10.

18 The hypotheses are

H0 : = 40 months, H1
: < 40 months.
3840
Now, z =
= 2.76, and P -value= P (Z < 2.76) = 0.0029.
5.8/ 64

10.19 The hypotheses are

H0 : = 5.5,
H1 : < 5.5.

Now, z = 5.235.5 = 9.0, and P -value= P (Z < 9.0) 0. The White Cheddar Popcorn, on
0.24/ 6

average, weighs less
4 than 5.5oz.

10.20 The hypotheses are

 H0 : = 800,
H1 : =
800.
Now, z = 788800
= 1.64, and P -value= 2P (Z < 1.64) = (2)(0.0505) = 0.1010. Hence,
40/ 30
the mean is not signicantly dierent from 800 for < 0.101.

10.21 The hypotheses are

H0 : = 8,
H1 : > 8.

Now, z = 8.58 = 3.33, and P -value= P (Z > 3.33) = 0.0004. Decision: Reject H0 and

2.25/ 225
conclude that men who use TM, on average, mediate more than 8 hours per week.

10.22 The hypotheses are

H0 : = 10,
H1 : =
10.
= 0.01 and df = 9.
Critical region: t < 3.25 or t > 3.25.
Computation: t = 10.0610 10
= 0.77.
0.246/
H0.
Decision: Fail to reject

10.23 The hypotheses are

10.24 H0 : = 162.5
centimeters, H1 : = H0 : = 20, 000 kilometers,
162.5 The hypotheses H1 : > 20, 000 kilometers.
are
= 8.97, and P -value= P (Z > 8.97) 0. Decision: reject H0 and

Now, z = 3900/
23,50020,000
100
conclude that = 20, 000 kilometers.
10.25 The hypotheses are

H0 : = 220 milligrams,
H1 : > 220 milligrams.

= 0.05 and df = 19.

Critical region: t > 1.729.
Computation: t = 244 220
= 4.38.
24.5/ 20
Decision: Reject H0 and claim > 220 milligrams.
10.26 The hypotheses are

H 0 : 1 = 2 ,
H1 : 1 > 2.

(29)(10.5)2+(29)(10.
2)2
Since sp = = 10.35, then
58
[ ]
34.0
P T> = P (Z > 12.72) 0.
10.35 1/30 + 1/30
Hence, the conclusion is that running increases the mean RMR in older women.

10.27 The hypotheses are

H0 : C = A,
H1 : C > A,

(24)(1.5)2+(24)(1.2 20.012.0
5)2
with sp = = 1.3807. We obtain t = = 20.48. Since P (T >
48 1.3807 2/25
20.48) 0, we conclude that the mean percent absorbency for the cotton ber is signicantly
higher than the mean percent absorbency for acetate.
10.28 The hypotheses are
 H0 : = 35 minutes,
H1 : < 35 minutes.

= 0.05 and df = 19.

Critical region: t < 1.729.
Computation: t = 33.1 35
4.3/ 2 = 1.98.

Decision: Reject H0 and0conclude that it takes less than 35 minutes, on the average, to take
the test.
10.29 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 = 2,
H 1 : 1 =
2 .
Since the variances are known, we obtain z = 8176 = 4.22. So, P -value 0 and we
5.22/25+3.42/
conclude that 1 > 2.
36

10.30 The hypotheses are

H0 : A B = 12 kilograms,
H1 : A B > 12 kilograms.

= 0.05.
Critical region: z > 1.645.
(86.777.8)1
Computation: z = 2 = 2.60. So, fail to reject H0 and conclude that the
(6.28)2/50+(5.61)2
/50
average tensile strength of thread A does not exceed the average tensile strength of thread B
by 12 kilograms.
10.32 The hypotheses are
H0 : 1 2 = $2, 000,
H1 : 1 2 > $2, 000.

= 0.01.
Critical region: z > 2.33.
(7075065200)2000 = 6.43, with a P -value= P (Z > 6.43) 0. Reject
Computation: z = (6000) 2/200+(5000) 2
/200
H0 and conclude that the mean salary for associate professors in research institutions is $2000
higher than for those in other institutions.

10.33 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 2 = 0.5 micromoles per 30 minutes,
H1 : 1 2 > 0.5 micromoles per 30 minutes.

