below; 2.1 Methodology Tideal = (L/S)- (Qh + Loss1) First step is desk study where this is can help to formulate investigation work Where Q is the number of vehicles queued and targeting specific areas of signalized per lane in unit vehicle, H is the discharge junctions. Next will the site visit or site had way of queue vehicle in unit second appraisal where the selected area has per vehicle, L is the distance between been identified and will be studied in order intersection in unit meter, S is the speed to get more information to evaluate the in unit m/s and Loss1 is the total loss time actual site problems. During the site visit, associated with vehicles starting from rest preliminary data was taken such as at the first downstream signal. number of lanes, distances between The last step is developing a traffic intersection, phasing sequences, signal control system where comparing with a timing and traffic volume. suitable cycle time and offset time for Based on A. Vitetta et al. (2003), regulating travel speed and determine the the method proposed by Webster (1958) solution for upgrading the existing traffic and Webster and Cobbe (1966) where it is control system would optimize the traffic based on the representative stream on flow at selected area. identifying during each stage which constitutes the cycle, according to the ratio of arrival flow to the saturation of flow. The cycle time is given from a formula deriving from the minimization of global junction delay. The webster formula is given as below (Webster & Cobbe, 1996);
Co = 1.5L + 5/ (1 - Y)
Where Co is the optimum cycle time in
second, L is the lost time in one cycle which includes all red time and start up delay and Y is the summation of critical flow ratio with saturation flows at Figure 2.1.1: Simplified Methodology 2.2 Materials
Stopwatch, pen, paper.
References
Webster, F. V. (1958). Traffic signal
settings. Road Research Technical Paper 39. London: HMSO.
Webster F. V., Cobbe B. M. (1996).
Technical Paper 56: Traffic Signals. Vitetta. A. et al., (2003). Signal setting in an isolated junction: Before and after experiment. Association for Europeon Transport.