Materials to be used to obtain coconut husk ash and wood ash:

o Old or matured coconut husk

o Wood
o Drum
o Distilled water
o Oven
o Crusher Iron
o Weighing Scale

Materials in making a cement:

o Limestone or oyster shells or sea shells

o Gravel or Sand or crushed brick
o Gloves
o Water
o Measuring cup
o Coconut husk ash
o Wood ash
o Kiln/Oven
o Fuel

EQUIPMENT: Universal Testing Machine

Outline

Research Topic: The viable use of the combination of coconut husk ash and wood ash to
cement for the persistence of structure construction

I. Introduction

A. Background of the Study

Philippines is a developing country; hence our governments demand in

infrastructure is highly increasing. In our present time waste have been a big problem
around the World. There are a lot of things that can recycle from those
waste; we researchers found out that coconut husk ash and woods ash can be
alternative mixture to cement, it can make the concrete more durable and sturdy. This
 study aims to recycle coconut husk and wood in places where it is abundant. Our
study could help in infrastructure industry, and it is also eco-friendly.

B. Statement of the Problem

1. Does concretes with coconut husk ash and wood ash mixtures will make it a sturdier
and durable material?

2. Will the amount of coconut husk ash and wood ash content be a factor to strengthen
or weaken the produce concretes?

3. Could the coconut husk ash and wood ash be effective alternative mixtures to cement
in concrete production?

C. Objectives

This study aims to:

1. Find an alternative mixture to produce a more sturdier and durable concretes.

2. See the effectiveness of coconut husk ash and wood ash to concrete in increasing its

durability for construction purposes.

3. Produce a better quality of concrete which is affordable and environmental friendly.

D. Significance of the Study

1. This study will help the community to lessen wastes such as the coconut husk and
wood by reusing it as an alternative mixture to cement.

2. Producing a substitute to cement for building houses in places that are prone to
calamaties.

3. This study can help the people develop practicality and have an environment-
friendly mind set.

E. Scope and Limitations

1. The study will only be involving to the use of coconut husk ash and wood ash which
may be viewed as an alternative mixture in concrete production.

2. This study will only be limited in making concrete out of coconut husk ash and wood

ash as to determine their effects and capacities in concrete.

3. The researchers will conduct experiments in order to see the effectiveness of the

produce concretes with different content percentages of CHA and WA.

II. Review of Related Literature

A. Concrete as a building material

Concrete is a building material which is a mixed bonded of water and cement. As

this material strives to be a very competitive building material and because of its
versatility, the demand for this material is also highly increasing (Sashidhar, 2010, p.
2). Some factors like strength, workability, and durability are continuously being
modified in concretes to make it more suitable in construction purpose (Subramaniam,
Subashinge, and Fonseka, 2015, p.228)

B. Cement as an element of concrete

Cement is identified as a substance used for bonding aggregates to form a sturdy

and strong enough which can be said durable in case of encountering such
environmental issues like earthquakes. It is very essential in the production of mortar
and concrete (Nagarajan, Devi, Manohari, and Santha, 2014, p. 651). Thus, the cost of
the cement is already unaffordable. The use of alternative materials is really required
for the production of such concrete. (Utsev and Taku, 2012, p. 86)

C. Water - Cement Ratio

The ratio of the water is considered to be one of the most fundamental and primary
in concrete mixture. It plays a significant role on most properties of hardened concrete
in terms of its strength and durability. A psycho-chemical method is used to calculate
original ratio of water and cement. (Wong and Buenfeld, 2009, pp. 1-2)
D. Coconut fiber and Ash as an alternative mixture in cement

Coconut fibers has many advantages in such that it is resistant to fungi and rot,
unaffected by moisture and dampness, durable, etc. In a more sense manner in relation
to concrete is that findings and results of other researchers found out to have an increase
in flexural strength in concrete as well as having a higher energy absorbing ability and
ductility. This was achieved with addition of low percentage of coconut fiber. (Ali,
2010, pp. 1-8) It has the highest toughness amongst natural fibers. They have potential
to be used as reinforcement in low-cost concrete structures, especially in tropical
earthquake regions (Liu, 2012, p.1).

E. Wood ash as a component of cement

In relation to other studies, researchers have found that wood waste ash can be
effectively used as a cement replacement material for the production of structural grade
concrete of acceptable strength and durability performances (Ramili, 2011, pp. 669-
685) This study will also conducting experiments in regards to the combination of
coconut husk ash and wood ash.
Methodology

Procedure

1.1 Gathering of Materials

1.2 Burning of sample

1. In this phase, the coconut husk ash and wood ash will be burned in order to

get the said ash that will be used as a mixture in concrete production. Traditional

burning can possibly do for these subjects. Another method is burning coconut

husk and wood at burning sink or drum at 300 500oC for 3-5 hours. When

burning the materials, the coconut husks are separated from the wood. Same

temperature will be used when burning the materials. Coconut husks are to be

burnt in whole pieces at the same time. Wood will be cut into blocks before

burning. Coconut husks will be the first one to be burnt, followed by the blocks

of wood. Time will vary upon to the material, when the material is reduced

completely to ashes, then it is the time for second materials turn.

2. Wash the burned coconut husk with distilled water and dry it in an oven at

temperature of 110oC for 3 hours.

3. Crush or refine the coconut husk and wood by using a crusher iron.

1.3 Collecting of ashes

Once the samples were burned, the next thing that should be done is to

collect ashes. Same amount of ashes from coconut husk and wood should be

accumulated. After the ashes were collected, it will be then weighed to be used as

the experiment's ratio.

1.4 Amalgamation of CHA and WA to cement

Upon the collection of ashes, coconut ashes and wood ashes will be mixed

together manually; different ratios of the combination will be required. Cement will

be prepared for the combination of mixture of the coconut and wood ashes. Once

prepared, the mixture will be put into the cement and will be mixed thoroughly, this

is process is done manually. The mixing process will be completed once the mixture

dissolved completely to the cement.