A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND

SAFETY IN HABONIM VAAS AUTOMATION

PVT LTD.

BY
RATHISH. R
Reg. No. MA70120

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted as a summer project for

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
OF
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

ASAN MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND

SCIENCE
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

VELACHERY – TAMBARAM MAIN ROAD, JALADAMPET,

CHENNAI – 600100.
 MAY – JUNE 2008

21-06-2008

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Rathish. R, Ist M.B.A Student of Asan

Memorial College of Arts & Science, Jaladampet, Chennai-600100,
had undertaken a project in the area of HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT in this organization as a part of his curriculum during
june 2008.

N.Arunachalam
Manager HR & Admin
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship Report titled “HEALTH AND SAFETY“ is a

bonafide record of work carried out by Mr. Rathish. R under my guidance, in partial

fulfilment of the requirement for the Soft skill Training for PG courses of University of

Madras.

(Rajesh.)
H.O.D PROJECT
GUIDE
 Dr.
P.V.Mathew,
Principal cum Director.

DECLARATION

I, Rathish. R here by declare that this internship Report titled “A

STUDY ON

EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN HABONIM VAAS

AUTOMATION PVT

LTD” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Soft

skills Training

for PG courses of University of Madras is my original work and it has

not formed

the basis for the award of any other degree.

Place: Chennai
RATHISH. R

Date :

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY

Habonium Vaas is a company that produces different types of Valves. They have a

manufacturing unit that has 120 employees who are working in shifts. As a

manufacturing company it has to provide with certain Mandatory health and safety

measures as per the Factories act of 1947. The main objective of the project is to find out

the health and safety measures of the company, to know whether the company follows all

the mandatory procedures prescribed by law. And project was also done with a view to

find the awareness and satisfaction of the employees with respect to the Health and

Safety measures provided.

For the purpose of research a survey was conducted with 60 employees of the company

and the data was analysed by using percentage analysis.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Increasing number of accidents involving workers has drawn our attention towards safety

measures in the factories. Accidents not only affect workers loosing their livelihood but

also employers in terms of compensation to be paid to the workers. Accidents are a

significant cause of dispute between workers and management. With the coming in of

new set up of industries e.g., steel production, engineering, fertilizers, chemicals and

petro-chemicals, oil refining etc., and increasing use of machine power, industrial

complexities in terms of process of production have increased. This has given rise to

hazards and risks.

Safety measures are to be adopted against such risks and hazards. The Factories Act,

1948 has laid down certain measures for the safety of workers employed in the factories.

In this lesson, we shall study about the safety measures in factories.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

 To know the health and safety measures of the company.

 To know the employees awareness about health and safety measures.

 To know important given to health and safety measures of employees by

company.

 To compare the company standard with the Industry.

  To find any employee grievance and to provide better health and safety

measures if needed.

1.3 NEED FOR SAFETY MEASURES

Safety measures result in improving the conditions under which workers are employed
and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides protection to
their life and limb. Inadequate provision of safety measures in factories may lead to
increase in the number of accidents. Human failure due to carelessness, ignorance,
inadequate skill, and improper supervision have also contributed to accidents, and the
consequent need for safety measures. Other factors giving rise to the need for safety
measures are:
— Rapid industrialization with its complexities in manufacturing
process and layout;

— Expansion or modifications in existing factories;

— Setting up of new industries involving hazards not known earlier;

— Lack of safety consciousness on the part of both workers and management;

— Inadequate realisation of the financial implications of accidents.

1.4 Methodological design of the problem

1.4.1 Statement of study

“A study on employee health and safety in HABONIM VAAS AUTOMATION

PVT LTD”

1.4.2 Types of data used

Primary data:- a survey was conducted with 60 employees in HABONIM VAAS

and the data is taken for analysis.
 Secondary data:- secondary data was collected from newspapers, company
websites and other general publications.

1.4.3 Sample design

a) population:- all the employees

b) method of sampling:- convenience sampling
c) sample size:- 60
d) tool for data collection:- survey

1.4.4 Tools for analysis

 percentage analysis

1.4.5 Tools used for projection of findings

 pie charts
 doughnuts
1.4.6 Limitation of study

 The study was limited to only half of the employees working in the
company.

PROFILE – HABONIM VAAS AUTOMATION PVT LTD.

2.1 VAAS INDUSTRY

VAAS Group commenced operations in 1980 as a trading house focusing on high quality
industrial valves. Promoted by a valve technocrat, the philosophy of the group has always
been to provide the user with the optimum solution to their valve needs rather than just
sell valves. This has resulted in a loyal customer base for all the products VAAS is
associated with. Another facet of the group has been their pioneering role in bringing the
best valve technology to the Indian customer.

