Sead HADIABLAHOVI et al.

SOLANUM ELEAGNIFOLIUM CAV. - A NEW NEOTOPHYT IN THE

FLORA OF MONTENEGRO
Sead HADIABLAHOVI1, Vesna KARAMAN2 & Zlatko BULI1
1
Republic Institute for the Protection of Nature, Trg N. Kovaevia 7, P.O. box 2, Podgorica, Montenegro
2
Faculty of Natural Sciences - Department of Biology, Podgorica, Montenegro, e-mail: zastitaprirode@cg.yu

ABSTRACT

Hadiablahovi S., Karaman V. & Buli, Z. (2004). Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. - a new neotophyt in the flora of
Montenegro. Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International
Participation, 25-29. 10. 2003, Ohrid. Special issues of Macedonian Ecological Society, Vol. 6, Skopje.
For the first time Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. is recorded for the territory of Montenegro. Presence of the species
in Montenegro is given for the four localities that are shown on the grid UTM.
S. eleagnifolium belongs to the group of anthropochors that have been spreading throughout Europe during and
after the end of the Second World War, and are designated as ''neotophyts''.
Key words: Solanum eleagnifolium, flora, Montenegro

Introduction Dates about geographical distribution for Europe

During continual floristic investigation in the territory
of Montenegro we find a species unknown for
Montenegrin flora. Later examination identified
advenitious type, which belongs to the genus Solanum
(S. eleagnifolium).
Until a short time S. eleagnifolium in Europe was
known only for Greece (Hawkes & Edmonds 1972)
and Italy (Pignatti 1982).
Matevski (2000) cites that this neotophyt has a
tendency of a gradually spreads in Mediterranean area
(Egypt, Italy-Sicily, Greece, Israel, Croatia, FR
Yugoslavia, Republic of Macedonia) giving a
literature dates about spreading of this species in those
countries. Browicz (1993) gives date and map of the
distribution of the species in Greece. New date point at
presence of S. eleagnifolium in Tunisia (Jahn 1998).
For the first time for the territory of former Yugoslavia,
precisely Croatia, this species cites Gai-Baskova &
egulja (1978).
Material and Method
This work is result of our floristic investigation in
territory of Montenegro and literature sources.
Collected herbarium material of this species is
deposed in Republic Institution for the Protection of
Nature in Podgorica.
Known distribution of the species is shown on the grid
UTM of Montenegro.
were given according to Hawkes & Edmonds
(1972), Pignatti (1982), Gai-Baskova & egulja
(1978), Pavleti et al. (1978), Browicz (1993),
Matevski (2000).
Results and Discussion
S. eleagnifolium is a small shrub or semi-shrub, 40-
60 cm tall, densely whitish pubescent with scattered,
small redish pricles, especially on older shoots. Its
leaves are 4-7 cm long, lanceolate, entire and the
inflorescence consists of 4-7 rotate pale violet
flowers approximately 3 cm in diametar. The fruits
(berries) are yellow, rounded and glabrous, 10-12
mm in diametar.
According to Hawkes & Edmonds (1972) origin of
S. eleagnifolium is in the temperate parts of South
America. In Europe the species was known for
Greece (Hawkes & Edmonds 1972; Zahariadi 1973,
Yannitsaros & Economidou 1974, Akeroyd &
Preston 1981 - from Browicz (1993), Matevski
2000) and Italy (Martino 1956, 1967 - from
Matevski 2000; Pignatti 1982).
Conveniently to Chronological classification of the
Antropochors by Trinajsti (1975, 1977) S.
eleagnifolium belongs to the group designated as
''neotophyts'' that is the plants that in regional flora
are unintentionally (-aboyleto) carried from the
beginning of Second World War till today.
Regarding to origin that is americano-neotophyt,
precisely, according above mentioned classification,

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 Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. - a new neotophyt in the flora of Montenegro
typical aboyleto-americano-neotophyt (Pavleti et al.
1978).
For the first time for the territory of former
Yugoslavia, precisely Croatia, this species cites
Gai Baskova & egulja (1978, island Plavnik) cultivated plants. The presumption is to be correct
and then new finding of this species gives Pavleti
et al. (1978, island Vis) and Panda & Stani
(1999, ibenik - from Matevski 2000).
For the territory of FR Yugoslavia (Vojvodina - oka)
for the first time presence of this species was given by
ajinovi & Koljadzinski (1981 - from Matevski
2000) and Montenegro Bar (verbally announcement
Boa, P. to Matevski, V. - Matevski 2000).
Presence of this species for the territory of Republic of
Macedonia gives Matevski (2000).
In the territory of Montenegro S. eleagnifolium at first
we find in September 1999 in areas of Lake Skadar in
village Podhum (cca 15 km South of Podgorica). In
this locality - in the zone of the vegetation of
submediterranean rocks (Chrysopogoni-Satureion
community) - the species covered cca 500 m2 and it
was evident that on the locality another culture
previously was cultivated. The second finding of this
species in Montenegro is in village Milje - next to the
road Tuzi - Dinoa. The third locality we find in
Podgorica town. On these two localities the species
raised in open ruderal sites next to a road.
10km
Fig. 1. Known distribution of Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. in Montenegro
Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia
Because in two cases (village Podhum and village
Milje) the species was found in areas with intensive
agricultural production we disclose presumption that
this species is unintentionally carried with seeds of
because in this area it is frequent occurrence that
farmers importing seeds of different cultures (in the
first place tomato, red pepper, melon etc.) from
USA.
Findings of S. eleagnifolium in the territory of
Montenegro:
- UTM CM 68/2 Montenegro: Lake Skadar,
Podhum, Chrysopogoni-Satureion community,
leg. Hadiablahovi, 11. 09. 1999.
- UTM CN 50/4 Montenegro: Podgorica town,
ruderalis, leg. Karaman, 29. 05. 1999.
- UTM CM 69/1 Montenegro: Podgorica, Milje,
ruderalis, leg. Hadiablahovi & Buli, 17. 08.
2000.
- UTM CM 45/1 Montenegro: Bar (verbally
announcement Boa, P. to Matevski, V. -
Matevski 2000).
Acknowledgement
It is my great pleasure to express my thanks to Prof.
Dr Vlado Matevski from Institute of Biology,
Faculty
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Sead HADIABLAHOVI et al.

