Chapter-1.

Introduction

1.1 An Introduction to Fieldwork:-

Fieldwork refers to any component of the curriculum that involves
leaving the classroom and learning through firsthand experience. Field
work is the process of observing and collecting data about people,
cultures, organization and natural environments. Fieldwork can be
described as a systematic and organized effort to study and observe a
specified organizational situation

With the development of Financial Sectors such as Banks, Finance,

Co-Operative Society etc. there has been a great changes in Perspective
of Finance education, its Broadened Scopes, its infinite career paths and
of course, the visions and missions. As the quality education always
serves the golden opportunity, the essentials of Financial knowledge is
not only seen in theoretical basis but as well as practical. On absence of
Practical knowledge the financial education can be termed incomplete.

Realizing the above fact, Tribhuvan University, NEPAL has

implemented a provision to submit a field work report for the candidates
for the fulfillment of elective (sectorial) course of their III year Bachelor
level under management faculty. This assignment of a field work report
completed by a student under Tribhuwan University in guidance of
senior lecture.
Therefore, being the student of Bachelor of Business Studies Third
year under Tribhuwan University and to meet the requirement of this
B.B.S (Third year Course) under management faculty, I have chosen the
fieldwork on the topic Profitability Ratio Analysis for Nepal Multi-
Purpose Co Operative society Ltd. located at Kakarvitta -10, Mechi
Municipality, Jhapa.

1
1.2 Concept of Co-Operative Society:-

The word Co-operative means working together; and people have

been working together ever since the world began. People have worked
together in communities and groups and have organized themselves for
their own mutual benefit. The Concept of the co-operative was first
established at Rochdale, England in 1844 A.D. That organization was
actually initiated by weaker sector of the society in order to protect their
interest unlike other business organization. Its motive is not profit
maximizing but to serve the interest of its member. The philosophy
behind co-operative society is All for each and each for all.

According to Hennery Calvert Co operative society is a form of

organization where In the person voluntary associate together as human
being on the basic of equitable for the promotion of economic interest of
themselves .
The above definition reveals some basic feature of co-operative
organization. They state certain principal that are essential for the
success of co-operative movement. As a type of business organization
modern co-operative possess the following features and are based on
similar basic Principles.

1.3 Co-Operative Society in Nepal:-

The Concept of Co-operative has been in practice in Nepal Since

time immemorial. The practice of helping each other has been sustaining
in the Nepalese society form very ancient time. In agriculture works like
sowing seeds, ploughing, planting, harvesting etc. and in other social
works like wedding, birth, festivals, and funerals, etc. the people of the
society gathered and worked together in co-operation. There is also the
practice of Dharma Bhakari, Mahaguthi, Dhikuri, Parma etc. which
shows that there has been the concept and practice of co-operation in
Nepal Since long time back. But the formal development of co-
2
operatives in Nepal since long time back. But the formal development of
co-operatives in Nepal started after the end of cruel Regime in Nepal in
2007 BS when the need of co-operation was felt all around the country
for the development of overall the sectors of the country. The main
events in the co-operative movement of Nepal since then can be
summarized in the points below:-
Co-operative department was established in Nepal under the
ministry of Agriculture, Planning and Development in 2010
BS as the first of its kind.
A Saving and credit co-operative was established in Chitwan.
Co-operative department was transferred to ministry of food,
agriculture and forest and co-operative society. Act-2016 was
also published in 2016 BS.
Co-operative Development fund was established in 2017.
In 2018 Co-operative rules was published and sajha travels,
sajha health services, sajha prakashan were also established
under sajha.
In 2019, co-operative training centre was established, co-
operative Bank act was published and co-operative
department was again transferred to panchyat ministry.
In 2020, co-operative bank was established under co-
operative bank act-2019.
In 2023, co-operative department was transferred to ministry
of land reforms, food and agriculture.
Co-operative bank was transformed to agriculture
development bank in 2024 BS.
3
 In 2026, co-operative department was again transferred to
ministry of land reforms.
In, 2nd amendment to co-operative act-2026 was made with
the provisions that a person was restricted to be member in
union, no custom charged and maximum limit of 15% as
dividend for the co-operatives.
The co-operative program was named as Sajha Program in
2032 BS.
Sajha Society Act-2041 was implemented discarding co-
operative society act-2016 in 2041 BS.
Co-operative department was changed to sajha development
department in 2042 BS.
Sajha rules was published in 2043 BS.
Sajha development department was transferred to ministry of
agriculture in 2044 BS.
In 2043, after the re-establishment of democracy in the
country, sajha act-2041 was discarded and in 2049 jestha 2 nd
co-operative act and rules 2048/49 was launched.
In 2056, ministry of agriculture was named Ministry of
Agriculture and Co-operatives.
Co-operative Bank was established in 2060 under the co-operative bank
act-2059.

