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6 Interface characteristics 232

6 Interface characteristics
6.1 Bond of embedded steel reinforcement
Explicit consideration of the influence of bond on performance at the Bond is the term used to denote the interaction and transfer of force
Re
serviceability limit state and on rotation capacity is not normally required for between reinforcement and concrete. Bond influences performance of
members reinforced with conventional plain or deformed steel bars. The concrete structures in several ways. At the serviceability limit state, bond
influence is instead represented by a modification of the tension stiffening influences width and spacing of transverse cracks, tension stiffening and
from surrounding concrete. curvature. At the ultimate limit state, bond is responsible for strength of end
vi
anchorages and lapped joints of reinforcement, and influences rotation
no
t
e w capacity of plastic hinge regions.

fo 6.1.1 Local bond-slip relationship

slip relationship depends on a considerable number of
The bond stress-slip Under well
well-defined conditions, it is possible to consider that there is an
influencing factors like rib geometry (related ribb area), concrete strength,
r aaverage
verage 'Local bond' versus 'Local slip' re relationship, for short anchorage
position
tion and orientation of the bar during casting, state of stress, boundary lengths, statistically acceptable.
conditions and concrete cover.
di
Therefore the bond stress-slipslip curves for confined and un nconfined
uunconfined For monotonic loading the bond stresses between concrete and reinfor
reinforcing
st
co
concrete, presented in Figure 6.1-1,1, can be considered as statistical mean bar for pull-out
pull out and splitting failure can be calculated as a function
fun of the
curves, applicable as an average formulation for or a broad range of cases. relative displacement s aac
according
ccording to Eqs. (6.1
(6.1-1) to (6.1-4) (see Figure 6.1-1).
rib
Further reliability handling would be needed to derive design bond stress-slip
curves.
ut
py
The first curved part refers to the stage in which the ribs penetrate into the io!0 = !max ((s/s
/ 1) ! for 0 ! s ! s1 (6.1-1)
mortar matrix, characterized by local crushing and micro-cracking. The
horizontal level occurs only for confined concrete, referring to advanced !0 = !max
n for s1 ! s ! s2 (6.1-2)
crushing and shearing off of the concrete between the ribs. This level ((s-s
!0 = !max (!max - !f ) (ss--ss2)/(
)/(s3-s2) for s2 ! s ! s3 (6.1-3)
represents a residual bond capacity, which is maintained by virtue of a large
or
on
concrete cover or a minimum transverse reinforcement, keeping a certain !f for s3 < s (6.1-4)
(
degree of integrity intact. The decreasing branch refers to the reduction of
sa
bond resistance due to shearing of the concrete corbels between the ribs. In
case of unconfined concrete splitting failure occurs which is reflected by a
le
ly
sudden drop of the bond strength before the horizontal level is reached.