Lidija Petrinovi

Dubravka Ciliga

BADMINTON
-reviewed teaching materials-

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, 2014.

Publisher:
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology

For the Publisher:

Prof. Damir Knjaz, PhD, Dean

Authors:
Prof. Dragan Milanovi, PhD

Peer-reviewers:
Prof. Miran Kondri, PhD, Faculty of Kinesiology University of Ljubljana
Prof. David Cabello, PhD, University of Granada

Edition:
1st Internet edition

URL: https://www.kif.unizg.hr/predmet/bad

Date of publication on the Internet: 14th March 2014

ISBN: 978-953-317-026-8

Available in the digital catalog of the National and University Library in Zagreb

Copyright 2013. University of Zagreb Faculty of Kinesiology. All rights reserved. Except for use in
a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopyng, and recording,
and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the
publisher.
The Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Commission for Science and Academic Literature and
Publishing,on its session held on February 15, 2012, reached the decision on approving the publication
of this book. Photographs from the archives of the journal Sportske novosti by kindness and
permission of Director General Mr. Janko Gole, or from the authors private collections.
 Lidija Petrinovi

Dubravka Ciliga

BADMINTON
reviewed teaching metarials

Zagreb, 2014.
 Contents:

1. Badminton Overview
2. Badminton History
3. Rules of Badminton
Court and court equipment
Shuttlecock
Racket
Scoring
Faults
Lets
Intervals
Service judge
Line judge
4. Badminton Technic
Footwork
Key concepts
Grip
Ready position
Net shots
Drives
Serves
Overhead hitting technic
Clear
Drop
Smash
5. Basic of badminton tactics
Singles
Doubles
6. Physical Training
7. Badminton in PE
Badminton in PE in Croatia
Multishuttle training
Safety tips for badminton lesson
Group menagement at the Badminton Class
Badminton in eary youth ages
Adapted sport
Competition structures
1st chapter:

Badminton Overview
 10.3.2014.

Badminton is one of the fastest sports with a

racket
The shuttlecock, often called the shuttle, may
have a speed over 300 km/h at the moment
of impact
Fu Haifeng 2005. smash - 332km/h
Tan Boon Heong 2009. smash - 421 km/h

Badminton is played worldwide

It is popular in:
Asian countries - China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Japan, India
Europe - Denmark, England, Germany

It is easy to learn at all ages groups easy for

sport recreation activities
PE
Sport for disabled
High level sport

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 10.3.2014.

Top badminton players have a high oxygen

consumption
60,5 ml/kg/min in men
49,3 ml/kg/min in women (Carlson, 1985)
Maximum heart rate
190,5 beats/min
averige of 173,5 beats/min during match (Cabello,
2003)
Mean maximum contrentation of lactate not
above 5 mmol/l (Abe, 1990)
3

M W MD WD XD
Average duration
41' 37' 43' 42' 44'
of the match
Longest match 79' 71' 62' 65' 76'
Shortest match 21' 13' 20' 20' 24'
The biggest
number of rallies 92 49 63 107 56
in one point
Longest played
105'' 60'' 67'' 100'' 62''
point
Average number
of shuttlecocks 19.7 6.9 16.8 13.1 15.0
per match

Statistics from Olympic Games - Beijing 2008.

2
2st chapter:

Badminton History
 10.3.2014.

Badminton history in short

China 3,000 years ago, images found on
pottery illustrating games like badminton
5th century BC, the Chinese played Ti Jian Zi
(shuttle-kicking, a game played with the feet)
They played the game - kicking a coin with two
feathers as a ball

In 14. century in Japan - game OBIANE

It is mainly played by a woman
As a ball they used fruit, equipped with
pheasant feathers
The rackets were wooden, and similar to today's
rackets for table-tennis
On the backside of the racket was a picture of
their dearest, so they were not play with that
side of it (no backhand stroke)

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The game of Battledore and Shuttlecock

A battledore was a simple bat, and the aim of
the game was to hit the shuttlecock backwards
and forwards, as many times as possible

In Europe a badminton-like game was first

played on the French court
game first known as COQUANTIN, and later JEU
de VOLANT
In the beginning the shuttle was made of cork
and chicken feathers
popular children's game

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 10.3.2014.

In India Poona - 19th century

This game is much like Battledore and
Shuttlecock but with an added net
The British army officers learned this game in
India and took the equipment back to England
during the 1870s

In 1873, the Duke of Beaufort held a garden

party at his country residence, Badminton
House
They played the game of Poona

The new party sport became known as "the

Badminton game
the idea of putting a string between the
players, and trying to hit the shuttlecock away
from the opponent

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 10.3.2014.

The first badminton sport club, 1877, the Bath

Badminton Club. They developed the first official
set of rules

The first national organization, 1893. the

Badminton Association of England

The first international tournament - 'All

England -1899.

IBF - BWF

Badminton World Federation

It was founded 1934.
The initial members were England, Wales,
Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Holland, Canada,
New Zealand and France

The five continental bodies

2006 changed the name from International
badminton federation (IBF) to the Badminton
World Federation (BWF)
It has 193 member associations (2012)
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Badminton Confederation of Africa

Badminton Asia Confederation
Badminton Europe
Badminton Oceania
Badminton PanAm Confederation

EBU - BEC
Badminton Europe Confederation
Badminton Europe (BEC) is the governing body
of badminton in Europe.
It has 51 member associations (2012)
It was founded 1967.
2006 changed the name from European
Badminton Union (EBU), to Badminton Europe
Confederation

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 10.3.2014.

The first major IBF tournament was the men's

team championship, the Thomas Cup, in 1949,
named after the first IBF President, Sir George
Thomas.
The first ladies team championship was in 1956
the Uber Cup
The Sudirman Cup mix team Championship
from 1989.

11

Suhandinata Cup World Junior Team

Championship, from 2000.
Eye Level / Bimantra Cups World Junior
Championship
First 1992., every two years, after 2007.
every year
Youth Olympic Games from 2010.