4
1.4 Background of Nepal Multipurpose Co-operative Society Ltd.

Nepal Multipurpose Co-operative Society Ltd. is a registered

organization under Nepal Rastra Bank Act 2012 and has got permission
to carry on its limited banking operation since 2052 B.S. It is the
organization, which has been serving the society by giving home
banking service from the time of its establishment in the year 2050 B.S.
it encourages the saving behavior of the society.
It also monitored under the co-operative act of 2048 of Nepal. This
institution has occupied a big area in this eastern region by providing
necessary banking facilities via different branches of the institutions.
The branches are under operation in many popular town like Dhulabari,
Birtamode, Charali, Chandragadi, Surunga, etc. The head office of the
organization is at Kakarvitta that regulates and controls the overall
functioning of the business. In this way the firm has been promoting the
public in many aspects of Banking Activities.
Besides banking operation it has
also extended its work activities in
non-banking sector too. Such activities
include compensation of loss incurred
in different field like business,
accidents and life of an individual
through insurance policy promulgated
by the organization. They had different
committee like NMC health club which
runs different Free Health Program,
NMC Citizen Club to serve old age
5
member of the society, NMC Woman Club to increase woman
involvement in every sector.
Thus, due to its fair services for every people it has gained a lot
reputation and earned goodwill with the short span of time, that traces
out the progressive part for running the organization even in the future
generation.

1.5 Objectives of the Firm.

Unlike other forms of the organization it has no sole motive for

maximizing profit only. It has a very wide view to impart maximum
services to its members of the society. So, its primary objective is
service oriented and secondary objective is profit oriented. Hence,
Summarized objectives are as follows:-
a. To collect and regulate the scattered mean in order to utilize the
better productive sectors.
b. To motivate to develop the habit of saving as well as co-operation
among members, individuals and societies promoting their
economic welfare and development.
c. To minimize the problem of unemployment by providing job
opportunities and to praise the investors for the developmental role
of the nation.
d. To introduce and generate the altitude or feelings of saving to those
people, who are beyond the rich of prevailing banking services and
there by leading them for their future contribution, which give
them a sort of contentment in their mind.

6
 e. To provide easy and simple system of services without most good
faith between the corporation and costumers by facilitating with
Home Banking Service (H.B.S)
f. To strengthen its motive of co-operative altitude throughout the
country by providing knowledge and education about co-operation
among the people of the Nation.
g. To run the economic communities ground water irrigation section
project by seeking help from Asian Development Bank and Nepal
Rastra Bank (NRB)
To enforce the collection of permanent natured investment and to
research the field for secured investment areas.

1.6 SWOT Analysis of Nepal Multipurpose Co-operative Ltd.:-

Although the main objectives of the Co-Operative society is to do

welfare of the society and its member, but somethings it has to bear
losses. There losses occur due to arise of the problem in the
organization. In the same way this organization has also various
problems which disturb the smooth running of the organization.

A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) is a structured planning method used

to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved
in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis involves
specifying the objective of the business venture or project and
identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and
unfavorable to achieve that objective.

Strengths: Characteristics of the firm that give it an advantage over

others.
Weaknesses: Characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage
relative to others.
Opportunities: Elements that the firm could exploit to its advantage.
Threats: Elements in the environment that could cause trouble for
the firm.
7
The SWOT Analysis of NMC Ltd. are given below:-

Strengths: High turnover, many branches, qualified manpower, Strong

management, Door to Door Service, Organizational Goodwill, Insurance
facilities for shareholders,

Weakness: Limited coverage, No ATM Facilities, No Security Cameras,

and no Security Personnels, Limited international transaction, lack of
online and phone banking facilities.

Opportunities: Increasing Goodwill, Upgrade to Finance or

Development bank, Increase in Financial transaction peripheral,
diversification of portfolios.

Threats: Unstable Government, New policies and procedure Central

Bank, lack of investors in society, Social Security, high market
competition, Limited available resources.

1.7 Objectives of Fieldwork:-

Objectives is the goal where all the efforts are concentrated for the
fulfillment of the activities. It is a specific result that a person or a
system aims to achieve within a time frame and available resources.
So this fieldwork also carries the certain objective, which is listed below.

