An introduction to EMTP-RV

August 2012
The simulation of
power systems has
never been so easy!
Power system simulation tools
Short circuit calculation :
CYME 5.0 (CYMFAULT), ETAP
Calculations based on sequence data
Suitable for high scale networks
Frequency range : 50/60 Hz
DC 50/60 Hz
Transient Stability programs :
Eurostag, PSS/E, DigSilent
Suitable for high scale networks
Simplified modeling of HVDC and
FACTS components
Frequency range : 0.1Hz 1kHz
Load-flow calculation :
CYME 5.0 (CYMFLOW), ETAP, PSLF,
Calculation on 3-phase networks
Mainly on balanced networks
Frequency range : 50/60 Hz
kHz, MHz
EMTP type programs :
EMTP-RV, ATP, PSCAD, SimPowerSystems
Not suitable for high scale networks
Detailed modeling of equipments
Frequency range : 0.1 Hz MHz
All software can handle transient study related to
electromechanical time constants but EMTP-RV can
handle electromagnetics time constant which are
significantly smaller (faster transients).
EMTP-RV, the Restructured Version

Written from scratch using mostly Fortran-95 in Microsoft Visual Studio

environment.
Include all the EMTP96 functionalities and much more:
3-phase unbalanced load-flow
Scriptable user interface
New models : machines, nonlinear elements
No topological restrictions

New numerical analysis methods :

Newton-raphson solution method for nonlinear models
New three-phase load-flow
Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications
Open architecture coding that allows users customization (ex : connection
with user defined DLL)
EMTP-RV benefits:
Robust simulation engine
Easy-to-use, drag and drop
interface
Unmatched ease of use
Superior modeling flexibility
Customizable to your needs
Competitive pricing
Customizable to your needs

Superior modeling flexibility

Cant find exactly what youre looking for in the device library? Simply
add your own user-defined device.

Scripting techniques provide the ability to externally program device

data forms and generate the required Netlists. A symbol editor is used
to modify and customize device drawings. Scripting techniques are also
used for parametric studies.

EMTPWorks also lets the user define any number of subcircuits to create
hierarchical designs.a
The software package

EMTP-RV Package includes:

EMTP-RV : computational engine

With EMTP-RV, complex problems become simple to work out.

A powerful and super-fast computational engine that provides significantly improved solution methods for
nonlinear models, control systems, and user-defined models. The engine features a plug-in model interface,
allowing users to add their own models.

EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface

EMTPWorks, the user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface, provides top-level access to EMTP-RV
simulation methods and models.
EMTPWorks sends design data into EMTP-RV, starts EMTP-RV and retrieves simulation results.
An advanced, yet easy-to-use graphical user interface that maximizes the capabilities of the underlying EMTP-
RV engine. EMTPWorks offers drag-and-drop convenience that lets users quickly design, modify and simulate
electric power systems. A drawing canvas and the ability to externally program device data allows users to
fully customize simulations to their needs. EMTPWorks can be used for small systems or very large-scale
systems.

ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis

ScopeView displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.
With EMTPWorks, users can dramatically reduce the time required to setup a study in EMTP-RV.
Key features

EMTP-RV Key features

- The reference in transients simulation

- Solution for large networks

- Provide detailed modeling of the network component including control, linear and non-linear
elements

- Open architecture coding that allows users customization and implementation of sophisticated model

- New steady-state solution with harmonics

- New three-phase load-flow

- Automatic initialization from steady-state solution

- New capability for solving detailed semiconductor models

- Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications

The GUI key features

EMTPWorks Key features

Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows

Powerful and intuitive interface for creating sophisticated Electrical networks

Drag and drop device selection approach with simple connectivity methods

Both devices and signals are objects with attributes. A drawing canvas is given the ability to create objects
and customized attributes

Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported

Advanced features for creating and maintaining very large to extremely large networks

Large number of subnetwork creation options including automatic subnetwork creation and pin positioning.
Unlimited subnetwork nesting level

Options for creating advanced subnetwork masks

Multipage design methods

Library maintenance and device updating methods

EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface
EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface

Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows

Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported
Large collection of scripts for modifying and/or updating almost anything appearing on the GUI

5 PLOT
x 10

4 Substation_A/m1a@vn@1
Substation_A/m1b@vn@1
Substation_A/m1c@vn@1
3

0
y

-1

-2

-3

-4

6 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.1
time (s)
ScopeView
ScopeView is a data acquisition and signal processing software adapted very well for
visualisation and analysis of EMTP-RV results.
It may be used to simultaneously load, view and process data from applications such
as EMTP-RV, MATLAB and Comtrade format files.

Multi-source data importation Cursor region information

ScopeView

Function editor of ScopeView Typical mathematical post-processing

A versatile program
EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety
of power system studies, whether
they relate to project design and
engineering, or to solving problems
and unexplained failures.

EMTP-RV offers a wide variety of

modeling capabilities encompassing
electromagnetic and
electromechanical oscillations
ranging in duration from
microseconds to seconds.
A powerful power system simulation software

EMTP-RVs benefits are:

Unmatched ease of use

Superior modeling flexibility

Customizable to your needs

Dynamic development road-map

Prompt and effective technical support

Reactive sales teams

A powerful power system simulation software

EMTP-RVs strengths:
EMTP-RV version 2.4 new features:

New and advanced HVDC models, including MMC-HVDC

New wind generator models, including average-value model
New control system diagram DLL capability
New Simulink/Real-time Workshop interface DLL
EMTP-RV version 2.4 improvements:
Workshop interface DLL

Improvements in synchronous machine model including a new black start option

Improvements in the asynchronous machine model

Capability to solve multiple frequency load-flow

Improved documentation and various other improvements

New application examples

Power system studies

EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system

studies including and not limited to:
Power system design Complete network analysis
Power system stability & load modeling Ferroresonance
Control system design Steady-sate analysis of unbalanced system
Motor starting Distribution networks and distributed generation
Power electronics and FACTS Power system dynamic and load modeling
HVDC networks Subsynchronous resonance and shaft stresses
Lighting surges Power system protection issues
Switching surges General control system design
Temporary overvoltages Power quality issues
Insulation coordination Capacitor bank switching
And much more!
A versatile program

Complete system studies:

Load-flow solution and initialization of synchronous machines

Temporary overvoltages to network islanding
Ferroresonance and harmonic resonance
Selection and usage of arresters
Fault transients
Statistical analysis of overvoltages
Electromechanical transients
Applications

Power system design

Power systems protection issues
Network analysis: network separation, power quality, geomagnetic
storms, interaction between compensation and control components, wind
generation
Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale (unlimited size)
electrical systems
Simulation and analysis of power system transients: lightning,
switching, temporary conditions
General purpose circuit analysis: wideband, from load-flow to steady-
state to time-domain (Steady-state analysis of unbalanced systems)
Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control
Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design,
wideband line and cable models
Applications

Power Electronics and FACTS (HVDC, SVC, VSC, TCSC, etc.)

