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Water & Power
Table of Contents
5 - Help youself and row to the shore: 24 - Global Food Crisis: A Bowl of Opportunities
SCCI’s vision for new generation for Muslim World
6 - Editorial 27 - Why Should I get Education?
The Presidency and Bureaucratic system 28 - Survival Tips for Managing
11 - Role of Chambers of Commerce in Effect During an Economic Downturn
ing Change 30 - Pakistan Timeline
An organizational reform proposal for FPCCI based on Chambers 34 - How India backed-out from
Power Model
its preemptive Media & War
14 - Energy Profile of Pakistan Campaign against Pakistan”
20 - Pakistan’s energy crisis: short An Idiot’s Guide to Campaigns
and long-term solutions 38 - News & Views
Courtesy
database
associations
information
public
trade
Growth
economy
public
Stop Ignoring
Sheikhupura
Heritage? Agriculture?
Mughal Steel (Pvt.) Ltd.
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
* Macroeconomic and
Way to Success structural policies - for-
mulating the overall policy
framework for growth for
poverty reduction;
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Editor’s Desk
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Editor’s Desk
crat has the subjectivity of “social prob- the nation’s campaign finance laws can to hear, or what his advisors expect him
lems.” In a free market, if the money isn’t operate in full accordance with the to want to hear. The unvarnished truth
coming in through sales, the business Constitution. is the casualty. And how do we know
will have to close. But the more that that senior bureaucrats and advisors
coercion infects a society through taxa- The libertarian answer to all of these is even know the truth themselves, but rely
tion, price control, and prohibition, the pretty clear: get the federal government instead on what the lower-levels report
less freedom producers and consumers out of the way. But since few people to them?
©RAD Federation
can set prices, and the more bureaucrats are libertarian, and no President ever is, Even the most honest, principled and
have the leeway to cook the statistics to all of these issues become irreducibly well-meaning of men would be consid-
bend to whatever they or their politi- complex. That means, when the princi- ered a corrupt failure as President.
cally-appointed superiors see fit. ple of freedom is rejected out of hand,
discerning the best of the remaining The President is always too susceptible
For some people in government, no indi- options requires supernatural, God-like to bad advice, and no human being is
vidual will ever be fit enough, no country intelligence. capable of always knowing when to get
will ever be democratic enough, the good advice. Even a “good” man who
environment will never be clean enough, The President can’t possibly know or is President will mislead the Pakistani
the teachers will never be paid enough. anticipate the effects of all of his execu- people on numerous occasions, even if
Public policy can bend to their demands, tive orders and bill signings. He has to he isn’t aware of it.
no matter how inaccurate or wasteful rely on advisors – not being a libertarian,
they may be. there’s no other realistic choice. To make The political and bureaucratic structure
the “right decision” on matters he barely of the office of the Presidency is too
Through the maze of political appoint- knows anything about, he must trust his complicated for one person to manage
ments and specialized, self-interested appointed underlings, political advisors, or control. The job as modern Pakistan
bureaucracy, how can a President be and the professional bureaucrats. has created it, is literally too big for one
trusted? In other words, the President is man. And the only solution to that is to
forced to be responsible for so much, an Why can’t the President be trusted? substantially shift the focus from cutting
expert of everything from stem cells to Because the margin of error for anything cost to efficiency in bureaucratic system.
the international trade to the religious he does is too great. The President re-
Manzoor Malik
and ethnic divisions of Pakistan to how ceives either what his advisors want him
Editor in-Chief
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i ndustrial
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
OPTION
Introduction to Industrial Option
Industrial Option Newsletter covers all lutions for many of the party’s needs. Real around 25-30% well.
aspects of business, from Pakistan and in- moment market allows buyers to go fast
ternational market news and analysis of resolution; two main indicators of party Reduced elevated costs: Thanks to
economic trends to articles on the peo- productivity are Increased Revenue and sleek supply string elevated costs can be
ple and technologies that influence how Cost Saving. Products offered on a mar- reduced upward to 30 percentages.
we do business every day. It is written ket are integrated with the www.indus-
expressly for top business decision-mak- trialoption.com. B2B exchanges: The landscape is lit-
ers and opinion leaders who need an tered with hundreds of B2B exchanges
international outlook in an increasingly There are new benefits that party can ob- that have failed, demonstrating that suc-
global marketplace. Each month issue tain from participating in industrialoption. cess is far from automated. But many are
explores the links between domestic Of- com market as easily. yet operating. They have learned how to
fers reporting, commentary, and analysis go reward of the opportunities and avert
on world politics, finance, and business For purchaser participants a B2B market the drawbacks of this energetic original
trends. Also covers science and technol- offers as mentioned below: merchandising line. The sales string inte-
ogy, literature and the arts. When people grated into a Business to Business market
get serious about business they read In- Time savings: Provides for faster ac- covers every phase of selling procedure
dustrial Option. ceptance, ordering processes and saving including quote, dialogue, billing and con-
tracking. signment tracking.
IndustrialOption.com an online
businesses to business portal Access to original suppliers: B2B www.industrialoption.com is an innova-
market involvement removes geographic tive and comprehensive online business-
IndustrialOption.com is a huge commu- fences and provides approach to original to-business (B2B) portal, which provides
nity of buyers, sellers and industrialists. suppliers. a professional platform for the Pakistani
exporters, producers, suppliers and oth-
For the job to job marketplace, brand can Increased sales: With approach to a ers who are involved into import-export
be merely defined as the lot of images, wider marketplace, suppliers have the po- trade. Since inception in 2008, Indus-
image and feelings that are evoked in the tentiality to increase revenue. trialOption emerged as an international
psyche of your customers and prospects plateau for thousands of consultants,
at the reference of your figure. Reduced sales and backing costs By au- importers-exporters, agencies and firms
tomating sales and client backing proc- to transact business globally without any
IndustrialOption.com is one-stop job so- esses companies can cut over chief costs intermediaries.
The views expressed in articles are those of Authors only and do not represent the views of Industrial Option or its affiliates. Authors are solely
responsible for the contents of their articles and are not employees or otherwise affiliated with Industrial Option in their role as authors.
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
A Tribute
To Mohtarma
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
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Industrial Option January 2009
January | industrialoption.com
2009 | industrialoption.com
Featured
Role of Chambers of Commerce in Effecting Change
An organizational reform proposal for FPCCI based on Chambers Power Model
©RAD Federation
Business associations and chambers of in countries across the globe because develop solutions, advocate for change,
commerce have a unique and impor- bad governance and widespread cor- and monitor implementation. Through
tant role to play in building democratic ruption reduce competitiveness, divert such a process of private sector advo-
systems. They are the voice of business, investments, limit productive potential of cacy, chambers of commerce not only
advocating business needs and concerns companies, and impose additional costs improve economic regulations, they also
and solutions to problems to the gov- of doing business. While it is diffcult for strengthen participatory democratic in-
ernment, community leaders, the media, individual companies to systematically stitutions. Highlighting this link between
and the general public. No one knows address these problems, which stem democratic and economic development
better what is good for business than from weak institutional environments, is crucial in that it is impossible to build
a business person, and then business chambers can be more effective in mo- a functioning market economy in an
people together can be more effective in bilizing the resources and knowledge to environment where business is barred
effecting change than one alone. This is effect change. from participation in policy design and
the foundation upon which chambers of implementation.
commerce are built. Chambers of commerce and other types
of professional business associations play Many countries increasingly recognize
Chambers of commerce are uniquely po- a pivotal role in building a foundation for the role that the private sector plays in
sitioned to address some of the pressing sustainable economic development. That fulfilling national ambitions of sustained
needs of business communities. Issues of role stems from their ability to unite economic growth. During the past sev-
corruption and corporate governance the business community around a set of eral decades, private capital flows have
remain at the top of the business agenda common issues, identify key problems, replaced government to government
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Featured
assistance as a major source of capital crony or relationship market economies, Role of Special Member-
in emerging and developing markets, where only a few insider fi rms have
and today it can be safely said that the unchecked access to policymakers and ship Organizations in
development models that rely on states enjoy favorable rules and treatment, have FPCCI is to provide cham-
as the sole providers of income, jobs, also failed to bring sustained economic bers Standard Operating
and investment are no longer valid. benefits to markets and countries, as evi-
Instead, countries increasingly turn to denced by a string of financial crises that Procedures (SOPs) for
the business community as the engine of have exposed the dangers of relationship
sustained economic growth and pros- capitalism in the late 1990s. However, Following:
perity. Even many of the closed nations among the failures of some countries
recognize these trends and seek ways to and economic success of others, one Internal capacity building
attract private capital. The question no model has proven to be the most effec- – Before chambers attempt to fulfil their
longer asks who will shape and define tive in generating economic growth: the role, they have to build internal capacity
economic growth, but rather: how can model of a participatory economic sys- in consultation with special membership
one unleash the potential of the private tem. In this model, business participates organizations. The first step of this proc-
sector, integrate it into development in the creation and implementation of ess for the chambers is to understand
models, and capitalize on its resources? economic policies and does not simply their mission and objectives.
