Nama : Emilia Sari

Nim : 8156175004
Jurusan : Pendidikan Fisika
Kelas : Regular A Dikfis
Mata Kuliah : Fisika Sekolah
Dosen Pengampu : Prof. Motlan, M.Sc,Ph.D
Pengumpulan Tugas : 04 Desember 2015

1. Apa saja konsep yang harus dipahami siswa dalam topik gerak lurus
berubah beraturan dan jelaskan konsep tersebut.
Answer:
Konsep yang harus dipahami siswa dalam topic GLBB adalah :
a. Mendefinisikan Pengertian Gerak
b. Mendefinisikan Pengertian Gerak Lurus
c. Membedakan Jarak Dan Perpindahan
d. Mendefinisikan Konsep Kecepatan Dan Percepatan
e. Membedakan Percepatan Rata-Rata Dan Percepatan Sesaat
f. Mendefinisikan Konsep GLBB

Penjelasan terkait konsep di atas :

a. Gerak (Motion)
Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time.
Motion is defined as continuous change of position of a body.
Motion is the process of something moving or changing place, or
even just changing position.
Motion is the action of changing location or position.

b. Gerak Lurus (rectilinear motion)

Rectilinear motion is a linear motion in which the direction of the
velocity remains constant and the path is a straight line.

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 rectilinear motion is a continuous change of position of a body so
that every particle of the body follows a straight-line path. Also
known as linear motion.

c. Jarak dan Perpindahan (distance dan displacement)

The displacement of a particle is defined as its change in position.
Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an
object has covered" during its motion.
Distance is how much ground is covered by an object, regardless of
its starting or ending position. There is no directional component to
a distance measurement, making it a scalar quantity.
displacement, which is an object's change in position considering
its starting position and final position. A displacement
measurement does not take into account what route the object took
to change position, only where it started and where it ended.
Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of
place an object is"; it is the object's overall change in position.
To test your understanding of this distinction, consider the motion
depicted in the diagram below. A physics teacher walks 4 meters
East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and finally 2 meters North.

Even though the physics teacher has walked a total distance of 12

meters, her displacement is 0 meters. During the course of her
motion, she has "covered 12 meters of ground" (distance = 12 m).
Yet when she is finished walking, she is not "out of place" - i.e.,
there is no displacement for her motion (displacement = 0 m).
Displacement, being a vector quantity, must give attention to

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 direction. The 4 meters east cancels the 4 meters west; and the 2
meters south cancels the 2 meters north. Vector quantities such as
displacement are direction aware. Scalar quantities such as
distance are ignorant of direction. In determining the overall
distance traveled by the physics teachers, the various directions of
motion can be ignored.
Now consider another example. The diagram below shows the
position of a cross-country skier at various times. At each of the
indicated times, the skier turns around and reverses the direction of
travel. In other words, the skier moves from A to B to C to D.

d. Kecepatan, Kelajuan dan Percepatan

Speed is how long it takes for an object to travel a certain distance.
Its formula is distance divided by time, or d/t. A car's speed is often
measured in how many miles it can travel in an hour. So the
distance is miles and the time is hours (distance/time = Miles/Hour,
or Miles per Hour, or mph).
Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an object is
moving."
Velocity and speed are very close and often mixed up. They both
measure d/t. Velocity adds an extra step; it measures distance over
time or speed in a given direction. So a car's speed could be 55
mph, but its velocity would be 55 mph in a northward direction.
Velocity is a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which an
object changes its position."
Acceleration is when any part of an object's velocity changes. If the
object speeds up or travels over a given distance in a shorter
amount of time, then there is acceleration. There can also be
acceleration if an object changes direction. So even if the car
continues to travel at the speed of 55 mph but turns and heads in an
eastward direction, it is still accelerating.

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e. Percepatan Rata-rata dan Percepatan Sesaat
Instantaneous Speed - the speed at any given instant in time.
instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration of a body in linear
motion at any particular instant of its motion.
Average Speed - the average of all instantaneous speeds; found
simply by a distance/time ratio.
average acceleration is a fraction of change in velocity to time
period in a linear motion

f. GLBB
Uniform acceleration occurs when the speed of an object
changes at a constant rate. The acceleration is the same over
time. By relating acceleration to other variables such as speed,
time and distance we are able to manipulate data in many ways.
Uniformly accelerated motion is motion with a constant,
uniform change in velocity. This often, but does not always,
include a change in speed. For instance, an object falling in a
vacuum under the influence of gravity has nearly uniform
acceleration with a change in speed, while a planet orbiting a
star in a circular orbit has uniform acceleration with no change
in speed.

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2. Sebutkan konsep fundamental yang harus dipahami siswa SMA dalam
hukum-hukum Newton dan berikan contoh soal yang bercirikan
inkuiri (2 soal) untuk mengukur kemampuan siswa.
Answer :
Newton's Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton is the scientist whose ideas and laws have led to
modern day physics and the study of motion. Newton lived from 1643-1727.
He was knighted for his ideas about motion, gravity, and more. During his
studies he came up with three laws of motion.
Newton's First Law of Motion is that an object will stay at rest or
remain in uniform motion (constant velocity) unless acted upon by a
force. Inertia is an object's resistance to move; therefore this law is
often referred to as the law of inertia.
Basically, this explains that if an object is traveling at a constant speed
in the same direction, it will continue to move at the same speed in the
same direction unless it is pushed or pulled by something. This law is
easier to think about if you pretend gravity does not exist. Picture
rolling a marble in a gravity-free environment - the marble will
continue to roll unless something either pushes it or pulls it and either
slows it down, speeds it up, or changes its direction of travel.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: The relationship between an object's
mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma.
Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being
displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector
is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
Newton's Third Law of Motion: For every action there is an equal and
opposite re-action. This means that for every force there is a reaction
force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that
whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the
opposite direction equally hard

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Contoh soal yang bercirikan inkuiri (2 soal) untuk mengukur
kemampuan siswa :
1. Di meja guru telah tersedia 3 buah gelas (beri tanda A, B dan C). Gelas
A diisi es ditambah air, gelas B air biasa dan gelas C air hangat.