Develop the fieldwork report writing skills.

To analyses the Profitability of NMC.
Increase ability in working in financial environment.
Develop the interpersonal communicative skills.
Develop the skill of the data collection and presentation.
Examine the difference between bank and co-operative
societies.

1.8 Importance of fieldwork:-

Research and fieldwork in certain topic are themselves
an important track. By going throughout the process of fieldwork we can
gain the practical knowledge, which is important in todays modern
8
world. Through research and investigations helps to derive the unknown
fact. In Similar ways, I have obtained numerous benefit for research
writing while preparing this Field work Report which I consider a great
knowledge achievement acquired in similar field. Some of the major
advantage of writing this fieldwork were as follows:-

a.) Know the in-depth meaning of co-operative society.

b.) Know the procedure for calculating net profit.
c.) Know the organization distribute the profit and dividends
among shareholders.
d.) Current financial condition of the co-operative society.
f.) Relationship between the shareholder and management in
an organization.
g.) Plans, policies and Strategies of organization.
h.) Information about the assets and liabilities of organization.
i.) Knowledge on working within time frame.
j.) Information on the utilization of collected fund in the
organization.
k.) Diplomatic Communication Skills
l.) Skills and Procedures for acquiring references.

1.9 Method of Data Collection:-

In order to carry on my fieldwork report, I have choose simple

survey method and have done maximum activities following the some
method, but there are certain factors like, sources of data, economic
condition and time factor which should be taken into consideration in the
process of inquiry, observation and studying the subject matter. Datas
are collected through primary as well as secondary sources.
While going through the process of data collection in case of
primary data it has been obtain directly from organizational employees,
managements through verbal conversation. The Secondary were
collected from the sources such as Annual Report, Quarterly reports,
previous records, Newspapers and relevant articles in bulletin board of
the organization.

Although the data collection process was entirely new experience

for me and collecting each data and information were equally
9
challenging, my strong determination to fulfill my responsibilities, and
my skills and knowledge during my academic period helped me to push
myself towards the goal. There were many cases, where I struggled and
had to perform the same task repeatedly, the helpful staffs and
Management team of Nepal Multi-Purpose Co Operative society
Ltd. who took no pain to provide me the required data. Furthermore,
skillful suggestions and techniques from my lecturers and colleague
made my efforts less painful than it could be. Finally, I was able to put
forward the completed fieldwork that represented my, skills, knowledge,
and my hardships during my academic years as well the efforts I put to
leave no stone unturned.

1.10 Limitation of Ratio Analysis:-

Since the ratio analysis is a powerful tool of analyzing the financial
statement of the firm it does have some limitation, which are as follows:-
a. Lack of proper basis of comparison.
b.The Present study focuses on five fiscal year only.
c. Ignore qualitative factor.
d. Price level changes.
e. Difficult to forecast future correctly on the basis of past fact.
f. The truth of the study is based on the data provided by NMC.

10
1.11 Field Work Procedure:-

To get completed with my fieldwork report preparation, I divided

my objective into various segments. On each segments, I made a
checklist for required data. It all started with information about
fieldwork report and its benefits, collection of request letter from my
campus to collect data from organization, go through NMC earlier and
latest magazines and articles. Second steps were to collect all the
primary data from some of its shareholders, employees, and
Management.
Thirdly, I arranged all the available data and arranged into the right
order which included typing and proofing. Furthermore, I also included
the page Design, Table of Contents, Page numbers, and Banner page.
Once done, took the original copy to get checked and revised from NMC
authority for validation and authentication of data included in field
report. After some minor, amendments and rectification, I showed my
First copy of Field Report to my Lecturer for verification, further
suggestions and guidelines. Finally, three copy of my field work Report
were made from which one was submitted to NMC for their reference,
one was submitted to Tribhuwan University through my Campus and
one copy was kept for me for future references.

11
 Chapter 2

Analysis of Profit and Profitability of the Firm

Part I

2.1 Meaning, Concepts, Types and Needs of Profit :-

Profit is the term with which we are all familiar. It is a quit a
common place world but different people use it in difference since in the
simple since we can expenditure , But in economics the term profit the
net income of a business after all the cost-rent , wages , and interest etc.
have been divided from the total income. Profit therefore doesnt have
same same meaning to all the people it vary from people to people.
We can say that pure profit is the reward of entrepreneur
function. Its what an entrepreneur gets purely as an entrepreneur. What
he gets as a landlord, manager or capitalist is deducted from the total
profits. Hence, pure profit is an amount which accurse to the
entrepreneur for assuming the risk irreparable from business. It is reward
for assuming the final responsibility that cannot be shifted to anybody
else.