= 0.01.
Critical region: t > 2.485 with
2
25 degrees
2
of freedom. (8.87.5)0.5
(14)(1.5)
Computation: sp = 2
+(11)(1.2) = 1.8936, and t = 1.89361/15+1/12
= 1.50. Do not
25
reject H0.
10.34 The hypotheses are
H0 : 1 2 = 8,
H1 : 1 2 < 8.
2 2
Computation: s2 = (10)(4.7)
+(16)(6.1) (8579)8

= 31.395, and t = = 0.92.
p 26 31.395 1/11+1/17
Using
28 degrees of freedom and Table A.4, we obtain that 0.15 < P -value < 0.20.
Decision: Do not reject H0.
10.35 Let group 1 is the no treatment and group the treatment. The hypotheses are
H 0 : 1 2 =
0, H1 : 1 2 <
0.
= 0.05
Critical region: t < 1.895
with 7 degrees of freedom.
(3)(1.363)+(4)(3.883)
2.0752.860
Computation: sp = = 1.674, and t = = 0.70.
7 1.674 1/4+1/5
Decision: Do not reject H0.

10.36 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 = 2,
H 1 : 1 =
2 .

2 2
Computation: sp = 5100 +5900 37,90039,800
= 5515, and t = = 0.84.
2 5515 1/12+1/12
Using 22 degrees of freedom and since 0.20 < P (T < 0.84) < 0.3, we obtain 0.4 < P -value <
0.6. Decision: Do not reject H0.
10.37 The hypotheses are
H0 : 1 2 = 4 kilometers,
H1 : 1 2 = 4
kilometers.
= 0.10 and the critical regions are t < 1.725 or t > 1.725 with 20 degrees of freedom.
(1611)4
Computation: t = = 2.55.
1/12+1/10
(0.915)
Decision: Reject H0.
10.38 The hypotheses are
H 0 : 1 2 =
8, H1 : 1 2 <
8.
region is t < 1.714 with 23 degrees of freedom.
= 0.05 and the critical
(9)(3.2)2+(14)(2. 5.58
8)2
Computation: sp = = 2.963, and t = = 2.07.
23 2.963 1/10+1/15
Decision: Reject H0 and conclude that 1 2 < 8 months.
10.39 The hypotheses are
H0 : II I = 10,
H1 : II I > 10.

= 0.1.
Degrees of freedom is calculated as
(78.8/5 + 913.333/7)2
v= = 7.38,
(78.8/5)2/4 + (913/333/7)2/6
hence we use 7 degrees of freedom with the critical region t > 1.415.
 (11097.4)10
Computation: t =
78.800/5+913.3
33/7
Decision: Fail to reject H0.
= 0.22.
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 121

10.40 The hypotheses are

H0 : S = N ,
H1 : S =
N .
Degrees of freedom is calculated as
(0.3914782/8 + 0.2144142/24)2
v= = 8.44,
(0.3914782/8)2/7 + (0.2144142/24)2/23

which is rounded down to 8.

Computation: t = 0.9762520.91583 = 0.42. Since 0.3 < P (T < 0.42) < 0.4, we
0.391478 /8+0.21441
42/24
obtain 0.6 < P -value < 0.8.
Decision: Fail to reject H0.

10.41 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 = 2,
H 1 : 1 =
2 .
= 0.05.
Degrees of freedom is calculated as
(7874.3292/16 + 2479.5032/12)2
v= = 19 degrees of freedom.
(7874.3292/16)2/15 +
(2479.5032/12)2/11

Critical regions t < 2.093 or t > 2.093.

9897.5004120.8
Computation: t = 33
= 2.76.
7874.3292/16+2479.50
32/12
Decision: Reject H0 and conclude that 1 > 2.

10.42 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 = 2,
H 1 : 1 =
2 .
= 0.05.
Critical regions t < 2.776 or t > 2.776, with 4 degrees of freedom.
0.1
Computation: d= 0.1, sd = 0.1414, so t = 0.1414/ = 1.58.
5
Decision: Do not reject H0 and conclude that the two methods are not signicantly dierent.

10.43 The hypotheses are

H 0 : 1 = 2 ,
H1 : 1 < 2.