Multiterminal HVDC systems
Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit conditions,
network interaction
Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching,
design, wideband line and cable models
Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping, delayed-
current zero conditions, arc interaction
Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems, surge arrester
influences
Temporary overvoltages
Capacitor bank switching
Series and shunt resonances
Detailed transient stability analysis
Unbalanced distribution networks
Simulation options
Load-flow
Steady-state
Time-domain
Frequency scan
Simulation options

Load-Flow solution
The electrical network equations are solved using complex phasors.
The active (source) devices are only the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices).
A load device is used to enter PQ load constraint equations.
Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are achievable in this
version. The solution frequency is specified by Default Power Frequency
and used in passive network lumped model calculations.
The same network used for transient simulations can be used in load-
flow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow solution can work with multiphase
and unbalanced networks.
The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.
This simulation option stops and creates a solution file (Load-Flow
solution data file). The solution file can be loaded for automatically
initializing anyone of the following solution methods.
Simulation options

Steady-state solution

The electrical network equations are solved using complex numbers. This
option can be used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing the time-
domain solution.
A harmonic steady-state solution can be achieved.
The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.
Some nonlinear devices are linearized or disconnected. All devices have a
specific steady-state model.
The steady-state solution is performed if at least one power source
device has a start time (activation time) lower than 0.
Simulation options

Time-domain solution

The electrical network and control system equations are solved using a
numerical integration technique.
All nonlinear devices are solved simultaneously with network equations.
A Newton method is used when nonlinear devices exist.
The solution can optionally start from the steady-state solution for
initializing the network variables and achieving quick steady-state
conditions in time-domain waveforms.
The steady-state conditions provide the solution for the time-point t=0.
The user can also optionally manually initialize state-variables.
Simulation options

Frequency scan solution

This option is separate from the two previous options. All source
frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and the
network steady-state solution is found at each frequency.
Build-in libraries and
Standard models
available in EMTP-RV
Built-in librairies
EQUIPMENT FEATURES
advanced.clf Provides a set of advanced power electronic devices

Provides special devices, such as page connectors. The port devices are normally created using the menu
Pseudo Devices.clf Option>Subcircuit>New Port Connector, they are available in this library for advanced users.

RLC branches.clf Provides a set of RLC type power devices. .

Work.clf This is an empty library accessible to users

control.clf The list of primitive control devices.

control devices of
TACS.clf This control library is provided for transition from EMTP-V3. It imitates EMTP-V3 TACS functions.

control functions.clf Various control system functions.

control of machies.clf Exciter devices for power system machines.

flip flops.clf A set of flip-flop functions for control systems.

hvdc.clf Collection of dc bridge control functions. Documentation is available in the subcircuit.

lines.clf Transmission lines and cables.

machines.clf Rotating machines.

Various measurement functions, including sensors for interfacing control device signals with power device
meters.clf signals.

meters periodic.clf Meters for periodic functions.

nonlinear.clf Various nonlinear electrical devices.

options.clf EMTP Simulation options, plot functions and other data management functions.

phasors.clf Control functions for manipulating phasors.

sources.clf Power sources.

switches.clf Switching devices.

symbols.clf These are only useful drawing symbols, no pins.

transformations.clf Mathematical transformations used in control systems.

transformers.clf Power system transformers.

Standard models

Library Models

R, L, C branches
PI circuits
RLC branches
Loads
State space block
Gain, constant
Integral, derivative
Limiter,
Sum
Control
Selector
Delay
State-space block
PLL
IEEE excitation systems
Control of Machines
Governor / turbine
Flip flops Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T
CP (distributed parameters)
FD (=CP + frequency dependence)
Lines FDQ (=FD for cables)
WB (phase domain)
Corona
Standard models

Library Models

Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor)

Synchronous Machine
Machines Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
DC machine
2-phase machine

Meters Current, voltage, power meters

Meters periodic RMS meters and sequence meters

Non linear resistance

Non linear inductance
Nonlinear Hysteresis reactor
ZnO arrester
SiC arrester
AC, DC voltage sources
AC, DC current sources
Sources Lightning inpulse current source
Current and voltage controlled sources
Load-flow bus

3 08/06/2014
1
Standard models

Library Models

Ideal switch
Diode
Switches
Thyristor
Air gap
3-phase <-> sequence
Transformations
3-phase <-> dq0
Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD
Topological models : TOPMAG
Transformateurs
Impedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEG
Frequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT
Variable load
Advanced SVC
STATCOM
Built-in librairy of examples

Easily find what youre looking for by browsing or using a simple index.
 Typical designs

Modeling Electrical
Systems with EMTP-RV
 A B C D E F G H I J K L

Insulation Coordination of a 765 kV GIS

1 Simulation 1
options

- Backflashover Case
- Impulse Footing Resistance of the stricken MPLOT I/O FILES

Tower may be represented by Ri = f(I)

- Usage of ZnO model based on IEEE SPD WG
200 kA 3/100 us - Frequency-Dependant Line modeling foudre_30km_ex2.lin foudre_300m_ex1.lin

2 Lightning Stroke 2

LINE DATA LINE DATA

LIGHTNING_STROKE model in: foudre_30km_ex2_rv.pun model in: foudre_300m_ex1_rv.pun

