Javier Gozalvez
MOBILE RADIO
First Commercial LTE Network
Long-Term Evolution
T eliaSonera has launched the first
fourth-generation (4G) services com-
mercially to customers in Stockholm,
Sweden, and Oslo, Norway. TeliaSone-
ras current 4G networks cover the cen-
tral city areas of Stockholm and Oslo.
The Stockholm 4G city network is sup-
plied by Ericsson, and the Oslo 4G city
network is supplied by Huawei. The
modems at launch come from Sam-
sung. The 4G network roll-out will
continue to Swedens 25 largest munici-
palities and recreation areas and to
Norways four largest municipalities.
TeliaSonera has three nationwide 4G/
long-term evolution (LTE) licenses in
Sweden, Norway, and Finland in the
2.6-GHz frequency band. The 4G/LTE
system is based on the third-genera-
tion partnership project (3GPP) stan-
dards for LTE radio technology and
system architecture evolution (SAE)
core technology. SwissQual has con-
ducted a drive test on TeliaSoneras
commercial LTE network, achieving
downlink speeds of up to 47 Mb/s with
TCP latency at 20 ms. The results are
approximately five times faster than
the typical performance of high-speed
packet access (HSPA) networks. The
measurement tests were carried out
using the Samsung Kalmia LTE-enabled
modem mounted in the SwissQual
Diversity Optimizer platform.
Cox Communications announced
the successful completion of voice
calling and high-definition video
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MVT.2010.936656
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streaming over wireless networks
using 4G LTE technology. Coxs 4G
technology and service trials use
the advanced wireless services and
700-MHz spectrum that it acquired at
Federal Communication Commission
auctions in 2006 and 2008 in the
United States. Cox conducted the 4G
trials in Phoenix and San Diego.
Although Cox is testing the 4G LTE
technology in these markets, it is
initially deploying wireless services
using the 3G code-division multiple
access (CDMA) standard in Hampton
Roads, Virginia, Orange County, Cali-
fornia, and Omaha, Nebraska.
AT&T has announced the selec-
tion of Alcatel-Lucent and Ericsson
as equipment suppliers for the
planned deployment of its higher
speed LTE mobile broadband net-
work. The selection of the two suppli-
ers paves the way for AT&Ts planned
field trials of LTE technology, with
commercial deployment scheduled to
begin in 2011.
NTT DOCOMO announced that, in
preparation for the start of its LTE
mobile service, it is deploying new
wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) base sta-
tions equipped with newly developed
remote radio equipment (RRE) units
to provide both existing W-CDMA
and forthcoming LTE service. The
RRE-equipped base stations will ac-
count for about half of the initial
LTE base stations when DOCOMO
launches an LTE service in December
2010. The new RRE (also known as
remote radio head) allows the
1556-6072/10/$26.002010IEEE
Senior Editor
relatively easy and efficient installa-
tion of LTE base stations to existing
W-CDMA base stations.
At the GSMA Mobile World Con-
gress in Barcelona, Ericsson set what
it claims is a world record by show-
casing LTE/4G with a speed of 1 Gb/s
in the downlink. This world first
demonstration is using multicarrier
technology and multiple-input, multi-
ple-output (MIMO) and runs on Erics-
son commercial LTE hardware. The
demonstration used four carriers of
20 MHz each, totally 80 MHz and 4 3 4
MIMO, and data are sent over-the-air
(OTA) interface on four independent
bit streams.
Huawei demonstrated data down-
load speeds of up to 600 Mb/s using its
latest LTE-Advanced system at the
Mobile World Congress 2010. Huawei
claims to be the worlds first vendor to
use multicarrier aggregation and high-
order MIMO technology in its LTE-
Advanced system, which increases
spectrum efficiency up to five times.
The system also incorporates coordi-
nated multipoint (CoMP) reception
and transmission, with which signals
from a wireless device are received
from several coordinated base sta-
tions. This function allows operators
to efficiently use the network infrastruc-
ture without installing more anten-
nas. Using SAE capabilities, Huaweis
LTE-Advanced solution features policy
charging and control, allowing oper-
ators to manage bandwidth uti-
lization while optimizing valuable
end-user experience. LTE-Advanced is
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2010
currently being standardized by the
3GPP as a major enhancement of the
3GPP LTE. LTE-Advanced will include
key features such as worldwide func-
tionality and roaming, compatibility of
services, interoperability with other
radio access systems, and enhanced
peak data rates to support advanced
services and applications (100 Mb/s
for high and 1 Gb/s for low mobility).