Types and needs of profit:-

Generally there are two types of profit. They are (1) Gross profit and (2)
Net Profit.
i.) Gross profit :- This profit can be defined as the profit which is
obtain immediately after the deduction of direct expends like
manufacturing charge , Labor charge etc from the total sales.
ii.) Net profit :- This profit can be defined as the profit which is
obtain after the deductions of the expenses like rent , wages , interest ,
depreciation and insurances . Change from the gross profit, this profit
can be divided into further two groups.
a) Net profit before tax.
b) Net profit after tax.
12
 Net profit before tax: - This is the profit which is obtained
before paying tax to the government. It is not real profit in the
entrepreneur view.
Net profit after tax: - This is the profit which the
entrepreneur gets after paying all the payable tax to the
government, which is also the real profit.

Earning profit is one of the major objectives of the business. To run

the organization properly profit is the most essential factor.
According to Lord Keynes Profit is the engine that drives the
business enterprises So from above definition also we can say that
without earning a profit the successfully running of the organization
is impossible.

2.2 Method of Data Analysis

(i) Ratio Analysis:-
Ratio can be defined as the quantitative relationship
between two or more than two sets of arithmetical data. So the ratio
analysis is the process, which helps us in financial analysis of the
different accounting data extracted from different financial
statements. Ratio analysis can be defined as the process, which
describe and analysis the various financial statement in the
minimum mathematical language, which help us in taking regarding
weakness and strength of organization. Hence ratio analysis is
supposes to be most important tool of analyzing financial statement.
Forth comparative analysis of financial statement there are
different kind of financial ratio. As concerned to my subject I have
chosen the profit ability ratio analysis, which is discussed briefly
below.

13
(ii) Profitability Ratio:-
Profitability ratio is the main key factor, which help the
organization to measure how much the organization is able to get
turnover compare to their investment. There are the different factors
in the organization like, capital assets & deposits, Interest, equity
capital, which determines the organization profit in depth, so by the
process of profitability ratio we can know that whether these factor
has been properly utilized or not. In an organization, owners and
investors want to know their excepted return where as manager are
interested in their operating efficiency. Therefore profitability ratio
is calculated, because expectation of both owner and manager are
evaluated in terms of profit earned by the firm. My topic of
fieldwork report also related with profitability ratio, I have use the
figure of Net profit, capital, total assets total deposits, total interest
etc of fiscal years as forth calculation. I have extracted them from
Cash Flow statement, Transaction Summary, P/L A/c and B/S of
each year of Nepal Multipurpose Co-Operative Society Ltd.

14
 PART-II

2.3 Presentation and Analysis of Data.

A). Return on Assets Ratio :-( ROA)
Simply we can say that return of assets is the tool, which
help us to know the capability of management to earn from the available
assets. This ratio is even called profit to assets ratio. It is presented in
percentage basis. This formula for calculation of ROA is given below.

Return on assets (ROA) = Net Income after Tax 100

Total Assets

Return on assets of five fiscal year of Nepal Multi-Purpose by using the

formula is presented below.

Fiscal Net Income After Return on In

Year Tax Total Assets Asset Ratio (A/B)*100 Percentage
(NPAT)(A) (B) ROAR (A/B) %
2066 / 67 8600602.32 491898092 0.017484521 1.748452059 12.95%
2067 / 68 20685231.43 656837709.6 0.03149215 3.149214962 23.32%
2068 / 69 35680492.16 994037308.9 0.03589452 3.58945201 26.58%
2069 / 70 37918579.89 1521288122 0.024925311 2.492531121 18.45%
2070 / 71 55368561.45 2191395806 0.025266345 2.526634454 18.71%

TOTAL 13.506285 100.00%

After watching above table we can say that return on assets rate
was maximum in the fiscal year 2068/69 which means the firm was able
to generate higher profit then any other year by mobilizing the assets.