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The first World Badminton

Championships, including singles events
were held in 1977., every two years, after
2006 every year (except year of Olympic
Games)
The European Championship (Individual)
from 1968.

13

Part of Olympic Games

As a demonstration sport at the 1972 Munich

Olympic Games and 1988 Seoul Olympics
Full medal status at the 1992 Barcelona
Olympics
Mixed doubles was introduced at the 1996
Atlanta Olympic Games
Five disciplines: M, W, MD, WD, MxD

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In time badminton has become a professional

sport
World Grand Prix Circuit and prize money
has started to improve
International Competitions
BWF Super series
BWF GP Gold
BWF Grand prix
BWF International Challenge
BWF International Series
BWF Future Series

15

In Croatia
1956. - badminton starts in Croatia as part of
the Radnike sportske igre, a competition with
the idea of Sport for all, badminton activities in
Zagreb, Varadin, Sisak, Borovo
1959. badminton is a regular discipline at the
Radnike sportske igre. Playing only outdoors.
1960. published the first Badminton manual,
author Miro Mihovilovi

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After activities in 1950s - till 1989. there was no

organized forms of badminton (badminton clubs,
competitions)
new start of badminton in 1989. first registered
badminton club - Bk Zagreb
1990. in Zagreb organized the first badminton
competition tournament officialy in the
Yugoslavian badminton calendar and mainly with
Slovenian players
1990. the second club - Bk Stella is formed

17

1991. founded the Croatian Badminton

Association three clubs: Zagreb, Stella and
Osijek
1992. the first National Croatian Championship

1992. CBA in International Badminton

Federation and European Badminton Union

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1993. first appearence of the National

Team at the European Championship
1994. the first Croatian players at the
Individual European Championship
2013. gold medal MD (urkinjak
/Hlbling) on Meditarenian Games

19

Badminton organizations
Badminton World Federation:
www.bwfbadminton.org
Badminton Europe:
www.badmintoneurope.com
Croatian Badminton Association:
www.cba.hr

10
Questions
Chapter 2.

1. Badminton history
2. The name of Badminton
3. Games before Badminton
4. Poona in India what is specific
5. Badminton in Croatia
6. Badminton on Olympic games
7. Badminton international organizations
8. Team international competitions
9. World Championships
3nd chapter:

Badminton rules
Retrived from the official BWF rules, 2006.
 10.3.2014.

A booklet "Badminton Battledore- a new game" was

published in 1860. - first rules
Poona rules
1877. - Bath Badminton Club - formalize rules and
regulations for play - Badminton rules
Badminton Association of England publish first
official set of rules 1893.
3 x 15 point system for doubles and mens singles,
and 11 points for women singles

In December, 2005. BWF experimented with

the 3 x 21 point scoring system
The change was proposed to regulate the
playing time and simplify the system for
television viewers
First debut at the Saiqi Invitational World Cup
2005 in Yiyang, China

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Court and court equipment

The court is rectangle marked out with lines
40 mm wide, dimension 13,40 x 6,10m
The posts are 1.55 meters in height from the
surface of the court
The posts are placed on the doubles side lines

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 10.3.2014.

The net is made of fine cord of dark colour and even

thickness with a mesh of not less than l5 mm and not
more than 20 mm.
The net is 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 metres
wide

The top of the net from the surface of the court is

1.524 m, at the centre of the court and 1.55 m over
the side lines for doubles

Shuttlecock
Made of natural and / or synthetic materials.
From whatever material the shuttlecock is made,
the flight characteristics generally - similar to
those produced by a natural feathered shuttlecock
with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather
Feathered Shuttlecock
The shuttlecock has 16 feathers fixed in the base
Non-Feathered Shuttlecock
The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic
materials, replace natural feathers

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 10.3.2014.

shuttlecocks also spin

feathers differ slightly in size, weight and shape,
shuttles are never perfectly symmetrical.
feathers overlap, air flowing through them always
produces an anti-clockwise rotation as viewed by
the attacker as the shuttle leaves racket
stroke force and stroke angle can affect a
shuttlecocks trajctory

TESTING A SHUTTLECOCK FOR SPEED

To test a shuttlecock, a player shall use a full
underhand stroke which makes contact with the
shuttlecock over the back boundary line. The
shuttlecock shall be hit at an upward angle and in
a direction parallel to the side lines.

A shuttlecock of correct speed will land not less

than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of
the other back boundary line

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 10.3.2014.

Racket
The racket must consist of a frame not exceeding 680 mm in
overall length and 230 mm in overall width
Main parts of the racket:
The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped
by a player
The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is
intended that a player hits the shuttlecock
The head surrounds the stringed area
The shaft connects the handle to the head
The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head

Scoring System
A match shall consist of the best of three games, to 21 points
The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score. A side
shall win a rally, if the opposing side commits a fault or the
shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of
the court inside the opponents court
If the score becomes 20-all, the side which gains a two point
lead first, shall win that game
If the score becomes 29-all, the side scoring the 30th point
shall win that game
The side winning a game shall serve first in the next game

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 10.3.2014.

Change of ends
Players shall change ends:
at the end of the first game;
at the end of the second game, if there is to be a
third game; and
in the third game when a side first scores 11
points

11

Service
the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally
opposite service courts, without touching the boundary lines
of these service courts
some part of both feet of the server and the receiver must be
in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary
position from the start of the service until the service is
delivered
the servers racket must initially hit the base of the shuttle

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 10.3.2014.

the whole shuttle must be below the servers waist at the

instant of being hit by the servers racket. The waist shall be
considered to be an imaginary line round the body, level with
the lowest part of the servers bottom rib
the shaft of the servers racket at the instant of hitting the
shuttle must be pointing in a downward direction
the movement of the servers racket shall continue forwards
from the start of the service until the service is delivered
in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle

13

In doubles, during the delivery of service, the

partners may take up any positions within
their respective courts, which do not unsight
the opposing server or receiver

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 10.3.2014.

