NENER-HCCRATH AION ATIONS FOR INSULATED POWER CABLES Perer Pollak, Kenbery TIE me jumtrun Aasoetation, Tee. Veshington, B.C, assract This paper describes the Meher Meceath (WM) method for calculation temperature rises and current earty a capacttien of Insulated, non-antelaed power cabl rated 0-2000 vote phane to phases Tt"explaine the concepe of the thermal circuit, wives KH equations for calculating thernal resistances, nd presents nonple, caleuleeions. ‘wgopuerton 1 1957 Meseras Heber anil Megrath presented an outstanding technical Peper with numerous detailed ‘athenacicat equations thich ean be peed to relate oe Insulated conductor's current Tending te ex ercratig feoperature. The general calculation sethod Wo sete Bond and can be spied te a varieey of eanle constructtons and instalation condlcton For simplicity the 10 nechiod uses steady-ntate uations; they are based en the ansunpeion that radial heat flow has heen constant fara long eine. Teanstent heat flow te not addrensed tn thintpapees The 1H equations else assune an infinitely long cable with heat untforaly dtsertbvted along {ex Jenath ane [Ro end effects. Longitudinal heat transfer from cosle 0 termination or vice verea ty not addrensed, ‘The NM method and equations have been used extensively and have recetved wide acceptance. They were ned an) fhe Bante of the American Tnecteute of Elecegsgel Engineers (AIEE) Power Cable Ampectty Tables) ang the Insulated Pover Cable Engineers Aesoctat lon {GFCEA) ampaciey Taber For Soild Dielects{e Power Gables Including Eftece Of shield Losnest) ‘The National Fire Protecgion Aeaactatton (NFPA) Nattonal Electrical Cofet (NEC), whighyhas included tables of abjgi” Chesed om ‘that predate 14), nan publ iohed in its 1966 edition nev anpacity tables hesed pen the NH nethod of ‘ealevlation. This paper {s intended to give readere not fantltar with the equations a baste understanding of the 1 ‘ethod and how it in applied to the calculeeion ot Power cable supacitien: GENERAL appnancy hen cugrent is carried by 4 cable's conductor, the heat (178) generated within the conductor Flaws radtally to'anblent and Sa dlestpeced tn the surrounding air, or earth in the case of butted cable, ‘This causes a gradiont temperature tise Crom the anbient ait or earth through the cable's component, Because the neximun allouable condnctnr tenperatere te Lintted by the temperature tating of the eavlers emulation, che Temperature rise of the conductor) above anbient aust be calculated. To do chia: the 1 hhent generated Jn the cable andthe thernal estatances of the heat puth (thermal circuit) must be Getermined. See Figure 1s a re ‘5#2010-4/84/0000-0172501.00 1984 TER — The thermal ctreuit is anstogous to an elecertcal See Figure), For thir analogy, the corresponding electric and evant ‘parantera ineinen ya cctecate quantities are oot" Lengen beste. In NH equationr, eubseripte are used to Lent fy thereal parameters according 0 their Teestion ko the thernel Chrcntt and sathenattes] symbets for thorns! renlstances ore differentiated ftor those fer electrical reatstanres hy diser'eical marke, Sone ‘euinples of aubscripced nenhale are Hated in table 2. ESSE repernere actor estes ‘THe THERMAL cRctYT To apply the th caleulatten meth!, the therm! efrcult must be dvelones for each spurt te cable cable installed tn air hae thermal citeuie a8 alors in Figure 9. $$ Once the thermal ctreutt for a specttic cable cwmntruetion ind instal "at fon has heen develope the value of each thermal restatance in the rireufe’ Runt 12,be calculated. Then ell the thermal reeistance valu rust be vilded to arrive et a total theraal restatance etween Conductor and anbfent, since all the thermal 1B equations for the calculation of the thermal Feststarces are sursarized in Appendie fe They a appileable to boil cingle and threeccorductor cablesy 4nd cover various installations: for etanpley cable in fic, rable tn conduit in ait, cohle Sn ducty and cable dieeet earth buried. neat ‘The heat which flovs fre conductor co anblent fe celeulated by ealeiplying the total Slternating-current’ (anc) conductor restetance by the square of the conductor current. This yleide the heat fencrated in the conductor, expressed te Watts per Foot. In sone cable systene addittonal heat may be generated 4h the cable insulation and/or metallic shield one racevays however, for 0-2000 vole tated inaulated pourr cable, dielectric losm in negligibies metal 1c thielding is not usol and metallic raceway effects are for the most part cancelled by the inelvaion of all Phaser tn the racevay.