It was in this direction that VAAS set up India's first Knife Gate valve company in
1985 in collaboration with a leading US manufacturer. Over the years, this operation
has grown into an organization with capability to design, manufacture and test one of
the widest range of knife gate valves, worldwide. The 1200 sq.m. facility at Chennai,
India is equipped with the most modern machinery and CAD design tools. The
present user base includes virtually every major user of this product in India, besides
customers in overseas markets.

Continuing with the policy of adopting the best technology, in 1995, the group set up
another unit, HABONIM-VAAS in joint venture with HABONIM, Israel, also at
Chennai, for manufacture of high quality ball valves and actuators.

VAAS believes in providing high quality products and reliable support through a network
of own offices, distributors and associates in India and other countries. Presently VAAS
products are sold in an ever increasing market including India, UK, USA, Australia and
the Far Eastern countries.

At VAAS they thrive on challenges- in application solving, competitive pricing, meeting

tight deadlines; but then, our valves out perform even us!.
HABONIM

Recognising the need for a High Quality Ball Valve in the Indian and Asia-Pacific
Market, Vaas group entered into a joint venture between Habonim Industrial Valves Ltd.,
Israel. Manufacturing commenced in 1995 for a wide range of Habonim 3-piece, Single
piece and Two piece Ball Valves.

HABONIM is a 40-year old ISO-9001 company with an international reputation for their
high quality ball valves and the unique four-piston cylinder actuator. HABONIM and
VAAS share the pioneering spirit and HABONIM today is one of the few companies in
the world capable of supplying ball valves for ultra clean applications such as those in the
food and semiconductor industry.

Habonim Vaas range includes standard valves up to 6" and a variety of specials including
Diverter Ball valves, Cavity Filler Ball valves, Flush Bottom valves, Cryogenic Ball
Valves, V-Port Ball valves etc. In a short span of 4 years, HABONIM-VAAS has added a
number of important clients to its list in India, Thailand, Singapore and Australia.

Besides the core business of manufacture and supply of ball valves and actuators,
HABONIM-VAAS undertakes automation of all types of quarter-turn valves-plug,
butterfly, v-ball, dampers, to name a few. This activity is centered around its unique and
highly acclaimed "Compact" actuator and forms a good part of the business.
At HABONIM-VAAS they don't compromise on quality. They thrive on it

2.2 PRODUCTS

Ball valves

3-Piece Ball Valves : 46 / 47 series Ball Valves in Screwed,

Socket weld, Butt-weld end connections
 Single Piece Ball valves : 31 / 32 series Regular Bore, Single
piece design Flanged Ball Valves.
Other drillings available on request

Two Piece Full Bore Ball Valves : 73 / 74 series Full Bore, Two piece
design Flanged Ball Valves.
Other drillings available on request.

Special Ball Valves : Fire safe, Versatile Diverter Valve,

Cavity filler Ball valve, Flush bottom Ball valves,
Cryogenic Ball valves and V-port Control Valve.

Actuators

HABONIM "COMPACT" Unique Four Piston Pneumatic actuators Double Acting

and Spring return type.

Automation
Automation of Rotary valves like Butterfly Valves, Plug Valves of other make with
HABONIM Pneumatic actuators and other accessories..

2.3 APPLICATIONS

Habonim specializes in Ball Valves for Oxygen, Chlorine, Cryogenic duties, High
Vacuum services, Food grade services, Nuclear applications & Ultra Clean valves.
Habonim Ball valves are widely used in Industries like PETROCHEMICAL,
REFINERY, OIL & GAS, CHEMICAL, FOOD & PHARMA, NUCLEAR, PAPER &
PULP, POWER PLANTS

AUTOMATION

Apart from supplying Habonim Ball valves with actuators, we also do automation for
Rotary Valves like Butterfly Valves, Plug Valves and Butterfly Dampers to give our
customers complete Automation solutions

We source Butterfly Valves, Plug valves from the leading manufacturers and automate
with HABONIM'S COMPACT Actuator and other accessories upon customer
requirements.
 • Automation can be with various options like:
o HABONIM Pneumatic actuator - Double acting type or Spring Return
type
o Solenoid valves
o Positioners
o Limit Switches
o Air Filter Regulators
o Hand wheels

ACTUATOR

COMPACT'S superiority over single and double rack designs is achieved through
distribution of the total torque equally among its four racks so that racks generates less
torque. At a given air pressure, COMPACT can produce the same torque output using
smaller diameter pistons and a narrower pinion. Four small cylinder, each located on one
side of a cube, permit a compact, space saving shape.
A narrower pinion results in a shorter piston travel which makes the COMPACT fast
acting.

COMPACT'S cube shape and short piston travel minimize dead space. Dead space is
space not swept by piston travel that must be pressurized before piston motion begins.
This is pressurized air that does no work but nonetheless requires energy to maintain
pressure.