Network 765 kV Line Air-Insulated Substation Gas-Insulated Substation Air-Insulated Substation ?v

Tower_top + VM
+ VM ?v Trans_c

SOURCE_NETWORK ?v
3 BUS_NET + VM 3
Trans_b
?v/?v/?v
Open Circuit-Breaker
+

?v
+ VM

a + a + VM
+ + + bushing a +
735kV /_0 b + b ?v Trans_a
CB_a + b +
c + c
VM +
?v c +
CB_b +

+
cond_c VM +
VM + ?v 1M
30 km 300 m ?v
300 m CB_c
VM + +

+
1M

+
1M

25 m

+
?i +

?i
4 4

?i +
L10
L2
+

L11
?i

?i
TOWER1 TOWER2 TOWER3

+
48 m 52 m

?i
L1

L3
Part=TOWER_model15_1 Part=TOWER_model15_f Part=TOWER_model1ohm

To eliminate

L12
+
+
+
C2

+
+ +

undesirable reflexions
+ +
C1 C3 4nF

+
+ +

+
48 52

+
+
4nF

+
4nF

+
0.1nF

+
5 0.1nF 5

Gas-filled 0.1nF

Gas-filled Power
CVT 588 kV Zno Bushing Inductive VT 588 kV Zno
Bushing Transformer

A B C D E F G H I J K L
 A B C D E F G H

1 1

Field Recording EMTP-RV Simulation Validation of the Secondary Arc

(10-08-1986) (05-22-2005) M odel with IREQ Laboratory Tests

2 2
R2
+
300
RL1 ?i
SW1
+ +
0.7,13Ohm 100ms /200ms /0

+
C2
1.60uF

Secondary arc
+ DEV1

3 3

+
C3
1.05uF
-

+
Sec _ARC_a
0.2 R3 0.2 R1
66.4k VRMS /_0 AC1

4 4

Primary Arc: 5 kA eff

Secondary Arc: 40 A
Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h
Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.
315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
5 5

I/O FILES

A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P

1 1

Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor I/O FILES

2 State of the art simulation introducing: 2

- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account

the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;
- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known
Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations.
3 3

4 4

+
+ 0. 5
1. 6nF 0. 5 1. 6nF

+ + + +
1uH 1uH

DEV1 DEV2 BUS24

BUS23 Sim plifie d Arc M ode l Simplifie d Arc M ode l

ba s e d on ba s e d on

0. 375nF
M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions M a y r' s & Cas s ies e qua tions
a in ou t in ou t a
+

0. 75nF
CB_ARC_a CB_ARC_a

+
5 0. 05nF C8 5
+ +
+ 0. 5
350

Line
R12 1. 6nF 0. 5 1. 6nF

+ + + +

0. 75nF
m+1V M

+
1uH 1uH
3000 ?v

+
65 m DEV3 DEV4 20 m +

Sim plifie d Arc M ode l Simplifie d Arc M ode l

b
c
R10 +
+ + ba s e d on ba s e d on

0. 375nF
+ +
M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions M a y r' s & Cas s ies e qua tions

+
0. 8 30m H 25uH

+
10
b in ou t in ou t b
+

0. 75nF
+
+
CB_ARC_a CB_ARC_a

+
0. 05nF C9

200k
1. 15nF
+
6 6
+

+
AC1
+

+ 0. 5

0. 75nF
Line CVT
200nF 0. 5

b
4nF C13 1. 6nF 1. 6nF
+ +

c
+ +

+
405kVRM SLL / _- 30
1uH 1uH +

+
C11

+
4nF
DEV5 DEV6

+
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l Simplifie d Arc M ode l

200k
ba s e d on ba s e d on 1. 15nF

M a y r's & Ca s s ies e qua tions M a y r' s & Cas s ies e qua tions
c in ou t in ou t c

CB_ARC_a CB_ARC_a

+
0. 05nF C10

7 7

Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor

8 8

Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor

F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H

For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:

9 Xac=Xca= 9 Ohms 9
g = 12 mm Xba=Xbc=7 Ohms
Xab=14 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
2900 mm Xcc=1741 Ohms

1 x 2x
For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m: 1
0 x= 710 mm 0

Xac=Xca= 54 Ohms
Xba=Xbc=42 Ohms
Xab=84 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xcc=1741 Ohms

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M

av r_gov ernor_pu
AVR&Gov

AVR&Gov

AVR&Gov
AVR_Gov _7

AVR_Gov _6

AVR_Gov _5
(pu)

(pu)

(pu)
Out

Out

Out
DEV6

IN

IN

IN
+/- 30 MVARS
1

STATCOM 40 M W 520 M W
1

SM 5 Large Gen.-Load Center

P
p4

SM

SM

SM
SM 7 1 3 .8 k V SM 6 1 3 .8 k V
Q_ Sta t_ 3 0 1 3 .8 k V AVR_ Go v _ 1 0
5 5 0 M VA 2 0 0 M VA

Q
s c ope 5 0 M VA

132 M W
Sq Ca g e _ 1

AVR&Gov
?m

?m

?m
60 Hz only
4 x (10 X 2 MW) 2 1 m _ 6 9 k V_ wi n d

(pu)
ASM S + + VM

Out
IN
induc. machine
? v /? v /? v Np, Nq
0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m Kp, Kq
6 9 /3 .3

1
Pt_ wi n d Ge n 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 1 3 .8 /2 3 0 Va ,Vb ,Vc

pf 0.85
s c ope DEV1

2
9000 M W
2 1 Z Ds
it
ASM S + Qt_ Wi n d Ge n

SM
R4 s c ope
2 0 .0 4 ,0 .2 Oh m BUS9 SM 1 0 2
45 M W
6 9 /3 .3 + M W,M X,PF
BUS7 BUS5
50 Yg Yg _ n p 4 DEV3 230k V

77 M W WIND

?m
8250 M W
2 1 RL 1 P Q 2 1

MW,MX,PF
+ 1 2 0 0 0 M VA
ASM S + p6

-1/1E15/0

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only
0 .2 ,1 Oh m

IM GENERATION
6 9 /3 .3 2 3 0 /7 1

Np, Nq
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ASM S +

it
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Z Ds
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
6 9 /3 .3 0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m Q_ Va r_ s p e e d
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0

