The Heart: About the size of two adult hands held together, the heart rests

near the center of the chest. Thanks to consistent pumping, the heart keeps the
circulatory system working at all times.
Arteries: Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and where it
needs to go.
Veins: Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs where they receive oxygen.
Blood: Blood is the transport media of nearly everything within the body. It
transports hormones, nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and other important things
needed to keep the body healthy.

Reproductive System

The reproductive system is necessary for the production of new living organisms. The
ability to reproduce is a basic characteristic of life. In sexual reproduction, two
individuals produce offspring that have genetic characteristics from both parents.

Female

Vagina - Fibrous, muscular canal leading from the cervix (opening of the uterus)
to the external portion of the genital canal.
Uterus - Muscular internal organ that houses and nurtures female gametes
after fertilization. Also called the womb, the uterus is where a developing fetus
resides during pregnancy.
Fallopian tubes - Uterine tubes which transport egg cells from the ovaries to
the uterus. Fertilization typically occurs in these tubes.
Ovaries - Female primary reproductive structures that produce gametes and
sex hormones. There is one ovary on each side of the uterus.

Male

Penis - Main organ involved in sexual intercourse. This organ is composed of

erectile tissue, connective tissue, and skin. The urethra extends through the
length of the penis, allowing urine and sperm to pass.
Testes - Male primary reproductive structures that produce male gametes
(sperm) and sex hormones.
Scrotum - External pouch of skin that contains the testes. Because the scrotum
is located outside of the abdomen, it can reach temperatures that are lower than
that of internal body structures. Lower temperatures are necessary for proper
sperm development.

Urethra - Tube that extends from the urinary bladder through the penis. This
canal allows for the excretion of reproductive fluids (semen) and urine from the
body. Sphincters prevent urine from entering the urethra while semen is
passing through.

Respiratory system
The cells of the human body require a constant stream of oxygen to stay alive. The
respiratory system provides oxygen to the bodys cells while removing carbon dioxide,
a waste product that can be lethal if allowed to accumulate.

Nasal cavity warms, moistens and filters air entering the respiratory system

Pharynx path that connects nasal cavity to the trachea

Larynx - contains the vocal cords

to produce sound for communication

Trachea lined with mucus secreting cells

allows air to pass from the pharynx into the lungs- cartilage rings prevent the
trachea from collapsing and provide it with support

Lung The cone-shaped lungs are sponge-like organs that fill the chest cavity and
make up most of the lower respiratory tract. Their most important job is providing
oxygen to capillaries so they can oxygenate blood.

Bronchi lined with cilia and mucus secreting cells

to carry the air into the lungs

Bronchioles - secrete mucous and are lined with cilia

to decrease in size and carry air to the alveoli

Alveoli very small structures with very high surface area

are the sites of gas exchange

Nervous System

Nervous system is the chief controlling and coordinating system of the body. It controls
and regulates all activities of the body, whether voluntary or involuntary, and adjusts
the individual (organism) to the given surroundings.
 1. Brain or encephalon, which occupies cranial cavity, and contains the higher
governing centers.

2. Spinal cord or spinal medulla, which occupies upper two-thirds of the

vertebral canal, and contains many reflex centers.

3. Nerve cells, are specialized cells designed to stimulate other cells in the body
in order to communicate.

Excretory System

The excretory system is the system of an organism's body that performs

thefunction of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. The Excretory
system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.

Kidneys - are responsible for filtering the filtrate and returning most of the solutes
and water to the blood.

Skin- In the excretory system, the skins job is to regulate one's body temperature.
The salt in the skin helps in evaporation of the water off of the body, to cool off one who
is hot. Sweat is excreted through sweat glands.

Liver - orders the gall bladder to release bile into the intestines. The bile then puts the
waste products into the intestines. Then the intestines absorb the fats into the blood
stream. The liver is then given the blood, and removes all waste products from it as it
passes through. The liver removes the iron, which involves red blood cell production.

Lungs - remove the carbon dioxide built up in your blood using specialized cells known
as alveoli. Your lungs process the molecules into gas and when you breathe, the gas is
ejected from your body.

Urinary System

The urinary system, also known as the renal system, produces, stores and eliminates
urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

Kidneys. Its function is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a
stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood and produce a hormone that aids
the formation of red blood cells.

Ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to
empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups
of urine for two to five hours.

Urethra. This tube allows urine to pass outside the body.

Integumentary System

The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and
exocrine glands.

Skin, the largest organ of the body, is the primary organ of the integumentary system.

epidermis, which acts as a seamless, waterproof barrier to the external

environment and prevents excessive water loss from the body (the root "epi-"
means "above").
dermis, which provides the tensile strength and elasticity of the skin, contains
nerves and sensory receptors and contains blood vessels that aid in regulating
body temperature.
hypodermis, which attaches skin to other structures below it and acts as an
insulator and shock absorber (the root "hypo-" means "below").

Nails protect the phalanges from trauma, and provide mechanical support for
manipulating objects. Nails grow from epidermal cells in the nail beds.

Hair helps regulate body temperature and protect the surface of the body, including
eyelashes that protect the eyes.