Nokia Siemens Networks and LG
Electronics achieved an LTE downlink
data transfer rate of 100 Mb/s, the
maximum speed for a Class-3 LTE
terminal. In LTE, the user equipment
is categorized into classes based on
its potential uplink and downlink data
rates. Class 3 terminals are expected
to be the first widely used commercial
LTE terminals when they are launched
later in 2010. The call was made using
Nokia Siemens Networks LTE radio
equipment (RE), including the flexi
multiradio base station, its evolved
packet core (EPC) network elements,
and standards-compliant software along
with a precommercial LTE universal
serial bus (USB) modem from LG
Electronics. The two companies pre-
viously completed the first end-to-
end LTE interoperability tests in the
2,100 MHz frequency band. The first
of a series of end-to-end tests were
completed with successful data calls
and demonstrated the interoperabil-
ity of Nokia Siemens Networks LTE
RE and EPC network elements with
an LTE USB datacard from LG.
Alcatel-Lucent successfully com-
pleted what it claims is the world-
wide first LTE data call on the
800-MHz European digital dividend
spectrum band in a live network. The
call was completed in October 2009
at Alcatel-Lucents 4G/LTE end-to-
end solutions center in Stuttgart,
Germany. The 800-MHz spectrum is
particularly well suited to bringing
mobile broadband Internet services
to rural areas.
Ericsson and Samsung have suc-
cessfully achieved interoperability
between the worlds first commercial
LTE device from Samsung and the
live LTE frequency division duplex
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SMART METERING IS A FULL MEASUREMENT
AND COLLECTION SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES CUSTOMER
METERS, COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, AND DATA
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.
(FDD) network from Ericsson in
Stockholm, Sweden. Samsung and
Ericsson have together developed
necessary procedures to accomplish
this end-to-end integration program.
Through extensive testing in Stock-
holm, Samsung LTE dongles and
Ericssons infrastructure have com-
plied with the industry standard for
commercial deployment, 3GPP Re-
lease 8 March baseline.
Nokia Siemens Networks conducted
what it claimed is the worlds first LTE
handover test using a commercially
available base station and fully stan-
dards-compliant software. The LTE
handover test was the first to be fully
compliant with the 3GPPs March 2009
baseline LTE standard. In this initial
test, the handover was made between
LTE cells of Nokia Siemens Networks
flexi multiradio base station.
ST-Ericsson and Ericsson have suc-
cessfully achieved mobility between
LTE and HSPA networks, using a multi-
mode LTE/HSPA device. The interoper-
ability was realized in live networks
from Ericsson in Stockholm, Sweden,
using a multimode device powered by
ST-Ericssons platform, M710. The de-
vice and networks used in interoper-
ability testing in Stockholm were in
compliance with the industry standard
for commercial deployment, 3GPP Re-
lease 8 March baseline.
Nokia Siemens Networks has car-
ried out the worlds first voice calls
in LTE networks using the commer-
cial, 3GPP-standardized user and net-
work equipment. The success of the
voice calls and SMS texting demon-
strates the viability of the one voice
approach to voice over LTE (VoLTE).
While the focus of most LTE trials
and deployment plans are on data
service, LTE also has important bene-
fits for voice service, as it offers the
highest spectral efficiency for voice.
Also, the delivery of VoLTE networks
means operators will be able to
provide all services over the same
all-IP network in the future. The call
was made from a laptop equipped
with the Nokia Siemens Networks
Communication Suite softphone ap-
plication and an LG Electronics LTE
USB datacard. The network used for
the call included commercial ver-
sions of Nokia Siemens Networks
flexi multiradio base station with
3GPP-compliant software, EPC, and
fast-track VoLTE solutions. The EPC
provides data connectivity for LTE
networks, while the Nokia Siemens
Networks fast-track VoLTE solution
provides fully 3GPP-standardized IP
multimedia subsystem (IMS) func-
tionality to handle call control for
mobile voice traffic in LTE networks.