2.2Ohm
s c ope
Sq Ca g e _ 4 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0

+
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s c ope M W,M X,PF
1 4 4 .8

p7

P
P_ Va r_ s p e e d
1 3 .8 k V AVR&Gov

CP
+
3 Z Ds
it 2 0 0 M VA (pu) 3

+
80
1 R3 IN 80

3 x 1M W Doubly-fed

69/0.69
Va ,Vb ,Vc

CP2
1
SM

CP2
240 M W
?i
v 2 Np, Nq
Kp, Kq ?m
Ou t
Yg Yg _ n p 5

with PWM controller

1
DEV4
SM 9
1 3 .8 /2 3 0 AVR_ Go v _ 9 5 /5 .1 /0
60 Hz only

2
5 /5 .1 /0

(Variable speed)
290 BUS1 1 E1 5 /1 e 1 5 /0

+
162 M W

CP2

+
50

+
CP

+
v 1 R5
?i

180 M W
4 4

193.1
M W,M X,PF

+
2
6 9 /2 2 5

CP

SVC_1
DEV2

+/- 150 M X
Z Ds
it
DEV5

1
it
Z Ds
Va ,Vb ,Vc

60 Hz only
m _ Su b s _ B_ 2 3 0 k V

900 M W SVC
Np, Nq C L
+ VM Kp, Kq

Va,Vb,Vc
-1/1E15/0

MW,MX,PF
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
? v /? v /? v

+
SW6
60 Hz only 110

CP2
48uF 48uF
1 3 .8 k V + +
AVR&Gov
5 (pu)
1 2 5 M VA 5

3
2

2
IN
1 2
SM 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
?m 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
Ou t
1 3 .8 /2 3 0

1
SM 8
AVR_ Go v _ 8
2 x 240 M W
1300 M W 76 M W s c ope Pt
1 3 .8 k V s c ope Qt
AVR_ Go v _ 1 4 0 0 M VA

P
200 M W

p1
Q_ Ex c h

p2
Ou t ?m m _Load_230k V s c ope

Q
6 5 0 0 /1 3 .8 /1 3 .8 6
5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0

Q
SM
2
280 km 40% 220 km 2
+ VM
?v s c ope

P
IN 15uF P_ Ex c h

+
SM 1 1 1
AVR&Gov + +
(pu)

+
Ou t -1 /1 E1 5 /0
?m

+
3 Se r_ C_ 1 3
AVR_ Go v _ 2 SM In 1 Ou t1 96uF
In 1 Ou t1
IN Su b s ta ti o n _ B Su b s ta ti o n _ C
Su b s ta ti o n _ A
SM 2
AVR_ Go v _ 3 AVR&Gov

1600 M W
(pu)

1
In 2 Ou t2
Ou t In 2 Ou t2
?m
40% 220 km
2 3 0 /2 6 .4

?
140 km 140 km
2 0 .0 1 3

2
SM 2

240 M X
1 0 .2 2 Oh m
1 +
IN SM 3
+ +
AVR&Gov
7 (pu)
+
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 Se r_ C_ 2 3
7

+
Ou t ?m 3 5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0 96uF

+
AVR_ Go v _ 4 SM 1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0

+
+/- 400 M vars
P_ L o a d

P
IN 2000uF
SM 4 s c ope
AVR&Gov Q_ L o a d

Q
+
p3
+

(pu) s c ope

STATCOM
0 .3 u F 0 .0 5 u F
pF=88%

+
1 R1
?i

i n Substation B

+
8 8

M W,M X,PF

1
I/O FIL ES M W,M X,PF M W,M X,PF
2 5 .5 /1 2 2 5 .5 /6 .6

2
Va ,Vb ,Vc
Si m u l a ti o n 12k V 6 .6 k V Va ,Vb ,Vc Va ,Vb ,Vc
o p ti o n s 3 8 5 .M VA 7 7 0 .M VA Np, Nq 2 .2 6 3
Kp, Kq Np, Nq Np, Nq

+
?m Kp, Kq Kp, Kq

S
+
+
3700uF

ASM

ASM
1 4 1 0 .u F
60 Hz only 60 Hz only 60 Hz only
?m
Fl u o _ l i g h t
9 L a rg e _ i n d Sm a l l _ i n d In c a n _ l i g h t Co l o r_ Tv R2 9
15% 30% 20% 10% 5% 20%

1560 M W Res.-Com.-Ind. Load

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
 A B C D E F

Windmill Power Generation - Realistic Wind Data;

- Realistic DFIG Modeling;
1
In a weak Power System - Realistic Network & Load Models
1

- Realistic Harmonic Distorsions &

Dynamic Performances

12 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed
with PWM controller
2 (Variable Speed)
20 MW 2
WIND2
P_Gr2
scope
v Delay
Q_Gr_2
!h
scope

P Q
p3 5 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed
15 MW 50/60 Hz with PWM controller
DFIG_2

Np,Nq
69/0.69
(Variable Speed)
11 MW
Kp,Kq 2

3
VLOADg1 Va,Vb,Vc LL-g 6 cycles fault
SW1
1
Y gD_4
8 MW WIND1
3
Z Dist +
+ ?i

1
P_netw 5/5.1/0 Q_Gr1 v
scope scope
5/5.1/0
Q_netw MW,MX,PF 69/0.69 P_Gr1
scope + 1E15/1E15/0 scope
+
+ 100 Y gD_3
30
0.4k P Q Q P
+ p1 + + p2
+
+

