SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

NGHI SON THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT

IN THE

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM

November 2003
 ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

BOD – biochemical oxygen demand
CFB – circulating fluidized bed
CO – carbon monoxide
COD – chemical oxygen demand
EIA – environmental impact assessment
MOSTE – ministry of science, technology, and environment
NO2 – nitrogen dioxide
NOx – nitrogen oxides
NSCC – Nghi Son Cement Company
PCC – pulverized coal combustion
PM-10 – particulate matter of 10 micros and less
SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment
SES – registration report for securing environmental standards
SO2 – sulfur dioxide
SPM – suspended particulate matter
TCVN – Viet Nam Standard (Tieu Chuan Viet Nam)
TSP – total suspended particulates
USEPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

°C – degrees Celsius
cm – centimeter
cm 2 – square centimeter
dB(A) – decibel acoustic
h – hour
kg – kilogram
m – meter
m3 – cubic meter
pH – measure of acidity-alkalinity
s – second
t – ton

NOTES

(i) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

 CONTENTS

Page
MAPS

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3

A. Physical Environment 3
B. Biological Environment 5
C. Sociocultural Environment 5

IV. ALTERNATIVES 6

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7

A. Physical Environment 7
B. Biological Environment 11
C. Sociocultural Environment 11

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 11

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 11

VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 12

IX. CONCLUSION 13

APPENDIXES

1. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Approval of the

Environmental Impact Assessment 14
2. Vietnamese Environmental Standards 15
3. Environmental Management Plan 17
 I. INTRODUCTION

1. Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. of Japan prepared the environmental impact
assessment (EIA) report for the Nghi Son Thermal Power Project on behalf of all sponsors in
cooperation with the Environmental Technology Centre (ENTEC), a member of the Vietnam
Association of Natural Conservation and Environmental Protection. The EIA report was
prepared based on statistical data of the meteorology, hydrology, and socioeconomic conditions
in the project area. Data on air, noise, and water quality were collected from the project area
and analyzed in the Environment Testing Laboratory at the Center for Standardization,
Measurement, and Quality, an agency of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
(MOSTE). Technical manuals on process engineering, pollution control technologies (including
wastewater, air emission, and solid waste) and rapid assessment manuals were used in the
analysis. Pollution factors estimated by the World Health Organization, mathematical modeling
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), modeling for noise, and
modeling for heat transfer were all used in simulations. The results were compared to the World
Bank standards and practices as well as Viet Nam’s environmental standards.

2. The proposed Project is classified by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) under
category A, a project with significant potential impacts if the appropriate mitigation measures are
not properly implemented and operated. Thus, this summary environmental impact assessment
(SEIA) is circulated to ADB’s Board of Directors 120 days prior to loan approval. The SEIA will
also be available on ADB’s web site. Copies of the SEIA and its Vietnamese translation are
available at the ADB project office and at the project proponent’s office. The original EIA reports
are in Vietnamese. The main EIA reports are also available on request at ADB’s project office.
The SEIA and EIA are circulated for comments and suggestions from interested parties. ADB’s
evaluation of the Project’s impacts will include comments and suggestions received that are
relevant to the Project, and will be included in the loan document submitted to ADB’s Board of
Directors.

3. The EIA report was prepared pursuant to Decree 175-CP (guidelines for the
implementation of the Law on Protection of the Environment) of 18 October 1994 of the
Government and Circular 490/TT-BKHCNMT (guidelines for preparation and appraisal of
environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects) of 29 April 1998 of MOSTE.
The Electric Power Development Company, Ltd., in cooperation with the Environmental
Technology Center, prepared the simplified EIA report (Registration Report for Securing the
Environmental Standards, or SES report) and submitted it to the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment for the SES certificate, which was issued on 14 October 2003. The SES report
was translated into English and additional information and analysis was carried out in
accordance with ADB’s environmental policy and environment assessment guidelines. A
translation of the SES certificate is shown in Appendix 1.

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4. The Nghi Son Thermal Power Project (the Project) is within the Nghi Son Cement
Corporation (NSCC) site, at the Nghi Son Industrial Zone in Hai Thuong Commune of Tinh Gia
District, Thanh Hoa Province (Map 1). An estimated 29 months will be needed to complete the
Project, starting from the commencement of foundation work and ending on the commencement
of reliability runs. About 36 people will be required to operate the Project, which will initially
include foreigners and Vietnamese.
2

5. The design capacity of the Project is 35 megawatts, the net output capacity will be 31
megawatts and plant thermal efficiency is to be 33.8%. The electricity generated will be 110
kilovolts, three phase and 50 hertz frequency. The voltage will be lowered to 22 kilovolts after
the NSCC substation. The Project will use a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion boiler to
generate steam that will drive a turbine and generator. The Project will use 14 tons (t) per hour
(h) of coal mined in Hon Gai, Quang Ninh Province. The Project will use the coal mine and
transport facilities currently supplying the cement plant. As the coal needs of the Project are
incremental, no additional facilities or infrastructure will be required. The coal will be shipped
from the mine to the NSCC jetty, and then transported to the coal storage yard by conveyor belt.
It will be delivered to the Project’s receiving coal hopper by 10-t trucks. The coal handling
system consists of a 15 cubic meter (m3) receiving coal hopper, 80 t/h conveyor belt, 80 t/h
crusher, 80 t/h bucket conveyor, and two 210 m 3 coal bunkers.

6. Light fuel oil will only be used for initial firing and/or stabilizing of the combustion when
the load drops to less than 35% of the rated output. The light fuel oil burners are applied using a
direct ignition system at a maximum consumption of 3.2 t/h. The capacity of the oil tank is
100,000 liters. Limestone needed to absorb the sulfur dioxide (SO2) generated during coal
combustion is mined at a quarry that is currently supplying the cement plant. The limestone
mine is 10 kilometers from the cement plant. The limestone will be delivered from the limestone
stockyard to the receiving limestone hopper by truck with a capacity of 10 m3. The limestone
handling system is separate from the coal handling system and consists of a 10 t/h bucket
conveyor, 10 t/h screen crusher, 10 t/h bucket elevator, and a 10 t/h conveyor belt that leads to
a limestone tank before it is fed into the boiler. The limestone required by the Project is
incremental to the current limestone need of NSCC and will therefore use the existing
infrastructure from the quarry to the limestone storage area.

7. To fluidize the solid materials, air for combustion is compressed and its velocity is
increased by a series of air duct fans. Ambient air, with an average temperature of 23.6 degrees
Celsius (oC) and relative humidity of 86%, is induced by the primary air fan at the bottom of the
furnace to the wind box via the air-heater. The secondary fan, also at the bottom of the furnace,
increases the air pressure and velocity. The air is supplied to the furnace by air nozzles. The
secondary air is also used as light fuel oil combustion air. The furnace heats water inside the
tubes to a pressure of 105 kilograms (kg) per square centimeter (cm 2) and temperature of
541oC. The steam drives the turbine and the generator. It is then cooled and condensed by
seawater to a liquid and pumped back to the boiler. Approximately 5,700 m3/h of cooling water
will be recycled within the system and the additional water requirements are approximately 240
m 3/h. The seawater temperature is 20–22oC in winter and 29–30 oC in summer. In the process,
the seawater is heated less than 8oC across the condenser. The seawater is pumped to a
cooling tower before it is discharged to the sea. In most instances, the ambient air temperature
is cooler than the seawater and the seawater discharge is slightly cooler than the intake.