The answers to this question lie within react to regulations produced behind
the private sector-based theory of eco- closed doors or behave as a puppet in Further, in order to address the needs of
nomic growth. the hands of government offcials. their members and advocate effectively
on their behalf and contribute to an
This theory has brought to the fore- Building Effective Cham- overall policy process in their countries,
front many issues that have redefined chambers have to be functional organiza-
the way governments, business, and civil bers based on Power tions, which means that they must have
society approach development. But the Chambers Model knowledgeable staff, implement good
most important contribution, perhaps, governance mechanisms, commit to
has been the emphasis placed on the Although the section above illustrates transparent financial practices, and cre-
framework of government and business the role of chambers within the national ate a strategic plan with key priorities to
relationships. and global economic framework and in address.
democratic decision-making, there is an-
Emphasizing private sector advocacy, other aspect of chambers’ role that we Access to information – In
private sector economic development must consider. In addition to being the order to be effective, chambers have to
models have shown that a grassroots ap- drivers of economic change and instru- become a source of information for their
proach to reform must be implemented ments of democratic process, chambers members, policymakers, and the rest of
before ambitions of sustained economic also need to fulfill their organizational the society in consultation with special
growth are realized. In the same way, role by serving the interests of their membership organizations.
this economic theory is also giving rise members in an effective manner.
to the concept of business leadership Entrenched interests benefit from tight
– the ability of the business community Mistakenly, many view these challenges as control over information, yet markets
not only to work with government to two separate issues, but the two are part cannot function and regulations cannot
address various development concerns of the same equation. They both focus effectively address the real needs of the
but also to lead the reform initiatives. on creating effective chambers of com- business community when economic
merce that build a better environment information is unavailable or distorted.
The business-government relationship for doing business – an environment
model has evolved dramatically over the where business (chamber members) is Chambers often have a unique oppor-
past several decades, as many countries not overburdened by opaque regula- tunity to become sources of economic
have struggled to define their own tions; where it has access to policymak- information because they frequently
founding blocks of a prosperous market ers; where there are opportunities to have direct access to it through their
economy. Command-style economies, grow, engage in productive activities, members – businesspeople – who keep
where business simply responds to gov- and attract investment; and where it can markets running day-to-day and expe-
ernment reform initiatives and is barred effectively voice its concerns and offers rience firsthand the ineffciencies and
from participating in policymaking, have suggestions. disorganization of the system.
proven to be ineffective in creating a
viable private sector that can endure fair
competition or participate in the global Communication strategy
economy. This has been demonstrated – Chambers must have a good communi-
by the fall of the Soviet Union and the cations strategy based on SOPs provided
state of disarray that rules the remain- by special membership organizations if
ing command-style economies. Similarly, they want to attract members, effect
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Industrial Option January
January 2009
2009 | industrialoption.com
| industrialoption.com
Featured
economic change, and improve demo- control. which gives those entrepreneurs access
cratic process because there is little to policymakers and helps design and
benefit in doing work if nobody knows Moreover, it is not just the business implement regulations that allow them
about it. A communications strategy communities that seek foreign invest- to become a part of the formal economy.
includes not only the development of ment as a source of capital for de-
communication tools such as newslet- velopment and growth; policymakers Build private-public part-
ters, publications, websites, and policy too increasingly voice their interest in
briefs but also identification of the key attracting foreign investment. Chambers nerships in consultation
target audience for each of those tools. of commerce are the nexus of this proc- with special membership
ess, being in a position to bring together
Chambers of commerce, as the voice policymakers and firms and help them organizations – From an overall
of business, draw their strength and build a proper environment for attract- policy perspective, chambers help build
effectiveness from the fact that ten ing investment. As investors are inter- private-public partnerships to address
businesspeople are more effective than ested in the stability and predictability a set of common economic and social
one. Similarly, in addressing certain is- of their investments, not just returns on issues. By doing so, chambers not only
sues, such as building a political will to capital, chambers can help build busi- help develop private solutions to public
create avenues for business participa- ness environments that ensure just that problems, they also strengthen the
tion in democratic decision-making, – stability and predictability. democratic process by working together
coalitions of several chambers can be with government offcials, not simply
more effective than one chamber. More Reduce the size of the responding to their instructions.
importantly, such coalitions have success-
fully been built across different compet- informal sector in consul-
Implementation in con-
ing economic sectors to address a set of tation with special mem-
common issues. sultation with special
bership organizations
– Informality is one of the key problems membership organizations
Building an effective chamber of com- – Chambers should make sure that the
merce is as much about process as it is for the business community and govern-
ments in many countries because it is business community actually implements
about achieving results. Even the best corporate governance guidelines. Here
chambers in the world continue to not uncommon for the size of the infor-
mal sector to exceed 50% of the GDP. again a voluntary approach can be suc-
improve to become even better at what cessful. Initiatives such as certifi cation
they do. Tools to build better chambers For firms locked out of the formal eco-
nomic system the costs are numerous programs and corporate governance
as member-based organizations should awards can raise the profile of the best
not be viewed as an end result, but – they do not have access to many of the
available sources of capital, they do not firms and create industry leaders that
rather as a stepping stone for further others will follow.
success. Competition and innovation lie have the protection of the legal system,
not only at the heart of markets, but also they are an easy target for government
offcials and inspectors to extort bribes, Lead by example – Chambers them-
at the core of chamber development. selves should have good governance
and they cannot effectively enforce
contracts and thus are forced to operate rules in place in consultation with special
Promote foreign direct in small “social network” type markets. membership organizations. Members
will welcome good governance rules
investment (FDI) – Government However, despite the costs of operat-
within chambers because they have the
assistance no longer constitutes the larg- ing in the informal sector, it is often less
costly than complying with numerous same desire as investors: they want to be
est share of capital flows to developing sure that their investments – member-
countries private capital flows do. But regulations imposed on business – there
are no incentives for entrepreneurs to ship dues and other resources – are not
as the competition for FDI is intensify- wasted. Similarly, chambers can deny
ing across different regions of the world, try and join the formal economy.
membership to firms with bad govern-
the business community finds itself ance practices because bad members
confronted with the fact that simply Yet, economic costs are not the only
burden informal entrepreneurs face. can ultimately create a negative image
desiring foreign capital and welcoming it for the chamber and other members’
is not nearly enough. To attract invest- Locked out of the formal economic
system, they also have no avenues for companies.
ment business communities must create
a strong institutional environment in participation in democratic policy design
because there is often a large informa- RAD Federation Contributed to this
consultation with special membership Article.
organizations where financial practices tion gap between policymakers and
are transparent, corporate governance informal entrepreneurs. One of the
mechanisms are in place, property rights recent trends in the chamber movement
are protected, business regulations are in developing countries is represent-
clear and fair, and corruption is under ing the interests of the informal sector,
Premier Chemicals
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the Energy Information Administration. Topic editors and
authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. The use of information from the Energy Information Administration
should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original
content. Ms. Sabahat Ali (Corporate Law Student, USA)
Pakistan’s economy has recovered from country in 2005. use, amounting to about 50 percent
years of sluggishness, caused primarily of total energy consumption. Pakistan
to droughts, with growth experienced The devastating earthquake that stuck currently consumes all of its domestic
in the agriculture, industry and service Pakistan in October 2005 destroyed lives natural gas production, but without
sectors. In fiscal year (FY) 2004/2005 and caused considerable damage to the higher production Pakistan will need to
(ending in June), Pakistan achieved gross country’s infrastructure. However, the become a natural gas importer. As a re-
domestic product (GDP) growth of 8.4 majority of the damage occurred in rural sult, Pakistan is exploring several pipeline
percent and in 2005/2006 the country areas of the country and had minimal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) import
had GDP growth of 6.6 percent. High impact on the economy. Furthermore, options to meet the expected growth in
inflation (9.1 percent) in 2004/2005 was international aid inflows in the aftermath natural gas demand. Pakistan’s electric-
attributed to escalating oil prices, higher of the earthquake have served to bolster ity demand is rising rapidly. According to
housing rents and food item shortages. Pakistan’s economy. The United States Pakistani government estimates, generat-
In an effort to decrease inflation, the pledged $510 million for rebuilding Pa- ing capacity needs to grow by 50 percent
central bank of Pakistan announced that kistani infrastructure, but relief coordi- by 2010 in order to meet expected
it would raise interest rates. The strategy nators estimate that Pakistan will need demand.
worked, with inflation decreasing to 7.6 billions of dollars and up to ten years to
percent by the end of FY 2005/2006. fully rebuild. Pakistan and India decided
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), to extend aid to one another after the
and the World Bank, both major donor earthquake. They also agreed to continue
organizations to Pakistan, have acknowl- confidence building measures, which
edged the favorable performance and include the notification of missile testing,
progress in Pakistan’s structural reforms, creating new bank branches and increas-
but have stressed even greater reform ing the number of airline destinations in
in the public institutions and the public both countries.
energy sector where progress has been
slow. In 2004, the IMF approved a fresh Energy Overview
loan of nearly $250 million as part of its
overall $1.5 billion aid package to Paki- In recent years, the combination of rising
stan. In 2005, the United States began oil consumption and flat oil production
the first installments of a $3 billion aid in Pakistan has led to rising oil imports Oil
package, which will continue through from Middle East exporters. In addi-
2010. In 2006, the World Bank approved tion, the lack of refining capacity leaves According to Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ),
loans of $185 million for various reform Pakistan heavily dependent on petroleum Pakistan had proven oil reserves of 300
and infrastructure projects, in addition product imports. Natural gas accounts million barrels as of January 2006. The
to the nearly $850 million loaned to the for the largest share of Pakistan’s energy majority of produced oil comes from
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Licensing Rounds
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
The 30,000-bbl/d refinery is supplied producer (17 percent of total country’s Iran’s massive natural gas reserves to
with shipments of crude oil from Qatar. production) in Pakistan. Additional for- Indian markets across Pakistani terri-
The plant allowed Pakistan to become eign operators include BP, Eni, and BHP tory. In August 2006, Iran and Pakistan
a supplier of naphtha, which constitutes Billiton. The Pakistani government has extended a previously signed (April
20 percent of the output. The plant enacted numerous policies to encourage 2005) memorandum of understand-
produces about 10,000 bbl/d of fuel oil, private sector leadership of natural gas ing (MoU) until 2007. One of the main
6,000 bbl/d of diesel, and 5,500 bbl/d of development, including privatization of concerns for both Pakistan and India
naphtha, among other products. PSO state-run businesses, regulation that en- is how much Iran will charge for the
has a supply contract to purchase the courages competition and tax incentives natural gas. To help mediate the pricing
entire output of BPL’s products for the geared towards increasing exploration issue, the three countries appointed an
next 10 years. In June 2006, Kuwait and production. international consultant this past sum-
agreed to fund a $1.2 billion oil refinery, mer. Iran has offered to cover 60 percent
which would have a planned capacity of Exploration and Production of the construction costs of the pipeline
100,000 bbl/d. The refinery would be and Pakistani officials have stressed their
located at Port Qasim in Karachi. Pakistan’s largest natural gas production ability to safeguard the pipeline. Pakistan
occurs at the Sui field, which is located could earn about $70 million annually
in the Southern Indus Basin. PPL oper- in transit fees from the pipeline. If India
ates Sui field, with production averaging decides to forego its part in the pipeline
655 Mmcf/d. Additional producing fields project, Pakistan and Iran have agreed to
include Mari (446 Mmcf/d), Sawan (366 work on a bilateral Iran-Pakistan pipeline
Mmcf/d), and Bhit (316 Mmcf/d). In 2005, project.