15
 To be more clear about ROA the percentage of return are presented
in the given bar diagram in which x-axis present fiscal year where as y-
axis represented percentage of return

16
(B) Return on Equity Capital Ratio (ROE): The return on
equity capital employed can be defined as the ability of the firm to earn
the firm by utilizing the funds like long term fund and equity capital. It
can be calculate by using following formula.
Return on Equity Capital (ROE):- Net Income after tax (NPAT) x 100
Equity Capital

Return on Equity Capital of six fiscal year of Nepal Multipurpose Co-

Operative Society Ltd. is presented below:-
Fiscal Net Income Return on Equity In
Year After Tax Equity Capital Capital Ratio (A/B)*100 Percentage

(NPAT)(A) (B) ROE (A/B) %

2066 / 67 8600602.32 46385586 0.185415407 18.54154073 10.92%

2067 / 68 20685231.43 58634018 0.352785501 35.27855012 20.79%

2068 / 69 35680492.16 78293583 0.455726904 45.57269037 26.85%

2069 / 70 37918579.89 108681347.5 0.348896851 34.8896851 20.56%

2070 / 71 55368561.45 156253849.5 0.354350063 35.43500633 20.88%

TOTAL 169.7174727 100.00%

The above mention table clearly shows that this Co-Operative Society
was able to utilize its capital employed best in fiscal year 2068/2069
with the highest return of 26.85% than any other fiscal year.
To be more clear about ROCE the percentage of return are presented in
the given bar diagram in which x-axis present fiscal year where as y-axis
represented percentage of return

17
(C) Return on Total Deposit Ratio (ROTDR):-
This is the ratio which enables to know whether the organization
is able to earn profit or not by utilizing the deposit. In addition
to this its a vital tool to identify the organization overall
performance as well as its ability in mobilization the various
type of collected deposit in earning profit. This ratio is
calculated with given formula.
Return on total deposit (ROTD):-
Net Income after Tax
Total Deposit

18
Return on total deposit of six fiscal year of Nepal Multipurpose Co-
Operative Society Ltd. is presented below:-
Net Income After Return on Total In
Fiscal Year Tax Total Deposits Deposit Ratio (A/B)*100 Percentage

(NPAT)(A) (B) ROTD (A/B) %

2066 / 67 8600602.32 380392940.5 0.022609784 2.260978427 12.28%

2067 / 68 20685231.43 487724222.6 0.042411737 4.241173694 23.04%

2068 / 69 35680492.16 708577014.2 0.050355136 5.035513634 27.35%

2069 / 70 37918579.89 1084197203 0.034973877 3.497387724 19.00%

2070 / 71 55368561.45 1640452565 0.033752004 3.375200394 18.33%

TOTAL 18.4102539 100.00%

In the above given table we can see that return on total deposit
is maximum for fiscal year 2068/2069 which is 27.35%
compared to other fiscal years.
To be more clear about ROTD the percentage of return are
presented in the given bar diagram in which x-axis present fiscal
year where as y-axis represented percentage of return.

The following bar diagram shows return on deposit in which x-axis

represented the fiscal year where as y-axis represent percentage of
return on total deposit.

19
 D) Interest Earned to Total Assets Ratio (IETTAR):-
This ratio is the tool that is used to analysis firm interest earning
capacity. Its means the percentage of interest earned in relation to total
assets of the firm. If indicates the mobilization of assets in interest
generation activities. This ratio is calculated by using given formula:-
Interest Earned on Total Assets Ratio = Interest Earned x 100
(IETTAR) Total Assets

Interest earned to Total assets of five fiscal year of Nepal Multipurpose

Co-Operative Society Ltd. is presented below:-

Fiscal Interest Earned Interest Earned to In

Year After Tax Total Assets Total Asset Ratio (A/B)*100 Percentage

(IE)(A) (B) IETTAR (A/B) %

2066 / 67 50978401.86 380392940.5 0.13401511 13.40151103 26.65%

2067 / 68 76748993.21 487724222.6 0.157361455 15.73614548 31.30%

2068 / 69 115024031.1 7085770140 0.016233102 1.623310223 3.23%

2069 / 70 56848323.7 1084197203 0.052433564 5.243356424 10.43%

2070 / 2071 234200185.8 1640452565 0.142765595 14.27655946 28.39%

TOTAL 50.28088261 100.00%

By observing the above mention table we can say that the

organization was success to earn the highest return in the fiscal years
2067/2068 of 31.30% over assets.

20
 To be clearer about interest earned to total assets ratio given bar
diagram must be watched in which IETTAR is presented in percentage
basis.

In the above bar diagram there is an increasing and

decreasing trend of interest to total assets. The lowest interest
was in fiscal 2068/2069 whereas highest was in fiscal years
2067/2068 with 31.30%. So the firm should be aware for
keeping rate of interest earning in increasing trend for coming
year too.