A B C

Guru meminta salah satu siswa untuk memasukkan tangan kanannya ke air
es, tangan kiri ke air biasa. Siswa diminta melaporkan apa yang dirasakan di
kedua tangannya. Guru meminta siswa untuk menebak apa yang akan
dirasakan pada kedua tangannya jika dimasukkan ke air biasa. Tebakan
siswa dicatat di papan tulis. Lalu siswa diminta memasukkan lagi seperti
tadi kira-kira satu menit dan memindahkan kedua tangannya ke air biasa
(gelas B). Beberapa pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan guru adalah:
a. Samakah panas yang dirasakan di kedua tangannya?
b. Apakah air dalam gelas B memiliki dua panas yang berbeda?
c. Berdasarkan pengalaman ini, apakah tangan merupakan alat ukur
panas yang baik?
d. Bagaimanakah cara membuat alat ukur panas yang baik?
2. A glass of water contains a single floating ice cube (Fig.1) When the ice
melts, does the water level go up, go down, or remain the same?

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 (Fig.1)

3. Berikan satu kompetensi dasar dan dua indicator untuk dinamika rotasi
dan soal yang bersifat inkuiri yang dapat digunakan untuk
mempermudah siswa memahami.
Answer :
Kompetensi Dasar Untuk Pengetahuan :
3.1. Menerapkan konsep torsi, momen inersa, titik berat, dan momentum
sudut pada benda tegar (statis dan dinamis) dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Indikator :
3.1.1. Menerapkan konsep torsi atau momen gaya
3.1.2. Menjelaskan tentang momen inersia untuk berbagai bentuk benda
tegar

Kompetensi Dasar untuk Keterampilan :

4.1. Merencanakan dan melaksanakan percobaan titik berat dan
keseimbangan benda tegar
Indikator :
4.1.1. dapat melakukan percobaan titik berat dengan baik.

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Soal Dinamika Rotasi Yang berbasis Inquiry :
1. The top shown below consists of a cylindrical spindle of negligible
mass attached to a conical base of mass m = 0.50 kg. The radius of the
spindle is r = 1.2 cm and the radius of the cone is R = 10 cm. A string is
wound around the spindle. The top is thrown forward with an initial
speed of v0 = 10 m/s while at the same time the string is yanked
backward. The top moves forward a distance s = 2.5 m, then stops and
spins in place.

Using rotational dynamics (and kinematics) determine

1. the moment of inertia I of the top (essentially, the moment of inertia
of a cone)
2. the tension T in the string
3. the final angular velocity of the top
4. the length l of string wound around the spindle

2. A kind of Atwood's machine is built from two cylinders of mass m1 and

m2; a cylindrical pulley of mass m3 and radius r; a light, frictionless
axle; and a piece of light, unstretchable string. The heavier mass m1 is
held above the ground a height h and then relased from rest.

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a. Draw a free body diagram showing all the forces acting on
1. the heavier mass
2. the lighter mass
3. the pulley
b. Write the equation stating Newton's second law of translational
motion for
1. the heavier mass
2. the lighter mass
and rotational motion for
3. the pulley
c. Determine the translational acceleration of
1. the heavier mass
2. the lighter mass
and the rotational acceleration of
3. the pulley
d. Determine the tension in the side of the string connected to
1. the heavier mass
2. the lighter mass
and the upward force of the axle on

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 3. the pulley
e. Lastly, determine
1. the time it takes for the heavier mass to reach the ground
2. its speed on impact
3. the rotational speed of the pulley at this time

4. Berikan penjelasan singkat mengenai suhu dan kalor yang bersifat

kontekstual untuk siswa SMA.
Answer :
Heat is a form of energy.
Heat is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a
body
Heat is measured in Joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ).
Heat energy flows from bodies of high temperature to bodies of
lower temperature.
The heat content of a body depends on its mass, temperature and
the material it is made of.

Temperature is the degree of hotness.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a body.
At absolute zero, the particles have zero kinetic energy.
If heat is put into a body, the temperature rises (unless a change of
state is taking place).
Temperature scales used are Celsius (0C) and Kelvin (K):
K 0 C 273
0
C K 273

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Water as an Extinguishing Agent
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of 1 kg of substance by 10C.
The latent heat of vaporisation is the amount of heat required to
change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas or vapour.
Water is a very effective cooling agent because of its high specific
heat and high latent heat of vaporisation.
More heat is required to change water to steam than to raise its
temperature to boiling point.
Transmission of Heat
Heat is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation and
direct burning.
Conduction takes place in solids when the heat energy is transferred
from particle to particle, by collision.
Metals are good conductors of heat
Fire spread by conduction may take place along steel beams.
Convection takes place in liquids and gases, when the substance
itself moves, carrying the energy with it.
Fire spread may take place by convection when hot gases rise to the
top of a building
Replacement of hot gases by cooler ones when convection takes
place means a fire may have a continuous supply of oxygen.
Radiation is the transfer of heat by energy waves.
Radiant energy may be absorbed, transmitted, reflected
Black, dull surfaces are good absorbers (and radiators).
White, shiny or silver surfaces are good reflectors.
Transparent materials transmit radiant energy.
Radiant energy decreases with the square of the distance from the
source.
Fire spread by radiation may take place when materials continue to
absorb radiant energy until ignition temperature is reached.

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