Singles
The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective
right service courts when the server has not scored or has
scored an even number of points in that game.
The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective
left service courts when the server has scored an odd number
of points in that game
If the server wins a rally, the server shall score a point. The
server shall then serve again from the alternate service court
If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver shall score a point. The
receiver shall then become the new server

15

Doubles
At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the
server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the
server serves from the left court
If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point
and the same server serves again from the alternate service
court
If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a
point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side

The players do not change their respective service courts until

they win a point when their side is serving

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 10.3.2014.

Faults
If a service is not correct
If in play, the shuttle:
lands outside the boundaries of the court
passes through or under the net, or not over the net
touches the ceiling or side walls
touches the person or dress of a player;
is hit twice in succession by the same player, (shuttle hitting the
head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a
fault)
is hit by a player and the players partner successively
touches a players racket and does not travel towards the
opponents court

17

If in play, a player:
touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress;
invades an opponents court over the net with racket or
person
invades an opponents court under the net with racket or
person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted
obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from
making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the
net
deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as
shouting or making gestures

18

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 10.3.2014.

Lets
Let shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no
umpire), to stop play
It shall be a let, if:
the server serves before the receiver is ready
during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted
after the service is returned, the shuttle is:
caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or
after passing over the net is caught in the net
during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base
completely separates from the rest of the shuttle

19

in the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of

the opposing side is distracted by a coach
a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a
decision
any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred

When a let occurs, play since the last service shall not count
and the player who served last shall serve again

20

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 10.3.2014.

Intervals
When the leading score reaches 11 points, players
have a 60 second interval
2 minute interval between each game

21

Service judges
The service judge shall sit on a low chair by the post,
preferably opposite the umpire
The service judge is responsible for judging that the
server delivers a correct service. If not, call Fault
loudly and use the approved hand signal to indicate
the type of infringement

The approved hand signals are:

22

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 10.3.2014.

During the delivery of service, the movement of

the servers racket does not continuously move
forward.

23

During the delivery of service, one or both feet

are not in contact with the service court and in
a stationary position until the service is
delivered.

24

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Initial point of contact of servers racket with

the shuttle not on the base of the shuttle.

25

The whole shuttle at the instant of being hit by

servers racket not below the servers waist.

26

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At the instant of hitting the shuttle, the shaft of

the servers racket not pointing in a downward
direction.

27

Line judges
The line judges shall sit on chairs in prolongation of
their lines at the ends and sides of the court and
preferably at the side opposite to the umpire.
A line judge shall be entirely responsible for the
line(s) assigned
The approved hand signals are:

28

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 10.3.2014.

SHUTTLE IS OUT
If the shuttle lands out, no matter how far, call
Out promptly in a clear voice, loud enough to
be heard by the players and the spectators
and, at the same time, signal by extending
both arms horizontally so that the umpire can
see clearly.

29

SHUTTLE IS IN
If the shuttle lands in, say nothing, but point to
the line with your right hand.

30

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 10.3.2014.

IF UNSIGHTED
If unsighted, inform the umpire immediately by
holding your hands to cover your eyes.

31

POSITIONS OF LINE JUDGES

32

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Questions
Chapter 3.
1. Badminton equipment
2. Badminton shuttlecock
3. Testing of speed shuttle
4. Badminton racket
5. Scoring system
6. Badminton court
7. Height of the badminton net
8. Singles and doubles scoring
9. Single and double service court
10. Badminton service
11. Intervals
12. Changing ends
13. Faults
14. Lets
15. Line and service judges
4rd chapter:

Badminton technic
 10.3.2014.

Technic:
Footwork
Badminton strokes

anticipation
arm, forearm, wrist
braking, acceleration, balance, agility

Footwork
Movement - situation specific
Ivolves the whole body shots during rallies go
all over the court at different speeds, angles,
hights
The movement on the court many stops and
starts
Low center of gravity gives a better balance

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 10.3.2014.

movement cycle
Start
Approach moving towards the shuttle
Hit movements of the body in time when you
hit the shuttle
Recovery moving after the hitting phase,
toward the direction of aticipation on next shot

Start split-steps
Approach running steps, chasse, cross behind,
hop/pivot
Hit lunge, jump
Recovery running steps, chasse, hop/pivot

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 10.3.2014.

Some exercises
Split steps run in the sports hall and perform
split steps on mark
Split steps follow the partner
Split steps on tramlines
One foot nearly always lands before the other
ground contact very short move off quickly

Starting from center of the court, touch the four corners

of the court in succession, returning to the center
position after each touch
Place the shuttle, touch with the hand, point with the
racket on every corners...
Use different way of movement; chasse step instead of
the normal step-close-step shuffle
Perform movement forwards, backwards and sideways

3
 10.3.2014.

Simulate swinging at and hitting an imaginary shuttle at

the end of each touch or reach
Footwork on comand teacher or player gives verbal
commands, hand gestures to direct where player have to
move around the court
Point direction with the racket as follows or random
Back forhand
Front backhand
Side forehand
Side backhand
Back backhand...

Movement to the front and mid court involves

mainly side way movements and ends with a
racket leg lunge
Movement to the back court involves body and
hip rotation with the racket leg at the back
Standing ordinarily when having lots of time
Scissor landing when having enough time
Two legs landing when having little time
Lunge when having to little time

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 10.3.2014.

Principles for footwork have to be teached together with

every specific stroke
Specific movement for different shots
Pay attention for different position on the court:
Footwork in center: counter movement, hiperflexion
jump, split jump...
Footwork from center to stroke area: cross in front,
behind, jump, chasse, skip...
Footwork in stroke area
Footwork from stroke area: ordinary running rhytme
is important

Footwork ivolves different movement skills:

Starting
Stopping
Lunging
Twisting
Stretching
Running
Walking
Chasse
Jumping and rotate
Split jump for initiating movement

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 10.3.2014.

