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1. .................................................................................................................. 8
1.1 ............................................................................................................... 9
1.2 ......................................................................................... 10
1.3 .......................................................................................................... 11
1.4. ................................................................................................ 11
1.5 ........................................................................................................... 12
1.6 ........................................................................... 12
1.6.1 .................................................................................................. 12
1.6.2 .................................................................................................... 14
1.6.3 .................................................................................... 16
1.7 ................................................................... 16
1.7.1 ............................................................................................. 16
1.7.2 .............................................. 19
2. .......................................................................................................... 21
2.1 ................................................................................................. 21
2.1.1 ....................................................................................................... 21
2.1.2 ................................................................................................................ 23
2.1.3. ............................................................................................................. 25
2.1.3.1 ............................................................................ 26
2.1.3.2. ....................................................................... 27
2.2 ......................................................................................... 28
2.2.1 .................................................... 29
2.2.2 ................................................... 32
2.2.2.1 ................................. 32
2.2.2.2
.................................. 32
3. ..31
3.1 ......................................................... 37
3.2 .................................................................. 38
3.3 ( ) .................................... 40
3.4 ..................................................................... 43

6
 3.5 ............................................................... 46
3.6 ( ) ..................... 48
4. ....................... 50
4.1 ............................................. 50
4.1.1 ................................................................. 50
4.1.2 ................................................................................ 52
4.1.3 ................................. 57
4.1.3.1 ........................................................................................ 58
4.1.3.2 ()........................................................................... 61
4.1.3.3 .................................................................................... 67
4.1.4 ............................................................................................ 68
4.2
................................................. 70
4.2.1 ... 70
4.2.2
................................................................ 81
4.3 ............................................................................... 84
5. ........................................................................................... 86
5.1 ................................................................................................................. 86
5.2 ................................................................................................................. 88
......................................................................................................... 89

7
 1.
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(Trimingham 1952, 42)
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(1987) Some Prominent Features of Menzuma
in Wollo Region (1990) Islamic Oral Poetry in Wollo a
Prelimainary Descriptive Analysis
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1.6.1

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Ben-Amos (1974)
"The meaning of a text is its meaning in context In
terms of contextual analysis there is no dichotomy between text and context.
(1993, 209)

12


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(Finnegan 1977, Rappaport 1999)

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Rappaport (1992)
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Sims Stephens (2005102-105)

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()

Sims Stephens (200595)

Rituals are frequently highly organized and controlled, often meant to indicate or
announce membership in a group. Most rituals bring together many types of folklore:
verbal, such as chants, recitations, poems or songs; customary, such as gestures,
dance or movements; and material, such as food, books, awards, clothing and
costumes

22



Finnegan (199286)
?
?

Bell (1997: 93-94)

Bell (1997: 239). Calenderical rites give socially meaning

full definition to the passage of time, creating an ever-renewing cycle of days,
months and years. ,


8 10 ( )

2.1.2
Green (1997630) Folklore an Encyclopedia of
Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art;
-

23


(Bauman 1976: 4-5)

Rappaport (1992, 250)

there is no performance, there is no ritual; performance it selaf is an aspect

of that which is performed. The medium is apart of the message; more precisely,
it is a metamessage about what ever is encoded in the ritual.

Sims
Stephens (2005 94-126)

24


(Finnegan 1977, Rappaport
1999) /
/

2.1.3.
Dundes
(1994 86)


Abrahams (197245) "Context is semm in such phrase as cermonial
communicative interactionof small groups complex communicative event.")
Sims Stephens (200537) Context refers to
anything and everthing that surrounds a text and performance

Bauman 1983 (362- 367)

25



(social context) (cultural context)

2.1.3.1



(Bauman 1983:363)

26
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Some prominent Features of Menzuma in Wollo Region
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24
Sims Stephens (200595) (Myerhoff 1977, 200)
- Rituals are performances that are repeated, patterned, and
frequently include ceremonial actions that incorporate symbols, action, repetition; and perhaps
most significant to our being able to recognize rituals, they have a frame that indicates when
the ritual begins and ends.

57


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25

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Terimingham (1952, 249) Islam in
Ethiopia The practice involved ziyara to these shrines, although its own
unique local usages, follows normal Islamic practice. Worship at the shrine takes two forms:
visites in honour of the saint and visits to secure his aid. The word ziyara is especially
attached to the annual pilgrimage, whose practices involve the procession round the tomb, visit
inside, with the appropriate prayers, eulogies chanted in his honour (sometimes performance
of mulid with a dhikr and recitation of Quran),

59
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Sims Stephens (200595)
Rituals are frequently highly organized and controlled, often meant to indicate or announce
membership in a group. Most rituals bring together many types of folklore: verbal, such as
chants, recitations, poems or songs; customary, such as gestures, dance or movements; and
material, such as food, books, awards, clothing and costumes

81
 09/06/2005 .

( )

( ) /


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82
 .

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51

(Surviving Historical Events) -

()

(Prown, 19823) The most obvious cultural beliefs associated with

51

material objects has to do with value.

83
 52

(More Representativeness)

4.3 (Function)
William R. Bascom
(1965 279298) (escape, validation, education, and social
control)
(Functions)
()

()


53

52
Prown (19823).
Objects created in the past are the only historical occurrences that continue to exist the
present. They provide an opportunity by which we encounter the past at first hand; we have
direct sensory experience of surviving historical events.
53
4.1.2.4
.

84
 ( )
-

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Abrahams, Roger. 1968. Introductory Remarks to a Rhetorical Theory of

Folklore. Journal of American Folklore 8 l (320): 143-58

Assafa Mammo, (1987) Some prominent Features of Menzuma in Wollo

Region Addis Ababa University M.A Degree.

Bauman, Richard. (1983). Handbook of American Folklore, Journal of

American Folklore pp. 362-367. Dorson R(Ed).

Birhanu Gabayahu, (1990) Islamic Oral poetry in Wollo a prelimainary

Descriptive Analysis Addis Ababa University M.A Degree.

Catherine Bell. (1997) Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New Y ork: O x

Ford U niversity press,

Dan Ben-Amos. (1993) "Context" in Context. Theorizing Folklore: Toward New

Perspectives on the Politics of Culture. The Journal of American
Folklore, Vol.52, No. 2/4, pp. 209-226. Published by American
Folklore Society.
Goldstein, Kenneth S. (1974) A Guide for Field Workers in Folklore. By Folklore
Associates, Inc. Hatboro, Pennsylvania; Republished by Gale
Research Company, Book Tower, Detroit,
Jackson, Bruce. (1987) Fieldwork. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois
Press,

MacDonald, Donald A. (1972) Fieldwork: Collecting Oral Literature. In

Folklore and Folk life: An Introduction. (Richard M. Dorson (Ed.)).

Chicago and Landon; the University of Chicago Press,

Rappaport, Roy A. (1992) Folklore, Cultural Performances, and Popular

89
 Ertainments, Ed. Richard Bauman, (249-260). New York, Oxford
University Press. .

Sims, M. C and Stephens, M. (2005) Living Folklore: An introduction to the

Study People and their Tradition. Logan; Utah state University press.

Terimingham, Spencer (1952) Islam in Ethiopia. Geoffrey Cumberlege; Oxford

University Press, London.

Thomas A. Green (Ed). (1997) Folklore an Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs,

Tales, Music, and Art; Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado

Oxford, England.

(1974) ..

(1997)

..

(2002) ..

(1984)
() ..

(1997) ..

(1972) ..

(1995)

90
 ..

(1998)

..

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..

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