8. Ground water from a well about 10 kilometers from NSCC is the main source for the
boiler and domestic water. The deep well has a design extraction capacity of 80 m 3/h and NSCC
is currently using the water at a rate of 40 m3/h. Employees living in the company house use
about 7.5 m3/day of water. About 3.2 m3/h of high quality demineralized water is required for
boiler make-up. The additional water is stored in a 210 m 3 tank prior to use.

9. A limited quantity of water treatment chemicals will be stored and used at the plant.
These will be handled and stored in accordance with appropriate industry standards. The
tanks to store these water treatment chemicals will be in an enclosed area so that any spills will
be contained.
 3

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

10. The Project is on 10,000 square meters (m2) of land within the NSCC site, in the Nghi
Son Industrial Zone. At present, NSCC is the only existing industrial establishment. The
Government has prepared a master plan for the whole industrial zone, which is intended to
include heavy industries, such as oil refinery, ship making, etc. The Nghi Son Industrial Zone
Development Plan is shown in Map 2.

A. Physical Environment

1. Water

11. One dominant feature of the project area is the Yen Hoa River. This freshwater river
has a maximum width of 100 meters (m) and the Project is in its tidal zone. The level of the
river in the dry season varies from 1 m to 1.5 m and in the rainy season may reach 3 m. The
rivers and streams run along a narrow hillside, close to the coastline, passing through limestone
deposits and thin layers of topsoil. In the dry season, the streams are normally dry while floods
often occur in the rainy season. On the average, floods occur from August until October, and
74% of total annual flow occurs during this period. Only 12% of total annual flow occurs during
the first 6 months of the year. The quality of the Yen Hoa River water is quite good.
Concentrations of all but one parameter are within the Vietnamese standard for industrial water
(TCVN 5942–1995, class B). Only chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations are 1.1
times higher than the standard. The COD is relatively high due to humic acid and humus in the
soil carried out by surface run off. The water quality in the Yen Hoa River is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Yen Hoa River Water Quality

Parameter Value

pH 7.14
Total Suspended Solid (mg/l) 65
Chloride (mg/l) 78
Total Hardness (mg CaCO3/l) 21
Sulphate (mg/l) 20
Total Iron (mg/l) 2
COD (mg O 2/l) 3
CaCO3 = calcium carbonate, COD = chemical
oxygen demand, l = liter, mg = milligram, O2 =
oxygen, pH = potential for hydrogen.
Source: Environmental Technology Centre

12. The Thanh Hoa coastal area is influenced by the south-north tidal system throughout the
year. The tidal system is far off the coast at a depth of more than 10 m. The offshore current
speed varies from 30 centimeters (cm) per second (s) at Hau Loc to 70 cm/s at Bien Son. The
southern part of the system is closer to the coast than the northern part. The complexity of the
coast, however, deforms the offshore current flow and there are many local characteristics.
Wind flow in this area also plays an important role in the formation of tidal flow. The tide from
Lach Bang to Hon Me changes during the day with a maximum value of 1 knot (almost 51.4
4

cm/s). The coastal water in the Nghi Son area is slightly contaminated by domestic and
aquaculture waste (Table 2). Although nutrient concentrations (e.g. ammonia, nitrate, and
phosphate) are rather low, organic compounds and micro organic parameters (e.g. biochemical
oxygen demand [BOD] and fecal and total coliform bacteria) are rather high. However, coastal
water of this quality is suitable for aquaculture development.

Table 2: Nghi Son Area Coastal Water Quality

Parameter Nghi Son Jetty Nghi Son Fish Port

Temperature (°C) 23.2 23.5

PH 8.8 8.4
TSS (mg/l) 15 17
BOD (mg/l) 10 14
COD (mg/l) 18 25
NO3 (mg/l) 2.34 3.29
PO4 (mg/l) 2.91 3.78
NH4 (mg/l) 0.34 0.52
Oil and grease (mg/l) 1.0 1.2
E. Coli (MPN/100ml) 1.0x102 1.1x103
Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1.5x102 1.5x104
BOD = biochemical oxygen demand, °C = degrees Celsius, COD = chemical oxygen
demand, l = liter, mg = milligram, ml = milliliter, MPN = most probable number, NH4
= ammonium, NO3 = nitrate, pH = potential for hydrogen, PO4 = phosphate, TSS =
total suspended solids.
Source: Environmental Technology Centre.

13. The quality of the groundwater in the Project area around Hai Thuong Commune is still
good compared with ground water quality standards (TCVN 5944-1995). Almost all parameters
analyzed are below the permissible standard; however, microbial parameters are higher than
the standards at all sampling points, showing some contamination.

2. Atmospheric conditions

14. The project site is close to the boundary of Thanh Hoa and Tinh Gia. The wind
direction on the Thanh Hoa coast area is southeasterly 16% of the time and easterly 12% of the
time. The wind on the Tinh Gia coast blows from the north, northwest and northeast 14%, 13%
and 12% of the year respectively. The annual average wind speed varies between 1.8 and 2.2
m/s. Calm weather in winter and summer varies from 20–40% of the days. Storm winds
sometimes reach 40 m/s in Thanh Hoa and 34 m/s in Tinh Gia. Some storms have wind in
excess of 40 m/s, although these only last for a short period of time. Daily wind speed is
highest in the afternoon and lowest at night or in the early morning.

15. Annual average relative humidity recorded at Thanh Hoa City, Tinh Gia District varies
from 85% to 86%. During the early monsoon season in northeastern Viet Nam, the relative
humidity goes below 50% in the coastal areas. In December and January, the minimum
absolute humidity in coastal areas is 20–30%. In the second half of winter (mid-January to
March), light rain raises the average humidity to 85–93%. During this period, light rain is often
continuous and there is very little sunshine. Sometimes, the humidity does not fall below 90%
 5

for many consecutive days and the daily amplitude is small. Humidity levels as low as 23–38%
are only recorded for a few days. Severe droughts can occur if the winds are strong and the
rainy season comes late. Hot and humid periods begin again due to the rain from August to
October.

16. Data provided by the meteorological stations of Thanh Hoa over many years show the
annual average, maximum, and minimum temperatures are 23.6oC, 27.1oC, 21.0 oC,
respectively. The average maximum temperature occurs in July and the minimum in January.

17. Generally, the intensity of the sun is highest in May and lowest in July. Annual average
sunlight time in Thanh Hoa is between 1,657 and 1,758 hours. The maximum solar radiation
reported was 1,839–1,851 kilocalories (kcal) per square centimeter (cm 2). The ideal total
radiation in Thanh Hoa is 230 kcal/cm2. However, the recorded actual total radiation reached
only 50% of the ideal total radiation. The annual average sunless period in Thanh Hoa is
around 82–88 hours.

18. The concentrations of dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and
volatile organic constituents in the ambient air at all sampling points are within the Vietnamese
standard for ambient air quality (TCVN 5937–1995). The noise level in the project area is lower
than the maximum permissible standard (TCVN 5949–1995).

