Progress Exercises 1.

1
Revision on Basics
Show, step by step, how the expression on the left hand side simplifies to that on the right

1. 2x + 3x + 5 (2x - 3) = 15 (x - 1)
2x + 3x + 10x - 15 = 15 (x - 1)
15x - 15 = 15 (x - 1)

2. 4x2 + 7x + 2x(4x - 5) = 3x (4x - 1)

4x2 + 7x + 8x2 - 10x = 3x (4x - 1)
2
12x - 3x = 3x (4x - 1)

3. 2x(y + 2) - 2y(x + 2) = 4(x - y)

2xy + 4x - 2xy - 4y = 4(x - y)
4x - 4y = 4(x - y)

4. (x + 2) (x - 4) - 2(x - 4) = x(x - 4)
x2 - 2x - 8 -2x + 8 = x(x - 4)
x2 - 4x = x(x - 4)

5. (x + 2) (y - 2) + (x - 3) (y + 2) = 2xy - y 10
xy + 2y 2x 4 + xy 3y + 2x 6 = 2xy - y 10

6. (x + 2)2 + (x - 2)2 = 2(x2 + 4)

x2 + 4x + 4 + x2 4x + 4= 2(x2 + 4)
2x2 + 8 = 2(x2 + 4)

7. (x + 2)2 (x 2)2 = 8x
x2 + 4x + 4 x2 + 4x 4 = 8x

8. (x + 2)2 x(x + 2) = 2(x + 2)

x2 + 4x + 4 x2 2x = 2(x + 2)
2x + 4 = 2(x + 2)

1 1 5 68
9. + + =1
3 3 7 105
35+ 63+75 68
=1
105 105
173 68
=1
105 105

x x x
10. - =
2 3 6
3 x2 x x
=
6 6

11.
( 23 ) =
10
3
( 15 )
2 5 10
=
3 1 3

12. ( 27 ) =
2
21
3
 2 1 2
=
7 3 21

2 x 4x 2 4
13. 2 (
x 2 ) =
x
=
x
x
2
4x 2 4
2 ( 4x
2x ) =
x
=
x
x

3P P
14.
12
P
+
2 2 ( ) = -24
12 4 P

P 2 ( )
= -24
12
(2 P) = -24
P

15. ( 3x ) =
3
x ( x+3 )
x +3
3 1 3
=
x x +3 x ( x+3 )

16.
( P+5Q2 ) = 5Q
( P+1 2 )
5 Q P+ 2
= 5Q
P+2 1

11 2 6 7
17. + - =
5 5 5 5

11 +26 7
=
5 5

1 21
18. 3 + 1 =
5 5
15 6 21
+ =
5 5 5

7 6
19. -9+= -7
5 10
1490+6
= -7
10
70
= -7
10

5 7
20.
3 ( 115 + 25 65 ) =
3
5 7 7
=
3 5 3

11 2 6
+ 7
21. 5 5 5 =
15
3
7 1 7
=
5 3 15
 2 3 3 143
22. + - =
7 5 8 280
80+168105 143
=
280 280

3 3
+ 19
23. 3 2 =
() 8
2
8 3 19
(3 ) + =
3 2 2
16 3 19
+ =
2 2 2

x 2x 6 3 x6
24. + - =
5 5 5 5
x +2 x6 3 x6
=
5 5

7 x 632 x2
25. - =
2x 9 18 x

x3 2 x 103 x
26. + - =
5 x 5 5x
2 2
x 3 x +10x 103 x
=
5x 5x

192 32
27. =
54 9

12 xy 3y
28. =
4 x2 x

( x+2 )2 ( x +2 )
29. =
2 x ( x +2 ) 2x

2
4 x ( 5+ x )
30. 2 = 2x
20 x +4 x
2
4 x ( 5+ x )
=x
4 x ( 5+ x )
 Progress Exercises 1.2
Use basics to Solve Equations
Solve the following equations. Remember that equations may have no solution or infinetely many
solutions.