Huawei announced that it has suc-
cessfully completed what it claims is
the world s first test for LTE self-organ-
izing network (SON) with T-Mobile in
Innsbruck, Austria. Through the solu-
tions ability to configure, optimize,
and recover automatically, the LTE
SON will offer operators operational
cost savings associated with network
planning, network deployment, and
network optimization. Using T-Mobiles
existing eNodeBs, the test aimed at ver-
ifying the functionality of automatic
neighbor relation in Huaweis SON
solution. The test result shows high
successful handover rate and demon-
strates that the SON solution is able to
automatically establish and optimize
the neighbor relations and satisfies
the requirement of future LTE com-
mercial networks. As network topol-
ogy changes, the LTE SON solution will
ensure a high level of network connec-
tivity and optimization of network-
wide performance.
||| 9

THE LTE HANDOVER TEST WAS THE FIRST TO BE FULLY
COMPLIANT WITH 3GPPS MARCH 2009 BASELINE
LTE STANDARD.
Alcatel-Lucent and LG Electronics
announced that the two companies
have completed a successful handoff
of an end-to-end data call between
LTE and CDMA mobile networks, com-
pliant with the standards established
by the 3GPP. The live, OTA handover
involved an uninterrupted streaming
video session conducted during test
drives in the New York metropolitan
area over Alcatel-Lucents end-to-end
commercial LTE and CDMA/evolution
data optimized (EV-DO) infrastruc-
ture using an LG Electronics CDMA/
LTE dual-mode device. The tests also
demonstrated a feature on CDMA/EV-
DO networks called evolved high-rate
packet data, which serves as an inter-
face to manage the seamless hand-
over of data services between the two
network types.
NEC Corporation announced what
it claims is the worlds smallest, all-in-
one compact LTE base station. NECs
new base station is mobile communi-
cations standards compliant and inte-
grates RE controller control functions
and RE transmission functions. It is
the industrys smallest base station,
measuring 420 mm width, 230 mm
height, and 130 mm depth. It weighs
12 kg, and with the removal of cooling
fans consumes 75% less power com-
pared with NECs existing W-CDMA
product range. The new product is
SON-managed, enabling efficient, eas-
ier, and faster deployment and opera-
tion of LTE at a much lower cost than
the previous 2G and 3G deployments.
Icera has announced it is the first
baseband chipset company to dem-
onstrate a dual-mode LTE/HSPA mo-
dem running on a commercial USB
data stick, showing LTE (5 MHz)/
HSPA handover, during an end-to-end
streaming HD video download. Iceras
advantage is to deliver multimode
LTE technology in software at no
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additional silicon cost. This was high-
lighted by the fact that the Icera
LTE/HSPA demos were run on commer-
cial HSPA USB data sticks, using
existing hardware platforms and
chipsets, simply with an LTE/HSPA
firmware upgrade.
Wavesat has launched its Odys-
sey 9000 family of LTE chipsets, with
the first LTE chipset featuring CAT-3
performance (100 Mb/s downlink
and 50 Mb/s uplink) for mobile devi-
ces, including USB dongles, data
cards, mobile handsets, and mobile
Internet devices. The Odyssey 9000
family of chipsets incorporates a
unique hybrid architecture with a
combination of highly efficient digital
signal processors (DSPs) and hard-
ware acceleration blocks, easily
scaling to support CAT-4 (150 Mb/s
downlink) devices. The first LTE
baseband processor in the Odyssey
9000 family comes complete with an
LTE protocol stack, as well as a ready
to manufacture reference design. A
follow-on dual-mode chip, the OD9050,
is scheduled to sample by mid-2010
and will offer both 3G and LTE on the
same chipset.
NTT DOCOMO, NEC Corporation,
Panasonic Mobile Communications Co.,
Ltd., and Fujitsu Limited announced
that they are making progress with
their joint development of LTE-PF, a
mobile-terminal platform based on
LTE. The four companies have com-
pleted the development of an LTE-PF
chipset engineering sample and are
now evaluating its main functions.
LTE-PF is a core system comprising
software for baseband processing and
other basic functions in mobile com-
munication devices. The platforms
technology is expected to be licensed
in mobile phone markets worldwide,
where its adoption as a common
platform will free manufacturers of
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2010
mobile phones and chipsets from
having to develop proprietary tech-
nologies for basic functions. The
LTE protocol on which LTE-PF is
based is currently being standar-
dized by the 3GPP. Seamless hand-
over is possible between LTE and
the current standards W-CDMA and
Global System for Mobile Communi-
cations (GSM).