COMPACT's minimum dead space geometry means minimum air consumption, which in
turn means maximum energy efficiency, since little pressurized air goes to waste

For use in extremely corrosive environments, HABONIM-VAAS can supply the actuator
with a stainless steel dome cover. The Compact actuator can be easily fitted with a round
dome due to its symmetrical shape, unlike conventional two-piston actuators. The dome
cover can also house accessories such as solenoid valve.
lve and limit switches, making it possible to use basic switches and solenoid valves
without separate weather-proof enclosures. The dome has been tested and is rated to
weather-proof to IP65.

2.4 COMMUNICATION

The company uses the following communication method for communicating information
with in the company and also for external communication.

Internal Communication:

I. Downward Communication
 • Notice board (Spiral Communication)
• Circular (Spiral Communication)

II. Upward communication

• Letters
• Suggestion box

III. Horizontal communication

• Email (Office Outlook)
• Memos
• Telephones

External Communication:

I. Letters
II. Telephones
III. Emails
IV. Fax

CHAPTER III THEORATICAL BACKGROUND

3.1 HEALTH (SECTION 11 TO 20)

Cleanliness (section 11): House keeping is the modern term used for keeping the factory
premises clean tidy. Factories must not only be kept clean but must be maintained with
cleanliness in such a way that accumulation of dirt and refuse must be avoided. Constant
cleaning of effluvia (disagreeable vapours) arising from any drain is needed. Removal of
dirt and refuse alone is not enough, but they have to be disposed of in a suitable manner
without, causing detriment to the residents of the locality.
The floor on which the worker stands and works for hours together must not be wet and
it must be free from moisture. Water should not be allowed to stagnate and suitable
arrangements must be made for draining.
Constantly, detergent and disinfectants must be used for washing the floor with
sophisticated substance, such painting and varnishing can be made once in five years.
How ever, if the walls are painted with sophisticated washable water hand, if washable
water paints are to be painted on smooth or impervious (without gaps) surface, painting
should be done at least once in 3 years. If the walls have to be kept white-washed or
colour washed, such washing should be carried out at least once in 14 months. It is
desirable to wash the entire walls with water every 6 months.
A suitable register must be maintained, disclosing the dates on which white
washing/colour washing or painting has been done.

Disposal of wastes and effluents (section 12): Wastes and effluents are to be disposed
of in order to maintain the hygiene inside the factory. However, such wastes cannot be let
out without treatment. This is because wastes would pollute the surroundings. Norms laid
down by the state pollution control board have to be observed strictly in this regard.

Ventilation and temperature (section 13): Ventilation and air circulation ensure normal
health to the workmen. In order to maintain ventilation and fresh air circulation,
temperature in the working place should be secured. For this purpose, the interior walls
and roofs of the factory must be properly designed and provided with heat resisting or
heat proof materials by way of insulation. Reasonable care should betaken for colour
washing interior walls with psychologically pleasing colours such as light green, etc.

Dust and fumes (secton14): Effective measures have to be adopted in order to prevent
the workers inhaling dust, fumes and other impurities that are present (which cannot be
seen through naked eye) in the air. Control devices or tools have to be used for the
purpose of preventing dust and fumes. Use of exhaust fans is highly recommended in
such places.
No stationary internal combustion engine is allowed to be operated unless proper
arrangements are mad4e to prevent accumulation of injurious fumes caused thereon.

Artificial humidification (section 15): In factories where artificial humidification is

adopted from the point of view of manufacturing a product (eg., in a textile mill). The
norms prescribed by the government must be strictly followed for increasing or
decreasing or maintaining such artificial humidification. Humidifiers for keeping air
moisture at even level shall be provided. Water used in these plants must constantly be
changed and it must be pure. Otherwise it will give room for water borne diseases among
workers.

Overcrowding (section16): Every worker requires at least 350 cubic feet 9now after the
commencement of the act, 500 cubic feet) for the purpose of enabling him to work with
ease and comfort ensuring mobility. However, while calculating the aggregate space, no
account shall be taken of any space which is more than 14 feet above the level of the
floor. The chief inspector of factories, by notice may specify the number of persons to be
employed in a room.

Lighting (sectin17): Too much light throws glare on normal vision. Diffused light does
not help to promote proper vision. Hence, the required light with minimum power must
be provided. Glazed windows and sky lights through which rooms are ventilated have to
be constantly cleaned from the inner and outer surfaces. Glares and shadows must be
avoided from distorting the vision of eye. Otherwise workmen would strain their eyes
leading to risks.

Drinking water (section 18): Potable, pure or wholesome drinking water shall be made
available to workmen at convenient points. A notice board must be displayed indicating
availability of such facility. The notice shall also contain the caption ‘drinking water’ in
local language. If the strength of the workers increases beyond 250 cool water equipment
must be provided to ensure supply of chilled water. The points at which drinking water is
supplied shall legibly marked “drinking water” in a language understood by a maho9rity
of employees. Such water points must be located beyond 6 meters of any washing place.
Urinals, latrine, spittoon and open drainage, carrying sullage or effluent. Shorter distance
shall be permitted for locating water points only with the approval of chief inspector of
factories.