1. 2x + 3x + 5 ( 2 x 3 ) = 30
2x + 3x + 10x 15 = 30
15 x = 45
x =3

2. 4 x 2 +7 x2 x ( 2 x5 ) = 17
4 x 2 +7 x4 x 2+10 x = 17
17x = 17
x =1

3. ( x2 ) ( x+ 4 ) =0
x = 2 , x = -4

4. ( x2 ) ( x+ 4 ) = 2x
x 2+2 x82 x =0
x 28 =0
x = 2 2

5. ( x2 ) ( x+ 4 ) = -8
x 2+2 x8+ 8 =0
x(x+2) =0
x=0 , x= -2

6. x ( x2 ) ( x +4 ) =0
x = 0 , x = 2 , x = -4

7. 4 x ( x2 ) ( x2 ) =0
x=0,x=2,x=2

8. 2 x ( y +2 )2 y ( x +2 ) =0
2xy + 4x 2xy 4y =0
4x = 4y (Many Solution)

9. ( x+ 2 )( y +2 ) =0
x = -2 , y = -2

10. ( x+ 2 )( y +2 ) + ( x3 )( y +2 ) =0
( xy +2 x +2 y +4 ) + ( xy +2 x3 y 6 ) =0
2xy + 4x y 2 =0
2x (y + 2) y 2 =0 (Many Solution)

11. ( x2 ) ( x+ 4 )2 ( x 4 ) =0
x 2+2 x82 x+8 =0
x =0

12. ( x+ 2 )2+ ( x2 )2 =0
x 2+ 4 x +4 + x 24 x +4 =0
2 x2 = -8
x2 = -4 (No Solution)

13. ( x+ 2 )2( x2 )2 =0
x 2+ 4 x +4x 2 +4 x 4 =0
 8x =0
x =0

14. x ( x 2 +2 ) =0
2
x=0, x = -2 (No Solution)

x x 2
15. =
3 2 3
2 x3 x 2
=
6 3
6x 9x = 12
-3x = 12
x = -4

x
16. = 2x
3
x = 6x
x 6x =0
x =0

2 3
17. =1
x 2x
43
=1
2x
1 = 2x
1
x =
2

4 x ( x4 ) ( x+ 3,8 )
18. 4 3 2 =0
x 4 x +7 x 5 x+ 102
4 x ( x 20,2 x15,2 )
4 3 2
=0
x 4 x +7 x 5 x+ 102
4 x 30,2 x 215,2 x
4 3 2 =0 (No Solution)
x 4 x +7 x 5 x+ 102

19. ( 12P P )( 32P + P2 ) = 480

12 P 4 P
(
P )( 2 )
= 480

48 P2
= 480
2P
P = - 20

20. ( Q2 ) =0 (No Solution)

21. ( 25x ) =1
x
25
=1
x2
x = 5
22.
( P+5Q2 ) = 20
( P+1 2 )
5 Q P+ 2
= 20
P+2 1
Q =4

1
23. 10 - =0
10 Q
1
10 =
10 Q
Q = 0,01

24. 4x + 8 ( x2 ) = 12
4x + 8x 16 = 12
12x = 28
1
x =2
3

2
25. =4
x
1
x =
2

26. 2 0,75x = x 1,5

3,5 = 1,75x
x =2

27. 3x ( x2 ) =0
x=0,x=2

28. ( x2 )2 =4
x 24 x + 44 =0
x ( x4 ) =0
x=0,x=4

29. 100 ( 1x ) ( 1+ x ) =0
100 ( 1x 2 ) =0
100 = 100 x2
x =1

30. 100 ( 1x ) ( 1+ x ) = 100

100 ( 1x 2 ) = 100
100 - 100 x2 = 100
0 = 100 x2
x =0

x 2x 6
31. + =3
5 5 5
3 x6
=3
5
3 x6 = 15
3x = 21
x =7
 7 x
32. =x
2x 9
632 x2
= x
18 x
63 = 20 x2
x =

