1.

Trigonometry
- Prove identities.
- Solve equations (sometimes after proving an identity).
- Find min/max of an expression using the R-sine or R-cosine result.
- Find values of trigonometric expressions, given trigonometric ratios.
- Sketch trigonometric graphs (directly or after some transformations) and show appreciation of
period and amplitude.
- Transformations include these forms: y = f(ax), y = f(x) + a, y = |f(x)| and combinations.
- Determine the number of roots of given equations, where their graphs need to be sketched and
checked for the number of intersections.
- Find trigonometric ratios of specific angles without using calculator.
- Know about radian and degree modes.
2. Surds and indices
- Form expressions using surds.
- Rationalise surds.
- Solve equations involving indices.

3. Logarithmic and exponential functions

- Solve logarithmic equations.
- Solve real-life problems involving exponential functions (e.g.
radioactive decay of a substance).
- Simplify and evaluate, without using calculator, using laws of
logarithm.
- Sketch logarithmic and exponential curves.

4. Modulus functions
- Sketch graphs of modulus functions.
- Solve equations and/or inequalities (by graphical
approach) involving modulus functions.

5. Circles
- Find equations of circles and show appreciation of radius and
centre.
- Find new equations given some transformation (e.g. reflected
about x-axis).

6. Quadratic equations
- Appreciate the nature of roots (real, equal, imaginary) for graphs
which are always above/below the x-axis, for graphs that do not
intersect, for graphs that are tangent to each other and the like.
- Form new quadratic equations via sum and product of roots.
- Solve quadratic inequalities.

7. Binomial expansion
- Expand.
- Find terms independent of x or terms with certain powers.
- Approximate values by suitable substitutions.
- Know how to expand nCr where n is an unknown.

8. Linearisation of non-linear expressions

- Express a non-linear equation by manipulation to become Y =
mX + c.
- Find slopes and intercepts in order to find unknowns in the
original non-linear form.
- Find values from graphs.
- Interpretations of linear graphs.
- Draw another graph to find the number of roots of an equation.
 9. Differentiation and its applications
- Differentiation techniques, especially the use of product rule,
quotient rule and differentiation of composite functions like cos
(3/x).

- Tangents and normals

(i) find gradients of tangents and normals;
(ii) find equations of tangents and normals;
(iii) find axial intercepts of tangents and normals.

- Rates of change via the chain rule.

- Maxima and minima

(i) form an expression based on the given information;
(ii) carry out differentiation, set the derivative to zero, find the
stationary value(s);
(iii) determine the nature of stationary value via first or second
derivative test.

- Curve sketching
(i) find axial intercepts.
(ii) carry out differentiation, set the derivative to zero, find the
stationary values;
(iii) determine the nature of stationary points via first or second
derivative test.

10. Integration and its applications

- Integration of standard functions.
- Integration via partial fractions.
- Find areas of regions via integration.
- Given known definite integrals, evaluate some other integrals.

11. Applications involving both differentiation and integration

- Motion (involving displacement, velocity, acceleration).
- Applying the derivative of a given expression to find the integral
of a related one, e.g. differentiate x ln x, then find the definite
integral of ln x.

12. Coordinate geometry

- Find gradients or equations of lines (parallel to or perpendicular
to given lines).
- Find points of intersections.
- Find areas.
- Apply known geometrical properties of quadrilaterals.
- Find mid-points.
- Prove collinearity.

13. Remainder and factor theorems

- Factorise completely some expression and find its solutions.
- Form simultaneous equations based on given information and
solve for unknowns.
- Use the fact that polynomial = quotient * divisor + remainder to
solve problems.
- Carry out long division of polynomials.
- Three types of partial fractions.

14. Geometrical proofs

- Prove congruency and similarity.
- Prove results by applying mid-point and intercept theorems for
triangles.
 - Prove results by applying tangent-chord, intersecting-chord and
tangent-secant theorems for circles.
- Know and apply angle properties and symmetric properties of
circles.
- Know and apply alternate segment theorem.

15. Simultaneous equations in two unknowns

- Both linear.
- One linear, the other non-linear.
- Solve via substitution or inverse matrix method.