3. Geology

19. The Union of Survey and Construction Enterprises of the Ministry of Construction
studied the geological conditions in Hai Thuong Commune in October 1997. The soil profile
consists of 8 layers, including sandy clay of 0.5–2.0 m, fine sand of 1.2–12.0 m, sandy clay of
2–5 m, clay of 5–15 m, sandy clay of 3–4 m, fine sand of 1–2 m, sandy clay of 5–10 m, and
sand of 5–10 m. The deeper layer is base stone. Earthquake frequencies in the Nghi Son area
are low.

B. Biological Environment

20. There is no natural forest in Hai Thoung Commune. However, the commune maintains
49 hectares (ha) of fast growing trees for firewood. In the residential and agricultural section of
the commune, the residents also plant fruit trees such as coconut, lemon, and guava, and other
garden plants. No forest or agricultural plants are within the project site itself.

21. The Hai Phong Subinstitute of Oceanography studied the marine ecology close to the
project site. The 41 sites sampled had 68 zooplankton, 160 phytoplankton, 15 seaweed, and
39 benthos species. There were no endangered plants or animal species. The intake and
discharge point of the cooling water is close to the port facility used by the industries and the
ecology has been disrupted. The coral reefs are 6–9 kilometers from the warm water
discharge area, near Hon Bung, Hon Dot, and Hon Sen. The area affected by the warm water
has a radius of about 20 m.

C. Sociocultural Environment

22. Hai Thuong Commune is the nearest commune to the industrial zone. Hai Thoung
commune has total area of 3,535 ha. Of which 286.5 ha are agriculture land, 1,203 ha are
bare land, 1,757.2 ha are allocated for forest plantation, 40.32 ha are residential housing, and
25.25 ha are allocated for transportation and other purposes. The total population of the
6

commune is 6,900 people, of which 1,790 are laborers and 5,110 are children or retirees. Of
the population, 35.9% (643 people) are involved in salt production, 42.5% (760 people) have
other jobs, and the remaining 21.6% (387 people) are jobless. The average income per capita
for those involved in salt production is D478,000/capita/year. Those with other jobs have an
average income of D684,000/capita/year. The annual population growth rate is 2.1%.

23. Living conditions of local residents have improved considerably during the last few
years. Health care in the commune is generally good. Each hamlet has a health care station
with four assistant doctors and a health care network with one assistant doctor. Some cas es of
malaria were reported in Lien Son hamlet. An increased incidence of cold and flu was also
found after storms. The commune has one primary and one secondary school but the training
facilities are poor. In spite of this, there are only a few illiterate people.

24. The infrastructure of the area is undergoing rapid development. Improvements to the
transportation system include (i) widening of the segment of national road 1A, which passes
through the new town; (ii) development of new roads connecting to Ho Chi Minh National Road
Nghi Son port, and Hoang Mai town; (iii) construction of inner city roads; (iv) development of a
railway from Nghi Son port to Ho Chi Minh National Road, and (v) development of a sea port
system, which includes a cement port, petroleum port, general port and fishery port. The
domestic demand for water will likely reach 100 liters/person/day by 2005 and 130 liters/person
/day by 2020. The water supply will cover 80% of the population by 2005 and 90–95% by
2020. The industrial water demand will reach 40 m3/ha by 2005 and 45 m3/ha by 2020.
Water will be supplied from the Yen My reservoir or from groundwater in Tan Truong Commune.
A number of environmental protection measures will also be undertaken. A rainwater drainage
system will be built separately from the waste water system, three domestic and industrial waste
water plants will be constructed (each with 10,000–15,000 m3/day capacity), and a 10 ha solid
waste disposal area will be built at Tung Lam Commune.

IV. ALTERNATIVES

25. No Project. At present NSCC is connected to the national power grid. In 2001, the plant
experienced 12 kiln shut downs resulting in 160 hours of downtime from power failure. In 2002,
power failure resulted in 25 kiln shut downs involving 110 hours of downtime. The power failures
shut down the electrostatic precipitator, the main pollution control facility in the factory, and the
cyclones to control the dust in the bagging house and grinders. The shut down also resulted in
failure of the refractory lining of kilns. Energy is wasted in the preheating and gradual cooling
of the kiln to and from its operating temperatures. The Project is recommended as it will reduce
the energy wastage in preheating and gradual cooling of the kilns, assure efficient operation of
the pollution control facilities, and provide a sufficient and stable supply of energy.

26. Process. The Project process design considered the use of pulverized coal combustion
(PCC), which is more widely used in Viet Nam than the circulating fluidized bed (CFB)
combustion boiler. PCC will require 30% more land area than CFB combustion boiler and may
require additional land acquisition outside the existing cement plant side. The minimum load
requirement for PCC is 60–70% compared to CFB combustion boiler at 40%. This means higher
usage of fuel oil. The fuel oil sold in the Asian markets has high sulfur content, in the range of
2-5%. The PCC has a higher combustion temperature at 1,200-1,300 oC compared to CFB at
800-900oC. SO2 and nitrogen oxide controls are integral components of the CFB combustion
boiler and PCC. Between these two alternatives, the CFB combustion boiler is recommended
for the Project.
 7

27. Fuel. Anthracite coal is used for the CFB combustion boiler as fuel because it is readily
available, has high heating value, and has low sulfur and ash content. The infrastructure for
coal handling exists and can handle the Project’s needs. The residue from coal burning will be
used in the cement plant. Fuel oil, on the other hand, has to be imported and is expensive in
Viet Nam.

28. Cooling Water. There were two options for cooling water. The first option was to use the
river water. The river water has lower dissolved solids than seawater although the difference is
not very much as the river is in the intertidal zone. Using seawater would require long
pipelines or canals; however, discharging the cooling water into the sea results in better
dispersion and less environmental impact than discharging the cooling water into the river.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Physical Environment

29. During Construction. The construction equipment and transport vehicles will emit
fumes such as nitrogen oxides, SO2, CO, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons. The activities
involving heavy vehicles will be particularly intense during site preparation and construction.
The level of emissions from these vehicles will be managed through an appropriate
maintenance schedule for all vehicles, correct engine tuning, and a reduction in the numbers of
diesel driven equipment.

30. Dust cannot be avoided completely due to the nature of the activities during site
preparation and construction. However, it can be managed by regularly spraying the site with
water (particularly during the dry season), washing down vehicles as they leave the site, and
sealing surfaces as soon as practical to minimize the dust.