of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje,
Republic of Macedonia, for sending me his work
which result this work to be more complete.
References
Browicz, K. 1993: Nicotiana glauca and Solanum
eleagnifolium (Solanaceae) - two new
xenophytes from South America and the history
of their spreading in the easter Mediterranean.
Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Suppl. 2 (1): 299-305.
Gai-Baskova, V. & egulja, N. 1978: Nove vrste
roda Solanum (Solanaceae) u flori Jugoslavije.
Biosistematika 4 (1): 67-74. Beograd .
Hawkes, J. G. & J. M. Edmonds 1972: Solanum L. -
In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N.
A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S.
M., Webb, D. A. (ed.), Flora Europaea 3: 197-
199, University Press, Cambridge.
Jahn, R., 1998: Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. new in
Tunis. - in: Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (ed.): Med-
Checklist Notulae, 17. - Wildenowia 28: 163-
174, 1998.
Matevski, V. 2000: Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. i
Solanum cornutum Lam. novi vidovi za
adventivnata flora na Republika Makedonija.
Ekol. Zat. ivot. Sred., Vol. 7, No 1-2: 55-59.
Skopje.
Pavleti, Z., Devetak, Z. & Trinajsti, I. 1978: Novo
znaajno nalazite neotofita u flori hrvatskog
primorja. Fragm. Herbol. Jugosl. 6: 69-72.
Zagreb.
Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 2. Edagricole,
Bologna.
Trinajsti, I. 1975: Kronoloka klasifikacija
antropohora s osvrtom na helenopaleofite
jadranskog primorja Jugoslavije. Biosistematika
1, 79-85. Beograd.
Trinajsti, I. 1977: Chronological classification of
the Anthropochors. Fragm. Herbol. Jugosl. II,
66-75: 27-31. Zagreb.

Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. - NOVA NEOTOFITA U FLORI CRNE GORE

Sead HADIABLAHOVI1, Vesna KARAMAN2 & Zlatko BULI1

1
Republiki zavod za zatitu prirode, Trg Nikole Kovaevia 7, P.O. box 2, Podgorica, Crna Gora
2
Prirodno-Matematiki Fakultet - odsjek Biologija, Podgorica, Crna Gora, e-mail: zastitaprirode@cg.yu

Rezime

Tokom kontinuiranih floristikih istraivanja na teritoriji Crne Gore nali smo vrstu koja nije bila poznata za floru
Crne Gore. Kasnijim pregledom materijala utvrdili smo da se radi o adventivnoj vrsti Solanum eleagnifolium.
S. eleagnifolium pripada grupi antropohora koje se po Evropi ire tokom i po zavretku drugog svjetskog rata.
Prema Hawkes & Edmonds (1972) S. eleagnifolium vodi porijeklo iz umjerenih dijelova June Amerike. U Evropi
ova vrsta je bila poznata za Grku (Hawkes & Edmonds 1972; Zahariadi 1973, Yannitsaros & Economidou 1974,
Akeroyd & Preston 1981 - iz Browicz (1993), Matevski 2000) i Italiju (Martino 1956, 1967 - iz Matevski 2000;
Pignatti 1982).
Shodno 'Hronolokoj klasifikaciji antropohora' (Trinajsti 1975, 1977) vrsta S. eleagnifolium pripada grupi biljaka
oznaenih imenom ''neotofiti'' koje su u regionalnu floru nenamjerno-sluajno (-aboyleto) unijete od poetka
drugog svjetskog rata do danas. S obzirom na porijeklo to je americano-neotophyt, tanije, prema gore pomenutoj
klasifikaciji, tipini aboyleto-amerikano-neotofit (Pavleti et al. 1978).
Za teritoriju bive Jugoslavije, odnosno Hrvatske, prvi put je navode Gai-Baskova & egulja (1978).
Za teritoriju SR Jugoslavije (Vojvodina - oka) prvi put prisustvo ove vrsta navode ajinovi & Koljadzinski
(1981 - iz Matevski 2000).
U ovom radu se prisustvo vrste S. eleagnifolium prvi put biljei za Crnu Goru. Data su etiri nalazita u Crnoj
Gori koja su predstavljena na UTM mapi. Iznesena je pretpostavka da je vrsta uneena sa sjemenom kultura koje
se ovdje gaje (prije svih paradajz, paprika i lubenica) uvezenih iz USA.

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