BHP Billiton signed a Gas Sales and Pur-
chase Agreement (GSPA), in which the A second natural gas import possibility
company will supply an additional 150 that has been considered is an eventual
million cubic feet per day (Mmcf/d) of link to the Dolphin Project in Qatar.
natural gas from its Zamzama field. BHP This plan would supply natural gas from
Billiton will complete phase II develop- Qatar’s North Dome field to Pakistan
ment of Zamzama in the third quarter of via a sub sea pipeline from Oman. Even
2007. Petronas brought its Rehmat field though Pakistan has signed a prelimi-
Natural Gas online in March 2005. The field produces nary agreement to eventually purchase
an estimated 30 Mmcf/d, which is sold to natural gas from Qatar, it remains to be
According to OGJ, Pakistan had 28 tril- consumers in Pakistan’s southern Sindh seen if further action on the project will
lion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural province. In the past few years, the coun- be taken.
gas reserves in 2006. The bulk of these try discovered seven new natural gas
reserves are located in the southern half
of Pakistan. In 2004, Pakistan produced
and consumed 968 billion cubic feet
(Bcf). In light of the current onshore ex-
ploration activities and resource outlook,
the Pakistani government expects minor
increases in natural gas production in
the short-term. However, natural gas
production is expected to decline over
the next 15-25 year period, while natural
gas demand is expected to increase.
The Pakistani government is currently
developing plans to import additional
natural gas (see “Proposed Pipelines”
below) in order to satisfy increasing de-
mand. According to the Pakistan Energy
Yearbook, natural gas is currently the
country’s largest energy source, making
up 50 percent of Pakistan’s energy mix in
FY 2004/2005. fields. The Pakistani government expects A third natural gas pipeline option
the development of these new fields to that has been discussed is a line from
Sector Organization add an additional 1 Bcf/d to Pakistan’s Turkmenistan to Pakistan via Afghanistan.
natural gas production. Pakistan faces various hurdles with this
Pakistan’s state-owned PPL and OGDCL option, which include the security situa-
produce around 30 percent and 25 Proposed Pipelines tion in Afghanistan and the price Turk-
percent, respectively, of the country’s menistan would charge for the natural
natural gas. The two companies are the Pakistan’s government is working on gas. In addition, completed feasibility
country’s largest natural gas producers. plans to build a pipeline that spans from studies on the project, funded by the
OMV is the largest foreign natural gas
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Privatization project. Eden Enterprises, along with Board (AEDB). AEDB’s primary objec-
Pakistani partners own 95 percent of tive is to help Pakistan achieve a 10
The Pakistani government continues to S.K. Hydro, which was given a 35-50 percent renewable energy share in the
seek reform in the state-held electric year concession period for the power country’s energy mix. AEDB is working
companies. In November 2005, the Pri- plant. Construction is expected to begin to create an environment in Pakistan
vatization Commission in Pakistan sold in 2009, with the plant coming online in that is conducive to investment from
KESC to Hassan Associates, a group of 2011. The Private Power and Infrastruc- the private sector in renewable energy.
local and Saudi investors. KESC con- ture Board (PPIB) is currently reviewing In July 2006, Turkish-based Zorlu Energji
trols a power transmission network in six additional hydropower projects for Grubu signed a letter of intent to install
the southern part of Karachi. Because the Swat River. If approved, the projects a 50-MW wind farm. Zorlu would oper-
KESC has struggled to make a profit, would provide several hundred MW of ate the wind farm for 20 years once
the Pakistani government has supported additional hydroelectric power capacity the project is completed in 2008. Zorlu
the company with a $200 million an- to the country. has indicated that it would like to install
nual subsidy. But, Hassan Associates has an additional 2,000 MW of renewable
indicated that they are confident in their energy capacity in Pakistan by 2015.
ability to make a profit from KESC in
the future. The Pakistani government
will maintain a 26 percent share of the
company. Plans have also been made to
transform WAPDA into three generation
companies, eight distribution companies
and a transmission entity with the hope
of seeing it privatized.
Thermal Power
Nuclear
WAPDA operates the majority of ther-
mal power plants in Pakistan, with over Pakistan has one nuclear power plant,
5,000 MW of installed capacity in its Chashma-1, with 300 MW of installed
control. The Guddu plant is the largest capacity. The Pakistan Atomic Energy
plant operated by WAPDA, with a capac- Commission operates the nuclear plant.
ity of 1,650 MW. In recent years, growth Pakistan is currently working on second
in Pakistan’s thermal power generation nuclear power plant (Chashma-2), with
Hydroelectric has come primarily from new independ- the help of China National Nuclear
ent power producers (IPPs), some of Corporation. The plant will have 325
Hydroelectric power represents a third which have been funded by foreign inves- MW of installed capacity and could be
of Pakistan’s power source, however, tors. The two largest IPPs in Pakistan completed by 2009.
periodic droughts affect the availability are Kot Addu (1,600 MW) and Hubb
of hydropower production. WAPDA con- River (1,300 MW), both of which supply Environmental Issues
trols the country’s major hydroelectric power to WAPDA. The Kot Addu plant
plants, with the largest being the Tabela was privatized in 1996 (from WAPDA). In Pakistani cities, widespread consump-
plant at 3,046 megawatts (MW) installed International Power holds a 36 percent tion of low-quality fuel, combined with
capacity. The Tabela plant was the largest equity stake in the Kot Addu plant. The a dramatic expansion in the number of
hydroelectric plant in Asia until China Pakistani government has recognized vehicles on the roads, has led to signifi-
began building the Three Gorges project, that the majority of thermal plants in the cant air pollution problems. Lead and
which will have 18,000 MW of installed country are run on fuel oil and produce carbon emissions are major air pollut-
capacity. Additional hydroelectric plants considerable amounts of pollution. In an ants in urban centers such as Karachi,
in operation include Mangla (1,000 MW), effort to reduce pollution, the govern- Lahore, and Islamabad. A lack of energy
Warsak (240 MW), and Chashma (184 ment would like to see fuel oil-power efficiency standards has contributed to
MW). plants converted to natural gas in the Pakistan’s high carbon dioxide intensity.
future. One hopeful trend is that Pakistan has
Although Pakistan has plans to develop increasingly been using compressed
additional hydroelectric generating ca- Other Renewables natural gas (CNG) to fuel vehicles. Cur-
pacity, infrastructure constraints, such as rently, government vehicles and taxis that
access roads in mountainous regions and Pakistan is working to expand the use of have been using liquefied petroleum gas
resettlement costs of affected popula- renewable energy to help bridge the gap (LPG) are being converted to CNG.
tions have stalled progress. Nevertheless, of energy deficiency in the country. In
Eden Enterprises is going ahead with 2003, the Pakistani government created
its Suki Kinari (655 MW) hydropower the Alternative Energy Development
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
the country solved the issue due period of 1990 and 2003 the total con-
sumption increased by 84 per cent, from
31twh to 57twh. Presently, an annual
to which the energy crisis kept average increase of 7 per cent has been
postulated. The energy sector, in which
on increasing regularly. the government has a greater role to
play, will have to work hard to make up
for the existing deficit and to meet the
titude and a change of life style is needed been exploited to meet the energy defi- growing demand.
at the national level which should be cit. Nuclear energy is yet another source
triggered by the ruling elite and followed of energy and at present PAEC produces
by all segments of the society that have 472 mw. It is far less than what PAEC The reason behind
access to electricity. At best there could should have been producing to meet the
be some short and long-term solutions energy deficit. the crisis
to the crisis but they need immediate
planning and execution with an enor- Three major electricity generation agen- An important question in the midst of
mous investment. None of the previous cies presently operate in the country. ongoing power shortage crisis, be-
rulers of the country solved the issue They have a total installed capacity of ing raised is that why the energy crisis
due to which the energy crisis kept on around 19522 mw. Their installed capaci- looms on our head after an interval of
increasing regularly. ties are as follows: WAPADA: 11327 mw; around 10-15 years despite the fact that
KESC: 1756 mw and Independent Power statistics about energy resources, de-
Producers (IPPs), 5977 mw. PAEC pro-
State of energy re- duces 472 mw as stated earlier. Thermal
mand and consumption are well articu-
lated. They are also readily available to
power accounts for 64 per cent of the planning commission and other federal
sources total installed capacity, hydro-electricity and provincial governments. The answer
accounts for 33 per cent and nuclear is simple; poor management, lopsided
Pakistan has a deficit of fossils or hydro- power plants account for 3 per cent. priorities and lack of accountability on
carbons sources of energy and to cover Thermal power is mostly produced by part of those who stay at the helm of
up the deficit, it depends upon import- burning either natural gas or imported affairs.