Latrines and urinals (section 19): For a human being, two places are very important
and both of them have to kept clean and tidy. They are – (i) latrines and urinals; (ii)
places where people rest and relax.
 Factories where more than 250 workers are ordinarily employed, the latrine and urinal
accommodation shall be of the prescribed sanitary type. The floors internal walls upto a
height of 3 feet and above from the floor levels should be laid in glazed tiles. If tiles are
not provided for, the latrines cannot be kept clean as the bad water would pass through
the pores of latrine walls. Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty is to keep the
latrines and urinals clean and washing places tidy.

Spittoons (section 20): Spittoons are nothing but pots that are specially provided for,
into which, the workers have to spit. Workers cannot spit as they like, as that would spoil
the cleanliness and hygiene of the factory. Sufficient number of spittoons should be
provided, taking into account the number of persons employed. A fine of rs.5 would be
imposed on any who violates the rule.

3.2 SAFETY (Section 21 to 40)

Safety Measures

Safety measures which are provided in the Factories Act, 1948, are considered to be
minimum in terms of adequacy. Such measures are required to be effectively
implemented. In addition to implementing safety measures provided in the Factories Act,
there is also need for providing training in safety to workers, and installing safety
equipment in the factories. Employers should take the initiative in providing training
in safety to employees. Workers’ unions should take interest in safety promotion.
Periodic training courses in accident prevention can be organised. Safety should become
a habit with employers and the workers alike. The Factories Act provides for the
following safety measures:—

Fencing of machinery (section 21):

In every factory the following namely,
a) Every moving part of a prime mover, and every fly-wheel connected to a prime
mover, whether the prime mover of fly-wheel is in the engine house or not;
b) The headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water-turbine;
c) Any part of a stock-bar which projects beyond the headstock of a lathe;
d) Every part of an electric generator, a motor or rotary convector;
e) Every part of transmission machinery; and
f) Every dangerous part of any other machinery must be fenced in a secured manner
by substantial construction wh8ch should be constantly maintained. They have to
be kept in proper position when the parts of machinery are in motion.

The manager of the factory should take particular care to provide safeguard devices to
keep the machine in tact, so that it cannot come into contact with workers and thereby
cause injury. If, for some reason, the guard or fencing has fallen down, leaving the
authorities failed to show, so as to convince as to the steps diligently taken by them for
safeguarding the machine, they would become vicariously liable for the negligence of the
third parties. Vicarious liability means master being held liable for the negligence of the
servants.

It is the duty of the authorities in control of the factory to fence the dangerous machinery
not only against any dangers foreseen or unforeseen but also foreseeable and
unforeseeable.

There is a duty on the part of the occupier in shutting off the machinery so that it cannot
fly off and strike the workmen if it breaks. However, it is not obligatory for him to
protect and cover the workmen from being hit by the machine at any time accidentally.

Work on or near machinery in motion (section 22): such of those parts of machine
that are in motion may have to be constantly examined in order to ensure that there is no
friction. The examination, including lubrication on these moving parts of the machinery
must be done only by the adult male workers with tights fitting clothes. It is better such
tight fitting clothes are supplied by the occupier.

An adult worker cannot handle any belt which is less than 15 cms width. The factory act,
under section 22 lays down the norms with regard to the fitment of both pulleys,
footholds and handholds, etc.

The term dangerous part signifies any part of the machinery which is in the course of its
ordinary functioning, may cause danger. It may also be reasonably anticipated that it
would involve risk, taking into account factories incidental and consequential.

Employment of Young Persons on Dangerous Machines (section 23):

The Factories Act prohibits employment of young persons on certain types of machines
as specified under Sec.23 of the Act. They can work only after they have been fully
instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machines and the precautions
to be observed. They should have received sufficient training in work at such machines.
They should be under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge
and experience of the machines.

Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off Power (section 24):
In every factory —
i) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and
maintained, and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form
part of transmission machinery. Such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed
and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley.
ii) driving belts when not in use, shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in motion.
In every factory, suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies from running
machinery shall be provided and maintained in every workroom.

Self-acting Machine (section 25):

No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory, and no material carried thereon
shall, if the space over which it runs, is a space cover which any person is liable to pass,
whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed to run on its outward
or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed structure which is
not a part of the machine. This is to safeguard the workers from being injured by self
acting machines.

Casing of New Machinery (section 26):

Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel, or pinion shall be so
sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger in all machinery
driven by power and installed in the factory. The State government is authorised to make
rules specifying further safeguards to be provided in respect of any dangerous part of any
particular machine or class or description of machines in this connection.

Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near

Cotton openers (section 27):
No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing a cotton–
opener is at work.

