International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Strengthen Fuzzy Pronouncement for Impulse Noise Riddance Method

for Images Based on 4-Stage Neural Network

B.SATHYA1, R.LAVANYA2, M.SNEHA PRIYA3, G.SHERIFA4

1 AssistantProfessor, Department of Information Technology,

Parisutham Institute of Technology and Science, Thanjavur. Tamil Nadu, India.
2, 3, 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,

Parisutham Institute of Technology and Science, Thanjavur. Tamil Nadu, India.

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Abstract Impulse Noise reduction is very energetic
research area in photograph processing. It is one of the
essential processes inside the pre-processing of virtual
picas. There are many strategies to take away the noise
from the photo and produce the clear visual of the photo.
Also there are several filters and photo smoothing
strategies to be had. a majority of these to be had
techniques have positive limitations. These days, neural
network are found to be very efficient device for
photograph Enhancement. On this, a -stage noise
elimination method to cope with impulse noise is
proposed. Inside the first level, an additive -stage neural
community is implemented to cast off the noise cleanly
and hold the uncorrupted data well. Within the 2nd
stage, the bushy selection regulations inspired by using
human visible system are proposed to compensate the
blur of the edge and destruction due to median clear out.
A neural network is proposed to beautify the sensitive
regions with higher visible pleasant.
Index Terms Impulse noise; Image enhancement;
neural network; fuzzy decision rules.
unavoidable shot noise of a great photon detector. Faulty
sensors, optical imperfectness, electronic interference,
and statistics transmission mistakes may additionally
introduce noise to virtual images. In step with occurrence
of noise, forms of noise are given as follows:
(a) Salt and Pepper Noise
(b) Gaussian noise
(c) Speckle noise
(d) Periodic noise
There are various techniques present that are used as
noise elimination device in Image Processing. But present
device has a few drawbacks to conquer that drawback; a
brand new approach is proposed to put off noise. A brand
new -degree noise elimination technique to cope with
impulse noise is proposed here. A without problems
carried out NN is designed for fast and correct noise
detection such that diverse sizable densities of noisy
pixels can be outstanding from element part pixels nicely.
After suppressing the impulse noise, the photograph
quality enhancement is carried out to compensate the
corrupted pixels to beautify the visual first-class of the
consequent Images.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. RELATED WORK

Image Processing may be contaminated with
distinctive types of noise for distinctive motives. As an
instance, noise can occur due to the situations of
recording which includes digital noise in cameras, dirt
in the front of the lens, due to the fact of the
occasions of transmission damaged statistics or due to
garage, copying, scanning, and so forth. Impulse noise e.g.,
salt and pepper noise and additive noise e.g. Gaussian
noise are the most generally observed. Impulse noise is
characterized by the reality that the pixels in an
photograph both continue to be unchanged or get one of
the two unique values zero and 1; an important
parameter is the noise density which expresses the
fraction of the Image pixels that are contaminated.
Image noise is the random version of brightness
or shade facts in Image Processing produced by sensors
and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. Photograph
noise may be originated in film grain and inside the
One of the maximum vital ranges in Image
Processing programs is the noise removal. The importance of
photograph processing is continuously growing with the ever
growing use of virtual television and video systems in client,
commercial, clinical, and communiqu packages. image
noise removal isn't always simplest used to improve the
quality but also is used as a pre-processing stage in lots of
packages together with Image encoding, sample reputation,
Image compression and target monitoring, to call some.
Schulte [1] proposed a fuzzy two-step clear out for impulse
noise reduction from shade Image. A singular approach for
suppressing impulse noise [4] from virtual Image Processing
is furnished in this paper, wherein a fuzzy detection system
is followed with the aid of an iterative fuzzy filtering
approach [7]. The filter proposed by using writer is known as
fuzzy -step color filter out. The bushy detection technique on
this paper is generally based at the computation of fuzzy
gradient values and on fuzzy reasoning. This step located out