ing crude oil at an enormous cost from oil. The country is yet to switch over
its meager forex reserves. The need of to coal from the indigenous source of In the early 90s, the power crisis had
crude oil is on an increase because of energy that is estimated to be the third started emerging and the political gov-
an improved life style which has neces- largest in the world with a reserve of ernment that was mandated to govern
sitated the use of vehicles and cars for 33.0 trillion tons. the country was faced with the issue
transportation. Import of oil at around of power crisis. The government had
$110 per barrel, increases the trade The Energy market has been changing to resolve the crisis by engaging almost
deficit and the current account deficit. It according to the demands of power 19 Independent Power Producers (IPP).
makes fiscal management a difficult task consumption. The Prices of energy raw 19 IPP projects were initiated with an
which affects the government as well as materials also kept changing. According installed capacity of 3158 mw and invest-
the people. to an analysis, in the fiscal year 1990-91 ment of $4.0 billion and by March 2003
hydropower accounted for 45 per cent the installed capacity was at 2728 mw
Contrary to the deficit of fossils or of all electricity produced in the country that has reached to 5977 mw through
hydrocarbon resources, Pakistan is rich but it was reduced to 26 per cent with expansion. Till 2005, supply of electricity
in hydro resources of energy. According a 10-year period. The share of thermally produced through different power gen-
generated electricity increased from 54
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
erating units was surplus to demand by eas close to or within large cities such as long way in addressing the energy crisis
around 450 mw but since then demand Karachi, Lahore and other comparatively immediately without any additional cost.
has been outstripping supply because smaller cities. Industrial units are not en-
there was practically no additional ergy efficient and management practices
power generation. also need improvement to make efficient Measures by the gov-
use of electricity. A study carried out
The government did not anticipate that by the ENERCON reveals that efficient ernment
there would be an increase in demand use of electricity by the industrial sector
of electricity and it was its responsibility could save up to 23 per cent of electric- The outgoing government had belatedly
to arrange the supply according to the ity. The focus on energy conservation is addressed the power crisis by hyping up
demand. Consequently, during summer, on the improvement of steam distribu- the construction of mega hydro-electric
2007, supply of electricity ran short of tion systems, air conditioning, refrigera- dams including politically controversial
2500 mw. It is being anticipated that tion and modernising and revamping Kalabagh dam without going into details
this year the deficit between supply and energy efficient combustion processes about their feasibility and sources of
demand could be as high as 3000 mw. By and controls. investment. The new government has a
the end of year 2010, the deficit could be real big challenge of addressing the ener-
as large as 5500 mw. There are no imme- The transport sector is the second larg- gy crisis at hand. Its first priority should
diate solutions to generating additional est consumer of energy. According to an be to implement immediate measures
power through any source because a ENERCON study, this sector consumes that might bring some relief to the
unit takes at least 2-3years to establish 28 per cent of total national consump- public. It should also immediately embark
properly. More than 5 years is required tion of energy. This could be reduced by upon the programmme of expansion of
to construct a hydroelectric dam and 10 per cent if car owners alone were to generating capacities that has been laid
the investment is enormous. This crisis economise on consumption of fuel and down by the previous government under
has literally paralysed the construction kept their car engines fully tuned up. The “Vision 2025” programme.
industry, badly affected agriculture and sector has the potential to be 20 per
made life hell for the citizens. In view of cent energy-efficient if railways, shipping It envisions increasing existing power
existing ground realities and constraints and aviation are included. One of the vis- generating capacity by 10000 mw by
to address power crisis by generating ible constraints that keeps the industrial 2010 and around 35000 mw by 2025 at
electricity within a short span of a few and transport sector away from being an enormous cost of $35 billion to be
months, the need to make the best use energy-efficient is the lack of observing shared by the government and private
of existing power generation by taking energy conservation rules and regula- sector. The share of different sources
conservation measures at individual, tions which are already laid down by the of energy is stipulated to be as follows:
community and national level are essen- government. Their focus is perhaps on hydro-electricity: 22563 mw, new gas
tial. These measures if implemented with short-term gains that run contrary to fired plants: 4680 mw, coal fired plants:
commitment and honesty of purpose national interest. 4350 mw, nuclear plants: 1800 mw and
can help a lot of people to over come finally 1500 mw from renewable energy
negative implications of power crisis. The third largest consumer of electricity resources. It is certainly an ambitious
is domestic/household sector that con- plan that needs to be implemented on
sumes around 21 per cent of electricity priority basis with changes that the new
produced in the country. According to a government might like to make within its
Energy conservation study this sector could be efficient by 30 national policy framework.
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Industrial Option December 2008 | industrialoption.com
Elected Office Bearers Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry for the period of 2008-2009
Executive Members
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Standing Committees of the Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry
for the period of 2008-09
No. Name Standing Committee Company Name
1 Mohammad Tariq Iqbal Mughal Achievement Award Mughal Steel Mill Pvt Ltd
2 Ch Mohammad Arif Agri and Pesticide Ch Stone Crushing
3 Amjad Nazir Butt Agro & Food Process Al Madina Trading Co Skp
4 Mehmood Sami Petroleum Sami Sons
5 Ch. Nadeem Safdar Soap and Detergents Model Soap Factory
6 Rab Nawaz Dyes and Chemicals Ahmad Jannat Enteprises
7 Sabir Pervaiz Miller Industry Seena Grinding
8 A.R.Khan Customs & Import Super Thermax
9 Shahid Saeed Pasha Chemical Processing Premier Chemical
10 Haji Maqsood Gems & Jewelry Maqsood Jewelers
11 Malik Manzoor Industrial Services Industrial Option
12 Sheikh Naveed Anwar Stainless Steel Industry AHN Steel
13 Muzaffar Ahmad Board Industry Malik Board & Paper Mill
14 Haseeb Haroon Collides AHN Collides
15 Mohammad Saleem Butt Pharmaceutical Ameer Pharama
16 Amir Bakhat Azam Cable Industry New Age Cables
17 Tariq Iqbal Mughal Trade Delegation Mughal Steel Mill Pvt Ltd
18 Mian Farooq Ahmad Pipe Industry Jamal Pipe Industry
19 Ms Qaisra Zulfiqar Women Entrepreneur Al Aziz Paper Mill
20 Mian Muhammad Sanaullah WAPDA Dispute Resolution National Pipe
21 M. Waseem Asharaf Rice Export Waseem Traders
22 Sheikh Abdul Hafeez District Government S. Abdul Ghafoor & Sons
23 Imtiaz Asharaf Aulakh Social Welfare Aulakh Commission Shop
24 Syed Abid Shah Education Philanthropist
25 Ali Abbas Chemical Yarn RN Rayon
26 Mohammad Rashid Open end Industry Model Spinning
27 Lala Abdul Waheed Health Usman Traders
28 Khalid Zaman Toor Rice Research Crystal International
29 Malik Mohammad Yusaf Sales Tax InterPack
30 Shehzad Ali Nagina R & D / NGOs Mandiali Paper Mill
31 Abid Mehmood Butt Building H.M. builders
32 Amir Bakhat Azam Environment New Age Cables
33 Ch Mohammad Arif Law & Order Ch Stone Crushing
34 Amjad Nazir Butt Chamber News Al Madina Trading Co
35 Suhail Iqbal Mian Membership Growth Muhammad Iqbal Hussain & Brothers
36 Manzoor Ul Haq Malik Liaison Industrial Option
37 Kamran Khan Pulp & Paper Flying Paper Mill
38 Ch. Mohammad Sadiq Business Dispute Resolving Insha Industries
39 Khalid Taj Sui Gas+ CNG Taj International
40 Mian Shahabul Khan Court Matters Qadria Board
41 Malik Mudassar Public Relation Falcon Packages
42 Khawaja Tariq Packaging( Tin Corrugation ) Ayub Packages
43 Aamir Match Industry Fazal Match Industry
44 Muhammad Younas Shoe Industry Rightway International
45 Adil Mehmood Textile Industry Adil Textile Pvt. Ltd.
46 Zafar Iqbal Industrial Department Khalifa Papers
Note: Co-Chairmen & Members to be announced soon.
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
While developed countries are world’s top producer of buffalo/goat revenue windfalls have eased the impact
directing their attention to the tur- milk (#2/#4), buffalo/ goat meat (#2), of the food crisis in these countries. As
moil in the financial sector - far less chick-peas (#2), and sugar cane (#5); these Gulf and other oil rich Muslim
attention is being paid to the global Bangladesh is a leading producer of rice economies look to invest their revenue
food price crisis--- a crisis that is (#4), jute (#2), goat milk/meat (#2, #4); windfall towards domestic infrastructure
having a more immediate and life and Indonesia is a leading producer of and industrial rehauling-the agricultur-
threatening impact on the global coconuts (#1), green beans (#2), tropi- ally endowed, yet poorer Muslim world
masses. cal fruits (#2), eggs (#3), and rice (#3) economies provide a unique investment
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
net agriculture exporters) taking them Indian economic analyst. An Opportunity to Lead
to globally competitive levels; reaping
for themselves high investment returns, The objective of this article is not to While these are some of the poorest
securing their own food sources, and analyze the reasons of the crisis, since economies in the world,they stand to
contributing to alleviation of the food broadly it all boils down to supply and
crisis from other Muslim countries. demand disparities. Rather, our focus is
to concentrate on the unique opportuni-
The Impact and Drivers ties in the market.
