preprinted Work Sheets are preferred for this.
3. REQUIREMENTS
Bound notebooks with about 100-150 consecutively numbered pages. Any binding which
cannot be opened is suitable; a spiral binding is very convenient.
Both ruled and squared paper can be used. On each page provisions for dating and signing
for entries, and signing for verification or inspection may be made.
4. PROCEDURE
5.1 Issue
Notebooks are issued by or on behalf of the Head of Laboratory who keeps a record of the
books in circulation (this record may have a format similar to a Laboratory Notebook or be
part of the HoL's own Notebook).
On the cover, the book is marked with an assigned (if not preprinted) serial number and the
name of the user (or of the project). On the inside of the cover the HoL writes the date of
issue and signs for issue. The user (or Project Leader) signs the circulation record for
receipt.
5.2 Use
All entries are dated and made in ink. The person who makes the entry signs per entry (in
project notebooks) or at least per page (in personal notebooks). The Head of Laboratory
(and/or Project Leader) may inspect or verify entries and pages and may sign for this on
the page(s) concerned.
If entries are corrected, this should be lined out with a single line so that it is possible to
see what has been corrected. Essential corrections should be initialed and dated and the
reason for correction stated. Pages may not be removed; if necessary, a whole page may be
deleted by a diagonal line.
Author: Sign.:
QA Officer (sign.): Date of Expiry:
5.3 Withdrawal
When fall, the Notebook is exchanged for a new one. The HoL is responsible for proper
archiving. A notebook belonging to a Study Project is withdrawn when the study is
completed.
When an employee leaves the laboratory for another post (s)he should hand in her/his
notebook to the HoL
6. ARCHIVING
The Head of Laboratory is custodian of the withdrawn Laboratory Notebooks. They must
remain accessible for inspection and audit trailing.
BAHAN AJAR 07
Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : ..............................

Kelas : XII/2
level Intermediate.
KOMPETENSI DASAR :3.7. Menulis Surat-surat bisnis dan
Laporan Sederhana
URAIAN MATERI
3.6. Menulis surat bisnis dan laporan sederhana
Writing Reports
Pendahuluan (5)/ latar belakang
Kata pengantar(2)
Tujuan (6)
Daftar pustaka (11)
Kesimpulan (8)
Pembahasan (7)
Penutup (9) Kritik dan saran (10)
Daftar isi (4)
Motto (3) / Halaman persembahan
Judul (1)
The format of a report is usually written in the following arrangement:
- title page (1)

-Preface/ Foreword (2)
-Table of contents (3)
-introduction/ background (4)
-Presentation/content (5)
-Conclusion (6)
-Bibliography/ (7)
-Appendix (8)
Explanations ;
Laporan adlah sebuah hasil kinerja dari pengamatan, penelusuran, analisis sehingga
mendapatkan bebagai informasi yang dapat dilporkan secara langsung.
Reports: Example Report
Terms of Reference
Margaret Anderson, Director of Personnel has requested this report on employee benefits
satisfaction. The report was to be submitted to her by 28 June.
Procedure
A representative selection of 15% of all employees were interviewed in the period between
April 1st and April 15th concerning:
1. Overall satisfaction with our current benefits package

2. Problems encountered when dealing with the personnel department
3. Suggestions for the improvement of communication policies
4. Problems encountered when dealing with our HMO
Findings
1. Employees were generally satisfied with the current benefits package.
2. Some problems were encountered when requesting vacation due to what is perceived as
long approval waiting periods.
3. Older employees repeatedly had problems with HMO prescription drugs procedures.
4. Employees between the ages of 22 and 30 report few problems with HMO.
5. Most employees complain about the lack of dental insurance in our benefits package.
6. The most common suggestion for improvement was for the ability to process benefits
requests online.
Conclusions
1. Older employees, those over 50, are having serious problems with our HMO's ability to
provide prescription drugs.
2. Our benefits request system needs to be revised as most complaints concerning in-house
processing.
3. Improvements need to take place in personnel department response time.
4. Information technology improvements should be considered as employees become more
technologically savvy.
Recommendations
1. Meet with HMO representatives to discuss the serious nature of complaints concerning
prescription drug benefits for older employees.
2. Give priority to vacation request response time as employees need faster approval in order
to be able to plan their vacations.
3. Take no special actions for the benefits package of younger employees.
4. Discuss the possibility of adding an online benefits requests system to our company
Intranet.
Important Points to Remember
A report is divided into four areas:

Terms of Reference- This section gives background information on the reason for the
report. It usually includes the person requesting the report.
Procedure- The procedure provides the exact steps taken and methods used for the report.
Findings- The findings point out discoveries made during the course of the report
investigation.
Conclusions- The conclusions provide logical conclusions based on the findings.
Recommendations- The recommendations state actions that the writer of the report feels
need to be taken based on the findings and conclusions.
Reports should be concise and factual. Opinions are given in the "conclusions"
section. However, these opinions should be based on facts presented in the "findings".
Use simple tenses (usually the present simple) to express facts.
Use the imperative form (Discuss the possibility ..., Give priority ..., etc.) in the
"recommendations" section as these apply to the company as a whole.
Overview of business report writing for Business Studies
Because it so closely mirrors the real commercial world, business actually has a language
of its own. The language of business is known either as the report format or as report style
writing. In this tutorial the two terms are used interchangeably.
In most cases your Business Studies teachers will prefer that you use report style writing
for your assignments instead of the more familiar "essay style" of writing that you have
become so accustomed to over the past ten years.
For example: The sentence below contains the same words but there is a
slight difference in presentation. The first sentence is written in report style
writing and the second sentence is written in standard essay style.
(Sentence one , written in report style writing)
The good news is that report style writing is:
easy to learn
easy to organize and
likely to help earn you higher marks in Business Studies.
(Sentence two, written in essay style writing)

The good news is that report style writing is easy to learn, easy to organize
and likely to earn you higher marks in Business Studies.
See the difference? There is of course more to report format writing than this.
Please read on.
Note: Other subjects may also use a form of report style writing. Check with your teachers
as you may run into slight variations from subject to subject.
Why use report style writing?
In the business world decision making is critical. Business people need access to
information that is:
concise and clearly presented

easy and quick to interpret and
useful to them in accurately assessing situations and making decisions.
Business managers dont want, nor do they have time, to wade through paragraphs or
pages of non essential information. In a growing number of businesses decision makers
refuse to deal with reports or proposals that are over specified lengths.
For example: More commonly now employment advertisements do not
include telephone business names or telephone numbers for applicants to
respond. Instead they specify that interested parties should send a one page
resume by email. Imagine the time saving for personnel managers.
Hence, the development of the business report, or in our case, business report style
writing for extended response questions and assignments.
An important point in favour of report style writing for your purposes is that, in most
cases, well organised reports are less time consuming to evaluate. Ask your teachers
which they prefer to mark, report style assignments or essays.
Looking beyond the classroom, there are some practical reasons for becoming acquainted
with the report medium.
The prestigious Wall Street Journal has suggested that 75 per cent of jobs created
between 1982 and 2010 require, or will require, report writing skills.
Baden Eunson, Australian author of "Writing and Presenting Reports" states that
"being able to write reports and being able to deliver oral presentations upon the
subject matter of those reports are skills that are much sought after".
Business example of report style writing: National