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

three distinctive club functions which might be exceeded to photographs without blurring the edge, the proposed
the filtering phase. The ones club capabilities are used for gadget is divided into two stages.
fuzzy set impulse noise depiction. The proposed novel fuzzy
technique is specifically evolved for suppressing impulse 1. Impulse Noise removal
noise from coloration Image s whilst stopping other 2. Image Enhancement
image records and texture. Ibrahim [3] gave a simple
adaptive median filter out for the removal of impulse noise Its miles implemented in components as Fuzzy
from highly corrupted snap shots. This creator proposed common sense and neural community. The running of
a easy, but green technique to suppress impulse noise this manner is as follows:
from noise affected Image s. This new technique composed of
1. Take an input Image
stages.
2. Apply neural network to check the noise
The primary phase is to find the impulse noise found in a photograph.
affected pixels in the Image. On this phase, relies upon on 3. Observe fuzzy logic to put off the noise gift.
most effective the intensity values, the pixels are about 4. Generate Output image.
separated into instructions, which can be "noise-loose pixel"
The objective of proposed machine is to implement these
and "noise pixel". Then, the second phase is to dispose of the
impulse noise from the noise affected photo. In this section, steps with the help of some strategies for that purpose the
most effective the "noise-pixels" are processed. The "noise- entire gadget is divided into various modules. These are
loose pixels" are saved as such to the output photo. This arranged so as a way to get the favored output. The
method adaptively modifies the size of the median filter out working of these techniques can be shown:
relies upon at the number of the "noise-free pixels" in the
community. For the filtering procedure, best "noise-free
pixels" are taken into consideration for the detection of the
median cost. Solar [2] furnished an impulse noise
photograph filter out using fuzzy sets. The successful use of
fuzzy set idea overall performance on many domains,
collectively with the growing requirement for processing
virtual picas, were the main intentions following the efforts
targeting fuzzy sets [5, 6]. Fuzzy set hypothesis, contrasting
with a few other speculation, can offer us with
understanding-based totally and sturdy manner for Image
processing. through calculating the fuzziness of the pixels
affected degree and taking equivalent filter parameters, a
unique photograph clear out for suppressing the impulse
noise is proposed right here.

3. PROPOSED WORK AND OBJECTIVES

The classical noise discount spatial filters have

principal dangers. First, they treat all of the pixels in the
equal way. This isn't always proper, due to the fact not all
the pixels may be contaminated with noise in the equal
way. Secondly, one has to try and find an adaptive manner
to replace a pixel cost, taking into account characteristics
of the community of the pixel. The use of NN and fuzzy
method gives a solution. Neural community is a collection
of primary tactics with strong interconnections. Primarily
based on the mastering set of rules of mistakes again-
propagation, NN can be perfectly adapted for Image
enhancement.

A self organizing 3 layered feed ahead NN is

employed for image enhancement. Greatest noise
Fig -1: Procedure diagram of the two-level impulse noise
elimination needs to delete the visible noise as cleanly
removal
as possible and maintain the detail records and herbal
look to attain a natural-searching image. So that you can
remove the impulse noise cleanly from input