31. During Operation. Gasses from the boiler are discharged into the air by a 46.5 m stack
with an internal diameter of 2.1 m. Particulate matter will be removed by cyclone and bag
filters. SO2 is removed by injecting limestone into the boiler, which is an integral component of
the process. The air emission concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) with
cyclone and bag filter; SO2 with injection of dry limestone; and NO 2 are lower than Viet Nam
environmental standards (TCVN 5939–1995 and TCVN 6993–2001) and the World Bank
standards. The emission concentrations of the main pollutants are presented in Table 3.
8

Table 3: Concentration of the Main Gaseous Pollutants

World Bank
Environmental
Concentration Air Emission
Pollutant standards
(mg/Nm3) Standards
(mg/Nm3)
(mg/Nm3)
Particulates a Less than 50 400 100
Sulfur oxides b Less than 104 150 2,000
Nitrogen oxides b Less than 246 300 1,500
mg = milligram, Nm 3 = normal cubic meter
Notes:
a
TCVN 5939–1995 – Environmental standards for SPM and inorganic substances in industrial
air emissions
b
TCVN 6994–2001 – Standards for organic substances in industrial emission discharged in
industrial zones
Source: Environmental Technology Center, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment,
and World Bank Handbook for Pollution Prevention and Control

32. The background or existing ambient concentrations of SPM, SO2, and NO 2 were also
measured and the concentrations were found to be lower than the Viet Nam environmental
standards (TCVN 5937–1995). A USEPA mathematical model was used to model the ambient
air concentrations and the background ambient concentrations. Under the worst possible
condition, that the pollution control facilities completely fail, the model predicted the Vietnamese
and World Bank standards will be exceeded in 1.7 ha for SO2, 1.3 ha for nitrogen oxides, and
3.5 ha for SPM. The affected areas are all within the NSCC compound. Under normal
operating conditions, the maximum ground concentration of gaseous pollutants is shown in
Table 4. If the pollution control facilities are operating properly the Vietnamese and World Bank
ambient air quality standards will be met in all instances.

Table 4: Estimated Maximum Ambient Concentration of Major Air Pollutants

Air Quality Standards Maximum Ambient
Parameter 3
(mg/Nm ) (mg/Nm3)
(1 hour-average) (1 hour-average)
SPM 0.3 0.0050
SO2 0.5 0.0103
NO2 0.4 0.0263
mg = milligram, Nm 3 = normal cubic meter, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, SO2 = sulfur
dioxide, SPM = suspended particulate matter
Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment and Environmental
Technology Center

33. The Project will use cooling water to condense the steam after it has been through the
steam turbine. The temperature rise across the condenser will be less than 8 oC. The cooling
water temperature must also be reduced before discharge into the environment. A cooling
tower will be used to lower the cooling water temperature through evaporation, as the water is
sprayed and heat is lost to the air. The Project’s cooling tower water reservoir is designed to
supply up to 5,700 m3/h. The cooling water will then be discharged into the sea near the Nghi
Son jetty after the temperature has been reduced from 40oC to 30oC. The final temperature of
the cooling water is expected to be 29.8oC since the air temperature is much lower than the
 9

seawater temperature. When the cooling tower is functioning, the cooling water will meet the
Vietnamese and World Bank standards without the need for any dilution. Simulated
computations of heat transfer were made using a USEPA model under the conditions of
complete cooling tower failure. These computations were made under two cooling water
discharge alternatives, one to the sea and the other to the river. The cooling water quality will
meet the Vietnamese standard for discharged water (TCVN 1995 and TCVN 6986–2001), but
an area of about 1,200–1,300m 2 immediately adjacent to the discharge point will fail to meet the
World Bank standard of an incremental temperature rise of 3oC.

34. The wastewater volume from various sources is 392 m3/day, including regular or daily
effluent (177 m3/day) and irregular effluent (215 m3/day). The regular flow of wastewater
includes water from cleaning the oil tanks, water from the treatment system, and boiler
wastewater from the power plant. This regular effluent will be collected and treated before
discharge into the drainage system built for NSCC. The domestic wastewater will be treated
by a septic tank with BOD removal efficiency of approximately 30%. Effluent from washing the
heat exchangers and boilers as well as from chemical cleaning of the residue on the boiler
system will be collected and neutralized, and the solid will be settled out. Acids and alkaline
wastes will be collected and neutralized in a four-part system comprised of an acid tank, an
alkaline tank, a neutralization tank, and a lime filter tank. The treated wastewater will meet the
Vietnamese and World Bank environmental standards before it is discharged into the sea near
the Nghi Son jetty.

35. Rainwater is drained by U-shape drainage systems along the roads then through a
reinforced concrete oil separation pit to remove oil and grease that accumulates on the roads
from vehicles and other power plant devices. The wastewater will be checked for compliance
with the environmental regulations before being discharged into the diversion canal on the
southeast side of NSCC.

36. Ash that includes inert substances in coal, calcium oxide, and calcium sulfate will be
mixed with the limestone and fed to the cement kiln. Coal ash, with its metallic oxide, calcium
oxide, and calcium sulfate, is a normal component in the manufacture of cement and is often
bought by cement manufacturers.

37. The Project has 100-m 3 tanks to supply oil for start-up, shut down, and stabilized firing.
The 0.75% water normally found in diesel oil, when properly separated and discharged, is an
insignificant pollution source in the seawater. After passing through a separator, the oil will be
stored in tanks and the water will be treated, together with domestic wastewater, by the
biological waste treatment processes. The oil and oil sludge will be mixed with the lime and
fed to the cement kiln. The treated wastewater will meet the Vietnamese standard (TCVN 1995,
column B, and TCVN 2001, column F1) and the World Bank standard.

38. Diesel oil, distillate, lubricating oils or other oils may spill from the fuel tanks, leak from
the pipeline or may be waste oil. Unless spilled oil is collected right away, it will seep into land,
spread into the drainage water system affecting surface water and underground water, and may
cause fires or explosions. A concrete dike will isolate the areas where spillage could occur.
The Project will also be equipped with an oil suction pump, oil separator, oil absorbent and
dispersing material such as sand, and detergent to clean any spilled oil.

39. During commissioning, spent hydrochloric acid may be discharged from the washing of
boiler tubes. Spills of acids or spent chemicals, if not properly handled and managed, can
affect the health of workers. First aid kits will be available in areas where toxic chemicals are
10

stored so emergencies can be effectively handled. A ventilation system and fans will be
installed in chemical storage areas, and all workers exposed to chemicals will be equipped with
safety clothes, gloves, boots, etc. and properly trained through drills

40. Hazardous and industrial solid wastes, including slag (calcium sulfate), ash, oily sludge,
spent lubricants, and other chemicals, will be generated during the operation of the plant. The
quantity of slag and ash is small and the cement factory will reuse them as raw material. Oil
packages are separated for disposal or recycling. Oilcloths are burned in the NSCC kiln. The
remaining solid waste will be collected and stored at a regulated area. It will then be
transported, stored, treated, and disposed of according to the decree of hazardous waste
management (Decree 155/1999/QD–TTg) issued by the Prime Minister on 16 July 1999. The
amount of domestic waste will be not considerable. Waste per capita, calculated on an
average income basis, in a developing country is 0.5 kilograms/day. With an estimated labor
force of only 36 people, this kind of waste will amount to 18 kg/day. Domestic garbage will be
collected and stored in waste bins at the factory before disposal at the planned area by Thanh
Hoa Urban Environmental Service Company.