Australia Bank
A quick and practical way to see how the business report format is used by business
managers, is to get ahold of a public companys annual report. Virtually any report from
any public company will do. To illustrate we have selected excerpts from the 2001 annual
reports of the National Australia Bank and of Woolworths.
The banks full annual report is well over 100 pages detailing hundreds of items, from key
financial ratios to total remuneration paid to company directors. To read and become
familiar with all the pages would be a fascinating, although time consuming task, critical
for the professional analyst, but overwhelming for the average stakeholder.
The graphs below are adapted from information contained in the 2001 Annual Report of
the National Australia Bank.
National Australia
Bank Group financial
highlights
Net profit decreased for the

first time in more than ten
years due to an abnormal loss
incurred in an overseas
operation. Net profit is
expected to rise above 2000
levels in the next financial
year.
Dividends
Dividends paid to
shareholders rose by a
significant 9.7 per cent, the
tenth consecutive year that
dividends have increased.
Dividends continue to be fully
franked.
Assets
In the past five years

shareholders equity has
nearly doubled. The National
Australia Bank remains the
largest of all Australian
banks.
Finally, the banks Group Financial Highlights page includes a Wealth Index, a time line
graph illustrating how shareholders have fared over the past ten years. This powerful
statement placed right beside the graph reinforces what is illustrated by the chart, another
feature of report style writing.
This single Group Financial Highlight report format page is excellent. It reports to the
reader all the banks major financial data for the year in summary form on a single page.
The same page features several graphs that further explain that data, perfect for the
reader who needs key points, not details.
Several pages later all of the key points are expanded in greater detail, for the serious
reader who wants to know more. This same technique is just what you need to do for best
results in Business Studies.
Report writing tip: After you have obtained several annual reports, invest an
hour or two to study their style, then adapt those same techniques to your
own presentations. You should not go too far wrong following the experts. Be
sure to get your teachers opinion of your work.
Business example of report style writing: Woolworths
The 2001 Woolworths' Annual Report is also an impressive document although it is less
than half the physical size of its counterpart from the National Australia Bank.
The Woolworths' report is extremely reader-friendly, almost fun to read. It too is filled with
factual information, but is nicely broken up with readable charts, graphs and colour photos
of some of Woolworths' 140 000 staff members at work. As with all annual reports, the
financial statements and detailed notes to the financial statements are found in the final
part of the report.
The Woolworths' document begins with a report-style presentation titled About Us. Part of
the text is reproduced here.
Imagine how much brighter and more impressive this page actually looks with colour
photos beside each major point.
About Us
Our company
Woolworths Limited is an Australian retail company made up of a number of

businesses all providing our customers with quality, range, value and
everyday low prices.
Location
We operate more than 1 400 stores in Australia, plus an additional 33 Dick
Smith Electronic stores in New Zealand.
Shareholders
Woolworths Limited has over 285 000 shareholders, plus around 45 000
employee shareholders which make us one of the largest employee ownership
corporations in Australia.
People
Woolworths employs around 140 000 people. Some 50 000 of our

employees are in rural and regional areas.
We train more apprentices than any other company in Australia.
Report writing strategies that you can use

When you are writing a good report style response you will find that you are placing less
emphasis on traditional formal essay techniques. Reports, in contrast, feature carefully
constructed introductions, detailed bodies and logical conclusions.
Components of business reports
short preview or overview statements

shorter than "traditional essay paragraphs" that "get right to the point"
lists of main points, as in the previous sample reports, followed by
expanded descriptions where appropriate
headings to draw attention to major points or new sections
selective underlining or highlighting where emphasis is required
inclusions where possible of graphs, tables and diagrams
expression and justification of your own point of view and
strong but condensed conclusions with recommendations for action
where called for.
One disadvantage of report style writing can be that some students tend to write only an
outline. Avoid that trap. So, instead of being a concise "report", the presentation becomes
nothing more than a series of short points lacking depth, explanation and substantial
conclusions or recommendations for action.
For example: Read this hypothetical student response below to an extended
response question about why so many small businesses fail.
Studies have shown that two thirds of new small business ventures are not in
business more than five years. The principal reasons for small business failure
in Australia include:
lack of management skills and experience