Hoists and Lifts (section 28):

In every factory—
i) hoists and lifts shall be of good mechanical construction, sound material and of
adequate strength;
ii) they shall be properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent
person at least once in every period of six months. A register shall be kept containing the
prescribed particulars of each such examination;
iii) every hoist way and lift way shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure fitted with
gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent
any person or thing from being trapped between any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed
structure or moving part.
iv) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked on every hoist or lift, and no
load greater than such load shall be carried thereon.
v) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on
each side from which access is afforded to a landing.

vi) every gate shall be fitted with interlocking or other efficient device to secure that the
gate cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing and that the cage cannot be
moved unless the gate is closed. Where in the hoists and lifts used for carrying persons,
the cage is supported by rope or chain, there shall be at least two ropes or chains
separately connected with the cage and balance weight, and each rope or chain with its
attachments shall be capable of carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its
maximum load.

Efficient devices shall be provided and maintained capable of supporting the cage
together with its maximum load in the event of breakage of the rope, chain or
attachments. An efficient automatic device shall be provided and maintained to prevent
the cage from overrunning.

Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (section 29):

‘Lifting machine’ means any crane, crab, winch, teagle, pulley block, gin wheel, and
runway. ‘Lifting tackle’ means chain slings, rope slings, hooks, shackles and swivels.
In every factory, following safety measures shall be adopted in respect of every lifting
machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the
purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials—
a) All parts including the working gear of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or
lifting tackle shall be
— of good construction, sound material and adequate strength, and free from defect;
— properly maintained ; and
— thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve
months.
b) No lifting machine and no chain, rope, or lifting tackle shall be loaded beyond the safe
working load which shall be plainly marked on it.

c) While any person is employed or working on or near the wheel track of a travelling
crane in any place where he would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective measures
shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within twenty feet of that place.
A lifting machine or a chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be thoroughly examined in order
to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to its safety.
Revolving Machinery (section 30):
Effective measures shall be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working
peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley disc or similar
appliance driven by power is not exceeded. A notice indicating the maximum safe
working peripheral speed of every revolving machinery shall be put up in every room in a
factory in which the process of grinding is carried on.

Pressure Plant (section 31):

If in any factory, any part of the plant or machinery used in a manufacturing process is
operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to
ensure that the safe working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

Floors, Stairs, and Means of Access (section 32):

In every factory—
a) all floors, steps, stairs and passages shall be of sound construction and properly
maintained, and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, and passages shall be
provided with substantial hand rails;
b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided, and maintained safe means
of access to every place at which any person is at any time required to work.

Pits, Sumps, openings in floor etc. (section 33):

which may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.
Securely fencing a pit means covering or fencing it in such a way that it ceases to be a
source of danger.
Excessive Weights (section 34):
No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to
be likely to cause him an injury.

Protection of Eyes (section 35):

If the manufacturing process carried on in any factory is such that it involves (a) risk of
injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process or (b) risk to the
eyes by reason of exposure to excessive lights, effective screens or suitable goggles shall
be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the immediate nearness of,
the process.

Precautions against Dangerous Fumes and use of Portable

Light (section 36):
i) No person shall enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe or other confined space in a
factory in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to such an extent as to cause
risk of persons being overcome thereby;
ii) No portable electric light of voltage exceeding twenty four volts shall be permitted in
any factory for use inside any confined space. Where the fumes present are likely to be
inflammable no lamp or light, other than of flame–proof nature, shall be allowed to be
used.

iii) No person in any factory shall be allowed to enter any confined space, until all
practicable measures have been taken to reverse any fumes which may be present and to
prevent any ingress of fumes.
iv) Suitable breathing apparatus, reviving apparatus and belts and ropes shall be kept in
every factory for instant use. All such apparatus shall be periodically examined and
certified by a competent person to be fit for use.
v) No person shall be permitted to enter in any factory, any boiler, furnace, chamber,
tank, pipe, or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any examination
until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise to be safe for persons to
enter.

Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas etc. (section 37):

If any manufacturing process in the factory produces dust, gas, fume, or vapour of such a
nature as is likely to explode on ignition, measures shall be taken to prevent any such
explosion by:
— effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process;
— removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapour;
— exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible source of ignition.
Measures shall also be adopted to restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by
providing in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents, or other effective
appliances.

Precautions in case of fire (section 38):

i) Every factory shall be provided with such means of escape in case of fire as may be
prescribed;
ii) In every factory, the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked so that
they can not be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is
within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of sliding type, shall be constructed
to open outwards.
iii) Every door, window or other exit affording a means to escape in case of fire shall be
distinctively marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers. Such
marking should be in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly
understood sign.
iv) An effective and clearly audible means of giving warning, in case of fire, to every
person shall be provided in the factory.
v) A free passage–way giving access to each means of escape in case of fire shall be
maintained for the use of all workers in the factory.
vi) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all workers are
familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the
routine to be followed in such a case.