41. Noise originates from workplace sites with high-powered equipment such as the steam
turbine, generator, and high-pressure steam. The noise from these sources is continuous and
averages about 90–105 decibel acoustic (dB[A]) in the production area. The noise is reduced
by a thick cover of insulating material and dispersed by soft insulating material. The impact of
noise is negligible beyond 500 m from the generation site. The noise from high-pressure
valves is intermittent and intentionally designed to attract the attention of the operators. The
noise generated can be as high as 110–120 dB(A) and last for 5–10 minutes. A computer
simulation model was used to capture the noise dispersion. The radius of the area with noise
levels of 60 dB(A) or higher is less than 250 m from the center of the Project. However, the
Project will be equipped with noise reduction equipment for steam exhaust valves. With this
equipment, the noise level within 50 m of the generation site is 45–60 dB(A). Viet Nam’s noise
standard (TCVN 5949–1995) allows the maximum noise level in public and residential areas at
60 dB(A) from 6 a.m. to 18 p.m., 55 dB(A) from 18 p.m. to 22 p.m., and 45 dB(A) from 22 p.m.
to 6 a.m. The World Bank standard allows 70 dB(A) for industrial zones at all times (Table 5).

Table 5: World Bank Standard for Noise

Maximum allowable log equivalent
(hourly measurement in dB[A])
Receptor Day Night
(07:00–22:00) (22:00–7:00)
Residential, institutional, educational 55 45
Industrial, commercial 70 70
dB[A] = decibel acoustic
Source: World Bank Handbook for Pollution Prevention and Control

42. Fire and explosion within the plant is a potential major risk. The items with the highest
risk are electrical equipment, transmission systems, and fuel storage areas. The electrical
equipment and transmission systems are potential sources of risks if incorrectly maintained.
The plant will be designed with the appropriate level of isolation between high-risk areas. To
help prevent an explosion, oil storage areas will be designated as dangerous. All equipment in
these areas will be similarly designated. Internal regulations on fire prevention will be hung at
 11

the oil tank areas. Fire equipment will always be maintained in working condition. Anything
that can spark a fire will be prohibited and no light sources will use flames. Workers will be
required to follow all technical instructions and will be trained to handle any accident that may
occur during operation.

B. Biological Environment

43. According to the demand for land and the Project’s technical requirements, the power
plant will be built on land cleared and prepared solely for its use. Upon completion of
construction, the site will be landscaped to provide grass and shrubs over the uncovered areas.
In the Nghi Son Industrial Zone, not less than 15% of the total area will have tree cover, to meet
local construction standards (Decree 29/1999/QD–BXD dated 22 October 1999 issued by the
Ministry of Construction on Environmental Protection Regulations in the Construction Sector
and Construction Guidelines, 1996 [Articles 5.16, 6.14 and 7.16]).

C. Sociocultural Impacts

44. The impacts of the Project on the health and socioeconomic development of the people
in the area include additional electricity for the region, provision of conditions for rational and
effective use of natural resources in the country, creation of new jobs for related services and
direct workers, and acceleration of the investment process in the region.

45. Even in the worst expected case when the pollution control facilities are not working, the
ambient air quality outside the Nghi Son Cement Plant will not exceed the Vietnamese and
World Bank standards. Under normal operations, the ambient air quality impact will be
negligible. The plant will have no impact on the health of the people working or living in the
area or on their property. Since the Project will be built on the existing NSCC site, no
additional land acquisition or resettlement is needed.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

46. The total capital invested for the Project is estimated to be $49 million, including plant
facility costs of $43 and other project-associated costs of $6 million. The estimated cost of
pollution control equipment (for air emission, effluent, and solid waste control) is $4.5 million and
the cost for accident prevention equipment is $0.11 million. The cost for environmental
monitoring is $14,500 per year. The Project will also coordinate with specialized organizations
for training in accident prevention. Training seminars, such as site safety procedures, body
health check, etc. will be conducted twice a year (rainy season and dry season) at an estimated
annual expense of $10,000.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

47. The Project sponsors will create an emergency response plan including (i) classification
and identification of potential accidents, (ii) implementation of the emergency response plan, (iii)
roles and responsibilities of organizations and personnel in the emergency response plan, (iv)
equipment necessary on site for emergency response and management, (v) training and
periodic drilling in emergency response, (vi) basic first aid, and (vii) training courses in safety
and accident prevention.
12

48. According to Government Decree 175/CP of 18 October 1994 and Circular

490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT issued by MOSTE on 9 April 1998, the project owner has to prepare a
registration report for securing environmental standards for all the project activities. This is
required before a registration certificate for securing environmental standards can be obtained
from MONRE. All environmental indicator parameters must meet the environmental standards.
The registration certificate will be valid for 5 years.

49. The project owner will purchase and install the equipment for continuous monitoring of
SO2 and NO 2 in emissions. A third party will monitor dust and CO emissions four times per
year and three times per day during the sampling period. The Project's owner will also
cooperate with a service company, accredited by MONRE, to carry out periodic monitoring of
ambient dust, NO 2, SO2, CO, and noise levels. These tests will be done in four places around
the residential area surrounding the plant site four times per year. Samples will be taken every
8 hours over the 24-hour period.

50. The project owner will cooperate with the service company to carry out periodic
monitoring of temperature, humidity, light, wind speed, noise, and dust at ten places in the
workplace four times per year, three times per day. Workers will also be given annual health
examinations to monitor for work related diseases.

51. The project owner will cooperate with the service company to sample and analyze the
concentrations of pollutants in domestic sewage from the plant (pH, suspended solids, BOD,
COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia, oil, grease, E. Coli, and total coliform).
Samples will be taken four times per year at two places (before and after treatment). Sampling
and analysis of cooling water for temperature, pH, oil, and grease will also be conducted four
times per year at two places (before and after treatment). Wastewater will be sampled and
analyze for pH, suspended solids, and heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, iron,
manganese) once a year (before and after treatment). Oil concentrations in wastewater will be
measured four times per year at one place (before and after treatment). Spot samples of storm
water will be taken once a year at two places after rains and analyzed for pH, suspended solids,
BOD, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia, oil, grease, E. Coli, and total coliform.

52. Solid waste is collected and classified in the plant. The plant monitors the quantity and
kind of waste, and treatment method. A waste management diary will be maintained and
periodic reports will be made to the local environmental management organization. When in
operation, the plant will set up a waste registration management document. The
documentation of waste storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal will be made in
accordance with the Decree of Hazardous Waste Management 155/1999/QD–TTg of 16 July
1999, issued by the Prime Minister. The environmental management plan is shown in
Appendix 3.

VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

53. The People’s Committees, Department of Industry, Department of Planning and

Investment, and Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thanh Hoa Province
have all expressed their willingness to invite investors to construct two new power plants in the
new Nghi Son Town. The plants will satisfy electricity demand in the region, create new jobs
for direct and related service workers, and accelerate the investment process in the region.
 13

54. Local residents had several opportunities to express their opinions on the Project. The
People’s Committee of Hai Thuong Commune organized the semi-annual meeting in July 2003
and the committee chairman informed them about the project. Environmental Technology
Centre staff interviewed the People’s Committee of the commune and other people living
around the project site between October 2002 and August 2003 as part of the process of the
registration report for securing environmental standards. A second public consultation was
then held on 6 November 2003 in Hai Thuong Commune. A total of one hundred twenty five
people attended the meeting including representatives from the People’s Committee of Tinh Gia
District, People’s Committee of Hai Thuong Commune, and Department of Natural Resources
and Environment of Thanh Hoa Province. The notification to the public and invitation to the
meeting were done in accordance with ADB’s public consultation procedures. The meeting
minutes are available upon request from the Project office and the borrower’s office.