Lunging
most of lunging is on the racket side
at the net
in the mid court
rear court
Prevention knee and foot pointing in the same
direction in contact of the ground

11

Strokes
the angle and strenght of a stroke could also influence
trajectory
the order of a shuttlecock speed is: jump smash, smash,
clear, drop among badminton forehand overhead
strokes

Before teaching strokes and movement with a racket,

start with catchnig and throwing exercises
Striking skills hitting with a hand, hitting with a very
short grip, hitting with a long grip

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 10.3.2014.

Forehand underarm shots:

long single service, short double service, lift, smash
defence, netdrop, kill
High forehand shots from fore and backhand
side:
clear, drop, smash
Backhand underarm shots:
lift, smash defence, short double service, netdrop, kill
High backhand shots from backhand side:
clear, drop, smash

13

Key concepts principles for stroke

production
Starting grip (fh-bh and many grip variations)
Arm rotation pronation (forehandshots),
supination (backhandshots)
Stroke phase:
Back swing racket head up, bended arm
Forward swing almoust streched arm, acceleration of
speed
Point of impact
Follow through natural ending of the rotation

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 10.3.2014.

Elbow indicates the direction for all strokes

Marked angle between forearm and racket
Bigger angle harder stroke
Key movement
Counter movement
Big muscles to small muscles

15

Shuttle scoop
Pick up the shuttle from the floor with the racket
to keep the shuttle on the face of the racket
(not to bounce)
Movement with the racket forearm, wrist
For begining it is more easy place the shuttle
on the floor with feathers down, pointing shuttle
up

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Shuttle carry bird carry

From the ready position using different grip
carry the shuttle on the racket strings
Different tasks walking, running
Race

17

Grips
How to handle the racket
Move the racket around in the hand
Two types of grip:
basic grip
thumb grip

Hold racket handle relaxed around the handle tighten

the grip when hitting the shuttlecock

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Changing grip
Use index finger and thumb, to turn handle into the
required position
clockwise and counterclockwise
The thumb is located to the back of the racket handle and
parallel to the shaft, with a small space between the hand and
the racket handle

Fingers relaxed

The thumb and first finger of the hand creates a V shape on

the racket handle

19

20

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 10.3.2014.

Exercises:
The racket is held in non playing hand
The palm of the playing hand place against the strings
Slide the hand down along the shaft and onto the handle
Close the fingers around the handle
The fingers are relaxed around the handle, with the
thumb positioned between the index finger and the
middle finger
There is some space between the top four fingers

21

Changing the grip on mark

Hand shaking
Pronation and supination of the forearm
Execute the grip handle with eyes closed

22

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 10.3.2014.

Ready Position

The base position position on the court from

which is the best position for receiving and
playing the strokes, and most economic way for
footwork
Centre of the mid-court area

Between shots in a rally the racket best held in

a relaxed forehand grip in front of the body
The position of the body
leaning forward,
slightly with flexed knees,
heels lifted from floor,
the racket in front of the body,
the racket head above the hand

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 10.3.2014.

Central base position in singles need

to reach any area quickly
It isnt fixed different styles, different
shots
Face towards the shot is coming slight
angle

Position in doubles play

25

Exercises:
Ready position on the mark or counting the
numbers
Slow running and on mark stop in ready position
Pay attention on position of the racket

26

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 10.3.2014.

Shuttle bounce

At the beginning of the learning process

Every pupil has one shuttlecock, and trying to

bounce the shuttlecock vertically off the racket

Keeping the eye on the shuttlecock helps to get

the feel of the shuttlecock in contact with the
racket face
Helps to learn to change the grip

Exercises:
forehand high and low
backhand high and low
change forehand backhand
standing on one leg
bouncing while sitting or lying
bounce the shuttlecock and while the
shuttlecock is in the air do different tasks
turn around, change the racket from hand to
hand...

28

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Organizing with one shuttle per pupil

Multishuttle
With or without courts
Funy games

29

Net shots
Net shots are going from forecourt to forecourt
as close to the top of the net as possible (drop
net shots)
Forehand and backhand
Use when in the forecourt and the shuttlecock
is below tape height
Net lift

30

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Net shots

31

Preparation: racket is in front of the body

Backswing: very small with relaxed grip
Forward swing: a gentle push over the net with
a relaxed grip and finger control
Point of impact
Follow through: as small as necessary

Relax fingers to change between grips

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33

Exercise:
Practise first without any leg movement, then
with a lunge
Multishuttle
Forehand and backhand side
Service-net drop
Service-lift
Net drop with spin
Net drop or lift
Net drops or lifts to the target (box)
Fun games

34

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 10.3.2014.

x x

Drives
Drives are flat shots - going from mid-court to
mid-court or the rear court of the opponent
Drives tend to be used in neutral situations
when the shuttlecock is neither high enough nor
low enough
Used more in double play
It is easy for beginer not big swing of the
racket

36

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37

the racket in front of the body

start with a relaxed grip
tighten the grip to generate power
short racket movements
very small follow through

38

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Exercises:
Drive straight
Drive diagonal
Drive with two shuttlecocks
Drive and then net drop
Drive and then lob (to the rear court)
Drive moving through two-three courts
Feeding exercise

39

Drive shadow drill with the racket cover on the

head of the racket
Toss and hit drive
Elbow leads
Swing fast, quick flat-flat exchange
Drive four way rally

40

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 10.3.2014.

Service
Forehand and backhand - low and high serves

The shuttle must travel diagonally from one to

the opposite service court

The shuttle must be hit with an underarm stroke

Contact with the shuttle below the waist
Racket shaft must be pointed downward

42

21
 10.3.2014.

Long serve high and deep fall as close to the

back boundary line as possible
Short serve as close over the net
The same preparation for both serves
Short serve shuttle is guided or pushed
Backhand short serve
travels a shorter distance, gets across the net to the
opponent sooner
stand on the tiptoe advantage the serve is higher
and a slightly flatter trajectory

44

22
 10.3.2014.

45

46

23
 10.3.2014.