2
4 32Ohm
69kV /_0 DFIG_1

+
+

+
40nF 40nF
1uF 5nF 5nF
m1
1 C4 C3
69/13.8 Y gD_2 + VM

4
Weak Local 69 kV 2
1
Y gD_1
?v MPLOT
4
69/6.6
Network (150 MVA) ?m
2

8 MW 0.1
SM

1Ohm

6.5 MW SM1
13.8kV
10MVA
MW,MX,PF
in

ASM1
out

S
Va,Vb,Vc
AVR

ASM
+
VLOAD2
AVR_SM1 170uF
5 Np,Nq 5
Kp,Kq

?m
6.6kV 50/60 Hz
5000hp

Small Industrial load

I/O FILES

A B C D E F
 A B C D E F G H

Insulation Coordination of a 150 kV GIS

1 1
T15 T25

0.1nF

0.1nF
+

+
BB1
+ CP + CP + CP + CP + CP + CP
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
BB2
+ CP + CP + CP + CP + CP + CP
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Q1
Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1
Q2

+
+

+
+

+
2 2

2.3
m6

CP
+VM
?v

CB

+
Q2
CB CB

+
1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75
CB CB CB CB

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP
+
+

+
1.6
CP
T1

T1

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6
T1 T1 T1

CP

CP

CP

CP
1.6

1.6
Backflashover at 300 m from the substation T1 T1

CP

CP
0.1nF 0.1nF 0.1nF
on the 4th connected 150 kV line

+
3 3

+
+ L1 L2 + +
+ + m2
T5 +VM T5 T5
3uH 3uH ?v

+
ZnO +

ZnO +
11.1

10.6

17.4
ZnO2 ZnO3

CP

CP

CP
280000
R2
20

?i

?i
+

MCOV=112 kV

+
DEV6 MCOV=112 kV
+

m3

3850

3850
m1 +VM

CP

CP

3000
+VM
?v

CP
Tower ?v

+
2nF TRANS2 2nF TRANS3

+
TRANS1
CP

30

4 2nF 4
m5
+VM
?v CABLE1 CABLE2 CABLE3

R3
GW GW
+
450 + CP
?vi>S

300
+

g1
R4 m4
+ +VM
+ CP
450 300 ?v
+
3uH

L3

R1 reference
+
150
5 m m m 5
ZnO +

1 1 1
+

ZnO1 . . .
280000

AC1 MCOV=112 kV 2.9335cm 1 1 1

170kVRMSLL /_180
2.6225cm
?i

1.254cm

three 150 kV lines

0.25m

0.50m
6 6
A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

1 TRV STUDY AT A 345 kV SUBSTATION P=-491.5MW

1

Q=37.4MVAR
Vsine_z:VwZ3
LF
LF3
Phase:0
0.99/_-1.0

UNIT 1
+
+ FD R8 VwZ3
View Steady -State +

806.5 MVA 788 900

279171.940927 /_-5

+
+

30
279171.940927 /_-125
20136 /_-12 279171.940927 /_115
20136 /_-132 0.1nF

+
2 29.75 29.75 29.75 29.75 22.8 kV Delta PQbus:LF3 2
20136 /_108 + + + +
PVbus:LF6 345/1.732 kV Yn

+
55'
61 55' 50nF

150'
+ +
+ + + + s184 1.00/_3.5 + +
LV HV +

+
0.00119
VwZ6 0.02975Ohm 0.02975Ohm 0.02975Ohm 0.02975Ohm 450'
DEV3

CCPD

+
LF 0.1nF
CCPD

+
+

LF6 25nF f=8.77 kHz

2500 R24
P=676MW
25nF 25nF 25nF
R5-7
+
R6-7
7.5nF +
V=23.712kVRMSLL

(3)
s184a

+
Vsine_z:VwZ6 Phase:0 7.5nF
3 150' 3
+
+ + +

33' 33' 33'

110'
+
CB_2DISC CB_2DISC

+
(4)
1.00/_3.5

150'

150'
R1-5 R1-11 R6-11
4 4

+ + + + + +

33' 33' 33' 33' 33' 33'

CB_2DISC CB_2DISC CB_2DISC

75'
Start & Standby Xformers

90'
+
300' 110'
+

150'
+ +

+
450'

+
2nF C15

R2A-12 113

75'
R2A-5 R6-12

+
0.1nF
5 5
+

+
0.1nF

+ + + + + +

33' 33' 33' 33' 33' 33'

+
CB_2DISC CB_2DISC CB_2DISC
Start & Standby Xformers

UNIT 2 + + +

110'
+
450' 55' 90'

+
2nF C13
1110 M VA

90'
P=850MW
0.1nF
V=23.712kVRMSLL
6 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.1
6
s155a
Vsine_z:VwZ2

220'
LF + + + +

220'
LF2
CCPD +

+
Phase:0
DEV19 1.nF 345/161 kV

1
300' +
+ + + +
Autotransformer
+ + s155
LV HV + + +
327.5/161/13.8
VwZ2 0.001124 0.0281Ohm 0.0281Ohm 0.0281Ohm 0.0281Ohm 7.5nF

+
450' 55'

+
2.5nF
Inductiv e VT

+
+

3
+
+

VM

19707 /_-12
23.9 kV Delta +
m3
?v

19707 /_-132 0.1nF 0.3nF

346.4/1.732 kV Yn +
+

19707 /_108 25nF 25nF 25nF 25nF 0.1uF

2500 R17 PVbus:LF2 150'

110'
+ 1.nF
+ + +
7 33' 33' 33' 7

+
CB_2DISC CB_2DISC

VM

VM
m2

m1
(1)
?v

?v
R2G-5 R2G-6
1.03/_0.8

(2)

FD

15.81

17.85
CP

CP
8 8

1.nF
P=-204.9MW

1.nF
Q=-29MVAR
Vsine_z:VwZ4

+
LF

+
2 LF4

+
1 1.01/_0.3
Phase:0
0.99/_0.0
+
27.39MW VwZ4

LF
+ 11.01MVAR
3 R10
Slack: 343.27kVRMSLL/_0 345/161/15 0.1uF +
Vsine_z:VwZ5 + 450 1.3e+5 /_-12
1.3e+5 /_-132
345/161 kV