55. The local people were very happy to support the Project in their village. They
acknowledge the improvement of their living conditions due to the presence of the cement plant
and hope that the Project will provide them new job opportunities. Local residents have
requested that appropriate measures be taken to keep the environment clean and that they be
informed of further development plans in the area.

IX. CONCLUSION

56. The treatment systems will be constructed as an integral part of the generator and will
be complete when the generator is commissioned. The project sponsors will construct waste
treatment facilities on time and bear the costs of operating the treatment and monitoring
facilities.

57. During operation, the project sponsors agree to treat or address the waste products
described as follows in order to meet Vietnamese standards

(i) Air emission. The concentration of pollutants in air emissions from the generator
will meet Vietnamese standards for industrial air emission standards for dust (TCVN
5939–1995), air quality standards for inorganic substance in industrial emissions
discharged in Industries (TCVN 6991–2001), and the World Bank standards.

(ii) Ambient air. The pollutants of air emission from the generator will meet
Vietnamese standards for ambient air quality (TCVN 5937–1995) and the World Bank
normal operating conditions when the pollution control facilities are operating. Under
extreme conditions when the pollution control facilities fail, the ambient air quality will fail
to meet the Vietnamese and World Bank standards in a limited area within the Nghi Son
Cement Plant compound.

(iii) Noise. The noise from the generator operation will meet the Vietnamese noise
standards for public and inhabited areas (TCVN 5949–1995), the temporary standards
for noise in workshops (TCVN 3985–1995), and the World Bank standards.

(iv) Wastewater. The Project will treat wastewater to meet Vietnamese standards
(TCVN 1995, column B and TCVN 2001, column F1) and the World Bank standards.

(v) Hazardous waste. The Project will be responsible for the collection, storage,
transportation, treatment, and disposal of all hazardous waste in accordance with
14

Vietnamese Law (decree of hazardous waste management 155/1999/QD–TTg issued by

the Prime Minister on 16 July 1999).

(vi) Domestic solid waste. The Project will collect and dispose of domestic solid
waste according to the hygienic security requirements of the Management Board of
Industrial Zone.

58. The Project will apply all measures stated in the SEIA to prevent, mitigate, and deal with
accidents. Workers will be trained to enhance managerial capabilities, ensure operational
safety and effectively, and control environmental pollution. The Project will bear responsibility
for any breach of Vietnamese law.
 Appendix 1 15

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT APPROVAL OF THE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources Socialist Republic of Vietnam

No. 2686/BTNMT–TD Independence – Freedom – Happiness

Hanoi, 14th October 2003

CERTIFICATION OF
REGISTRATION REPORT FOR SECURING ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
Project: “Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant for Nghi Son Cement Plant”
In Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Certifies that

Article 1. Japan Power Development Co., Ltd. has submitted the Registration Report for
Securing Environmental Standards of the “Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant for Nghi
Son Cement Plant” Project

Article 2. Project Owner is obliged to comply with the contents which are specified in the
Registration Report for Securing Environmental Standards

Article 3. Registration Report for Securing Environmental Standards of the Project serves as
the basis for various State Environment Agencies for Environment Protection to
supervise environment protection compliance

Article 4. After completion of environment protection projects, the Project Owner must submit
the written report on environment protection to respective State Environment Agencies

Article 5. State Environment Management Agency of Thanh Hoa Province is authorized to

Supervise, monitor the implementation of environment protection contents mentioned in
the Registration Report for Securing Environmental Standards and is requested to
submit report to Environment Appraisal and EIA Department every 6 months

For Minister
of Environment & Natural Resources
General Director
Environment Appraisal and EIA Department
Nguyen Khac Kinh

Attn:
Japan Power Development Co., Ltd.
Environment and Natural Resource Bureau in Thanh Hoa Province
Archive at Appraisal Department
16 Appendix 2
VIETNAMESE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Table A2.1: Ambient Air Quality (mg/m3)

Parameter Average Time
1 hr 8 hr 24 hr
CO 40 10 5
NO2 0.4 — 0.1
SO2 0.5 — 0.3
Lead (particulate) — — 0.005
O3 0.2 — 0.06
SPM 0.3 — 0.2

CO = carbon monoxide, m 3 = cubic meters, mg = milligrams,

NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, O3 = ozone, SO2 = sulfur dioxide,
SPM = suspended particulate matter.
Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Table A2.2: Parameter Limits and Allowable Concentrations

of Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater
Parameter Limit for Discharge into Water Bodies
Type A Type B Type C
Temperature (°C) 40 40 45
pH 6–9 5.5–9 5–9
BOD 5 at 20°C (mg/l) 20 50 100
COD (mg/l) 50 100 400
Suspended Solids (mg/l) 50 100 200
Arsenic (mg/l) 0.05 0.1 0.5
Cadmium (mg/l) 0.01 0.02 0.5
Lead (mg/l) 0.1 0.5 1
Residual Chlorine (mg/l) 1 2 2
Chromium VI (mg/l) 0.05 0.1 0.5
Chromium III (mg/l) 0.05 0.1 0.5
Mineral Oil and Fat (mg/l) No find 1 5
Animal-Vegetable Fat and Oil (mg/l) 5 10 30
Copper (mg/l) 0.2 1 5
Zinc (mg/l) 1 2 5
Manganese (mg/l) 0.2 1 5
Nickel (mg/l) 0.2 1 2
Organic Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.2 0.5 1
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) 4 6 8
Iron (mg/l) 1 5 10
Tetracloetylen (mg/l) 0.02 0.1 0.1
Tin (mg/l) 0.2 1 5
Mercury (mg/l) 0.005 0.005 0.01
Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 30 60 60
Tricloetvien (mg/l) 0.05 0.3 0.3
Ammonia Calculated by N (mg/l) 0.1 1 10
Fluoride (mg/l) 1 2 5
Phenol (mg/l) 0.001 0.05 1
Sulfur (mg/l) 0.2 0.5 1
Cyanide (mg/l) 0.05 0.1 0.2
Coliform (MPN/100ml) 5,000 10,000 —
Gross Alpha Activity (Bq/l) 0.1 0.1 —
Gross Beta Activity (Bq/l) 1 1 —
°C = degrees Celsius, BOD 5 = five-day biochemical oxygen demand, Bq = becquerel, COD = chemical oxygen
demand, l = liter, mg = milligram, ml = milliliter, MPN = most probable number, pH =potential for hydrogen.
Type A – domestic water supply sources
Type B – navigation, irrigation, bathing, aquatic breeding and cultivation
Type C – specific water bodies permitted by authority agencies
Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.
 Appendix 2 17
Table A2.3: Parameter limits and allowable concentrations
of pollutants in coastal water
Parameter Limit for discharge into water bodies
Type A Type B Type C