Huawei unveiled the E398 modem,
which it claims is the worlds first tri-
ple-mode LTE modem compatible
with all three major network stan-
dards: LTE, UMTS, and GSM. The
triple-mode modem, based on Qual-
comms MDM9200TM chipset, also
supports multiple mainstream LTE
frequencies. The Huawei E398 modem
will be initially launched in the worlds
first LTE/GSM-shared network in Swe-
den operated by Net4Mobility, a joint
infrastructure venture between Tele2
Sweden and Telenor Sweden.
Motorola announced its newest
and highest capacity LTE solution,
the WBR 700 Series LTE eNodeB.
Motorolas new WBR 700 Series will
support FDD as well as LTE time divi-
sion duplex (TD-LTE) solutions in a
wide variety of frequencies from
700 MHz to 2.6 GHz. It boasts an LTE
baseband that has up to four times
the capacity of the average LTE
baseband currently on the market,
enabling the deployment of multiple
antenna schemes that support high-
er throughput to deliver superior mo-
bile broadband experiences.
AT&T, Orange, Telefonica, Telia-
Sonera, Verizon, Vodafone, Alcatel-
Lucent, Ericsson, Nokia Siemens
Networks, Nokia, Samsung Electron-
ics Co., Ltd., and Sony Ericsson have
jointly developed a technical profile
for LTE voice and SMS services, also
known as the one-voice initiative.
The profile defines an optimal set of
existing 3GPP-specified functional-
ities that all industry stakeholders,
including network vendors, service
providers, and handset manufac-
turers, can use to offer compatible
LTE voice solutions. Open collabora-
tive discussions have concluded that
the IMS-based solution, as defined by
the 3GPP, is the most applicable
approach to meet the consumers
expectations for service quality, reli-
ability, and availability when moving
from existing circuit switched teleph-
ony services to IP-based LTE serv-
ices. This approach will also open
the path to service convergence, as
IMS is able to simultaneously serve
broadband wireline and LTE wireless
networks. The objective of the initia-
tive is to ensure the widest possible
ecosystem for LTE and to avoid frag-
mentation of technical solutions.
Led by Alcatel-Lucent, the multi-
industry initiative known as the ng
Connect Programme has demonstrat-
ed the LTE Connected Car concept,
showcasing an in-vehicle LTE-en-
abled broadband connectivity. The
LTE Connected Car showcase was
developed through collaboration be-
tween Alcatel-Lucent, Atlantic Re-
cords, QNX Software Systems, Toyota
Motor Sales USA, Inc., chumby, and
Kabillion.
Huawei announced the deploy-
ment of what it claims is the worlds
first TD-LTE/SAE trial network for
China Mobile. This new network with
an actual download speed of up to 29
Mb/s will be used for 2010 Shanghai
World Expo. Huawei deployed the
TD-LTE radio access network and
SAE core network for China Mobile,
and delivered chipsets and terminals.
ZTE Corporation announced the
successful demonstration of its TD-
LTE network technology and achieved
a downlink speed of 130 Mb/s. ZTE
claims to be the first company to
reach the theoretical limit of TD-LTE
throughput in downlink. Using third-
party terminal testing tools, ZTE
conducted the tests using ZTE system
products, including EPC and eNodeB,
in Guangzhou in November 2009. ZTE
has created a simple and smooth
transition path for operators to move
to LTE through its mature and stable
SDR base stations. Networks can be
upgraded from TD synchronous-
CDMA (TD-SCDMA) to TD-LTE or to
TD-S/TD-LTE dual mode. In May 2010,
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THE SUCCESS OF THE VOICE CALLS AND SMS TEXTING
DEMONSTRATES THE VIABILITY OF THE ONE VOICE APPROACH
TO VOICE OVER LTE.
ZTE and China Mobile will jointly
deploy a TD-LTE network at the Expo
News Center for the World Expo
Shanghai 2010. Together with China
Mobile, Alcatel-Lucent also announced
it has successfully achieved peak rates
of more than 80 Mb/s downstream
using a single 20-MHz spectrum band.
China Mobile and Nokia Siemens
Networks conducted what they claim
is the worlds first TD-LTE femtocell
demonstration. Nokia Siemens Net-
works Beijing research team demon-
strated a live streaming video
downlink application using a com-
pact experimental Femtocell proto-
type in China Mobiles Research
Institute laboratory. The demonstra-
tion achieved throughputs, which
exceed the typical xDSL speed cur-
rently possible via residential broad-
band connections.