2.5nF
LF 1.3e+5 /_108

R6
9 LF5 PQbus:LF4 9

+
Three-Phase-to Ground Phase:0
Autotransformer

30
+
VwZ5
R9

Fault Location
+

+
1020 2.8e+5 /_-7

R5
2.8e+5 /_-127

+
2.8e+5 /_113 50nF

30
Slack:LF5

+
50nF

1 1
0 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0
 A B C D E F G H I

Wind

200 MW Wind Farm Integration Study

1 1
DYg_10
2 1

0.69/34.5

DEV2

+
PI9
Wind v

RL
DYg_7
2 1
2 2
0.69/34.5

+/- 80 MVars SVC

+
PI8
Wind

RL
DYg_8
2 1

50/60 Hz SVC_1
Unique top 0.69/34.5
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
3 3
3x 1x Wind
Va,Vb,Vc
VLOAD1

+
2

PI7

RL
1 DYg_1

138 kV Network MW,MX,PF 2 1

0.69/34.5
2
AC1 + CP m1
RL1 50.00 1 +VM
Wind

+
+ ?v

PI1
+

RL
SW3 SW1
140kVRMSLL /_0
+ + 3

+
-1|1.1|0 +
50.00 CP -1|1.1|0 138/34.5/13.8 C2 PI4
4 DYg_2
4
?
+ DEV1
SW2 2 1
SW4 RL
+
+ 1.6|1.7|0 v
1.6|1.7|0
Wind
0.69/34.5

+
PI10
SW5

RL
+
1|1E15|0
1|1E15|0 Wind
DYg_4

+
1e15|1E15|0

PI2
1 2

RL
0.69/34.5 DYg_3
2 1
DEV3

5 v Wind 0.69/34.5 5

+
PI6
RL
Wind
DYg_5

+
PI3
1 2

RL
DYg_9
0.69/34.5
2 1

+
0.69/34.5

PI5
Wind

RL
6 6
DYg_6
1 2

0.69/34.5

A B C D E F G H I
 A B C D E F

1 Ferroresonance Study 1

P
scope hfit1
Q Ydyn

scope
5nF
+ i
3.4nF i

200 + jacobson_siemens_170mva_3.dat
+ model in: jacobson_siemens_170mva_2.hys
P Q RL1 Tr0_2 RL2
m1
+ + +A + +
?i 303.12kV + +
2 0.5,10Ohm
-1|50ms|5
p1 0.721,54.06Ohm 0.0001,0.0001Ohm
LV 2

+
VM +
1.227nF
HV

+
132.79

+
AC1 0.1uF + V1 +

m2
?v
1.15nF
0.054,2.68Ohm

+
+
Tr0 Y

+
303.11kVRMS /_0 66 Y I ?i Hyst2
I 4.025nF
?vipf Tertiary
V2

+
4.025nF
Dynamic Resistance Controller
scope
Modeling Eddy losses
scp3 scope Ydyn
sum1 scope
scp9
3 p2 loss1 Int1 Fm2
Ftb1 Gain1
Fm1
scp10 3
V1 v(t) 1
+ + 1 ABS 1 RECIP

-
p3 297.2 110000
V2 v(t)

Modeled Hysteresis Characteristic

at 1.0 &1.4 pu

4 4

Obtained HV Hysteresis
Characteristic at 1.0 & 1.4pu
(including Cap & Eddy losses)
5 5

6 6
Simulated Saturation Characteristic
Xm@1.0 pu = 300 kOhms (Air reactance of 45.8%)

Air reactance=44.3%@ 170 M VA

Vm2 rms in pu of 303.11 kV Im1 (rms) in pu of 170 MVA

1.2 0.021
1.3 0.180
1.4 0.406
7 7
A B C D E F
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P

1 1

Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor I/O FILES

2 State of the art simulation introducing: 2

- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account

the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;
- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known
3 Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations; 3

4 4

+
+
0 .5
1 .6 n F 0 .5 1 .6 n F
+ + + +
1u H 1 uH

DEV1 DEV2 BUS2 4

BUS2 3 Sim plified Ar c Model Sim plified Ar c Model

0 .3 75n F
based on based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations Mayr 's & Cassies equations
a a
in out in out +

0.7 5nF
CB_ ARC_ a CB_ ARC_ a

+
5 0 .0 5 n F C8 5
+ +
+
35 0 0 .5

Line
R1 2 1 .6 n F 0 .5 1 .6 n F

0 .75n F
+ + + + m1
+ VM

+
1u H 1 uH
3 00 0 ?v
20 m +
+
65 m DEV3
Sim plified Ar c Model
DEV4
Sim plified Ar c Model

b
c
R1 0

0 .3 75 nF
+
+ + + based on based on
+
0 .8 Mayr 's & Cassies equations Mayr 's & Cassies equations

+
30 m H 25 uH
+

b b
10 in out in out
+

0 .7 5n F
+

+
CB_ ARC_ a CB_ ARC_ a

+
0 .0 5 n F C9

2 00 k
1 .1 5 n F
+
+

6 AC1 + 6
+

0.75 nF
0 .5

+
Line CVT
2 00n F 1 .6 n F 1 .6 n F

b
4 nF C1 3 0 .5
+ +

a
+ +

c
+
4 0 5 k VRM SL L /_ -3 0 1u H 1 uH +

+
4nF C1 1

+
DEV5 DEV6

+
Sim plified Ar c Model Sim plified Ar c Model

20 0k
1 .1 5 n F
based on based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations Mayr 's & Cassies equations
c c
in out in out

CB_ ARC_ a CB_ ARC_ a

+
0 .0 5 n F C1 0

7 7

Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor

8 8

Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor

F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H

For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:

9
Xac=Xc a= 9 Ohms 9
g = 12 mm Xba=Xbc =7 Ohms
Xab=14 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xc c=1741 Ohms
2900 mm

For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m:

1 x 2x 1
0 x= 710 mm 0

Xac =Xca= 54 Ohms

Xba=Xbc =42 Ohms
Xab=84 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xc c =1741 Ohms