Temperature (°C) 30 — —
Odor Unapparent — —
pH 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5
Dissolved Solid (mg/l) >4 >5 >4
BOD5 at 20°C (mg/l) < 20 < 10 < 20
Suspended Solids (mg/l) 25 50 200
Arsenic (mg/l) 0.05 0.01 0.05
Ammonia as N (mg/l) 0.1 0.5 0.5
Cadmium (mg/l) 0.005 0.005 0.01
Lead (mg/l) 0.1 0.05 0.1
Chromium VI (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium III (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.2
Chloride (mg/l) - 0.01 -
Copper (mg/l) 0.02 0.01 0.02
Fluoride (mg/l) 1.5 1.5 1.5
Zinc (mg/l) 0.1 0.01 0.1
Manganese (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iron (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.3
Mercury (mg/l) 0.005 0.005 0.01
Sulfide (mg/l) 0.01 0.005 0.01
Cyanide (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 0.02
Phenol Compounds (mg/l) 0.001 0.001 0.002
Oil and Fat Film (mg/l) 0 0 0.3
Oil and Fat Suspension (mg/l) 2 1 5
Total Pesticides (mg/l) 0.05 0.01 0.05
Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1,000 1,000 1,000
°C = degrees Celsius, BOD 5 = five-day biochemical oxygen demand, l = liter, mg = milligram, ml =
milliliter, MPN = most probable number, pH =potential for hydrogen.
Type A – bathing and recreation
Type B – aquatic cultivation
Type C – others
Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.

Permissible Noise Level (dB[A])

Area Time of Day
0600–1800 1800–2200 2200–0600

Quiet Areas (hospitals, libraries, senatorial,

schools, etc.) 50 45 40
Residential Areas (houses, administrative
60 55 45
offices, hotels, apartments etc.)
Commercial and Service Areas 70 70 50
Small Industrial Factories Intermingled with
Residential Areas 75 70 50

dB(A) = decibel acoustic

Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.
18 Appendix 3
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Impact
1. Physical Resources
a. Air Quality
i. Construction Phase
Dust emitted from
construction activities , e.g.,
site excavation and structure
construction.
ii. Operation Phase
Gaseous pollutants such as
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
sulfur dioxide (SO2) from
power plant, including dust
from operation activities such
as the emissions from stack
and the stockyard as well as
the process of conveying coal
to the power plant.
Mitigation Measures
Follow the environmental
protection regulations for
construction issued by the
Ministry of Construction in
2000, e.g.,
• covering loose materials
in the buildings on the
site with canvass during
construction,
• spraying water on the
entrance of the
construction site and
material piles,
• washing wheels of trucks
before they exit the
construction site, and
• covering construction
material during transport.
Use Hon Gai high quality coal
(anthracite coal with sulfur
0.72% average, 16.5% ash,
and volatile matter).
Control dust at the covered
conveyor belts, transfer
points for coal and ash, using
existing facility of Nghi Son
Cement Corporation (NSCC).
Install equipment to reduce
air pollution, e.g., cyclone and
bag filter to collect dust and
limestone injection to reduce
SO2 from the power plant.
Low temperature to reduce
NOx.
Install the 46.5 meter stack
for better air pollutant
dispersion.
Responsible
Monitoring Program
Party
Assure the environmental Contractor and
protection regulations are Electric Power
followed. Development Co
Quarterly monitor for total (the owner).
suspended particulates (TSP)
and particulate matter of 10
microns (PM-10) at Hai
Thuong, once /3 months
during construction.
Cost is about $600/year.
Quality of coal used in the Owner
project to be checked every
trip by a third party.
The 3-day continuous NSCC
monitoring of ambient air
quality must be done 2 times
a year. Two monitoring
stations will be at downwind
and two upwind of the coal
stockyard; another station will
be at Hai Thuong Commune.
The parameters investigated
at the three stations are TSP
and PM-10. Total cost is
about $1,000/year.
Implement manual stack Owner
testing to cross check with
the continuous emission
monitoring system twice a
year. Cost is about
$400/year.
Cost of the installation Owner
including the equipment of
continuous emission

Environmental Impact
b. Noise
i. Construction Phase
Noise from construction
activities such as pile
construction, materials
transportation, and foundation
construction.
The impact from noise on
workers will occur only in the
high noise level areas , such
as the pile construction area.
The noise impact on
residences will be low since
the Project is far from the
community.
ii. Operation Phase
Noise from generator and
machine during coal
transportation process.
Mitigation Measures
Control air emission will meet
the standards on an emission
flow rate of 193,100 normal
cubic meter per hour, which
consists of TSP, SO 2, NO x
are 50, 150, and 300
milligrams per cubic meter
(mg/m³) respectively. These
concentrations are lower than
the standards Viet Nam
Standard (TCVN 6991–
2001).
Provide noise protection
equipment, such as earmuffs,
for workers in high noise level
areas.
Periodically rotate the
workers in high noise level
areas to minimize the noise
impact.
Install warning signs at high
noise level areas.
Maintain machine in good
condition.
Provide noise protection
Appendix 3 19
Responsible
Monitoring Program
Party
monitoring system , which
automatically and
continuously monitors
emission released from stack,
is about $150,000.
Parameters are , SO2, NOx,
temperature, and oxygen
(O2). Velocity and particulate
will measured manually.
Monitor ambient air quality at Owner
4 stations in close proximity
to the power plant.
Parameters monitored at
these stations are SO2, NOx,
carbon monoxide, TSP. At
the meteorological station,
wind speed and direction
must be monitored. The cost
for the four stations is $1,200
per year for operation.
The same parameters and
stations will be used to
manually cross check. The
24-hour continuous
monitoring of ambient air
quality must be done four
times a year. Total cost is
about $1,200/year.
Assure the contractor Contractor and
provides enough noise owner
protection equipment for the
workers.
24-hour continuous noise Owner
monitoring at 4 stations in the
construction site, every 3
months. Total cost of the
monitoring is about
$800/year.
Monitor the noise level for Owner
24-hour continuous period at
4 stations at the power plant
and surrounding, 4 times a
20 Appendix 3

Responsible
Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party

equipment such as earmuffs year. Total cost is about $400

for workers in high noise level per year.
areas.

Periodically rotate the

workers in high noise impact
areas to minimize the impact.

Install warning signs in

highnoise level areas.
c. Geology and Mineral
i. Construction Phase
None None
None

ii. Operation Phase

None None None

d. Surface Water Quality

i. Construction Phase

Sediment leached from the
construction material and the
construction may contaminate
the area around the site.
Properly manage the piles of Contractor and
construction materials by Owner
covering them with canvas.
Prepare a sedimentation
pond to collect the water
passing through the
construction area and prevent
sediments from leaching out
of the site.

ii. Operation Phase

Some areas have activities
that produce wastewater,
such as the operating office,
production area (e.g., hot
water in the boiler), and
maintenance section.
Prepare the drainage system
to collect the 392 m 3 per day
of the process and office
wastewater and drain it to the
treatment plant, which is in
the project site, before being
discharged from the site.
9 stations set up for Owner
monitoring the effluent from
2–4 times a year. The
parameters are biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD),
suspended solids, total
phosphorus, total nitrogen,
acidity or alkalinity (pH), oil
and grease, E. Coli, total
coliform , and temperature.
The monitoring cost is about
$3,000/year.

