8/22/2017 Global sea level changes and sedimentological characterization of Cretaceous carbonate deposits in Gulf of Venezuela, Southamerica.

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Presented in 30th IAS Meeting (Manchester)

Global sea level changes and

sedimentological characterization of
Cretaceous carbonate deposits in Gulf of
Venezuela, Southamerica.
Diterbitkan pada 21 Oktober 2015

Disnahir Pinto Ikuti

192 7 20
Sedimentologist / Senior Geologist with 6 years as Carbonate

Authors: Pinto, Disnahir; Moreno, Neida; Padrn, Victor

The aim of this research is to propose sedimentologic model, characterize the

diagenetic processes and define sea level changes of the carbonate succession
deposited during the Cretaceous, based in the detailed core analysis of the wells in
the surrounding areas at Gulf of Venezuela in Ro Negro Formation, Cogollo
Group and La Luna Formation.

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We determined 14 microfacies associated with various sub-environments, based on

skeletal particles of benthic and planctic invertebrate micro and macrofauna, as well
as no skeletal carbonatic particles.

Cogollo Gp. is made up of sediments from inner to outer carbonatic ramp and
includes: 1) Muddy/Grain supported limestones, 2) Dolomites and 3) Siliciclastic.
The first, lithotype is along the whole column while; the second, is restricted to the
base of the Apn Fm.: and the third, to the Ro Negro Fm. and the Lisure-Maraca
Fm., which couldnt be differentiated because they share compositional
characteristic elements of both units: glauconite, siliciclastics and bivalve
fragments.

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8/22/2017 Global sea level changes and sedimentological characterization of Cretaceous carbonate deposits in Gulf of Venezuela, Southamerica. | Disnah

From diagenetic point of view, Cogollo Groups carbonates show physical and
chemical processes: micritization, dissolution, cementation, mechanical and
chemical compaction, neomorphism, dolomitization, replacement and fractures.

N-S LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION: SK1 SEQUENCE

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W-E LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION: SK1 SEQUENCE

For Cretaceous age in Gulf of Venezuela a sedimentological model of Homoclinal

Carbonatic Ramp with Gentle Slope was defined.

Two main transgressive events were established:

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Machiques Mb. outer distal ramp: MFS1 and La Luna Formation, where the
planctonics progress, indicating a deepening in anoxic environment of middle neritic-
upper bathial paleobathymetry: MFS2.

MFS were confirmed from the 13C isotopic analysis, which shows from the top to
the base:

1) Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, assigned to the OAE2, which correspond to the La

Luna Fm., who calibrate and has good match with the biostratigraphic analysis of
planctics foraminifera.

2) Anoxic Event called OAE1c (Machiques Event).

Additionally, in the lower part of the isotopic curve occur two positive excursions:
OAE1b which indicates the Aptian-Albian limit and, the Early Aptian associated to the
anoxic event OAE1a.

ISOTOPES ANALYSIS : 13C and 18O at WELL-1

GLOBAL CORRELATION OF 13C ISOTOPS with the WELL-1

This proves the relationship and evidence of the Tethys Sea in the Caribbean.

Global sea level changes and sedimentological characterization of Cretaceous

carbonate deposits in Gulf of Venezuela

Pinto, D., Moreno N., Padrn V.

Abstract

This paper is based on 2062 feet (628 mt.) of sedimentological analysis of carbonate
succession from the Cogollo Group (Apon, Lisure, Maraca formations, from bottom to
top) and the lower part of La Luna Formation in 3 wells located in Western Venezuela,
also 843 thin sections of 6 wells belonging to the same area.

Petrographic study has permitted determine 14 microfacies associated with different

sub-environments, based on skeletal particles content of benthic and planktic micro and
macro invertebrates, as well as non-skeletal carbonatic particles. Abundant and diverse
benthic foraminifera fauna was found including genera as: Vercorsella, Novalesia,
Haplophragmoides, Nezzazata, Praechrysalidina, Choffatella and Orbitolina
belonging to the Tib Member of Apn Formation.

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Cogollo Group is made up of sediments from inner to outer carbonatic ramp and
includes: 1) Muddy/Grain supported limestones, with variable amount of skeletal and
non-skeletal components, 2) Dolomites, and 3) Siliciclastics rocks, been the first one,
the most abundant lithotype along the whole column, while the second one, is restricted
to the base of the Apn Formation and the last one, to the Ro Negro and Lisure-Maraca
formations; is important emphasize than Lisure-Maraca Formation could not be
differentiated because they share compositional characteristic elements of both units:
glauconite, siliciclastics and bivalve fragments.

From diagenetic point of view, Cogollo Groups carbonate shows organic,

mechanical and chemical processes. For the Well-1, the early stage (Eogenesis) is
characterized by organic processes as micritization and boring of sketetal debris.
Mechanical processes are evidenciated by the deformation of skeletal fragment as well
as grain interpenetration, fractures and porosity reduction. The chemical process are
represented by aragonite and calcite inversion and fibrous aragonite and syntaxial
cements. The latest stage (Mesogenesis), is represented mostly by pressure-solution
processes: dissolution seams, microstylolites and stylolites as well as late syntaxial
cements (solution corona). The dolomization of the lower part of the column (Tibu
Member in Apon Formation) is a secondary process.

Two main transgressive events were identified: 1) During the sea level rise, Rio Negro
Formation was deposited in a tidal flat setting, following inner ramp succession that
characterize the aggradational sedimentation of keep up facies in the Tibu Member, and
finishing with the outer distal ramp deposits of Machiques Member (MFS1). 2) Piche
Member sequence, characteristic of middle-inner ramp environments, following by
shallow marine deposits of Lisure-Maraca Formation, partially restricted and with tidal
currents influence. This sedimentation ends up with the transitional change to La Luna
Formation, where the presence of pelecypods decrease and the planktonic foraminifera

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Disnahir Pinto
Sedimentologist / Senior Geologist with 6 years as Carbonate Sedimentologist and 8 as O& Ikuti
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Patrick O'Leary 1{0} minggu

Founder at Futura Solar, LLC
Paul, you know about 'quadrantal flooding and drainage' don't you ? A consequence of geodesic
adjustments to disturbances of the planets orbit and rotation.....
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Suka Balas

Paul Comet 1{0} minggu

Senior Inorganic Geochemist
identical to Gulf of Mexico & all nearly all Tethys!
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Carbonate ramps associated to palaeo- Oil price war? or Oil share market war? Oil prices has collapsed again..
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