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Faculty of Engineering
Petrochemical Department
MASS TRANSFER
LECTURE (2)
1. FLUXES:
The mass (or molar) flux of a given species is a vector quantity
denoting the amount of the particular species, in either mass or
molar units, that passes per given increment of time through a unit
area normal to the vector.
Where JA,Z is the molar flux in the z direction relative to the molar-
average velocity, dcA/dz is the concentration gradient in the z
direction, and DAB, is the mass diffusivity or diffusion coefficient for
component A diffusing through component B. A more general flux
relation that is not restricted to isothermal, isobaric systems:
Where:
2. DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT:
Fick's law of proportionality, DAB, is known as the diffusion coefficient,
which may be
obtained from equation:
The mass diffusivity has been reported in cm2/s: the SI units are m2/s,
which is a factor 10-4smaller.
This information is available for only a very few pure gases. Appendix
Table K.2 tabulates these values.
3/2
DAB,T2 = DAB,T1* * *
In Appendix Table J.l, experimental values of the product DABP are listed
for several gas pairs at a particular temperature. Using this equation,
we may extend these values to other temperatures.
EXAMPLE (1):
Evaluate the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in air at 20 C and
atmospheric pressure. Compare this value with the experimental value
reported in appendix table J.I.
SOLUTION:
From Appendix Table K.2, the values of and A/k are obtained:
Substance in A A/k
CO2 3.996 190
Air 3.617 97
T = 20+273=293K, P= 1 atm
D = 1.047
From Appendix Table J.l for CO2 in air at 273 K, 1 atm, we have DAB =
0.136 cm2/s
To correct for the differences in temperature, the following equation is
applied:
3/2
DAB,T2 = DAB,T1* * *
3/2
DAB,T2 = 0.136*(
At T= 273 K:
D = 1.074