Exercises:
Swing (numbers)
Serves are performed up against a wall
Serves to the target
Serves over the net (betwen the net and
some string)
Serves return
Serves catching the shuttlecock one
after another
Serves over the player (raise the racket in
the hand long serves)

Service area for singles and doubles

24
 10.3.2014.

Overhead hitting techniques

Three main strokes: clear, drop and smash

Preparation: ready position
Hit: the backswing and the forward swing
Impact: point of impact
Follow through: the part after the impact
Recovery: preparation for the next stroke

25
 10.3.2014.

51

Using the forearm

Biomechanical study of the overhead strokes
show that wrist have minor role

The main source of power is inward rotation

pronation (forhand), and outward rotation
supination of the forearm

52

26
 10.3.2014.

Elements important for all overhead strokes:

basic grip
supination on the backswing
pronation on the forward swing
hiting the shuttlecock as early as possible

53

Time of impact
The moment when the shuttlecock is hit
height, speed, angles of the shuttlecocks
different for different strokes e.g. the smash
positioned in front of the body, the defensive clear
slightly behind the body

54

27
 10.3.2014.

Clear
Clear is a stroke that tracectory of the
shuttle goes from the rear court to the
rear court

Attacking clears travel at a height just out

of reach of the opponents racket
Defensive clears are higher

55

Clear

56

28
 10.3.2014.

Preparation-execution-follow through:
V-grip
Sideways stance
Reach with dominant foot
Pivot and turn in the direction of shuttle
Forward swing to contact as high as posssible
Pronate forearm
Racket head follows through
Racket arm rotates
Return to center of the court

57

Exercises:
Shadow
Serves clear
Straight Clear
One straight one diagonal
Multishuttle
Continuous play
Clears with touching shuttlecocks on the floor
Choices
Half court singles
Merry-go-round

29
 10.3.2014.

x x

X X

X X
X X
X X

30
 10.3.2014.

Drop
Drop shots go from your rear court to the
forecourt of the opponent

Longer drops (fast) tend to land just beyond the

front service line
Shorter drop (slow) shots land between the front
service line and the net

61

It is the same hitting action for a clear and

a drop shot but finish a drop shot with a
push instead of a full hit at the point of
contact
The same preparation for both strokes

62

31
 10.3.2014.

Drop

63

Exercises:
Shadow
Serves Drop
Straight Drop
Multishuttle
Continuous Play
Slow-fast Drop
Lift-Drop-Net
Choices
Half court singles

64

32
 10.3.2014.

x x

X x
X x

X
x
X x

X X

33
 10.3.2014.

Smash
Smashes go from the rear court to the midcourt
of the opponent
To be behind the shuttlecock - to hit the
shuttlecock from in front

Smashes - into space (free place of the court),

or into the body of the opponent
A smash is a shot used in an attempt to win the
rally, or to force a weak return

67

68

34
 10.3.2014.

Point of impact little bit in front of the body

Requires a lot of energy
The racket face is angled to direct the shuttle
more downward

The steeper the angle can be create, the less

time the oponent will have to react
Gives oponent very little time to prepare or
return

69

Exercises:
Smash to the floor in front
Smash to the net
Service smash
Smash block
Lift-smash-block
Smash full swing, smash just wrist
Multishuttle

70

35
 10.3.2014.

x x

X
x x xx

X
x x xxx
X

36
Questions
Chapter 4.
1. Footwork
2. Key concepts of the technical elements
3. Time of impact
4. Backward foreward swing
5. Arm rotation
6. Stroke phases
7. Grip
8. Ready position on the court
9. Shuttle bounce
10. Net shots
11. Drive
12. Serves
13. Clear
14. Drop
15. Smash
5th chapter:

Badminton tactics
 10.3.2014.

Tactics
Definition: consideration about where the player
has to be on court, and where to place the
shuttle
A method the player use to obtain the best
possible result
Tactics is planned on:
technic,
physic (condition, strenght, speed),
mentality,
the opponent

Tactics - making choices what, where and

why
Players must make decisions about the type of
stroke to play
situation can be: defensive, neutral or attacking
Good decision- awareness of the factors:
space (height, width and depth)
time (own pressure)
the player
the players opponent

1
 10.3.2014.

Problem solving exercises practices that help

to find out answers by themselves
Questioning skills effective questioning

Creating game type situations

Large groups different activity taskson the
courts, or vary the number of pupils on each
court

Half court singles

Serves - return
3

Strategy
winning space - forcing the opponent to
move as much as possible, limiting own
movement
winning time - hit the shuttlecock as early as
possible, giving the opponent less time to react
personal strengths and weaknesses
opponents strength and weaknesses

2
 10.3.2014.

Use of space and change of direction:

force the opponent to the back of the court
and create space in the front court
force the opponent to be late in reaching the
front court to create space in the rear court?

Basic tactics:
Playing centre
The use and placement of the basic strokes:
Service
Net drop
Lift at the net
clear
Patient play until the opponent is returning to short or
is out of balance
Play in broken lines

3
 10.3.2014.

Single tactics:
Return to base
Serve directed towards the centre of the court
Drop when opponent is on rear court
No smash from back line
Clear when opponent is on front court
Netdrop force opponent to come slose to the net
Safe play
Keep initiative
Do not change succesfull tactic

serve directed towards the centre of the court

straight clears and smashes are easier to follow

Mark target areas on the court

Game with bonus points on the usage of
particular tactics

4
 10.3.2014.

Doubles tactics:
Basic serve is low or short serve
Defensive stance side by side
Attacking front back position
Mix doubles tactics man cover back court and
mid court, woman covers front court
Woman diagonally opposite the opponent who is
hitting the shuttle
Hit the shuttle downward
9

server should look to cover net replies

importance of the 3rd shot of the rally
smash on the straight player or between

10

5
 10.3.2014.