Computation: d = 54.13, sd = 83.002, t = 54.13 = 2.53, and 0.01 < P -value < 0.015
83.002/ 1
5
 with 14 degrees of freedom.
Decision:
Solutions RejectinHChapter
for Exercises 0. 10 121
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 121

10.44 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 = 2,
H 1 : 1 =
2 .
= 0.05.
Critical regions are t < 2.365 or t > 2.365 with 7 degrees of freedom.
Computation: d = 198.625, sd = 210.165, t = 198.625 = 2.67.
210.165/ 8
Decision: Reject H0; length of storage inuences sorbic acid residual concentrations.

10.45 The hypotheses are

H 0 : 1 = 2 ,
H1 : 1 > 2.

Computation: d = 0.1417, sd = 0.198, t = 0.1417

= 2.48 and 0.015 < P -value < 0.02 with
0.198/ 12
11 degrees of freedom.
Decision: Reject H0 when a signicance level is above 0.02.

10.46 The hypotheses are

H0 : 1 2 = 4.5 kilograms,
H1 : 1 2 < 4.5 kilograms.
3.5574.5
Computation: d = 3.557, sd = 2.776, t = = 0.896, and 0.2 < P -value < 0.3 with 6
2.778/7
degrees of freedom.
Decision: Do not reject H0.
2 2

(1.645+1.282)
0.32 = 5.48. The sample size needed is 6.
10.47 n =
(0.24)
10.48 = 0.1, = 5.8, = 35.9 40 = 4.1. Assume = 0.05 then z0.05 = 1.645, z0.10 = 1.28.
Therefore,
(1.645 + = 17.12 18 due to round up.
1.28)2(5.8)2
n=
(4.1)2

10.49 1 = 0.95 so = 0.05, = 3.1 and z/2 = z0.01 = 2.33. Therefore,

(1.645 + 2.33)2(6.9)2
n= = 78.28 79 due to round up.
3.12

10.50 = 0.05, = 8, = 0.05, z0.05 = 1.645, 1 = 6.28 and 2 = 5.61. Therefore,

(1.645 + 1.645)2(6.282 + 5.612)

n= = 11.99 12 due to round up.
82
2 2
1.645+0.842) = 4.29. The sample size would be 5.
10.51 n = [(1.2)(2.25)]2
(2.25)
0.5
10.52 = 1.25, = 0.05, = 0.1, = 0.5, so = = 0.4.
1.2 Using Table A.8 we nd n = 68.
5
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 122

10.53 (a) The hypotheses are

H0 : Mhot Mcold = 0,
H1 : Mhot Mcold =
0.

(b) Use paired T -test and nd out t = 0.99 with 0.3 < P -value < 0.4. Hence, fail to reject
H0.

10.54 Using paired T -test, we nd out t = 2.4 with 8 degrees of freedom. So, 0.02 < P -value < 0.025.
Reject H0; breathing frequency signicantly higher in the presence of CO.

10.55 The hypotheses are

H0 : p = 0.40,
H1 : p > 0.40.

Denote by X for those who choose lasagna.

P -value = P (X 9 | p = 0.40) = 0.4044.

The claim that p = 0.40 is not refuted.

10.56 The hypotheses are

H0 : p = 0.40,
H1 : p > 0.40.

= 0.05.
Test statistic: binomial variable X with p = 0.4 and n = 15.
Computation: x = 8 and np0 = (15)(0.4) = 6. Therefore, from Table A.1,
P -value = P (X 8 | p = 0.4) = 1 P (X 7 | p = 0.4) = 0.2131,

which is larger than 0.05.

Decision: Do not reject H0.

10.57 The hypotheses are

H0 : p = 0.8,
H1 : p > 0.8.

= 0.04.
Critical region: z > 1.75.
250(300)(0.8) = 1.44.
Computation: z = (300)(0.8)(0.2)
Decision: Fail to reject H0; it cannot conclude that the new missile system is more accurate.

10.58 The hypotheses are

H0 : p = 0.6,
H1 : p < 0.6.
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 123

So ( )
P -value P 110 (200)(0.6)
Z< = P (Z < 1.44) = 0.0749.
(200)(0.6)(0.4)
Decision: Fail to reject H0.

10.59 The hypotheses are

H0 : p = 0.2,
H1 : p < 0.2.
Then
( )
P -value P 136 (1000)(0.2) = P (Z < 5.06) 0.
Z<
(1000)(0.2)(0.8)
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 124
Decision: Reject H0; less than 1/5 of the homes in the city are heated by oil.
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 125
Solutions for Exercises in Chapter 10 126