63
20

x3 2 x 3
33. + =
5 x 5 10
x 23 x +10x 2 3
=
5x 10
3 x+ 10 3
=
5x 10
30 x +100 = 15 x
100 = 45x
2
x =2
9

Refer to exchange rates given in Table 1.1 to answer questions 34 to 40. Give answers correct to two
decimal places.
34. An iPad is priced at 400 Canadian dollars. Calculate the price of the iPad in (a) Euros, (b) Rupees
and (c) Ringgits.
1
(a) 400 =303,86
1,3164
65,152
(b) 400 =19.797,02
1,3164
4,0147
(c) 400 =1.219,90
1,3164

35. How many Euros are equivalent to (a) 800 US dollars, (b) 800 zlotys ?
800
(a) = 615,24
1,3003
800
(b) = 186,12
4,2984

36. A flight is priced at 240 South African rand. What is the equivalent price in Brazilian reals ?
2,2923
240 = 52,98
10,3843

37. Calculate a table of exchange rates for Hong Kong dollars for the first five currencies in the third
column of Table 1.1

38. A new textbook is priced at 58 sterling. Calculate the equivalent price in Hungarian forints.
302,8
58 =21.042,89
0,8346

39. Convert 500 US dollars to (a) Swiss fancs, (b) Australian dollars, (c) Singaporean dollars
1,2065
(a) 500 =463,93
1,3003
1,2429
(b) 500 =477,93
1,3003
1,6527
(c) 500 =635,51
1,3003

40. You have 400 polish zlotys. How much would you have left (in Euros) if you bought a book for 53
sterling and a T-shirt for 420 Hong Kong dollars ?
 1
400 =93,06
4,2984
1
35 =41,94
0,8346
1
420 =41,62
10.0912
93,0641,9441,62=9,5
 Progress Exercise 1.3
Percentage and Inequalities

1. Graph the intervals given by the following inequalities on the number line :
(a) x> 2
(b) x< 25
(c) x>4
(d) x 1,5
(e) 4 x
(f) 60< x

2. Solve the following inequalities, stating the solution in words. Graph the inequality on the number
line.
(a) x25>7
(b) 5<2 x+15
25
(c) <10
x
x x 17
(d) +
2 3 6
(e) 3 x29 7 x +11

3. Calculate: (a) 12% of 5432,7 ; (b) 85% of 23,65 ; (c) 11,5% of 6,5
12
(a) 5432,7 = 651,92
100
85
(b) 23,65=20,10
100
11,5
(c) 6,5=0,75
100

4. A fast food chain proposes to increase the basic hourly rate of pay by 14%. If the present rate is
5,65 hour, calculate: (a) the increase in the hourly rate: (b) the new hourly rate
14
(a) 5,65=0,79
100
(b) 5,65 + 0,79 = 6,44

5. The 2016 price of a basic computer will be 35% lower than the 2013 price. If the 2016 price is
910,
calculate the price in 2013.
35
(a) 910=318,5
100
(b) 910 318,5 = 591,5

6. A company which produces printers proposes to increase its output by 6% each week. Calculate the
companys projected output for the next three weeks (to the nearest whole printer) if the present
output is 720 per week.
106
720=763
100
106
763=809
100
106
809=858
100

7. A company plans to phase out a particular model of car by reducing the output by 20% each week. If
the present output is 400 cars per week, calculate the number of cars to be produced per week over
the next six weeks.
8. The price of a new washing mavhine is 485 . The price includes a value added tax (VAT) of
21% of
the selling price. Calculate the price without VAT.