Exercises:
Drills different stroke patterns on the court
four corners...
Modified singles- playing area is reduces
High serve smash-block
Clear-smash-block- continuos rally

11

Side by side as defensive formation

Front and back as attacking formation

x x

6
Questions
Chapter 5.
1. Factors of decision-making in tactics
2. winning space
3. winning time
4. Tactics is planning on
5. Base position in tactics
6. Basic tactics
7. Singles tactics
8. Doubles tactics
6th chapter:

Physical training
 10.3.2014.

Body composition low body fat, muscular legs

Strength
Maximal stregth
Strength endurance
Elastic strength
Flexibility dynamic and static flexibility
Endurance
Speed
Agility

Dynamic balance at all stages of player develpment

Quickness speed of reaction
Coordination eye-hand-foot coordination
Power

6,4sec performance intervals 12.9sec rest time

between exchanges
Total match time over 30min 89 rallies average per
match(Cabello, 2003.)

1
 10.3.2014.

Activity Rally duration Rest duration Effective Work:rest

(s) (s) playing time ratio
(%)
Badminton 4-8 10-16 40-50 1:2

Activity %VO2max %HRmax (La) (mmol.1-1 Work:rest

ratio
Badminton 75-85 75-90 3-6 1:2

Top badminton players have a high oxygen

consumption 60,5 and 49,3 ml/kg/min in men
and women respectively (Carlson, 1985)
Maximum heart rate 190,5 beats/min, and an
averige of 173,5 beats/min during match
(Cabello, 2003)

Aerobic training running and game-exercises

2
Questions
Chapter 6.

1. Oxygen consumption
2. Rally duration rest duration in mach
3. Max heart rate
4. Types of strength
5. Body composition
7th chapter:

Badminton in PE
 10.3.2014.

Badminton in a PE programmein Croatia

The curriculum for primary schools (2006.) -

Teaching topics in the 7th and 8th class
7th class (boys and girls)
Forehand service
Forehand lob above head (clear)
8th class (boys and girls)
Net drop
Forehand drop

Badminton - sport in PE programmes

both girls and boys

fundamental sports skills
adapted rules for persons with a disability
relatively inexpensive equipment
indoors or outdoors
meets school PE programme objectives...

1
 10.3.2014.

physical skills correlated with badminton in

PE curriculum:
eye hand coordination
catching and throwing
stability and balance
speed and agility
jumping skills

Group menagement
How exercises can be organized
Usually there are lot of children in the class...

How practice if there are no...

No nets, no courts
exercises at the beginning - without badminton court
or nets or even outside
use lines which are marked on the floor for other
sports
different types of targets - hoops, cones, racket
clothes or boxes can be used in practice without court
lines

2
 10.3.2014.

Use of different types of targets - hoops, cones,

racket clothes or boxes can be used in practice
without court lines

Other adaptations:
Changing court sizes
shortening it, for learning new skill
use just one part of the court
front or back of the court

Exercises with more than four players on a court-

different models how to make distribution on the
court or around the court

Practice in pairs or groups, in lines

Additional tasks that they have to do on the court or
around the court

3
 10.3.2014.

the space between / behind the court for

practice
the space between - string or rope between
the courts - as a net
behind the courts - height of a net, or targets
- marked on a wall
off court practice - the same exercises as
those on court or different exercises

practice with intervals time on / time off the

court space
rotations - to change roles and positions

Multishuttle training
feeding the ability to deliver a shuttle in a way that
gives the player realistic practice opportunities
when a teacher or other player hits or throws the
shuttlecocks in succession, one after the other
hand feeding racket feeding
overhead feeding underarm feeding
multi-shuttle feeding, single-shuttle feeding
merry-go-round - feeding the group - the pupils
hit back, moving around in a circle
for more shuttles (too many) partner can holds
the shuttles and give it one after the other to the
feeder

4
 10.3.2014.

Underarm hand feed

Long arm swing
Stand feet apart, wide stance

Overarm hand feed

sideway stance good way to use for learning
stance for overarm strokes
weight transfer from rear to front leg

Racket feeding multyfeed

Racket feeding - rallying

Usefull tips
feed from a safe position
apropriate speed of feeding
how to hold the shuttles efficient way, on the
non-throwing arm and cork of the shuttle pointing
down
how to throw underarm, overarm similar to
the game, difference rear court or forecourt
throwing shuttle with trics

5
 10.3.2014.

Safety tips for badminton lesson

Pay attention to:

shuttlecocks which are lying on the floor on
the court or around - while pupils are
practicing / playing
enough space between the pairs so they do
not hit each other with rackets

right and left handed players practicing

together - space
position of the feeder sufficient space
net posts and nets are safe
safe suroudings

12

6
 10.3.2014.

Principles of learning
Simple complex
Increase or decreased level of difficulty
Slow to fast
Predictable to unpredictable
Formal functional learning
Fun type activities
Physical development
Technical / tactical learning

Group menagement at the Badminton

Class
different learning styles in the group
visual
auditory
kinaesthetic
instruction and learning through visual, hearing and
doing things
Group dynamics
rotation of the players on the court
use good player for demonstration

7
 10.3.2014.

The player:
copys the shot slowly without the shuttle
copys the shot in natural speed without the shuttle
practises the shot at stroke area
practises several shots at stroke area
practises shot together with footwork and without the
shuttle
practises the shot and footwork by hitting several times
practises exercises with the new shot
practises the shot in play

15

Correcting
Analysis
Knowledge about the correct way of how
to perform the shot
Check:
Grip
The swing
Use of the torso
Footwork
16

8
 10.3.2014.

FUN GAMES
Fun games are very important in the work of PE
teachers
Fun games in badminton can be very motivating
for children
With or without rackets
With or without shuttlecocks, with many
shuttlecocks
On a badminton court or all around the
sports hall

17

BATTLE SHUTTLECOCK A THROWING GAME:

Four, six or eight players on each court with up to
eight shuttlecocks. On a signal, players throw their
shuttlecocks into their opponents court area
(anywhere in the court area). The shuttlecocks should
be thrown from behind the short service line to begin.
The teams with the smallest number of shuttlecocks
on their side at the stop signal wins

Three against three players but with two rackets (after

hitting the shuttlecock the racket is given to a player
who is without a racket)
English doubles
English doubles but with two shuttlecocks

9
 10.3.2014.