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3.1 Impulse Noise Model
Impulse noise is while the pixels are randomly
misfired and changed by using other values in a Image.
The photograph model containing impulse noise can be
described as follows:
Xij = Nij , with possibility p
Sij , with probability 1 p (1)
where Sij denotes the noiseless photo pixel and Nij
denotes the noise substituting for the original pixel
(OP).With the noise ratio p, best p percent of the pixels in
the photo are replaced and others maintain noise
uncorrupted. In a spread of impulse noise fashions for
images, fixed- and random-valued.
Impulse noises are primarily mentioned. Constant-
valued Impulse Noise, known as the salt-and-pepper
noise, is made of corrupted pixels whose values are
changed with values equal to the most or minimum (255
or 0) of the allowable range with identical probability
(p/2).
The random-valued impulse noise is made from
corrupted pixels whose values are changed with the aid of
random values uniformly dispensed within the variety
within [0, 255]. In this paper, each constant and random-
valued impulse noises are followed as the noise version to
test the device robustness.
3.2 NN for Noise Detection
For the reason that residual noise will strongly affect
human perception, precise noise detection is the first
essential step for the noise elimination. Its far located that
noise is more traumatic in smooth and side regions [9],
[13]. Maximum algorithms paintings nicely on low noise
density Image Processing however fail to detect noise pixels
within the side vicinity.
The choice-based algorithms for noise detection may
be divided into three kinds. The first kind is to hit upon
whether the pixel is contaminated by using noise in step
with the local features. the second one-kind choice degree
considers the differences of adjoining pixel values within
the rank-ordered median filtering sequence .
The third-type technique, known as switching
schemes , first applies several varieties of rank-ordered
filters, and then, detects the noise pixels by means of their
relationships with the grey level of the origin pixel.
3.3 Median Filter
The linear processing techniques perform fairly
well on images with non-stop noise, consisting of additive
Gaussian allotted noise and they tend to offer too much
soothing for impulse like noise.
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Nonlinear techniques regularly provide a higher trade-off
between noise smoothing and retention of first-rate photo
element. Low pass spatial filtering of the smoothing
method blurs edges and different sharp information.
As the goal is to gain noise reduction in place of
blurring, an alternative median clear out is advanced by
Turkey for noise suppression. this is the grey degree of
every pixel is replaced by using the median of the gray
levels in a neighborhood of that pixel, as an alternative
of by the average. in order to carry out median filtering in
a community of a pixel, first type the values of the pixel
pals, decide the median, and assign this value to the pixel.
3.4 Noise Removal Algorithm
After the first level, the image noise density is
calculated to decide whether the second level is
necessary or not by the precise detection procedure. By
the experiments, it is observed that when the noise
density is below 10%, only a one-level noise removal
process is enough.
More residual noises will occur when the noise
density increases. In this case, the second-level noise
removal process is essential to detect and remove the
residual noises. As the local features may influence the
correctness of the detection part and the median filter
may still retain certain noises, the residual noise pixels
are detected and removed with an adaptive median
filter in the second level. If there are more than 30% noisy
pixels in this image, it is identified as a highly corrupted
region and the 5 5 median filter is applied for processing.
Otherwise, the 3 3 median filter is used to process
the noisy pixel. The proposed adaptive two level noise
removal techniques is very efficient to suppress the
impulse noise as well as to preserve the sharpness of edges
and detail information.
3.5 Image Quality Enhancement
The conventional median filtering techniques have
the limitation of blurring details and cause arti-facts
around edges. In order to compensate the edge
sharpness, image quality enhancement is applied to the
modified pixels.
As the first stage has eliminated the visible
noise, the second stage focuses the image enhancement
on the edge region. For image analysis, the properties of
the HVS are used to acquire the features of images.
Thus, region which would worth quality
enhancement is realized, since human eyes would be
usually more sensitive to this region. For sensitive regions,
an adaptive NN is used to enhance the visual quality to
match the characteristics of human visual perception. The
procedure of Image Quality enhancement can be applied as
follows:
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Fig - 2: Procedure diagram of the image quality
enhancement
3.5.1 HVS-Directed Image Analysis
A novel fuzzy decision system motivated by the HVS
is proposed to categorize the image into human perception
sensitive and non-sensitive regions.
There are three input variables: Visibility Degree
(VD); Structural Degree (SD); and Complexity Degree (CD),
and one Output Variable (Mo) in the proposed fuzzy decision
system.
3.6 Angle Evaluation
The bushy system identifies the reference pixel as
realistic delineated aspect and the skilled adaptive neural-
community version is chosen for satisfactory enhancement
in line with its corresponding aspect angle.
The angle evaluation is done to decide the
dominant orientation of the sliding block. It first of all
computes the orientation perspective of each
neighborhood of the original photograph pixel.
3.7 NN-Based Image Compensation
The function of the proposed NN is to obtain the
weights W where represents the quantized dominant
orientation of the reference pixel.
Thus, the proposed NN is used to obtain eight sets of
weighting matrices through training, each weighting matrix
W can be represented as
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(2)
In order to use supervised learning algorithms to train the
proposed NN, several clean image portions with dominant
orientation are used as training patterns.
Assuming a clean image portion is denoted as I, The
noise-corrupted version of I has been processed by the
proposed noise removal method in the first stage and the
filtered result is denoted as I, let be the reference pixel,
where O (0, 0) =I(i, j) , and it is classified as an edge pixel
with dominant orientation after angle evaluation.
The input of the NN can be defined as IP = and the
network output is the compensated pixel value of I ( i, j). The
pixel value of I (i, j) obtained from the clean original image is
used as the desired output of the NN for training.
4. APPLICATIONS
Image noise removal using neural network and
fuzzy logic has many applications. Images are corrupted
during transmissions, by applying noise removal algorithm,
those images can be reconstructed. It is having wide area of
application some of them are mentioned here.
1. Military applications for filtering out an image in the
field
2. Biomedical usage to remove the noise and view a proper
image
3. Aerospace filtering of image, so that the planes Captains
can get a proper look in rainy seasons.
5. CONCLUSION
Right here, two-stage noise elimination algorithm
was proposed to cope with impulse noise. Inside the first
level, a degree noise elimination method with NN-based
noise detection was implemented to eliminate the noise
cleanly and preserve the uncorrupted statistics as well as
viable. in the second level, a fuzzy choice rule inspired by
using the HVS become proposed to categorize pixels of the
photograph into human belief touchy and non touchy
training.
An NN is proposed to decorate the touchy areas to
perform higher visible first-class. Im able to try that
proposed technique will work advanced to the
conventional strategies in perceptual image excellent, and
it could provide a pretty a strong overall performance over
a wide kind of photographs with diverse noisy densities.
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