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
 A B C D E F G H

1 1

6
Validation of the Air gap leader
Model with CIGRE equation
x 10 PLOT

Vleader_3MV@vn@1

0 breakdown time

-0.5

The applied surge varies

-1
between -3 and -5M V

y
m2
-1.5 VM +
2 2
?v
-2

100
R
The leader length

+
-2.5 +
varies between 3 and 6m

Leader
AG
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

+
t (ms) -3
x 10 Vsurge
?v
-3060kV/-14000/-4166666

breakdown time definition

3 3

6
x 10 PLOT
0
Vleader@vn@1
Vsurge2@vb@1
-0.5
Length (m)
Voltage(MV) 3 4 5 6
-1
Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model
-1.5
3 1.2516 1.69 2.568 2.9 5.4155 4.8
4 0.6944 0.95 1.2516 1.58 2.1491 2.15 3.6902 3.1
-2 5 0.4622 0.69 0.7867 1.1 1.2516 1.3 1.9316 1.8
y

4
-2.5
breakdown time comparison in us 4
-3

-3.5

-4
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
t (ms)

A typical leader breakdown voltage Ref:

compared to the applied surge voltage 1- Shindo, Takatoshi; Suzuki, Toshio (CRIEPI) " New Calculation Method
5 of Breakdown Voltage-Time Characteristics of Long Air Gaps", 5
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-104, No. 6,
June 1985, pp 1556-1563.

I/O FILES 2- DARVENIZA(M.); POPOLANSKY (F.); WHITEHEAD (E.R.) "Lightning protection of

UHV transmission lines", CIGRE report 1975-41.

A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H
C4
sum3 DOUBLE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO
Imin Io_limit
c C5 + + sum2 f max=f o+df Suggested Test Sequences Model of HVDC Rectifier operating with weak ac system
0.3 Imax +
0.15
c DEV3 + DEV2 and bipolar 6-p dc system
s40 error fo
1.2 - + u out

Imin
1

Imax
C1 Description Amplitude Timing
1 Iref VDCL - Kp
-0.15 lim1
1
Iref C2 Ki Prepared by: V.K.Sood, sood.vijay@ireq.ca
c Io_lim f min=f o-df 1. Step Io -0.2 pu 300-500 ms
1.0 Vd_static
PI Date: May 2003
c 2. VDCL 1.0 pu 300-500 ms
Current Controller w ith VDCL PI Controller f req limits
Vd_dynamic Kp=0.35 0.35 3. BLOCK 1.0 pu 300-500 ms
set here Purpose: Teaching/Training of personnel on HVDC systems
Ki=0.35 C3 4. DCFault 1.0 pu 300-350 ms
V.K.Sood
Apply FR 0.75 pu 325-375ms
c 5. ACFault3 0.75 pu 300-400ms T ests possible:
id_rec 1 0.35
6. ACFault1 1.0 pu 300-400ms 1. Step change in Io
1600 id_rec_pu
7. FR 1.0 pu 300-400ms 2. Voltage Dependent Current Limit (VDCL)
DEV6
Scaling of Id freq_order 8. Step Frequency 25 Hz 300-400ms 3. Block/Deblock of firing pulses
PLL osc 1
vdcl_input 4. DC Line fault with protection & recovery sequence
freq_order 5. Three phase ac bus fault, with recovery sequence
pulse_train
2 Fault/Test Sequence Generator: freq_meas pulse_train 6. Single phase ac bus fault, high impedance, no protection 2
freq_meas V.K.Sood
Enter: amplitude and timing sequence 7. Forced retard of rectifier firing pulses
8. Step change in oscillator frequency
DEV5 scp1
vd_rec_pu scope
sg5 DEV4 Firing_Generator rec_star_firing
Step changes in Io f_m easure rec_star_pulses
Bridge_star
v (t) fa_in 1 F1
p1 v_pri_rec_a F1 F1
AC Filters fb_in f_out 2 2
Step_Io v_pri_rec_b F2 2
fc_in 3 3
v_pri_rec_c F3 3
sg6 V.K.Sood DEV1 F4 4 4 4
0.63,27.83mH,3.009uF pulse_train F5 5 5 5

RLC +

RLC +
Forced Retard Rectif ier Frequency Measurement Circuit
6 6

+
0.63,19.52mH,3.009uF vd_rec vd_rec_pu deblock F6 6
RLC7 4.573uF
RLC8 C6 1 F7
3 deblock 1 1 3
FR 2 MAX f(s) vac_rec vd_out F8 1

+
vac_rec 2 2

+
3 Fm1 fs1 vd_out F9 2
L3
82.6 Vdetector
R4 F10 3 3 3
sg8 3.846mH AC-DC Voltage Measurement Circuit F11 4 4 4
This is necessary f or f ast initialisation F12 5 5 5
V.K.Sood Bridge_delta 6 6 6
Fm8 scp2
scope
Startup Fm9
rec_delta_pulses
rec_bus RL1 rec_bus2
+
sg2 0.25,45mH
230kV /_60

AC2
+

BLOCK ?vi
dly1 YY2
4 1 2 6-pulse bridge R3 4
+
sg3
Delay
3-phase + +
350mH 2.5
s158
0.050 v (t) i(t)p2

+
rec_star_bus
1 Fm3 1,0.2814,1uF

RLC
R5 DC Fault

1000,0,0.1uF
2 230/205.45 vd_rec RLC2
+

1000,0,0.1uF
+ a

+
cSW4

RLC +
NOR

RLC1

RLC +
3 1 cSW1

RLC3
gates - id_rec

D1
VDCL 4 R6
+ + b m1 DCf ilter s123
sg7 3 Ph f ault 1
cSW2 + VM
R7

+
?v

R2
+ + c

0.1
1 cSW3 Rectifier
To Bipolar DC system 220kV DC1
ACFault3
YgD_2
+

1000,0,0.1uF
5 sg1
1k,0,0.1uF 1 2 6-pulse bridge GND 5

+
rec_delta_bus
RLC

RLC6
3-phase Inv erter

RLC
D2
R1
+

+ RLC
RLC4 + a RLC5
230/205.45
ACFault1 1 cSW5 1,0.2814,1uF
DC2
+

220kV
1 Ph f ault R8
sg4 L4 gates - 350mH
+ +
Recov ery f rom a dc f ault will require FR to be coordinated 250mH 2.5