We are all feeling the pinch from rising The Muslim World - Agriculture Cen-
food prices. For us-the fortunate ones - tered but Food Poor
who can afford internet access and read
magazines-- the food crisis may translate Many of the 57 OIC (Organization of
into eating out less, or cutting down on Islamic Conference) member countries
buying expensive groceries. However, for are agriculture centered economies
approximately 2.7 billion of the world’s producing a major portion of the world’s
population who spend 80% of their food commodities. As shown in the table
income on food (source: Oxfam)-this is below--Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Iran,
serious. In Pakistan, the poorest one-fifth and Egypt have the biggest agriculture DinarStandard.com Analysis based on World Bank -
of the country’s population spends 50 to outputs within the Muslim world (by World Development Indicator 2007, CIA World
58 per cent of its income on buying ce- GDP - PPP contribution.) Fact Book data
real foods alone. The skyrocketing wheat
prices, therefore, becomes a matter of benefit greatly from a growing demand
life and death for the extremely poor. for food. In Indonesia, according to
Oxfam, the price rises have offered a
This dramatic spike in food prices has huge opportunity for palm oil exports:
been attributed to various complex and these increased by 55 per cent in 2007,
interlocking reasons. Growing global making palm oil the country’s biggest
demand (particularly from large, emerg- revenue-generating export, surpassing
ing economies such as China and India), even copper, coal, oil, and gas. At the
unfair world trade rules, skimpy wheat same time, Indonesia being a beneficiary
harvests, speculation in the commodi- of the booming bio fuels sector is expe-
ties market, increased use of farmland riencing a soaring price of local cooking
to produce bio fuels (to offset high fuel oil, making everyday life very difficult for
prices), years of neglect in investing in Data Source: World Bank - World Devel- its people.
agricultural sectors, and climate change opment Indicator 2007
are all playing a part. A key aspect of the opportunity here
Most of these top agricultural based is the low agricultural productivity of
The global push for bio fuel crops, which economies are also some of the poorest these economies that forms the basis
then take food crops out of production, and hardest hit by the food crisis. Within of the potential. When compared to the
is playing a significant role in raising pric- the ten major agricultural Muslim world global leaders in agricultural exports,
es. World Bank analysts have estimated economies, Bangladesh, Sudan, Nigeria, the agricultural productivity of Muslim
that bio fuel production has accounted Pakistan and Indonesia have the lowest majority agricultural economies lags far
for 65 percent in the rise of world food GDP Per capita (PPP.) behind. Amongst the largest 10 agricul-
prices, while the International Monetary tural economies Egypt, Bangladesh and
Fund (IMF) has concluded that bio fuel
production is responsible for a significant
part of the jump in commodity prices.
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Pakistan are the most productive when food reserves. Fund that will collectively invest in food production
measured by the $ Agricultural output/ in nearby countries for the Gulf market. MAP will
also develop 10 model dairy and livestock farms
square km, whereas Sudan, Nigeria, Alge- This has compelled the Kuwait Govern- in Pakistan through private equity, small enterprise
ria and Turkey are the least productive. ment to launch several initiatives such as development and donor facilitation in 2008–10.
Kuwait’s “decent living” fund. The Amir * On 7 September 2008, Kuwait’s Minister of
The low value productivity has been of Kuwait has donated $ 100 million to Finance signed what his Sudanese counterpart
called a “giant” strategic partnership deal with the
attributed by various agencies to under- establish the fund for “decent living” in government in Khartoum. Under the agreement,
investment in the agricultural sector, gov- Muslim countries, and another $ 300 mil- the two will invest jointly in food production,
ernment mismanagement, and not being lion to the Islamic Development Bank’s presumably in Sudan, including cattle.
able to attune the agricultural practices (IDB) Poverty Fund. * The Qatar Company for Meat and Livestock
Trading Mawashi has established a sheep farm in
to the developing world. western Sudan and has signed a memorandum of
Meanwhile, the Islamic Development understanding with the country for further expan-
Thus the number one opportunity is for Bank (IDB) has also pledged USD 1.5 bil- sion in livestock farming. It also has bilateral agree-
these very countries’ public and private lion toward addressing the food crisis in ments with two Tajik livestock companies. Qatar
Livestock Mawashi has also committed US$1bn to
sectors to commit to agricultural devel- its poorest member countries. The pack- develop industrial livestock farms in Pakistan.
opment and lead the world in fulfilling age, known as the Jeddah Declaration, * In August 2008, the BinLaden Group signed an
global food demand. will be disbursed over a 5-year period agreement to invest at least US$4.3bn, on behalf
and will include short, medium, and long- of a consortium of 15 Saudi investors known as
the Middle East Foodstuff Consortium, to develop
Another unique aspect of this oppor- term programs to deal with the crisis. 500,000 ha of riceland in Indonesia.
tunity is the role of the Oil-rich Muslim * Hail Agricultural Development Company
majority countries. The most affluent Faced with a scarcity of fertile land, (HADCO), a Saudi agribusiness firm, has leased
Muslim majority countries (based on water shortages and surging world food 25,000 acres (10,117 ha) for US$95m north of
Khartoum to produce food and feed for export to
GDP per capita) are almost all the oil prices, the GCC states are seeking to Saudi Arabia.
producing nations of the GCC (Gulf secure their food supplies by investing in * Abraaj Capital, a private equity firm manag-
Cooperation Council) that have ben- agriculture abroad. Saudi Arabia and the ing US$5bn of assets, has, together with the UAE
efited from the cash windfall of world oil United Arab Emirates, the top food im- government, reportedly acquired some 800,000
acres (about 324,000 ha) of supposedly “barren”
dependent energy needs. porters among GCC countries, are now farmland in Pakistan over the last year to produce
looking to Asia and Africa as opportuni- rice and wheat for export to UAE.
The total population of the six members ties for agricultural investments.
of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Envisioning a food market to the
- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi On the private sector side, it seems that world
Arabia and the UAE - rose from around many GCC companies are looking at
30 million in 2000 to more than 35 mil- establishing agricultural ventures in other There are certainly many, many chal-
lion in 2006. GCC food imports cost 10 nearby countries. lenges in improving the productivity of
billion dollars in 2007 where Saudi Ara- the agriculturally endowed Muslim world
bia, with a population of about 24 million, One reported UAE project to develop economies. Ineffective management of
remains the largest food importer. As the more than 70,000 acres (28,328 hec- water resources, soil fertility; in effective
table above shows, the GCC countries tares) of arable land in Sudan is in line access to markets, credit and input; and
that are looking to diversify their invest- with this strategy. Being Africa’s largest lack of R&D are all known hurdles.
ments can contribute and benefit greatly country, it has abundant water resources
by investing in the great agricultural including the Nile River, the world’s long- However, given the already existing
sector potential of the Muslim world est river. However, Sudanese agriculture strong relationship of the GCC coun-
economies. This also will help them remains massively underdeveloped, tries with agriculturally endowed Muslim
secure their own food supply needs. although it employs 80 percent of the world economies and the investment
workforce, with much of the population pool available, the GCC countries can
Emerging Private Sector Invest- reliant on subsistence agriculture. play a leadership / innovative role. With
ments & Government Initiatives a coordinated investment strategy they
Egypt and Pakistan have also been target- could support government driven infra-
There are certainly indications that the ed by Saudi Arabia and the UAE for food structure initiatives as well as investing in
Muslim world is taking some actions to projects. individual farming practices resulting in
tap into the above stated potential. securing their own food supplies as well
Some recent transactions/ initiatives are as investment returns.
At the Government level, recently, the as follows (Source: http://www.grain.
57 nations of the Organization of the org/go/landgrab): In many ways this type of leadership is
Islamic Conference have come together akin to Dubai’s very impressive approach
to cooperate on increasing food produc- * In August 2008, three Gulf firms -- Abu Dhabi to becoming the new world tourism
tion. Kuwait’s Deputy Prime Minister Investment House, Ithmaar Bank and Gulf Finance
House – announced the creation of AgriCapital, a destination which the rest are following.
Sheikh Dr Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem new Islamic investment fund. The US$1bn invest- Perhaps a spirited human impacting vi-
Al-Sabah has recently said that Muslim ment vehicle will engage in land purchases overseas sion could also enable it to establish the
countries were the most gravely affected to produce food for the region. Muslim world as the leading food basket
by developmental challenges, namely glo- * MAP (Market Access Promotion) Services
Group, an international investment firm, has joined to the world.
bal inflation and shortages in the world’s other Gulf partners to form a Middle East Food
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Student’s Corner
Why Should I get Education?
The purpose of education is dependent on the form of the family and so-
ciety, and the historical context and place an individual is raised within.
By: Muzayyan Manzoor come to them from outside themselves. happiness is the terminology of secular
Student FC College education; within religious education, this
Due to this inherent dignity and as the is called the formation of the soul, both
The purpose of education is dependent individual source of political authority, types of education are prevalent in our
on the form of the family and society, learning self-control is vital to educa- society. To develop character means to
and the historical context and place an tional success. Students develop self-con- refine our coarse emotional states and
individual is raised within. The current trol through learning to obey authority base desires into civilized and tasteful
context is one of rapid economic glo- that they accept as legitimate. If students emotional states and higher desires. It
balization oriented towards knowledge- never learn to obey others, they can also means to seek the truth, in commu-
based industries aimed at increasing hardly learn to obey their own inter- nity with others, sharing common mean-
human longevity and enhancing human nal restraints; they will have recurring ings within a clear and practical language,
capabilities. trouble resisting harmful vices or issuing doing good oneself and promoting good
orders while leaving people’s dignity in the larger spheres of local autonomy.