9. A retailer sell a TV 658. If the cost price was 480, calculate his profit as a percentage of the cost
price.
658 480 = 178
178
100 =27,05
658

10. A retailer sells a video recorder for 880. The price includes VAT at 21% and a profit of 34%.
Calculate the cost price of the recorder.
55
880=484
100
880 484 = 396

11. A retailer buys TVs for 425. He must then pay VAT at 21%. What price should he charge if he is
to make a profit of 25% of the cost price.
121
425 =514,25
100
125
514,25 =642,81
100

12. 154 students attend a maths lecture. If 22 students are absent, calculate the percentage of students
absent.
22
100 =14,29
154

13. A house was valued at 365000 in 2003 and 332150 in 2013.

(a) Calculate the change in the value between 2003 and 2013 as a percentage of the 2013 valuation.
(b) Calculate the amount of stamp duty that would be due if the house had been sold in 2003 when
stamp duty was charged at 6.0% on houses valued at 381000 or less.
(c) If house prices are predicted to rise by 2% each year between 2013 and 2016, calculate the
projected value of the house in 2014, 2015 and 2016.

14. The number of first year science students registered in a college in 2006 is 348 females and 676
males.
(a) What proportion of students are (i) male and (ii) female ?
(i) 348 + 676 = 1024
676 : 1024 = 0,66
(ii) 348 : 1024 = 0,34
(b) Calculate the percentage of (i) male students and (ii) female students.
(i) 0,66 100 =66
(ii) 0,34 100 =34
(c) If the gender balance had been 40% male and 60% female, calculate the numbers of male and
female students.
40
1024=410
100
60
1024=614
100

15. (a) A large consignment of components from supplier A are known to contain 4% defectives. If a
batch of 8500 components is received, calculate:
(i) The proportion of defectives.
(ii) The number of defectives.
(b) Components from supplier B contain 2,5% defectives. If a batch of 12400 components are
received, calculate:
(i) The proportion of defectives
(ii) The number of defectives
(c) The batches of components from both suppliers are combined and sent to the production
department in an assembly plant.
(i) Calculate the number of defective components in the combined batch.
(ii) Calculate the percentage of defective components in the combined batch.
 Progress Exercises 1.4
Electronic Aids: the Calculator and Spreadsheet
Evaluate the following expressions using a calculator.

23 90
1. (a) ( 23,6 ) - 56 + = 23,6 0,2156+0,83 = -50,21
108 108
(b)
128
20,4
= 2,50

(c)
24,88
92,5
+256 = 0,27+256 = 16,01

23 ( 1,90 )(39 )( 1,8 ) 43,7+70,2 113,9

2. (a) = = = 3,06
12 ( 1,55 ) +18,6 18,6 +18,6 37,2
23 14,57
(b) = 14,74 5,71 = 9,03
1,56 2,55
(c)
12+
89
0,045
= 1989,77 = 44,61

3. (a) Calculate the value of v =0,8(m2n 2) when (i) m=3,6 and n=2,1 , (ii) m=2,3 and
n=4,8 .
(i) v =0,8 ( 12,964,41 )=6,84
(ii) v =0,8 ( 5,29+ 23,04 ) =22,66
(b) The price (in pence)of a carton of orange juice in a school canteen is given by the formula
P = 1639 25x + 15y where x and y are the number of cartons of orange and milk sold. Find
the price of a carton of orange juice when: (i) x = 125 and y = 100; (ii) x = 173 and y = 182.
(i) P = 1639 3125 + 1500 = 14
(ii) P = 1639 4325 + 2730 = 44
y 2 y 1
(c) The slope of a line is given by the equation m= . Calculate the value of m when: (i)
x 2x 1
x 1=4, x 2=2, y1 =3 and y 2=1,8 ; (ii) x 1=0,4 , x2 =2,0 , y 1=16,2 and y 2=11,4.
1,83 1,2
(i) m= = =0,6
24 2
11,4 +16,2 4,8
(ii) m= = =2
2+0,4 2,4
(d) The formula for the standard error of estimate in regression analysis may be expressed as
2 b2 2
y x 2 2
s e = n . Evaluate s e when n=18 , =3,215 , b=0,87 and =2,85.
() y x
n2

