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Potency: DHT>Testosterone>Androstenedione
FUNCTION mediated by
Testosterone & DHT
Controls 2 functions :
Spermatogenesis TESTOSTERONE
Synthesis & secretion of sex steroid hormone 95% formed by Leydig / Interstitial cells
(TESTOSTERONE) 5% formed by adrenal glands
In the HYPOTHALAMUS Biosynthesis:
GNRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) able to convert androstenedione TEST
TEST can be converted to
- pulsatile secretion
- secreted by pre optic nucleus of the ESTRADIOL by aromatization (aromatase)
hypothalamus 7%
- travels in hypothalamic- hypophyseal most potent estrogen
portal blood DHT/ DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE by
- acts on gonadotropins on the ant. reduction via
Pituitary FSH & LH (pulsatile)
5 reductase most Female reproductive tract (FT)
potent androgen 2. Prostatic Vesicle secretion (30%)
- PAP, PSA, fibrinolysin, citric acid, Zn & PL
Function: liquefies seminal fluid
1. Differentiation of internal genitalia (fetus) 3. Spermatozoa (10%)
- epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle
2. Growth spurt (puberty) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- growth of penis & seminal vesicle
- deepening of voice
3. Increase muscle mass
4. Increase RBC due to EPO production stim.
5. Cessation of growth spurt
- closure of epiphysis w/c is mediated by
ESTROGEN
(TEST aromatase ESTROGEN)
DHT
Functions:
1. Differentiation of external genitalia (fetus)
penis, scrotum & prostate
OOGENESIS
2. Male hair pattern & baldness
- Development of mature oocytes
3. Sebaceous gland activity
- Pre- natal : Begins in fetal life
4. Growth of prostate RISK OF CA @ week 20 : proliferation ends & number is at 7M
Remains at dictotyne stage just before PUBERTY
5 REDUCTASE INHIBITORS - Post- natal : begins in puberty
Ex. Finasteride 1 oocyte (2N)
Inhibits TESTOSTERONE 5 reductase DHT Meiosis I
Used as tx for: 2 oocyte & 1 polar body
1. BPH Meiosis II happens only if there is sperm
2. hair baldness Mature ovum & polar body (2nd)
3. hirsutism No sperm
4. Breast tumor MENSTRUATION (ovum NOT
5. Skin ageing formed)
EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE
Inhibits hypothal-pit-gonadal axis
testosterone levels azoospermia & size of testes
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ESTROGEN
SOURCES:
1. Ovary (17 estradiol)
2. Placenta (estriol)
3. Blood (aromatization)
BIOSYNTHESIS: 2-cell-2 gonadotropin model
17- estradiol requires granulosa & theca cells
Potency: estradiol>estrone>estriol