BAB III

BIODIVERITY OR THE KINDS

OF ORGANISMS

3.1 WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?

BIODIVERSITY IS ..........

1. In science, every single living things are called organisms.

2. There are millions of different types of organisms living on this planet,
for example : humants, ants, elephants, parrots, mushrooms and algae.
3. Biological diversity or in short, biodiversity refers to the wide variety of
organisms on h earth.
4. Biodiversity is found everywhere around us. Table 3.1 shows the
biodiversity in various habitats.
Habitat Biodiversity
Rainforest - Tigers, monkeys, snakes, deer, owls, squirrels, ferns
(pakis), bamboo plants (bamboo), wild orchid (bunga liar)
Pond - Frogs, fish, water sanils (belut), dragonflies (capung),
water, hyacinth (bunga bakung), amobae.
Desert - Camels, lizard, kangaroo, cacti (kaktus).
Polar region - Polar bears, arctic, foxes, seals, penguins, snow rabbits,
moss, lichenes.
Sea - Sharks, fish, jellyfish, prawns, sponges, seaweed, oysters.
Soil - Earthworms, snakes, ants, millipedes, centipedes,
scorpions, fungi, bacteria.

5. One reason why there are so many kinds of organisms is that earth has a
great range of climates and habitats.
6. Different organisms have different characteristic to adapt and survive in
their habitats of different climates.
a. Polar regions are very cold. Animals living there usually grow thick
coats of hair or have a thick layer of fat to keep them warm.
Example : polar bird.
b. Desert are extremely hot and dry. Camels can go without water for
many days because the fats stored in their humps can be broken down
to water. Example: - Camels
 - Cacti have spongs tissues and the central
stem, have long root find water in sand.
c. Water living things have a gills and fin. Example : fish.

3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

1. Nobody actually knows how many kinds of organisms there are. Scientist
estimate that there are about 10 to 100 million kinds of organisms on
earth.
2. So far scientist have only discovered about two million kinds of
organisms. More are being discovered every year.
3. In order to study huge diversity of organisms. Scientists sort organisms
into groups.
4. The sorting of organisms into groups is called classification of organisms.
5. Scientist use the similarities and differences among organisms to classify
them :
a. Organisms with the same characteristic are placed together in the
same group.
b. Each group is then further divided into smaller and even smaller
groups.
c. The smaller the group. The more similarities there are among the
group members.
6. The present classification divides organisms into five major groups called
kingdoms. They are animals, plants, fungi (mould), monera (bacteria), and
very simple organisms (protista).
- Each kingdom divides in to smalls group is called classis.
- Each classis divides in to smalls group is called ordo.
- Each ordo divides in to smalls group is called famillia.
- Each famillia divides in to smalls group is called genus.
- Each genus divides in to smalls group is called spesies.
7. Two of the more familiar kingdoms are the animals and the plants.
The classification organisms half to students to learn biology diversity of
organisms.
In the commenns classification is based the characteristic organisms.
Example :
1. Types and size
2. Environment of organisms life (habitat)
3. Advantages
4. The way of life
 The pionners of life idea is Mr. Coroleus Linneus and so this coulled the
pionners of classification organisms. The groups organisms and spesies
has more similarities.
Example : Corns as called spesies and have name Zea mays.
Zea is name of genus. Mays is name of specific the
characteristic .
Example : Step of animal and plants classification from step kingdom until
spesies.
Animal world Plants world
1. Filum 1. Divisio
2. Sub filum 2. Sub divisio
3. Classis 3. Classis
4. Ordo 4. Ordo
5. Familia 5. Familia
6. Genus 6. Genus
7. Spesies 7. Spesies