inadequate, inaccurate, non existent books and records
excessive private drawings
under-capitalisation
inventory problems (dead stock)
bad credit policies and slow collections
inability to read and interpret financial statements
inadequate sales.
Such a response shows that the writer has a good working knowledge of the question. It is
factually correct. However, it is completely lacking in illustrative examples or supporting
statements. As it is, there is no attempt to justify or explain any of the points. So, it falls
far below its potential.
Adding polish to your writing
An editor perfects the written word by following certain guidelines. Follow the same rules
to add polish to your own reports.
Reread your report. Have you:
cut out unnecessary words and lengthy phrases

been specific - "net profit increased by 15 per cent to $40 000"
repeated sentences and main points
avoided lengthy introductions and "padded out" conclusions
put just one main idea in each paragraph.
Student exercises in report writing
Write about an A4 page (around 250 words) on either or both of the following. Incorporate
a few report format techniques, then seek an opinion from your teacher.
Report on a successful business you have dealt with in your community.

From what you know about the business, discuss what factors you think
may have contributed to the success of the business over the years.
Describe how you would explain the term "business" to another senior
non Business Studies student who has asked you "What is business?"
Concluding remarks
Most business problems may be successfully approached in more than one way. Likewise,
there is no single or "only way" to present a report or to respond to an examination
question or an assignment.
While practicing, remember:
not to become obsessed with the report format. Some questions and
parts of many assignments may still be better answered in traditional
essay type format.
that reports need to address the question directly
to avoid elaborate introductions and rambling content.
Pengertian, Structure, Ciri-ciri Procedure Text dan Contohnya

A. Pengertian Procedure Text
Sebelum menjelaskan tentang generic structure, ciri-ciri procedure text dan contohnya,
saya akan memulai penjelasan ini mendefinisikan pengertian procedure text baik dalam
bahasa Inggris maupun dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a
sequence of actions or steps.
Jadi yang dimaksud dengan procedure text adalah sebuah genre of text yang berfungsi
untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan atau dicapai melalui urutan tindakan
atau langkah yang benar.
B. Tujuan Procedure Text
Tujuan komunikatif dari procedure text adalah bagaimana seorang penulis mampu
memahamkan pembaca tentang cara melakukan, menyelesaikan atau mencapai sesuatu
dengan cara yang runtut dan benar atau prosedural. Sebenarnya dilihat dari istilahnya, kita
tentu sudah bisa memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan procedure text. Jadi mungkin ini
adalah salah satu genre of text yang tanpa dijelaskan sebelumnya tapi kita sudah dapat
meraba apa maksud tujuan teks ini.
C. Generic Structure Procedure Text
1. The Goal of Activity

Pada bagian ini, penulis mencoba menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai
melalui serangkaian langkah yang akan dijelaskan pada paragraf berikutnya sehingga
pembaca tidak salah paham tentang apa yang sedang dibicarakan.
2. Any Material Needed for Procedure
Setelah pembaca mengetahui sesuatu apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai, kemudian
penulis memaparkan materi atau bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan atau dibutuhkan
agar sesuatu tersebut dapat dicapai dengan baik. Jadi pastikan semua bahan atau materi
sudah lengkap sebelum mulai membuatnya.
3. Steps to Achieve the goal
Jika bahan-bahan atau materi yang dibutuhkan sudah lengkap, barulah penulis
memberitahukan langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan secara runtut atau urut. Jadi
pada bagian ini penulis harus menjelaskannya secara urut dan tidak boleh loncat-loncat.
4. Conclusion
Kesimpulan yang berisi tentang hasil akhir dari apa yang telah dikerjakan sesuai dengan
langkah-langkah yang telah ditentukan.
D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Procedure Text
1. Fokus pada agen manusia umum.