Safety of Building and Machinery (section 39, 40 and 40A):

In case it appears that any building, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition
that it is dangerous to human life or safety, the manager of the factory may be served an
order specifying measures to be adopted as prescribed. Further, in case it appears that the
use of any building, machinery or plant in a factory involves imminent danger to human
life or safety, an order may be served prohibiting the use of such building or machinery,
until it has been repaired or altered.

3.3 HABONIM VAAS HEALTH PROGRAMME

In habonim vaas, they formulate and implement a positive policy and programme to
maintain the good health of its employees. Such programmes are:
 i. Maintenance and supervision of satisfactory sanitation and hygiene in the
factory/office.
ii. Inoculation and after programmes for the prevention of communicable diseases.
iii. Active cooperation with public health agencies and accident prevention
authorities.
iv. Maintenance of adequate and confidential medical records.
v. Health education and information service for employees.
vi. Proper medical examination of every new employee.
vii. Annual medical check up of those exposed to occupational hazards/diseases.
viii. Employment of professional physicians and nurses.
ix. Proper first aid treatment for occupational injuries and diseases.
x. Reasonable first aid treatment for non-occupational ailments, eg., cold, sore
throat, skin disorders, headaches, indigestion, etc.
xi. Adequate emergency care and hospitalisation facilities.

EMPLOYEE SAFETY

Industrial workers are exposed to several types of hazards and accidents. Due to rapid

industrialisation, chemical, mechanical, electrical and radiation hazards have increased.

Every year lakhs of employees are injured in factories, mines, ports, railways, etc. leading

to partial or total disablement. An industrial accident is a sudden and unexpected

occurrence in an industrial undertaking causing body injury to one or more persons and

interruption in the orderly progress of work. According to the Factories Act, 1948 it is

“an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person which

makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours.” In other words, it is an

unexpected and sudden event arising out of and in the course of employment. However,

self-inflicted injuries, injuries inflicted with the consent of person cannot be regarded as

accidents.

3.4 SAFETY MEASURES IN HABONIM VAAS

i. Safety Policy: In HABONIM VAAS, they formulate and implement a safety

policy. Once the safety policy has been spelt out, the establishment should
formulate a safety programme. The main aim of the programme is to reduce the
 number of hazardous factors which are likely to cause accidents, and to develop
safe working habits among employees. The safety programme has top
management supports and active cooperative of employees. Safety is an integral
part of all phases of planning, supervision and control.

ii. Safety Committee: A safety committee is constituted in HABONIM VAAS. It

consists of the representatives of both the employer and the employees. The
committee constituted under the chairmanship of a safety about the safety
measures required in the establishment. The safety programme is formulated and
implemented through the safety committee.

iii. Safety Engineering: Proper engineering procedures are adopted by HABONIM

VAAS to eliminate or minimise work hazards. Full attention is being paid to
safety in the design, layout and installation of plant and machinery. Safety
engineering helps to minimise unsafe conditions.

iv. Guarding of Machines: The machinery which pose danger to the employee
working will be properly covered or fenced. According to Rule 82 of the I.L.O
Model Safety Code, guards are properly designed, constructed and used so that
they will provide positive protection, prevent access to the danger zone, cause no
inconvenience to the operator and protect against unforeseen operational
contingencies.

v. Mettles Handling Equipment: Materials handling is the common source of

accidents. Therefore, the flow of materials during all stages of production is being
properly planned to eliminate hazards. Proper equipment, adequate space and
aisles are provided to ensure risk free and smooth flow of materials.
 vi. Safety Devices: Safety glasses to protect the eyes from hazards of fire, glare, dust
and fumes are provided to workers. Hard protective caps will be provided to
prevent head injuries. Gas masks will be given to prevent the inhalation of
poisonous fumes. Gloves to protect hands against acids, safety shoes, overalls,
skin guards, and safety apparel, etc. will be provided for use by employees.

vii. Ergonomics: It deals with physiological and anatomical aspects of man and his
interaction with the working environment. It is being increasingly used to improve
man-machine system. For example, equipment, machinery and work procedures,
has been redesigned to minimise accidents.

viii. General Housing Keeping: All passages meant for movement of employees will
be kept free from all obstructions. Tools and parts will be stored safety after use.
There will be solid and even flooring. All floors will be kept clean and dry. Waste
cans and sand pails will be safely stored.

ix. Safety Education and Training: In HABONIM VAAS, safety education and
training will be providing to workers, supervisors and executives to develop
safety consciousness and safe working habits. Workers are trained in the proper
use of safety devices. The need for good house-keeping and safe materials
handling are stressed. Principles of first aid and precautions required in case of
 fire and the accidents will be explained. Posters, bulletin boards, house organs,
displays, cartoons, slogans, signs and safety films, will be used for safety
education, training and safety publicity campaign. Safety contest will be
organised and prizes awarded to the most safe employee/work group/department
to safety competition. Disciplinary actions/punishments will be breach of safety
regulations.

x. Government intervention: The government of India established the factory

advice service and labour institute, Mumbai. The institute renders advice on
safety matters and enforces safety laws. A ‘National Programme for Coordinated
Action Plan’ for control of hazards and protection of health and safety of workers
in dangerous manufacturing process has been launched. Model scheme for setting
up full safety control system cell in hazardous industries and ‘Safety and Health’
Accidents Reduction Plan (SAHARA) in all industries are in operation.