Wastewater collected from Wastewater from the coal

the area of the coal unloading and coal pile area NSCC
management at the conveyer will be collected and
. discharged to the nearby
sedimentation pond before
being wholly reused in the
sprinkler system using
existing facility of NSCC
 Appendix 3 21

Responsible
Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party

e. Water Resources and

Hydrology
i. Construction Phase

Nghi Son Cement Plant will None None

supply the Project with water
used in the construction site
by pipeline.

ii. Operation Phase

Consume 5,700 m³/day of None None

seawater for the cooling
system.
Consume 100 m ³/day of
groundwater.

f. Waste Handling and

Disposal
i. Construction Phase

Most of waste is construction Contract the municipal Assure the contractor uses Contractor and
material that will be trucked agency to handle it. adequate waste handling and owner
out of the site. disposal management.

ii. Operation Phase

Waste produced from the The management will use the Monitor water quality of the Owner
project activities includes mitigation measures to treatment plant’s effluent with
• general waste (solid and ensure water quality, e.g., by the same measures as the
liquid waste) from the providing a wastewater surface water quality.
office; treatment system to receive
• wastewater released wastewater from the process, Automatic sensor with two
from the power plant office activities, and toilet. probes will be installed at the
(e.g., wastewater at the outfall for the treated the
cooling sys tem ; and cooling water effluent.
Monitor the parameters,
temperature, and pH
automatically and send the
date signal to the control
room. This online system will
be useful for improvement
water quality as soon as
possible.

• Ash from coal Clinker will be reused for Monitor water quality of the
combustion. production in the Nghi Son surveillance sumps with the
Cement Plant same measures as the
surface water quality.

2. Ecological Resources
a. Forest and Wildlife
i. Construction Phase

None None None

22 Appendix 3
Environmental Impact
ii. Operation Phase
None
b. Aquatic Ecology and
Sea Water Quality
i. Construction Phase
The Project will be
constructed on reclaimed land
and the material will be
transported by land
transportation.
Small amounts of fugitive dust
could be dispersed into the
sea.
Contaminated water from the
construction activities.
ii. Operation Phase
Sources of the effluent
released from the power plant
are the 5,700 m³/hour of
seawater used in the cooling
system.
High temperature seawater
released from the cooling
system.
Direct impact on aquatic life
due to the pumping of
seawater sent to the cooling
system and the hot water
released from the system.
Mitigation Measures
None
Use the same mitigation
measures as in a. (air
quality), e.g., spraying water
on the construction site.
The temperature, which will
not be over 40°C, must also
not exceed the 8°C existing
temperature of seawater
within 20 m from the effluent
point.
Reduce the losses of aquatic
life coming with the intake
seawater by designing an
intake that decreases the
velocity to 0.3 m/second.
Install screens that will help
the organisms to escape from
the intake system.
Responsible
Monitoring Program
Party
None
Assure the contractor follows Contractor and
the environmental regulations Owner
(same mitigation measure as
for the air quality).
Assure the contractor
provides the drainage
channel in the construction
site.
Automatic sensor with two Owner
probes will be installed at
outfall to analyze temperature
and pH. The sensor will
automatically send signals to
the control room. This online
system will be a benefit for
water pollution management.
The 2 stations for monitoring
seawater quality will be
distributed within 20 m from
the effluent point. They will
monitor at two depths, the
seawater surface and at
mid-depth. The monitoring
must be reported 4
times/year during
construction. The total
monitoring cost is about $400
each time.
Monitor seawater quality in
Nghi Son jetty for: salinity;
dissolved oxygen; pH;
transparency; suspended
solids ; total dissolved solids;
oil and grease; nitrates;
phosphate; trace elements;
heavy metals – mercury,
lead, cadmium, and
chromium ; and quantity and
types of plankton. The 2

Environmental Impact
3. Human Use Values
None
a. Navigation
i. Construction Phase
None
ii. Operation Phase
The Project will use its own
berth for unloading coal, and
have little impact on existing
berths.
b. Land Transportation
i. Construction Phase
Increased traffic volume due
to the transportation of
workers and construction
equipment.
ii. Operation Phase
Coal transportation does not
affect the road traffic because
it is transported by sea.
A low impact may occur
because of vehicles.
Appendix 3 23
Responsible
Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party
sampling stations are at the
intake and outflow. The
monitoring must be reported
4 times/year during operation.
Monitor at two depths, the
seawater surface and at
mid-depth.
Total cost of the monitoring is
about $3,000/year.
None None
None None
Provide a safety and None Owner
emergency response
program based on the
international navigation aids
program.
The annual oil spill prevention
and combating training
course conducted by the
project owner.
Large equipment may be None Contractor and
transported by vessels and Owner
must not obstruct the existing
channel.
Construction materials will be
trucked to the site during
off-peak working hours.
Truck speeds will be
regulated.
Cooperation with the highway None Owner
police to manage traffic
especially during rush hours.
Maintain vehicles in good Contractor and
condition. Owner
24 Appendix 3

Responsible
Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party

c. Soil Characteristic
Agriculture and Agro
Industry
i. Construction Phase

None None None

ii. Operation Phase

None None None

d. Flood Control &

Drainage
i. Construction Phase

Flooding in construction area. Proper construction None Contractor and

management and design of owner
the drainage system.

ii. Operation Phase

None None None

e. Power Supply and

Transmission
i. Construction Phase

Buy electricity from local None None

electricity

ii. Operation Phase

Improve the service efficiency None None

of the electrical system in
Nghi Son Cement
Corporation.

f. Land Use
i. Construction Phase

The Project has been None None

permitted to construct in Nghi
Son Industrial Zone.

Use land only in the project

area.

ii. Operation Phase

No Impact because the None None

project area is in Nghi Son
Industrial
Zone.

4. Quality of Life Values

a. Socioeconomic
i. Construction Phase
 Appendix 3 25

Responsible
Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party

Social problems such as Provide enough infrastructure None Contractor and

immigration and conflicts facilities for the workers. owner
between alien workers and
the local people. Provide safe conditions for
workers.

ii. Operation Phase

Increase the capacity of None None

electrical service.

Positive impact is a major

outcome, e.g., a better
economic status and job
employment; the negative
impact is minor.

b. Public Health
i. Construction Phase

The impact will directly affect Use proper materials and None Contractor and
the workers. equipment in the construction owner
Equipment and working activity to decrease the risk of
hazard. causing accidents.

Provide safety protection

equipment such as helmets,
shoes, glasses, gloves, and
ear muffs.

ii. Operation Phase

Emission impact on workers Physical resource Check the workers’ health Owner
and people around the project management. annually.
area.

Impact of dust, SO2, noise, Enforce the use of protective Provide emergency
heat, chemicals on workers, equipment as a standard responses and cooperate
and accidents. practice. with other agencies.

Usual accident risks during Install warning signs in the Investigate the environment
operation of the power plant. risk areas. of the working area to focus
on dust, SO2, NOx, noise,
and heat.

c. Visual Aspect
i. Construction Phase

The Project will be None None

constructed in an industrial
area.

ii. Operation Phase

Impact of the height of The power station should be None Owner

structures such as the stack designed in keeping with
26 Appendix 3

Responsible
Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Program
Party

and building. neighboring industries.

Landscape measures such
as screen planting to reduce
the impact.