2. Penggunaan present tense.
3. sering Imperatif/bentuk perintah, seperti: buatlah (make), gunakanlah (use) dsb.
4. Penggunaan conjuctions temporal (atau penomeran untuk menunjukkan urutan).
Contoh: then, after that, before, after, while, dan lain sebagainya.
E. Contoh Procedure Text
Contoh 1: How to Make a Milkshake
A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced
milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate sauce, or
fruit syrup. If you want to make a delicious milkshake by your selves, then this is the way
how to make it.
The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:
4 cups vanilla ice cream

2 cups milk
4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries
Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.
1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to
give you time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the
ice cream out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the
blender. Blend on high for one minute. Dont leave in the blender for longer or the shake
will melt quickly.
4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending
is complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but
somehow the straw adds to the flavor and the experience.
If you do not have a blender, you may substitute with a mixer, but be careful as it could be
messy. And if you do not have anything else to mix, just use a spoon, but let the ice cream
thaw first to make the milkshake easier to mix. Enjoy your milkshake.
Penjelasan:
1. Paragraf pertama: the Goal. Penulis berusaha menjelaskan apa itu milkshake dan
mengapa ia menulis tulisan ini, yaitu ingin memberitahu pembaca bagaimana cara
membuat milkshake.
2. Paragraf kedua: the Materials Needed. Berisi bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan dan
dibutuhkan untuk membuat milkshake.
3. Paragraf ketiga: Steps, yang berisi langkah-langkah yang dishare oleh penulis untuk
membuat milkshake dari langkah pertama hingga menjadi milkshake.
4. Paragraf keempat: Conclusion. Jadi kesimpulannya, karena namanya shake (dikocok)
maka pembuatan milkshake harus menggunakan alat bantu seperti blender, jika tidak
punya, penulis menganjurkan menggunakan mixer, bahkan jika tidak punya sama sekali,
maka bisa menggunakan spon.

Modul Bahasa Inggris - Kelas XII

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Modul Bahasa Inggris - Kelas XII

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

BAHAN AJAR 01

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK N 5 KENDAL

b. Adding suffixes ion,- tion

c. Adding suffixes ation, - cation, -ition

d. Adding suffixes ance, - ence ,- ce

Complain : mengeluh Complaint : keluhan

f. Adding a suffix sion

Permit : mengijinkan Permission : ijin

g. Adding a suffix - URE

i. Adding a suffix ESS

k. Change of selves and sound

l. The unchanged of words

b. Adding a suffix ous

Danger dangerous bahaya berbahaya

Adjective meaning Abstract Noun Meaning

2. Abstract Noun derivatives from Common Noun / kata benda biasa

4. Adding suffix ing in the all of verb to Noun/ Gerund

b. By adding suffix ze- or ize- to Noun

TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES

The Simple Present Tense

Advertisement, Announcement and Invitation

is a notice to the public or a group that contains an event or important information.

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK NEGERI 5 KENDAL

E. Complaining about Something

I have lived in Yogya for a years

I have been in Yogya for a years

I Still Live in Yogya

Choose the best answer

Eg. : I was walking home when it began to rain.

Choose the best answer

Some examples in these boxes below:

Subjunctive Past perfect Subjunctive simple Past Tense

I wish I were here today

I HAD A WING. I FLEW ON THE SKY

Write down what the following sentences imply

Complete each sentence with as wish

Answer the questions:

THE PATTERNS (RUMUS)

Meaning of the Verb Form in Verb form in the

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : ....................................................................

The Phrases/sentences above are usually follow by

Read and understand tips for delivering a speech

- Be sure about what you are going to say

-Look at your audiences, be enthusiastic (bersemangat), be friendly

GLOSSARY (daftar kata)

Summarizing and concluding

How do I clarify my aim?

Technical Design Report

solve a problem or;

An abstract is a succinct passage which provides a brief outline on what was

The 7 of steps in making a report bellows:

This document compares a range of instrumentation of varying cost [1] Purpose

Remember, keep it simple!

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK NEGERI 5 KENDAL

Symptom Cause Solution

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : ................................................................

Memahami surat-surat bisnis sederhana

Memahami surat-surat bisnis sederhana

1. Personal (private) latter

There are many kinds of business letters such as:

3.Claim and adjustment letters:

5.Apology letter and Congratulation letter

14th January 2008

Satuan Tingkat PendIdikan : SMK NEGERI 5 KENDAL