This form of society recognizes the intact. They will, therefore, have difficulty
individual as being the source of legiti- achieving happiness or justice. Parents Once these basics of education have
mate authority and responsible for both and teachers are obeyed because they been mastered, the student has the
self-conduct and the preservation of the possess superior knowledge that stu- conceptual tools necessary to go deeper
society. Such a society is constituted of into any single fundamental realm or into
ever-expanding spheres of local au- interdisciplinary areas between realms.
tonomy, beginning with the individual and Teachers guide students into studies of
proceeding outward through the family works proven to have permanent worth.
and voluntary associations, followed by A student might choose to learn more
city, county, regional, national and global between the realms of meaning and
political jurisdictions. The importance of purpose, such as law or anthropology,
each sphere of local autonomy is directly or between the realms of purpose and
proportional to the closeness to the truth, such as medicine or engineer-
individual, who holds ultimate respon- ing, or between the realms of truth and
sibility, through their representatives, meaning, such as economics or business.
for the consequences of the exercise of
delegated authority and power. The most The most general learning, relying equally
important sphere of local autonomy is on the tripod of the basic curriculum
the individual and the immediate family within all three realms, is in the areas of
and the least important are global juris- history, philosophy, politics and religious
dictions. thought. This is the knowledge all individ-
uals within representative democracies
Individuals within our form of society should attempt to achieve, at least to the
have a dignity that cannot be taken degree that informed decisions are pos-
away from them by any power on earth sible. Representatives themselves require
because of their unique moral capacity; dents both need and desire, exhibiting a this most generalized knowledge during
they are their own masters, they choose natural hierarchy. periods of rapid technological, indeed,
revolutionary changes of unknown scope
Individuals within our form of society have and duration.
a dignity that cannot be taken away from The purpose of education is the preser-
vation and enhancement of knowledge
them by any power on earth because of and the development of character within
their unique moral capacity; our given form of society which will best
prepare the individual for the conditions
of extreme novelty the near future is
their own ends and do not have their bringing.
ends chosen for them. Individuals are Desiring to excel at acquiring knowledge
recognized as created beings; they did develops the kind of character necessary
not create themselves and cannot give for the preservation of our form of soci-
away the rights and responsibilities that ety. Developing character and achieving
Page - 27
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Survival Tips for Managing and landlords for better prices or short-
term reductions, and even consider
trading goods and services on a barter
During an Economic Downturn exchange for credits instead of for cash.
Take advantage of supplier discounts for
prompt payment, and don’t pay checks
Running or managing a small business to follow during economic upheavals: for no-discount bills before they’re due.
often leaves little time to keep track of If the cash bind has already surfaced, talk
national, and even regional, economic
indicators that might affect your industry
1. Watch your inventories carefully, to creditors before the bills are past due
to persuade them to extend payments
but don’t hold them down so tight that
and your specific operation. Yet condi- you’ll lose sales. Typically during a slow- of your current bills. Your chances of
tions such as interest rates, inflation, down, there is an imbalance between getting their cooperation will lessen
gross national product, stock prices and slumping retail sales and bloated inven- if you wait until they send collection
consumer confidence have direct impact tories -- don’t be saddled with leftover memos. Keep in mind that suppliers’
on your profitability and on relation- merchandise that ties up your cash flow. credit managers will be more receptive if
ships with vendors, customers and even your payment history is a solid one, and
employees. One possibility is converting inventories you can assure them future bills will be
Page - 28
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
off eager competitors. If appropriate, With this in mind, commit yourself to lessened during tough economic times.
encourage sales people to call on every subleasing a set percentage of your com- Studies show that perception of service
customer on a regular basis, and set pany’s space. By consolidating opera- is fixed primarily in terms of time in a
aside some of your own time to do the tions and removing unused equipment, customer’s mind. Three examples are:
same. Frequent face-to-face meetings you may find that much of the space waiting time to obtain service; reaction
with your client base provides an excel- you thought you had to have was simply time to deliver service; and length of
lent opportunity – probably your only draining the bottom line. time of the service. In banks or stores,
one -- to pacify disgruntled customers or phoning in orders or for information,
and win back lost ones. 9. Now is the time to be prudently prospective customers will walk out
or hang up if their time perception is
aggressive in the marketplace. Actively
Try to lock up long-term contracts with seek out new business, and perhaps add strained.
your most important customers at any-
thing approaching acceptable terms. Of-
a salesperson or two or an extra service
to give you an edge over competition.
12. Historically, many businesses
fer prepayment incentives, for example, reduce advertising and promotional
10.
and discounts on long-term buys. expenditures rather than slash fixed
Similarly, don’t skimp on costs during hard times. However, stud-
5. Get aggressive with collections.
service and quality by being understaffed.
Options include freelancers, consultants
ies have shown that those maintaining or
increasing ad outlays during slowdowns
According to the partner of a consulting and part-time employees. One advantage wind up outselling rivals who cut back.
firm, “when business is good, companies of a slowdown is that hiring gets easier
tend to become lazy about collecting on
receivables. This can prove dangerous
in a recession.” Assume that the average
“According to management consultant
collection period for your industry is 45
days, but your company is at 51 days. Af-
Donald Blumberg, author of Managing
ter bringing that collection period down
to the industry average, keep working to
Service as a Strategic Profit Center, cus-
get it down to 40 days. Being tough with tomers will temper their time demands
customers may be unpleasant, but it’s an
important safeguard against the effects of when they see store employees busy
a prolonged economic slowdown.
helping other customers. But they will
6. In a related vein, look hard at not be so tolerant when clerks are chat-
capital spending. Consider delaying both
the purchase of high ticket items and
expansion plans that take a long time to
ting with one another or on the phone
pay off. At the same time, make sure you
have enough capacity to start filling or-
while waiting customers are ignored.
ders again when the economy stabilizes. An informal, friendly attitude by owner-
7. Strengthen your banking relation- managers is key to a happy workplace,
ships, which includes letting lenders
know the company’s financial position.
with emphasis clearly placed on the im-
Banks are looking for business to boost
their income, but are also trying to
portant role all employees play in meet-
minimize risk, so they are careful about
what kind of loans they undertake. Most
ing customer needs for attentive, timely
experts agree, however, that seeking ad-
ditional credit during a recession is not
service”
advisable. because there are more candidates from Savvy marketers can boost sales and
which to choose due to layoffs and other market share, even if the industry in
Page - 29
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Pakistan Timeline
post.
Bhutto comeback
ally breaks away to become Bangladesh. 1988 November - Benazir Bhutto’s PPP
wins general election.
1972 - Simla peace agreement with India
sets new frontline in Kashmir.
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Sharif overthrown in military coup led 2001 December - India, Pakistan mass 2002 June - Britain and US maintain dip-
by General Pervez Musharraf. Coup is troops along common border amid lomatic offensive to avert war, urge their
widely condemned, Pakistan is suspend- mounting fears of a looming war. citizens to leave India and Pakistan.
ed from Commonwealth.
2002 August - President Musharraf
2000 April - Nawaz Sharif sentenced to grants himself sweeping new powers,
life imprisonment on hijacking and ter- including the right to dismiss an elected
rorism charges. parliament. Opposition forces accuse
Musharraf of perpetuating dictatorship.
2000 December - Nawaz Sharif goes
into exile in Saudi Arabia after being 2002 October - First general election
pardoned by military authorities. since the 1999 military coup results in a
hung parliament. Parties haggle over the
2001 20 June - Gen Pervez Musharraf make-up of a coalition. Religious parties
names himself president while remain- fare better than expected.
ing head of the army. He replaced the
figurehead president, Rafiq Tarar, who 2002 November - Mir Zafarullah Jamali
vacated his position earlier in the day 2002 January - President Musharraf bans selected as prime minister by the Na-
after the parliament that elected him two militant groups - Lashkar-e-Toiba tional Assembly. He is the first civilian
was dissolved. and Jaish-e-Mohammad - and takes steps premier since the 1999 military coup
to curb religious extremism. and a member of a party close to Gen-
2001 July - Musharraf meets Indian Prime eral Musharraf.
Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in the first 2002 January - Musharraf announces that
summit between the two neighbours in elections will be held in October 2002 2003 February - Senate elections: Ruling
more than two years. The meeting ends to end three years of military rule. party wins most seats in voting to the
without a breakthrough or even a joint upper house. Elections said to be final
statement because of differences over stage of what President Musharraf calls
Kashmir. transition to democracy.
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ogy is said to have been transferred to Kashmir quake parts of the country, including at Islama-
Libya, North Korea and Iran. bad’s Marriott Hotel and the internation-
al airport, kill a number of people.
2004 April - Parliament approves crea- 68 passengers, most of them Pakistanis,
tion of military-led National Security are killed by bomb blasts and a blaze
Council. Move institutionalises role of on a train travelling between the Indian
armed forces in civilian affairs. capital New Delhi and the Pakistani city
of Lahore.
2004 May - Pakistan readmitted to Com-
monwealth. Pakistan and India sign an agreement
aimed at reducing the risk of accidental
Factional violence in Karachi: Senior nuclear war.
Sunni cleric shot dead; bomb attack on
Shia mosque kills 16, injures 40. Musharraf targets judiciary
2004 June - Military offensive near Af- 2005 8 October - An earthquake, with
ghan border against suspected al-Qaeda its epicentre in Pakistani-administered
militants and their supporters after at- Kashmir, kills tens of thousands of peo-
tacks on checkpoints. Earlier offensive, in ple. The city of Muzaffarabad is among
March, left more than 120 dead. the worst-hit areas.
2004 August - Shaukat Aziz is sworn in as 2006 January - Up to 18 people are
prime minister. In July he escaped unhurt killed in a US missile strike, apparently
from an apparent assassination attempt. targeting senior al-Qaeda figures, on a
border village in the north.