21
 2.6 Results on Study of Profitability of the Firm
The table below shows the summarized result of study on profitability ratio analysis of
the firm. All the return is briefly discussed below.

S.N Heading of Average Return Average

for six Fiscal Year Return in
Percentage
1. Return on Assets (ROA) 2.70%
2. Return on Equity Capital 33.94%
(ROEC)
3. Return on Total Deposit 3.68%
(ROTD)
4. Interest Earned to Total Assets 10.06%
(IETTAR)

1) In the above table we can see that the average return

on assets ratio is 2.70%. Comparing to other return it is
lowest. Therefore, the firm must try to earn higher turnover.
The firm must take a corrective action so that it could be
able to increase its return.
2) According to above table the average return on Equity
Capital is 33.94% which is highest among all .So we can
say that return on Equity Capital has contributed greater
profit during five fiscal year of the Nepal Multipurpose Co-
Operative Society Ltd.
3) The Average return on Total Deposit is 3.68% which is
second lowest, compare to other return. The firm must take
the necessary steps so that organization would be able to
increase its return on total deposit.

22
4) Average return on Interest Earned on Total Assets is
second highest than any other return in six fiscal year. This
ratio is sign of good progress in generating the profit by the
firm.
To understand more clear-cut picture of profitability
ratio of the firm. The above table of average return is
converted into circular i.e. 360 degree and all the degree of
return is drawn in the following pie diagram, which shows
aver all contribution of profit from each field of profit
heading.

Chapter 3.
23
 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

3.1. Summary and Conclusion:-

After analyzing the various profitability ratio of this
organization, I can say that the Nepal Multipurpose Co-
Operative Society Ltd. is in successful track. Since it is not
able to get the return as expected, but if this organization goes
in improving in the same way then that day is not far away
when it will be able to achieve all its expected return. During
my whole fieldwork report, I found that the reputation of this
organization is very well among the public sector. It has been
able to earn good will and public faith because of its fair and
convenient banking services. One major thing I want to
disclose about this organization is that it is giving special
focus on sectors like business investment, agriculture etc.,
which is very important for the people and society of Nepal,
whose dependency on agriculture is high. Though the
organization is in its optimum progress

24
 3.2 Recommendation:

After all the information, summary and conclusions, I would like to

express some recommendation for gearing strength of NMC
a. Increase the deposit by encouraging the people to save.
b. Maintain the high level of Customer Service.
c. Launching the different rural development program.
d. Setting a camping to give technical knowledge to farmers.
e. Taking part in different social activities.
f. Endorse the modern online technologies for banking
enhancement.
g. Generate special policies for young investors.
h. Offer an add-in services policies such as insurance/ assurance
facility for investors to encourage investments.

25
 3.3 Questionnaire:-

i. What is the meaning of Co-Operative Society?

Ans:-
ii. When was it introduced in Nepal?
Ans:-
iii. Which was the first Co-operative Society in Nepal?
Ans:-
iv. When was this Co-Operative Society established?
Ans:-
v. What are the objectives of this Co-Operative Society?
Ans:-
vi. How many Branches are there?
Ans:-
vii. Is this organization only profit oriented?
Ans:-
viii. What is the present condition of this organization?
Ans:-
ix. What are the services provided by this Co-Operative Society?
Ans:-
x. What are the services provided by this Co-Operative
Society?
Ans:-

26
 3.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Banking and Insurance, Singh. Hridaya Bir, Published

by: Asia Publication Pvt. Ltd. 2062 B.S
2. N.M.C Darpan, Published by Nepal Multipurpose Co-
Operative Ltd. 2067 B.S to 2072 B.S
3. N.M.C Parichaya, Published by Nepal Multipurpose Co-
Operative Ltd. 2072 B.S
4. Banking and Insurance, Subedi. Bhisma Raj, Published
by: Asmita Publication, 2062 B.S
5. Accounting for Financial Analysis and Planning, Dangol.
Ratna Man, Taleju Prakashan. 2064 B.S
6. Principle of Management in Nepal, Prof. Agrawal.
Govinda Ram, Published by M.K Publishers and
Distributors. 2063 B.S
7. Corporate Finance, Joshi. Padam Raj, Published by:
Asmita Publication. 2062 B.S
8. Elements of Banking and Insurance, Bhatia. Sethi,
Published by Prentice-Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd. 2007 A.D

*****************The End*****************
27