Badminton in early youth ages

Miniton mini badminton
Teknika mini badminton
Babyton - baby badminton
Pre-badminton

4-7 years old children

19

the net at 2/3 regular height

the net on 1,20 m
adaptation in court size
smaller rackets, different sizes, mini rackets
ballons, suspended shuttles

20

10
 10.3.2014.

Adapted sport
Para badminton
candidate sport for Paralympic 2020.
Wheelchair Sport Classes - WH 1 and WH 2
Standing Sport Classes - SL 3, SL 4 and SU 5
Short Stature Sport Class - SS 6.
Badminton on Deaflympics
From 1985
MS, MD, WS, WD, MXD

21

Adapted sport
Badminton on Special Olympics
Individual Skills Competition
Singles
Doubles
Unified Sports Doubles
Return Volley
Return Serve
Target Serve
The Ups Contest

22

11
 10.3.2014.

x
X

X
X x x

x X

x
X
X
x x x x x

x x x

x x x x x x x x

x x

x x x x x x x
x x x x x

12
 10.3.2014.

25

13
 10.3.2014.

COMPETITION STRUCTURES
Different types of structures for tournaments /
competitions
Knockout system elimination system
Monrad elimination with built-up
consolation. Losers of the first round move to
the bottom half.
Round robin every player plays against
every other player (groups)
Team competitions

27

Round 3 Round 2 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 1 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final Winner

1 Bye 1 Bye 16

Loser 1-2 2 Bye 2 Bye 1

3 Bye 3 Bye 10

Loser 3-4 4 Bye 4 Bye 5

5 Bye 5 Bye 13

Loser 5-6 6 Bye 6 Bye 3

7 Bye 7 Bye 12

Loser 7-8 8 Bye 8 Bye 7

9 Bye 9 Bye 8

Loser 9-10 10 Bye 10 Bye 11

11 Bye 11 Bye 4

Loser 11-12 12 Bye 12 Bye 14

13 Bye 13 Bye 6
Loser 13-14 14 Bye 14 Bye 9
15 Bye 15 Bye 2
Loser 15-16 16 Bye 16 Bye 15

28

14
 10.3.2014.

1 2 3 4
1 R2 R3 R4
2 R2 R4 R5
3 R3 R4 R6
4 R4 R5 R6

1 2 3 4
1 R2 R3 R4
2 R2 R4 R5
Semifinals Final Winner
3 R3 R4 R6
4 R4 R5 R6 1 Group A #1

2 Group D #1

3 Group C #1
1 2 3 4
1 R2 R3 R4 4 Group B #1
2 R2 R4 R5
3 R3 R4 R6
4 R4 R5 R6

1 2 3 4
1 R2 R3 R4
2 R2 R4 R5
3 R3 R4 R6
4 R4 R5 R6

29

Final Semifinals Quarterfinals Round 1 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final

1 Bye 16

Loser 1-2 2 Bye 1

3 Bye 10

Loser 3-4 4 Bye 5

5 Bye 13

Loser 5-6 6 Bye 3

7 Bye 12

Loser 7-8 8 Bye 7

9 Bye 8

Loser 9-10 10 Bye 11

11 Bye 4

Loser 11-12 12 Bye 14

13 Bye 6

Loser 13-14 14 Bye 9

15 Bye 2

Loser 15-16 16 Bye 15

Loser 1-8 Loser 1-8

Loser 9-16 Loser 9-16

Loser 1-4 Loser 1-4

Loser 1-8 Loser 1-8

Loser 5-8 Loser 5-8

Loser 9-12 Loser 9-12

Loser 9-16 Loser 9-16

Loser 13-16 Loser 13-16

30

15
Questions
Chapter 7.

1. Badminton in different fields

2. Badminton in PE programme in Croatia
3. Fun exercise in badminton lesson
4. Organization of the lesson problems: no nets, no courts, big groups,
equipment...
5. Feeding shuttles techniques
6. The matter of safety in a badminton lesson
7. Principles of learning
8. Simple - complex learning - examples
9. Formal function learning examples
10. Correcting the mistakes
11. Adapted sports badminton
12. Group management
13. Badminton in early ages
14. Competition structures
Literature:

Badminton World federation (2014). Shuttle time BWFs School Badminton

Programme. Retrived: http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=15529
Cabello Manrique, D., Gonzalez-Badillo, J.J. (2003). Analysis of the characteristics
of competitive badminton. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(1),62-66.
European Badminoton Union (2006). Coach Education material. Copenhagen:
European Badminoton Union.
Grice, T. (1996). Badminton Step to success. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
Huber, G. (1999). Age related training. Kuala-Lumpur: IBF World Academy
Knupp, M. (1993). 1011 Spiel und Ubungsformen im badminton. Sinking Spring,
PA: Hofmann.
Ming, C.L., Keong, C.C., Ghosh, A.K. (2008). Time Motion and Notation Analysis
of 21 Point and 15 Point Badminton Match Play. International Journal of
Sport Science and Engineering, 2(4), 216-222.
Petrinovi Zekan, L., Ciliga, D. (2002). Badminton games in physical education. U
R. Piot, V. temberger, F. Krpa i T. Filipi (ur.), Zbornik prispevkov =
Proceedings / 2. mednarodni znanstveni i strokovni posvet Otrok v gibanju
= 2nd International Science and Expert Symposium Child in Motion,
Kranjska Gora, 10.-12. listopada 2002. (str. 332-336). Ljubljana: Pedagoka
fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani = Faculty of Education University of Ljubljana.
Petrinovi Zekan, L., Ciliga, D. (2002). Multishuttle training in badminton. In D.
Milanovi, F. Prot (Eds.), Proceedings book of the 3rd International Scientific
Conference Kinesiology New Perspectives, Opatija, 2002. (str. 369-371).
Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb.
Petrinovi Zekan, L., Zdenjak, L. (2008). Trening snage u badmintonu. U: I.
Juki, D. Milanovi, C. Gregov (ur.), Zbornik radova meunarodne
konferencije Kondicijska priprema sportaa 2008., Zagreb, 2008. (str.272-
276). Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Udruga kondicijskih
trenera Hrvatske.
Swee Onn, P.Y. (1993). Coaching and playing badminton the right way. Petaling
Jaya: Delta Publishing Sdn. Bhd.
Glossary:
Alley playing area that comes into or out of play at various times during any game
(side alley, back alley...)
Around the head stroke a return made with forhand but contacted over the
nondominant side
Backcourt approximately the last 11 feet (3,35 meters) of the court on any side
of the net or midcourt to the back boundary line
Backhand any return or stroke hit on the nondominant side of the body (the left
side of the body for a right-hander, and right side for left-hander)
Back and front basic formation adopted almost throughout in mixed doubles, and
alternatively in doubles
Backswing the part of the swing when racket going back in preparation for the
forward swing
Base a spot near the middle of the court that player should try to return to after
the most shots
Bird colloquial term for shuttlecock (from shuttle's flight)
Badminton House Home in Gloucestershire of the Dukes of Beaufort from wich
the game derives its name
Battledore the earliest type of racket used, children game, precursor of
badminton
Bye a position in draw in wich player or pair are exempt from play until the scond
round
Choice of ends the player winning the toss at the beginning of a game, can
choose at wich end he will start to play
Court dimensions 13,40x6,10m. Court areas are reduced for disabled players
Changing ends ends are changed after each game, and if a third is played when
the first player reached the 11 points
Clear a high return deep into the back of the court, basic overhead stroke
Crosscourt a return of stroke that sends the shuttle diagonally across the court
Cut strokes deceptive strokes in wich shuttle is not hit with the full face of the
racket
Deception disguising one's intentions to lead opponent to anticipate the play
wrongly, as in feinting stroke, flight or placement
Doubles - a match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides
Doubles man's and lady's
Double hit when the shuttle is hit twice in succession on the same stroke, a fault
Doubles service court serving area for doubles play, short service line (short
and fat
Drive a return of stroke that sends the shuttle in the flat trajectory, parallel to the
floor, just above tape hight
Drop a return or stroke hit overhead, trajectory going towards the floor, falls over
and close to the net
Fault any violation of the rules, error in the play leading to the loss of the rally
Feather colloquial term for a shuttlecock, originally always made of feathers
Follow-through the path of the racket after impact with the shuttle
Foot fault fault when server or receiver (a) his foot is on or touching a line; (b)
part of both feet are not in contact with the floor until the impact of the shuttle in
service
Footwork movement across the court, often a sideways chasseing ended by a
lounge
Fore court front part of the court area lying between net and short service line
Forehand any return or stroke hit on the dominant side of the body
Forhand grip manner in wich grasp the racket to hit any return from the
dominant side of the body. the handshake or pistol (V) grip is the most common
forehand grip
Game a competition that has a goal of a specified number of points, 21 points,
maximum 30 points
Game point the point before the final point in game
Grip the racket hold. A correct grip is necessary for strokes, forhand, bachand,
frying-pan
Let a form of interference in wich the point is replayed
Lift stroke a stroke used in returning the shuttle from close to and directly over
the net
Love in scoring, meaning zero or no points have been scored
Lob defensive underhand stroke played from the forecourt when the shuttle is low
under the net
Match - The basic contest in Badminton between opposing sides each of one or two
players
Match point the point before the winning point of the final game
Mixed doubles male and female partners together play
Net high 1.55 at posts, and 1.524 in the centre of the court, 6,1 m length, 76cm in
depth
Net shots shots played from, or to, near the net. Downwards and upwards shots.
Placement a return hit to a specific spot in opponent court where it will be
difficult to return
Out of play a shuttle is out of play when it hits the floor, body or clothes of the
player fault
Overhead stroke stroke used in returning a shuttle from an overhead point
Point of impact the precise point at wich the racket face strikes the shuttle base
Posts wood or metal 1.55m in high should be fixed on the doubles side line
Racket the whole racket not exceed 680mm in lenght, 230mm in width, (head,
shaft, stringing, handle, grip)
Rally - A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle
ceases to be in play
Ready position basic waiting position near the center of the court, wich is
equidistant from all corners
Receiving side - The side opposing the serving side
Receiver the player to whom the shuttle is served
Referee the umpire is in control of a game during play
Return any method of hitting shots back over the net
Round the head strokes smashes, clears, drops shots played to the left of the
head, the bachand side, with the forhand action
Scoring badminton is played the best of three games, each of 21 points
Service the opening stroke of a rally, (high and low serve)
Serving side - The side having the right to serve
Setting method of extending the game, when the score are tied at 20:20, who
win two points ahead win the game
Shuttler Far Eaestern term for a badminton player
Side by side term used in describing men's or ladie's doubles positional tactics
Singles - A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides
Stroke - a movement of the players racket with an intention to hit the shuttle
Smash an overhead stroke hit down into opponents' court with great speed and
power
Tactics application of particular strokes to achieve overall strategy
Timing the ability to produce a stroke in wich the racket head is moving at the
desired maximum speed in the correct impact
Unforced errors errors made by a player not becouse of opponent good play but
becouse of his own bad play
Winner shots that wins rally
Wood shoot shuttle is hit by the frame of the racket head. Currently legal
Abbreviations

BE Badminton Europe
BWF Badminton World Federation
CBA Croatian Badminton Association
MS (BS) Men Singles (Boys Singles)
LS (GS) Ladies Singles (Girls Singles)
MD Men Doubles
LD Men Doubles
MxD Mixed Doubles
Quarters quarter finals
SF semi finals
TC Thomas Cup
U13 (etc) Under 13 years
UC Uber Cup
WC World Champinships