The National Safety Council was set up in 1966 to promote safety

Consciousness, to prevent accidents and to conducts safety programmes. The
National Safety Day is celebrated every year to mark the foundation day of the
National Safety Council. National Safety awards are given every year to
Industrial establishments for outstanding performance in the field of industrial
safety.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

SOURCE: Data was collected by means of survey that was conducted in HABONIM
VAAS in which 60 employees working in company took part and answered the
questionnaire.
4.1 AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

AGE NO OF PEOPLE
USING
Less than 25 10
26 to 35 20
36 to 45 20
Above 45 10
TOTAL 60

33%
33%
LESS THAN 25
26 TO 35
36 TO 45
ABOVE 45
17% 17%

4.2 AWARENESS IN HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

AWARENESS NO OF
PEOPLE
 YES 58
NO 2
TOTAL 60

3%

YES
NO

97%

With this we can know that 97% of the employees are awareness with their health
and safety measures and only 3% is not awareness
4.3 EMPLOYEES UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH & SAFETY
MEASURES

Employees of Habonim vaas company are well aware of the Health and Safety measures

of the company. The general understanding is that all measures of the company that

protects their health and gives them a risk free working condition are considered as H&S

measures. And they give adequate attention to these measures of the company.
4.4 SATISFACTION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

SATISFACTION NO OF
PEOPLE
Yes 56
No 4
Total 60

7%

Yes
No

93%

With this we can infer that 93% of employees satisfied and only 7% are dissatisfied with
the companies H&S measures.
4.5 EMPLOYEES RATING IN HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 32
Very Good 20
Moderate 7
Bad 1
Poor 0
Total 60

33% Excellent
Very Good
Moderate
Bad
53% Poor
12%
2%
0%

With the graph we can under stand that 53% of the employees believe rate the companies
H&S measures very high and only one has voted bad.

4.6 EMPLOYEES PERCEPTION ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE

GIVEN BY COMPANY TO HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES.
 COMPANY NO OF
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
Yes 100

No 0
Total 60

yes no

0%

100%

All the 60 employees who was surveyed believed that the company gave adequate
importance to their H&S and adopted standard measures.
4.7 EMPLOYEES RATING ON HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

4.7.1 VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE

RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 46
Very Good 16
Moderate 0
Bad 0
Poor 0
Total 60

0%
26% excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor
74%

With this graph we can infer that 74 % of the employees rated ventilation and
temperature excellent and no one rated bad.
4.7.2 LATRINES AND URINALS

RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 16
Very Good 30
Moderate 14
Bad 0
Poor 0
Total 60

0%
23% 27%
excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor

50%

With this chart we can infer that 50 % of employees rated latrines and urinals very good
and only 23 % of employees rated moderate.

4.7.3 WORK NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION

 RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 44
Very Good 16
Moderate 0
Bad 0
Poor 0
Total 60

0%
27% excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor
73%

With this graph we can infer that 73 % of the employees rated work near machinery in
motion excellent and no one rated bad.

4.7.4 PROTECTION OF EYES

RATING NO OF
 PEOPLE
Excellent 44
Very Good 16
Moderate 0
Bad 0
Poor 0
Total 60

0%
27% excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor
73%

With this graph we can infer that no one rated bad and 74 % of the employees rated
protection of eyes excellent.

4.7.5 PRECAUTION IN CASE OF FIRE

RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 48
Very Good 10
Moderate 2
Bad 0
 Poor 0
Total 60

0%
17%
excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor
83%

With this graph we can infer that no one rated bad and 83 % of the employees rated
precaution in case of fire excellent.

4.7.6 FIRST AID

RATING NO OF
PEOPLE
Excellent 56
Very Good 4
Moderate 0
Bad 0
Poor 0
Total 60
 7%0%

excellent
verygood
moderate
bad
poor

93%

With this graph we can infer that 93 % of the employees rated first aid excellent and no
one rated bad.

4.8.1 AGE AND AWARENESS

Age Less than 25 26 to35 36 to 45 Above 45

Awareness
Yes 9(99%) 19(99%) 20(100% 10(100%)
)
No 1(1%) 1(1%) 0(0%) 0(0%)
Total 10(100%) 20(100% 20(100% 10(100%)
) )
  It is seen that 99% of the people whose age are below 35 are aware about the
H&S measures of the company.

 Only one in each age group of less than 25 and 26 to 35 are unaware. But
employees above the age group of 36 are fully aware.

 With this it can be understood that experienced people are more aware of the
H&S measures.