2004 December - President Musharraf
says he will stay on as head of the army 2006 February - More than 30 people 2007 March - President Musharraf
having previously promised to relinquish are killed in a suspected suicide bomb suspends the Chief Justice Iftikhar Mo-
the role. attack and ensuing violence at a Shia hammed Chaudhry, triggering a wave of
Muslim procession in the north-west. anger across the country.
2005 January - Tribal militants in Ba-
lochistan attack facilities at Pakistan’s 2006 April - A suspected double suicide First joint protests held by the parties of
largest natural gas field, forcing closure bombing kills at least 57 people at a exiled former prime ministers Benazir
of main plant. Sunni Muslim ceremony in Karachi. Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
2006 August - Security forces kill promi- 2007 March-April - Officials say around
nent Balochistan tribal leader, Nawab 250 people have been killed in fighting
Akbar Bugti. Protests over his death turn between South Waziristan tribesmen
violent. and foreign militants said to be linked to
al-Qaeda.
2006 October - Raid on an Islamic semi-
nary in the tribal area of Bajaur border- 2007 May - Several killed in Karachi dur-
ing Afghanistan kills up to 80 people, ing rival demonstrations over dismissal
sparking anti-government protests. The of Chief Justice Chaudhry. Subsequent
army says the madrassa was a training strikes paralyse much of the country.
camp for militants. 2007 May - A bomb blast in a hotel in
Peshawar kills 24.
2006 December - Pakistan says it has
2005 7 April - Bus services, the first in successfully test-fired a short-range 2007 June - President Musharraf extends
60 years, operate between Muzaffarabad missile capable of carrying a nuclear media controls to include the internet
in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and warhead. and mobile phones amid a growing chal-
Srinagar in Indian-controlled Kashmir. lenge to his rule.
More than 200 suspected Islamic ex- 2007 January - Islamabad rejects an as-
tremists are detained at premises which sertion by the head of US National Intel- 2007 July - Security forces storm the
include religious schools and mosques. ligence that al-Qaeda leaders are hiding Red Mosque complex in Islamabad fol-
The move comes after deadly attacks in out in Pakistan. lowing a week-long siege.
the British capital; three of the bombers
visited Pakistan in 2004. 2007 January-June - Tension mounts Supreme Court reinstates Chief
between the government and the radical Justice Chaudhry.
2005 August - Pakistan tests its first, Red Mosque in Islamabad.
nuclear-capable cruise missile. 2007 July - Ms Bhutto, President Mushar-
2007 February - Bombings in different raf hold a secret meeting in Abu Dhabi
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
on a possible power-sharing deal. Nawaz Sharif returns from exile again. parties agree to launch impeachment
2007 August - Supreme Court rules Musharraf resigns from army post and is proceedings against President Musharraf.
Nawaz Sharif can return from exile. sworn in for second term as president. Mr Musharraf resigns. Senate Speaker
Muhammad Sumroo becomes acting
2007 September - Mr Sharif returns but Bhutto assassinated president.
is sent back to exile within hours.
2007 15 December - State of emergency PPP leader Asif Ali Zardari - Benazir
2007 October - Musharraf wins most lifted. Bhutto’s widower - says he will be the
votes in presidential election. The party’s candidate in the presidential elec-
Supreme Court says no winner can be 27 December - Benazir Bhutto assas- tion set for 6 September.
formally announced until it rules if the sinated at election campaign rally in
general was eligible to stand for election Rawalpindi. Former PM Nawaz Sharif pulls his PML-
while still army chief. 2008 January - Elections postponed to N out of the coalition government, ac-
18 February. cusing the PPP of breaking its promise to
Nearly 200 people die in fighting with approve the reinstatement of all judges
Islamic militants in North Waziristan, Suicide bomber kills more than 20 sacked by former President Pervez
stronghold of pro-Taleban and al-Qaida policemen gathered outside the High Musharraf.
groups. Court in Lahore ahead of an anti-gov-
ernment rally. 2008 September - Asif Ali Zardari
Ex-prime minister Benazir Bhutto re- elected by legislators as Pakistan’s new
turns from exile. Dozens of people die in Up to 90 fighters killed in clashes in the president.
a suicide bomb targetting her homecom- tribal region of South Waziristan, near
ing parade in Karachi. the Afghan border, where militants have Marriott Hotel in Islamabad devastated
been openly challenging the army. in a suicide truck bombing which leaves
Emergency rule 2008 February - Parliamentary elections. at least 50 dead. An Islamist militant
The two main opposition parties gain a group claims responsibility.
2007 November - Gen Musharraf de- clear majority. They later agree to form a
clares emergency rule while still awaiting coalition government. 2008 October - Earthquake in south-
Supreme Court ruling on whether he western province of Balochistan leaves
was eligible to run for re-election. Chief 2008 March - Pakistan People’s Party hundreds dead.
Justice Chaudhry is dismissed. Ms Bhutto (PPP) nominee Yusuf Raza Gilani be-
is briefly placed under house arrest. comes prime minister. 2008 November - President Zardari
warns the US military that missile strikes
Caretaker government sworn in. 2008 May - The disgraced Pakistani on Pakistani territory are “counter-pro-
New Supreme Court - now staffed with nuclear scientist, Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan, ductive”.
compliant judges - dismisses challenges says allegations he passed on nuclear
to Musharraf’s re-election. secrets are false and that he was made a The government borrows billions of
scapegoat. dollars from the International Monetary
Pakistan’s Chief Election Commissioner Fund to overcome its spiralling debt
announces that general elections to be Musharraf steps down crisis.
held on 8 January 2008.
2008 August - The two main governing
ZAIN Board & Coating
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
“How India backed-out from 2 Motivate people to participate in the ideas campaign.
its preemptive Media & War 3 Participants - probably your employees - develop ideas in
a collaborative environment.
Campaign against Pakistan” 4 The most promising ideas are selected and sent to teams
of experts for evaluation.
An Idiot’s Guide to Campaigns
Mr. Imran Aziz writes in his diary 5 The winning ideas are implemented.
1 Innovation Challenge
The innovation challenge is the her M.A Political Science & M.A English. including law-enforcement agencies also
focus of your ideas campaign - and During discussion, we were stuck evalu- helped us shaping the right campaign for
it is worth spending time to get the ating Indian aggressive stance on impos- right time in benefit of both countries.
challenge just right so that you get ing war on Pakistan. In short, after few
the right ideas. hours we agreed to check UN’s point of The Idea
view on aggressive or pre-emptive war
Challenges are normally the result against any country. “In the interest of contesting the India’s
of rephrasing problems - or per- current rush to war, we have composed
haps business needs or issue - into We began to unite bits and pieces of the attached “Open Letter with resolution
short, terse questions which inspire our discussion and amazingly ended up to United Nations Secretary-General Ban
creative thinking. with an innovative idea, the campaign. Ki Moon and to Representatives of the
My 10 years experience of working with Member States, on the Declared Intention
On 20th of December 2008, I was sitting different private and public sector or- of the India to Commit Aggression Against
with my wife and was benefitting from ganizations nationally and internationally Pakistan.”
2 Motivation
Once you have formulated your might prevent the India from embarking now seeking to strong-arm its allies and the
challenge and set up your ideas on this violent course.The United Nations Indian congress into support and submis-
campaign, the next step is to was created explicitly to “save succeeding sion. As members of Indian Congress rush to
motivate people to participate! generations from the scourge of war” (Pre- show their obedience and line up to receive
This may seem obvious, but if you amble, U.N. Charter) and “to take effective the anticipated spoils of war, the Indian
do not motivate, people will not collective measures for the prevention and Administration is now waging a campaign
participate. And the first step in removal of threats to the peace…” (Article to convince the people of the India about its
motivation is promotion. 1, 1).The U.N. Charter condemns unilateral preemptive attack on the soil of Pakistan.
attacks across borders when not justified by
The Motivation self-defense, referring to the need to fend After we have set the basic context of
off an ongoing or clearly imminent attack. motivation, we planned to disseminate
Although the Indian government openly Otherwise, it is obligatory to obtain Security the Letter widely to individuals, groups,
plans a war against Pakistan, U.N. officials Council sanction for any such military action. and the media and urged them to sign
and representatives have neither spoken India has declared his intention to wage a this Letter and to pass it along to others
out in opposition nor taken any actions that ‘preemptive’ war against Pakistan and is to sign.
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such a manner that international peace
The Campaign was launched targeting and security, and justice, are not endan-
20,000 eligible members across the gered.
world, including civil society and key pol- “All members shall refrain in their inter-
national relations from the threat or use
icy makers for their input and collabora- of force against the territorial integrity
or political independence of any state, or
tive idea development. in any other manner inconsistent with
the Purposes of the United Nations….”
The preemptive war in Iraq is not yet over on its head, twisting reality in order to Under this framework, acts of aggression,
but its international fallout has already create the pretext for its war of aggres- such as India’s threatened attack, are to
begun. A spat has started between India sion. The Administration claims that the be suppressed and force is used only as a
and Pakistan over whether the doctrine of necessary prerequisite of an imminent last and unavoidable resort.
preemption can be extended to South Asia. threat of attack can be found in the fact
that there is no evidence of an imminent The U.N. Charter was enacted in 1945
The US can absorb the costs of war threat, and therefore the threat is even in the aftermath of the devastation and
and reconstruction in Iraq.The Indian more sinister as a hidden threat. The lack suffering of World War II. The Charter
economy is in a take-off stage and is of a threat becomes the threat, which was enacted to bring an end to acts of
growing at a healthy rate. A simple becomes cause for war. aggression, “to save succeeding genera-
cost-benefit analysis would make it tions from the scourge of war, which
obvious that it is not in India’s inter- India’s Perceived preemptive War and twice in our lifetime has brought untold
est to jeopardize its overall stability Current Threats Violate the U.S. Con- sorrow to mankind.”
and well-being to pursue a misadven- stitution, the U.N. Charter and Interna-
ture against Pakistan. tional Law Disputes which might lead to a breach of
the peace are required to be resolved by
We urge the UN Secretary-General and India’s preemptive war policy and peaceful means.