se=
18
16
( 3,2150,7569.2,85 ) =
9
8
( 3,2152,16 ) =
9
8
( 1,055 ) = 1,09
(e) In statistics, the formula for the slope, b, of a least-squares line is given by the formula
n xy x y
b= 2
n x 2( x )
Evaluate b correct to two decimal places when n=9, x =21, y=3, xy =256,
x 2=154,96 .
(9 .256)(21 .3) 2304 +63 2241
b= = = = -2,35
( 9 . 154,96 ) ( 441) 1394,64441 953,64

4. (a) The price (in pence) of a carton of orange juice in a school canteen is given by the formula
P=163925 x +15 y where x and y are the number of cartons of orange juice and milk sold.
(i) Make y the subject of the formula. Hence evaluate y when x=125 and P=50p
(ii) Make x the subject of the formula. Hence evaluate x when y=180 and P= 1,5
 P1639+25 x 501639+3125
(i) y= = =102,4
15 15
1639+ 15 y P
(ii) x=
25

(b) Consider the formula v =0,8 ( m2n2 ) : (i) make m the subject of the formula. (ii) make n the
subject of the formula.

2
(i) v =0,8 m20,8 n2 m= v +0,8 n
0,8

2
(ii) v =0,8 m20,8 n2 n= 0,8 m + v
0,8
(c) The formula for an average cost (AC) function for 18 inch flat screen TVs is given as
2,55
AC = 1500 + , where Q is the quantity of TVs produce. (i) Make Q the subject of the
Q
formula; (ii) Evaluate Q when AC = 1680.
2,55 2,55
(i) AC 1500 = Q=
Q AC 1500
2,55
(ii) Q = = 0,01
16801500

(d) The formula for the intercept a of a regression line is given as a=

yb x . (i) Make b
n
the
subject of the formula. (ii) Evaluate b when n=9, x=21, y=3, a=2,5
(i) a n= y b x b x= y a n b=
y a n
x
3(2,5 .9) 3+ 22,5
(ii) b= = = 1,21
21 21

(e) The formula for the standard error of estimate in regression analysis may be expressed as
2 2 2
b
y x
s e = n . Make n the subject of the formula. Hence evaluate n when se = 1,4 ,
()
n2

=3,215 , b = 0,9 and 2 =2,85 .
2
y x
2 2 2
b
y x
s e = n
()
n2

n
s e 2= ( 2 b2 2 )
n2 y x
s e 2 (n2)= n ( 2 b 2 2 )
y x
n se 2(2 s e 2)= ( )
n 2 (n b2 2 )
y x

2
2
( )(2
( n s e ) n + n b =2 s e
y ) 2 2
x
2

s 2 2 2
e - + b = 2 s e2
n y x
2
2 se
n= 3,92 3,92
2 2 2 2 = = = 2,99
se + b 1,963,215+2,565 1,31
y x
5. The hours worked, expenses due and hourly rate of pay for a group of staff are given as:
Initials J.C J.M S.T R.G P.M K.McK
Hours 16 34 64 12,5 15,5 14,5 Use spreadsheet to
Rate 12,6 38,8 102,5 15,5 32,5 45 calculate :
Expenses 120 55 0 25 12 155 (a) The total pay
(b) The net pay when a
flat 20% tax is deducted from each employee
(c) The net pay, plus expences
(d) Plot a bar chart and pie chart of
(i) Hours worked
(ii) Net pay plus expenses
(iii) Expenses
Initials J.C J.M S.T R.G P.M K.Mc
K
Hours 16 34 64 12,5 15,5 14,5
Rate 12,6 38,8 102,5 15,5 32,5 45
Expense 120 55 0 25 12 155
s
(a) 201,6 1319,2 6560 193,75 503,75 652,5
(b) 161,28 1055,3 5248 155 403 522
6
(c) 1000,3
41,28 6 5248 130 391 367