DCFault

A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H

1 1

Field Recording EM TP-RV Simulation Validation of the Secondary Arc

(10-08-1986) (05-22-2005) Model with IREQ Laboratory Tests

2 2

R2
+
300
RL1 ?i SW1
+ +
0.7,13Ohm 100ms/200ms/0

+
C2
1.60uF

DEV1

Secondary arc
+
3 3

+
C3
1.05uF

Sec_ARC_a

+
66.4kVRMS /_0 AC1 0.2 R3 0.2 R1

4
Primary Arc: 5 kA eff 4

Secondary Arc: 40 A
Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h
Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.
315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
I/O FILES

5
Ref.: Kizilcay M ., Bn G., Prikler L., Handl P.: "Interaction 5

of the Secondary Arc with the Transmission System during

Single-Phase Autoreclosure" IEEE Bologna PowerTech
Conference, June 23-26, 2003
Bologna, Italy, Paper 471
A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H

1 1

Example of Synchronous/Asynchronous Machine Modeling

- Starting an 11000 hp motor at 1s with 5 induction machines
already in steady-state
- LL-g fault on the 120 kV bus with system islanding at 9 s
2
- System recovery by the governor system of the large SM until 30 s 2
- Case showing the good numerical stability of large number of machines in EMTP-RV
- Ref. (Motor): G. J. Rogers, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC2, No 4
Dec. 1987, pp. 622-628.
- Using variable output rate after 15 s of simulation.
Fault & System Islanding
3 at 9 s 3

scope

scope
Vnet
VM +
?v
MPLOT Simulation 13.8kV
I/O FILES P_net Q_net
options 500MVA
-1/9.15/0
DYg_SM2
Out ?m P Q Network
1 2 SW_Network ?i
AVR_Gov_SM2 +
SM +

+
Starting motor at 1 s

SW_Fault
+
Q_ASM1 P_ASM1 IN 13.8/122 120kV /_17

+
1

+
AVR&Gov

scope

scope
ASM1_control SM2 3
(pu)

+
+
S

1
0.2uF 1

+
1uF 120/26.4 9/9.15/0
Speed Tm C3 9/9.15/0 0.2uF
4 1E15/1E15/0 4

2
ASM1 YgD_1
YgYg_np2
Q P ?i 2 1 Equivalent 120 kV Network
ASM S +
? 0.1
?m SW_ASM1 25.5/6.6 1Ohm
1/1E15/0
+

1
6.6kV
11000hp 40uF
25.5/12
C4 YgYg_np1

+
2
380uF
C7

Induction motors in steady-state 12kV

40MVA
?m P Q
Load1
SM_load
420 MW Load

SM
5 5
+

240uF
S

S
ASM

ASM

ASM

ASM

ASM
ASM6

ASM5

ASM4

ASM3

ASM2

Pm
f(u) 1

Omega_1
SM_load_control
?m

?m

?m

?m

?m

6.6kV 6.6kV 6.6kV 6.6kV 6.6kV

11000hp 11000hp 11000hp 11000hp 11000hp

32 MW Synchronous Motor Load

A B C D E F G H
 A B C D E F G H

1 1

Operation of Tap Changers During a Voltage Dip

2 2

loss1
V_26kV_pu
loss2 1
V_230_pu scope
1
scope
21555
187771

3 3

+/- 10% of 230 kV +/- 15% of 26.4 kV

in 6 taps of 1.667% in 8 taps of 1.875%
Initial Tap at -2 Initial Tap at -2
Td0=10 s, Td inverse Td0=15 s, Td inverse
Deadband of 1% Deadband of 1.5%
OLTC_Control2
OLT C_Control1
Tap Vmeas
Slack: 500kVRMSLL/_0 Tap Vmeas
Vsine_z:VwZ1
4 rad mag V1 4
LF
LF1 YD_1
YgYgD_np1 rad mag V1
2 1 2
VwZ1 1.02/_-3.4 + PI1 1.01/_-44.9
1
+ PI

230/26.4
508kVRMSLL /_2
3
Transmission Line ?
508kVRMSLL /_-118 500/230/50 0.013
508kVRMSLL /_122 0.22Ohm
Slack:LF1
+

0.1uF C1 MW,MX,PF MW,MX,PF

SW1

5/50/0
+

Z Dist Z Dist I/O FILES

+

Va,Vb,Vc VLOADg1 Va,Vb,Vc

5 50 R1 5
VLOADg2 Np,Nq Np,Nq
Kp,Kq Kp,Kq

Creating a 5% Voltage Dip 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz

Duration of 45 sec. MPLOT

A B C D E F G H
 A B C D

ZnO Arrester model based on IEEE Surge Protective

1 Device Working Group 1

Simulation
options
- L1 (uH) = 15 d/n; R1 (Ohm) = 65 d/n
- L0 (uH) = 0.2 d/n; R0 (Ohm) = 100 d/n
- C0 (pF) = 100 n/d I/O FILES

d is the Height of the arrester and n is the number of parallel columns

2 2

Example of Modeling of an Ohio-Brass Zno Arrester for a 330 kV Network

MCOV= 209 kV
d=1.8 m, n=1

A0 & A1 Characteristics adjusted to get 516 kV for a 2 kA 45 us Switching Surge

then L1 adjusted to get 604 kV for a 10 kA 8/20 us Lightning surge
then checking for 10 kA 0.5 us front of wave 664.5 kV vs 665 kV from Ohio-Brass
FANTASTIC!!
3 3

m1
+ VM
?v
L0 L1
+ +
45 us 8 us 0.5 us
0.36uH 42uH
+ +
Isurge3 Isurge2 Isurge1
180 117
+

+
R0 R1
?i ?i ?i

ZnO +

ZnO +
4 516000 516000 4

+
0.0555nF C1

ZnO2 ZnO1
10.7kA/-70000/-4755000
24.9kA/-55000/-175000
2.95kA/-5000/-46500
model in: A0_1_Char.pun model in: A1_1_Char.pun
ZnO ZnO
Data function Data function
A1_1_Char.dat

5 5

A B C D
New example
New example
New example
New example
New example
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