U.N. members to act now or stand con- perceived attack on Pakistan cannot be
demned as accomplices of aggression, in justified under any form of established Chapter VI of the U.N. Charter, “Pacific
defiance of both the clear language of the law. Settlement of Disputes,” requires coun-
U.N. Charter and the desires of the vast tries to “first of all, seek a resolution by
majority of the world’s people and further Article VI of the U.S. Constitution estab- negotiation, enquiry, mediation, con-
consider the following resolution in favor of lishes that ratified treaties, such as the ciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,
humanity. U.N. Charter, are the “supreme law of resort to regional agencies or arrange-
the land.” ments, or other peaceful means of their
Final Transcript of Idea own choice.”
The Article 1 of the U.N. Charter estab-
based on collaborative lishes: No Resolution by the U.N. Security
input - The Resolution Council can Legalize a Preemptive War
“The purposes of the United Nations or First Strike Plan
Launched on 27th of December are. . . To maintain international peace
and sovereignty, and to that end: to take Responsibility for War Crimes
India’s preemptive war policy is a war effective collective measures for the
based on immaterial evidence. Under prevention and removals of threats to Neither Indian Congress nor their
international law and centuries of com- the peace, and for the suppression of President has the right to engage the
mon legal usage, a preemptive war may acts of aggression or other breaches of India in a war of aggression and any vote
be justified as an act of self defense only the peace and to bring about by peace- of endorsement, far from legalizing or
where there exists a genuine and im- ful means, and in conformity with the legitimizing south Asian war plans, serves
minent threat of physical attack. principles of justice and international only as ratification of war crimes. Under
law, adjustment or settlement of interna- the principles of universal accountability
India’s preemptive war against Pakistan tional disputes or situations which might established at Nuremberg, “The fact that
doesn’t even purport to preempt a lead to a breach of the peace. . . .” a person who committed an act which
physical attack. It purports to preempt a constitutes a crime under international
threat that is neither issued nor posed. Article 2 states that all member states law acted as Head of State or responsi-
Pakistan is not issuing threats of at- “shall act in accordance with the follow- ble Government official does not relieve
tack against the India. It is only the India ing Principles: “ him from responsibility under interna-
which threatens war. tional law.”
“…All members shall settle their inter-
The Indian Administration turns logic national disputes by peaceful means in Taking to the Streets
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As the India moves at breakneck pace in central role in restoring peace and secu- partial philosophy without compromise.
execution of its stated policy of South rity in Neighboring Countries and South Binding it will create will be the ultimate
Asian domination and overt military Asia as whole. binding upon all systems and nations
interventions, the need for the people to following one set of rules and regula-
take action is urgent. If the Security Council, because of lack tions established by natural law. This will
of unanimity of the permanent members, also take care of norms and notions to
Indian Congress will not stop this policy fails to act with respect to the following be treated as cohesive whole in a unified
of aggressive warfare and regional domi- matters relating to international peace system.
nation. Many in Congress are well served and security,
with the tithing of the political profits B) For the Legislative Strategy to be
and their corporate sponsors who see * then we call upon all Member States effective, it is necessary to establish an
Indian military domination as a way to of the United Nations to immediately inference for the jurisdiction of occur-
enforce their interests in the region. convene an Emergency Meeting of the rence (Incident, Happening) or occur-
General Assembly, under the provisions rences in between time and space con-
When law will not restrain the govern- of General Assembly Resolution 377 (V), sidering time as occurrence and space as
ment, the people must. Indians must take Uniting for Peace, to act. time of occurrence.
to the streets in mass numbers in organ-
ized and spontaneous acts of resistance. Illegality of Preventive and Preemp- C) To an extent deemed necessary by
The message must be clearly conveyed tive War paragraph A and B of legislative strategy,
that if the Indian Administration refuses new world order shall witness transna-
to be accountable to India, domestic law, * To declare that preventive and tionalisation of nations constituting one
to the U.N. Charter, to international law, preemptive war — as advocated and land, one people governed by one Law
to all known standards of just conduct, practiced by the Indian Administration against terrorism.
then the people of conscience within the violate international law and the princi-
India will rise up to demand accountabil- ples and Charter of the United Nations; Defensive Strategy
ity. And the message must be sent that and
the people of the India will not allow the * to impose sanctions against coun- A) The first obligation after acceptance
Indian Administration to spend the blood tries that wage preventive war. of common law is the repulsion of the
of the people of the India and the people enemy aggressor who assaults and tries
of Pakistan who are not our enemies, in Peace and Security in the South uncertainty in governed region.
a needless war. Asia
B) Establishment, training and mobiliza-
AND * To resolve that, as a matter of urgent tion of one force to protect habitants
priority, the South Asia should be estab- of universal federation under universal
* deplore the perceived invasion of lished as a zone of peace respecting the agreed law.
Pakistan by Indian forces as an act of sovereignty of all states, and the rights
aggression in violation of the United Na- and dignity of all persons, including the C) Active aggression to put obstacles in
tions Charter and international law; right to self-determination and all forms the way of terrorist squads and disrupt
* Deeply concerned by the Security of religious belief and expression; and to their attempts to launch terror attacks.
Council’s failure to condemn the per- consider formation of an independent
ceived invasion of Pakistan; body constituting at least three strate- Offensive Strategy
* Further concerned about threats gies as under:
and coercive efforts by the India to influ- A) Under the visibility of defensive
ence the votes of others — in disregard Legislative Strategy strategy, if someone transgresses beyond
of clear expressions of popular will and the norms of defensive preventions then
the principles and the Charter of the A) Such strategy shall proclaim govern- alleged should be sentenced, ridiculed
United Nations — on a recent proposal ance of one justifiable and agreed law or shall face assault of any kind within
to invoke Resolution 377 (V) Uniting for under the charter of United Nations criteria of emergence caused.
Peace; whose purpose shall be to establish
* Call upon the Security Council to peace. Moreover, thinking of term
ensure that the United Nations plays a “peace” as independent, disjoint and im-
4 Evaluation
Now it is time to evaluate ideas in An evaluation matrix is an ideal The better the idea meets each cri-
order to determine which offer the initial evaluation tool. It includes terion, the higher its score. When a
most potential to your organisa- a set of criteria (five is best in our set of ideas is evaluated by a team
tion. experience) against which each of experts, you get a detailed score-
promising idea can be measured. card of the best ideas.
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5 Implementation
After the ideas campaign, it is important war. I want to assure the House and the suggested to the UN to constitute a spe-
to implement the creative ideas you people that we do not want war, but if cial body under which all countries could
generate. After all, creativity does not aggression is thrust on us, we will stand come together to fight terrorism”
become innovation until the ideas have united as a proud nation”
been implemented. Pakistan to establish anti-terror
Chief Minister Punjab, Mian Shah- authority
President of Pakistan, Asif Ali baz Sharif
Zardari Islamabad, IANS: Tariq Pervez, who has
“…defence of Pakistan is undefeated and just retired as the director general of the
ISLAMABAD, Dec 29 (APP): President no one can look at the country with evil Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), could
Asif Ali Zardari on Monday said that intentions…if Pakistan was not a nuclear head the new body, The News daily
Pakistan wants peace and stability in the power then India would have attacked reported Friday.
region and wants to promote friendly it…India is directly involved in the Ba-
ties with all its neighbours including India. lochistan events…Pakistan is an atomic “Pervez has been assigned the job of
The President was talking to the visiting power and the services of Zulfikar Ali preparing the concept, structure and
Special Envoy and Vice Foreign Minister Bhutto and Mian Nawaz Sharif in making mandate of the NCA so that it could
of China, Mr. He Yafei, who called on him Pakistan a nuclear power are com- serve the purpose for which it was being
here and exchanged views on the cur- mendable…whole world has tried to let established,” the newspaper said, quoting
rent situation in the region. Pakistan alone in the Mumbai attacks. If an official to add: “The primary objec-
India provides solid evidence then we tive of the NCA would be maximum
He, however, regretted that instead are ready to extend our fullest coopera- coordination among different tools and
of responding to Pakistan’s posi- tion to it.” agencies of the government engaged in
tive gestures,India had engaged in a counter-terrorism.”
blame‑game, which was counter‑produc- Shah Mehmood Qureshi
tive.
“I want to give a message to India that
The Chinese Vice Foreign Minister, who we are the torch-bearers of peace and
was accompanied by Lou Zhao Hui, remain committed to our desire for
Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan, stated peace”
that Chinese government was concerned
over the current tensions between India Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud
and Pakistan. Al‑Faisal Note: Mr. Imran Aziz is the first Pakistani
to propose the framework to combat
Prime Minister Pakistan, Syed Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud Terrorism non-violently to international
Yousaf Raza Gillani Al‑Faisal said “…that terrorists would community and was featured in Denver
like nothing better than sowing discord Post, USA. To know more about him
“We don’t want to get involved in a between countries…Saudi Arabia had check http://www.radf.org
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Respect & Opportunity for All
Engineers
Health Scientists
Educationists
Agriculturists
Government Policies
Policy Makers formation based on
collaborative research
Government
input from Universities
& Institutions.
Scientists
Industrialists
Economists
Businessmen
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