Hours worked
K.McK

P.M

R.G Hours

S.T

J.M

J.C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(d) (i) # Bar Chart :

# Pie Chart :
 Hours worked

J.C
J.M
S.T
R.G
P.M
K.McK

(ii) # Bar Chart

Net pay plus expenses

K.McK

P.M

R.G Net pay plus expenses

S.T

J.M

J.C

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

 # Pie Chart

Net pay plus expenses

J.C
J.M
S.T
R.G
P.M
K.McK

(iii) # Bar Chart

 Expenses
K.McK

P.M

R.G Expenses

S.T

J.M

J.C

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Expenses

J.C
J.M
S.T
R.G
P.M
K.McK

# Pie Chart
 Test Exercises 1
1. Simplify
(a) 2 x ( 4 )3 ( x +1 )=8 x3 x3=5 x3
3
x=
5
(b) ( x1 ) ( x +2 ) =x2 + x2
x = 1 , x = -2
1 18 x 2
(c) 4 x =
2x 2x

2. Solve the equations

(a) x ( x +1 ) =0
2
x +x =0
1
(b) +2 =5
x
1+2 x
=5
x
1 + 2x = 5x
1
x =
3
x1
(c) 2 =0
x +5 x+11
x =1

3. Determine the range values for which the following inequalities are true :
(a) x+ 2> 10
(b) x< 2 x12
x1
(c) 2
=0
x +5 x+11

4. A motorised bike is priced at 3750

(a) If the price includes the retailers profit of 20% , calculate the cost price of the bike.
3750 80% = 3000
(b) If the customers must pay 21% tax on the retail price, calculate the total paid by the customer.
3750 121% = 4537,5

5. Solve the equations

(a) ( x+ 2 )( x1 ) =0
x = -2 , x = 1
(b) ( x+ 2 )( x1 ) = x2
x 2+ x2x 2 =0
x =2

6. Determine whether the expression on the LHS simplifies to the expression on the RHS
x 5x 7x
(a) + =
2 4 4
2 x +5 x 7x
=
4 4
2x + 5x = 7x
7x = 7x

7. Theatre tickets are classified A(35) , B(27) , C(17,50) , D(12,50) . The numbers of each type
sold are 180, 260, 450, 240 , respectivily.
(a) Set up table to calculate the revenue from each type of ticket.
(b) Plot a bar chart of: (i) the numbers of each class of ticket sold; and (ii) the revenue received from
each class of ticket.
8. A companys imports of tea are given by country of origin and weight: 400 tons from India, 580 tons
from China, 250 tons from Sri Lanka, 120 tons from Burma.
(a) Plot the weight of tea imported on: (i) bar chart; and (ii) a pie chart
(b) Calculate the percentage of the companys imports from each country

9. Solve the equations

(a) 20 x3 x2 = 10(2 x3)
2
20 x3 x = 20 x30

x = 10
2 x
(b) = +1
x 2x
2 x +2 x
=
x 2x
2 3x
=
x 2x
4x = 3x2

10. Solve the equations

(a) 2 x (x2) = 2 x (x +2)
2 x 4 x = 2 x 2 +4 x
2

-4x = 4x
x x
(b) 3 4 =2
5 20
15+ x 80+ x
=2
5 20
60+ 4 x80x
=2
20
20+3 x
=2
20
-20 + 3x = 40
x = 20

11. The exchange rates for US dollars are 1,32 British pounds and 1,23 Euros
(a) A notepad costs US$850. Calculate the price in: (i) British pound; (ii) Euros.
(i) 850 1,32 = 1122
(ii) 850 1,23 = 1045,5
(b) Convert 400 Euros to: (i) US dollars; and (ii) British pounds.
1
(i) 400 = 325,20
1,23
1,32
(ii) 400 = 429,27
1,23