— Motual heating fron adjacent fablen 48 taken into account in the NM equations For theroal resistances, covenston ‘The heat generated at the conductor (Watts per foot) nos thes total thernal resistance from conductor to aanbiont (*C-foot per Wate) yields the tenperature tine (OF the conductor shove anbient: (ataae) x Hen © Tete a @ (F f9 4p kitoanperer because Rac in in mterches per feats) Rquation 2 expreaser conductor current as 9 Function of conductor tenpersture for a specific cabte Enetruction ard installation condition, Given the tpexinun allovable conductor tespernture based on the ‘able tneulation's temperature rating, the saxfour current cartying capacity of the conductor ean be calculated with equation 2, It should be noted that ampactty 42 only one of feral factorn (ineluding voltage drop, shore cireult Capability and recent)ygshe increasingly taportant cont of energy Tovees ©) chee mat be considered in arriving at the ost economic conductor sir aiven see of conditions, “ever 1 Equations For The Calculation of Therrsl Rentstance Thermal tesistance of Insulation 0.012 Fi tog BE Tr + 0.012 54 top BE DC = conductor diameter DI = Gianecer over insulation PA = thermal restartvity of mterial, HM Table VI Nacertat BA, © ca/wace Paper insulation (xolté eype) 200 Vatnished canbric revssesress 600. Paper insuiseion (orher types) 500 Rather and rubberslike serese 500 Jute and texe‘e protective foveringess sss 500 Fiber ducts.) tbo Polyethylene = 430 Transite duct oc llol 200 Sonastic vss Too 2. Thermal Resta Hy = 0,014 85 n° F thernat restscivity of material, 1 Table ¥E E> jacket thickness DS Gimeter over jacket "= hunber of current carrying conductors within D + thermal reststance of duct well can stetlerly be calculated with pa fat munber of current carrying conductors within Da? Det = Neffective ¢taeter of eable(s) in duct At oars conacente fron NM Table VIL Abseracted From fa Table WIT Constante For Use Tn Red Equetton affective diameter of cable(s), conduit or duct © = coefficient of surface entssivity 5. Thermal Restetance of The Farth Te! + 0.012 Fe 2' (oe 8.3 + OF testa x r)] be ey nts number of current carrying conductors within De fe > thermal realetivity of the earth taneter et stare of the earth portion of the thermal cfreuiea Bac at 90°C 211 ER TWiT Ree Go Ti. 12 212 spores Ketommperes Geteutate the anpactty of 3 - 1/0 ANG compect ‘Sluninum iin cablen {n'a ik aluminum condute tn So*C ambient aie. Tiered Greate sore 636!" 658 oi} ae arerworx, Sample. Calculations 1, Caleutate the ampactey of 4 1/0 AMG compact sluninun Xi cable in 40°C anbtent sir ea pe 0.336 Es insulation thickness 3e 0.120 pr = 20 Be or 0536 Therma) Gieeaie res 30°C i fe te = 40% Bt 400 Hi = 0.012 #4 log BE be = 0,012 (400) 0 456 Be e+ 0.607 Fe = 9.50" =a) tharos Ke = 4.625 Re at 25°C = 168 aterohne per foot Rae at 90°C = 168 3 27 acre = 1.00 Rac at 90°C = 168 x 318.1 x 1.00 23 Fron it 7 ara BD oi9 1% atuninum condute tbs Lae o> 166 From We Table vIT Det = 2.1601 Det © of98a! Bet = 20.0 Kees ain of 3-1/0 186 concentrte ‘each carrying equal corrent (three phase operation), eitect earth buried in triangular configuration, 36" below the earth's surfaces” The earth arbient te 20°C, the Loss factor $275 and'pe in 90°C eluate. 1%2c Uwe | Bere 0.012 Be 2° [lon 3+ UF og (4x FI] be Sar De = 1.60 (from AIEE $-125-1 Table vt '=0.012190)(3) (10g 8.3 +. 7510R{4 x 36) x 1) Tacs) eR fet = 6.213 de at 25°C © 106 nierohme per Foot de at 90°C = 106 x 234.5 + 90 acfoe = 1,00 ae at 90°C = 106 x 324.5 x 1.00 Bes Tae ae got = 192.55 1 Lae Ls 276 snperes ‘AcCENOWL EDGY The author greatly appreciates the support of the Electrical Division nesbers of the Alustnun Association and the technical asclstance of Sts ‘Hectrical Technical Comittee. aeveainces The Calculation Of The Tenpersture-Rise And toad Capability of Cable Systenty Jy fy Meher Me Re McGrath “AIEE (now IEEE) Transactions PC 11h (Power Apparatus and Systens), Vol 76, Octaber 1987, Be T2792, 2. AIRE Publication Humber $-135-1, TPCEA (now ICEA) Publieatson Nomber F-46=426, 1962 3. TPGEA Pubtécation Rusher #2536476, EMA Publication Number We 50-1976 4. NFPA 1986 National Electrical code Teblee 310020 through 310-90 5. NEVA Report of Determination of Maximum Permissible Current Cereying Capacity of Code Insulated Wires and Cables Lor building Purposes, June 27, 1938: 6. Hot circutes Can Be Expensive, Ws A. Beasley, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Wot Tae19, 10. 4, Suly/Auguat 1983, Peter Fotlae (0167) yaw born in Soa Paulo, Brazil on Novenber 21, 1965 and soved to the United States ta 1946. he etetved HE, and 4.5. degrees in electrical engineering fron Nev York University in 1967 ond 1970, respectively, In 1967 he Joined Vestinghouse Plectric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, on a graduate trataing program. “From 1968 to 1974 he was with General Cable Corporation, New York, SY, vorking in the Applications Engineering Departnent. ia 1974 he Joined the Aluninum Association, Washington, DC end fe now Manoger'~ Electrical Services: Me. Pollak 4s a menber of the IEEE Pover Engineering Soctety, the Aeerican Society For Teating and Materials, ané the International Asscclation of Electrteat Inspectors, he te a regiacered Professional engineer, Licensed in New York and New