Remarks of tutorial 5

Q1
n
2
an= 0=
( 1) 1 if n is even; if n is odd
=
n2 n 2

2
=
Hence a2 n 0;= a2 n 1 = , n 1, 2,...
(2n 1) 2

(1) n 1

(1) n +1
Thus + cos nx + sin nx
4 n =1 n 2 n

can be written as
2 (1) n +1
+ cos(2n 1) x + sin nx
4 n =1 (2n 1) 2 n
 Q2
3
=
a0 ,=
an 0,=
n 1, 2...
2

1 cos n 1 1 (1) n 1 2
bn = = 0=if n is even; if n is odd
n n n

2
=
b2 n 0;=
b2 n 1
(2n 1)
Q3
=
bn 0,=
n 1, 2...

sin n
a0 =
1
an =
2 2
2 n

sin 2n
2 2 2 sin(n )
=a2 n = = 0
2n 2n

sin (2n 1) n +1
2 2 2 ( 1)
a2 n 1 =
2n 1 2n 1
Q4

L=

1
a0 = a1 = 0

1 cos [ (1 + n) ] + 1 cos [ (1 n) ] + 1
an = + , n = 2,3...
2 1+ n 1 n

1 cos [ (1 + n) ] + 1 cos [ (n 1) ] + 1
+
2 1+ n 1 n
1 (1) n +1 + 1 (1) n 1 + 1
+
2 1+ n 1 n
 1 (1) n +1 + 1 (1) n 1 + 1
an = + , n = 2,3,...
2 1+ n 1 n

(2 n 1) +1 (2 n 1) 1
1 (1) + 1 (1) +1
a2 n 1 = + , n = 2,3,...
2 1 + (2n 1) 1 (2n 1)

1 (1) 2 n + 1 (1) 2( n 1) + 1
= + , n =2,3,...
2 1 + (2n 1) 1 (2n 1)

1 0 0
= 1 + (2n 1) + 1 (2n 1) , n = 2,3,...
2
= 0,=
n 2,3,...
 1 (1) n +1 + 1 (1) n 1 + 1
an = + , n = 2,3,...
2 1+ n 1 n

1 (1) 2 n +1 + 1 (1) 2 n 1 + 1
= + , n = 1, 2,3,...

a2 n
2 1 + 2n 1 2n

1 (1) + 1 (1) + 1
= + , n = 1, 2,3,...
2 1 + 2n 1 2n
1 2 2
= + , n = 1, 2,3,...
2 1 + 2n 1 2n
1 2
= , n 1, 2,3,...
(2n 1)(2n + 1)
 1
b1 =
2
1 sin [ (1 + n) ] sin [ (n 1) ]
bn = + , n = 2,3,..
2 1+ n 1 n
=0
Q6 Sketch the corresponding expansions of f
Use the following result

n n
(1) a0 + (an cos x + bn sin x) = f ( x)
n =1 L L

when f is continuous at the point x

n n
(2) a0 + (an cos x + bn sin x)
n =1 L L
= 1 ( f ( x + ) + f ( x ))
2
when f is discontinuous at the point x
8
Q7

f ( x) = bn sin nx
n =1

( f ( x)) 2 n
(=b sin nx ) 2
( bn sin nx)( bm sin mx)
= n 1 =n 1=m 1

= bnbm sin nx sin mx
= = 1
n 1m

If you have diff to understand above infinite sum,

consider two terms
 2 2 2
( bn sin nx) 2 = ( bn sin nx)( bm sin mx)
n 1 = n 1=m 1
2 2
b1 sin x( bm sin mx) + b2 sin 2 x( bm sin mx)
m 1=m 1

= b1 sin x(b1 sin x + b2 sin 2 x) + b2 sin 2 x(b1 sin x + b2 sin 2 x)

b1b1 sin x sin x + b1b2 sin x sin 2 x

+b2b1 sin 2 x sin x + b2b2 sin 2 x sin 2 x
2 2
= bnbm sin nx sin mx
= = 1
n 1m

1 1
( f ( x))
2
dx = bnbm sin nx sin mxdx
= = 1
n 1m

Use following fact

1
sin nx sin mxdx= 0 if n m=; 1 if n= m
m, n are positive integers
We can also use the following facts to get a general result, see next slide

1
cos nx cos mxdx= 0 if n m=; 1 if n= m
m, n are positive integers


1
sin nx cos mxdx = 0 for all m,n

1

1
sin mxdx = 0 for all m cos mxdx = 0 for all m


a0 + an cos nx + bn sin nx
f ( x) =
= n 1= n 1

1
Then

( f ( x)) 2 dx =
a02 + an2 + bn2
= n 1= n 1
summary

a0 + an cos nx + bn sin nx
f ( x) =
= n 1=n 1
1
( f ( x)) dx =
2


1 1
=
a0 +
2


(an cos nx) dx +
2
(bn sin nx) 2 dx
n 1= n 1