4.8.2 AGE AND SATISFACTION

AGE
Less than 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 Above 45
SATISFACTION
Yes 10 20 20 10
No 0 0 0 0
Total 10 20 20 10
  With the cross tabulation of age and satisfaction we can see that in respective
of the age group all the people are satisfied with companies health and safety
measures.

 From this we can infer that the company has kept the employees happy by
providing them with good H&S measures.

4.8.3 AGE AND IMPORTANCES

AGE
Less than 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 Above 45
IMPORTANCES
Yes 10 20 20 10
No 0 0 0 0
Total 10 20 20 10
  In this cross tabulation also we can see the same trend that all the
employees feel that the company gives adequate importance to H&S of
them.

 We can also infer that the company as well communicated their H&S
measures to their employees

4.8.4 AGE AND RATINGS

AGE
Less than 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 Above 45
RATINGS
Excellent 4 6 6 6
Very Good 5 14 14 4
Moderate 0 0 0 0
Bad 1 0 0 0
Poor 0 0 0 0
Total 10 20 20 10
  With this cross tabulation we can see that 99% of the employees have rated high
for the H&S measures of the company.

 Only one employee in the age group less than 25 have rated the H&S measures
bad.

FINDINGS

 It was found that 97% of the employees were aware of health and safety
measures that to be adopted in an many company.

 The employees are very much educated about the health and safety measure of the
company.

 Majority 93% of employees surveyed were satisfied with the health and safety
measures of the company.
 Only one employee rated the health and safety measures bad. 32% of them rated
excellent approx 33% rated very good.

 Non of the employee reported any problem that is existing in the present system
and no suggestion improvement made.

 100% employees felt that company gives adequate importance to health and
safety measures of the company.

 It is seen that 99% of the people whose age are below 35 are aware about the
H&S measures of the company.

 Only one in each age group of less than 25 and 26 to 35 are unaware. But
employees above the age group of 36 are fully aware
.

 With the cross tabulation of age and satisfaction we can see that in respective of
the age group all the people are satisfied with companies health and safety
measures.

 All experienced employees who have spend longer time in the company have
rated the health and safety measures “Very Good”.
SUGGESTIONS

In the research I conducted with Habonium Vaas it was found that most of the employees
were satisfied with the health and safety measures of the company. And with the
interview I conducted with HR manager it was found that no major grievance has been
registered against the company on health and safety measures of the company over the
past 10 years, from the time company was started. No employees has given any
suggestion to improve the existing system in the company. So we can infer that all the
employees are 100% satisfied with existing health and safety system. So the only
suggestion that can be made is to continue the present system and have a proper
monitoring and maintenance system. And the company should have better grievance
settlement procedure. They can have
 Better maintenance of the equipments should be done

 Complaints and suggestion box

 Separate grievance cell that settles employees grievance

CONCLUSION

Habonium Vaas is a company that produces different types of Valves. They have a
manufacturing unit that has 120 employees who are working in shifts. As a
manufacturing company it has to provide with certain Mandatory health and safety
measures as per the Factories act of 1947. Habonium Vaas is a company that provides
with all the Mandatory measures. The employees of the company are aware and very
much satisfied with the H&S measures of the company. The employees haven
reported any problems and they just expect the company to continue the good
measures.
 So we can conclude by stating that the company provides all the necessary health and
safety measures and the employees are happy with the existing system. The company
must just strive to maintain and continue the good efforts.

BIBLIOGROHY

Books – GUPTA C.B. Human Resource Management. New Delhi. 2007

D SREENIVASAN M.R Industrial Relations & Labour.Chennai.2007

Web sites- www.Vaasval. Com

 www.Education world. Net

www.The Hindu. Com

www.The Economic Times.com

www.Business Line.com

www.Netlink Solutions (India) Ltd.com

ww.News today.com

www.The Indian express.com

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name:

2. Age:

(a) Less than 25 (b) 26 to 35 (c) 36 to 45 (d) above 45

 3. Sex: M/F

4. Do you know about health and safety measures?

(a) Yes (b) no

If yes (answer the following question)

5. What do you understand by health and safety measures?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Are you satisfied with the existing health & safety measures of the company?

(a) Yes (b) no

If no

7. What are all the problems that you see in existing system?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

8. Any suggestion to improve the existing system

9. Do you think the company gives importance to health and safety measures?

(a) Yes (b) no

10. Does the company fulfils all its promises that it gives on health and safety

(a) Yes (b) no

If no (reason)

………………………………………………………………………………………….......
....................................................................................................................................

11. Rate the company health and safety system on a 5 point scale

(a) Excellent (b) very good (c) moderate (d) bad (e) poor

12. Tick the below

Particulars Excellent Very good Moderate Bad poor

Ventilation &
Temperature
Latrines and
Urinals
Work Near Machinery
in Motion
Protection of Eyes

Precaution In Case of
Fire
First Aid