Motorola announced that it has
completed what it claims is the first
indoor OTA TD-LTE data sessions at
the network it is deploying for the
Expo Center for World Expo 2010
Shanghai China.
Research and Technology
Cambridge Consultants has launched
dual-domain uplink equalizer for LTE
(DUEL), a breakthrough technology
that the company claims significantly
improves LTE uplink performance
when compared with minimum mean
square error (MMSE), the text-book
receiver design. DUEL, designed as an
algorithmic and DSP extension to LTE
base station receiver designs, requires
no changes to handsets. The LTE
uplink single-carrier frequency-division
multiple access (SC-FDMA), arguably
where LTE is most novel, supports the
transfer of information from users ter-
minals to the network. Cambridge Con-
sultants patent pending DUEL receiver
improves the performance of the
uplink in all channel conditions, fill-
ing many of the holes that would oth-
erwise remain. Its unique and highly
complex algorithms take advantage
of properties of the LTE uplink signal to
reconstruct what was transmitted with
higher fidelity than a conventional text-
book receiver. As a result, it works well
even when the signals received by each
BS antenna are highly correlated. The
company has also developed a compre-
hensive test platform that includes a
conventional MMSE-based receiver
alongside the DUEL receiver to allow
their performance to be compared on
the same received signal. This test plat-
form uses a combination of devices
from picoChip and Cambridge Consul-
tants proprietary VIPER development
platform and includes a real-time
uplink transmitter and channel model,
which can be dynamically varied to
explore the performance benefits.
NTT DOCOMO and Fujitsu Limited
announced the development of two
technologies to detect and locate
silent failures in IP networks much
faster and more accurately than cur-
rently possible. The new technologies
will enable DOCOMO to significantly
shorten the time required to recover
from silent failures, which will sup-
port the eventual launch of extra high-
speed LTE services over DOCOMOs
emerging IP-based mobile network. A
silent failure occurs when a router in
an IP network fails, and data transmis-
sion is halted without the network
administrator being notified, since
routers cannot detect internal fail-
ures. Network operators can install
dedicated monitoring devices that
detect silent failures, but only by
continually transmitting test data
throughout the entire network and
then analyze the test results, making
||| 11

POWER AMPLIFIERS ARE USED IN MOBILE PHONES TO INCREASE
SIGNAL POWER UP TO LEVELS REQUIRED FOR WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION.
the process time consuming. One of
the two new technologies analyzes
data on not only test transmissions
but also loss rates and network delays,
which facilitates faster detection of
silent failures. It can also detect warn-
ing signs of silent failures that are pos-
sibly about to occur. The second
technology identifies the location of
silent failures in an efficient manner by
analyzing data only from routes over
which data are actually being transmit-
ted. In trials conducted on DOCOMOs
3G network, the technology identified
failure locations by up to 80% faster
than the conventional method.
Alcatel-Lucent announced that Bell
Labs, in cooperation with Deutsche
Telekom Laboratories, the Fraunhofer
Heinrich-Hertz Institut, and antenna
supplier Kathrein, has conducted what
they claim is the industrys first live
field tests of CoMP transmission, a
new technology that will increase
data transmission rates and help
ensure consistent service quality and
throughput on LTE wireless broad-
band networks and 3G networks. By
coordinating and combining signals
from multiple antennas, CoMP will
make it possible for mobile users to
enjoy consistent performance and
quality whether they are close to the
center of an LTE cell or at its outer
edges. The CoMP solution takes
advantage specifically of network
MIMO, a technique that reduces
interference in wireless networks
and increases efficiency by tightly
coordinating the transmission and
reception of signals at multiple
access points. The live tests were
carried out in a downtown area of
the German capital Berlin as part of
a joint research project sponsored
by the German Ministry for Educa-
tion and Research (BMBF) called FIGURE 1 DOCOMOs prototype mobile phone multi-
enablers for ambient services and band power amplifier.
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systems. Transmissions between mo-
bile devices and base stations during
the field tests made use of the 2.6-GHz
frequency band. Signals transmitted
from mobile devices were received by
two active remote radio heads de-
ployed on two buildings located 500 m
from one another, then forwarded
across an optical fiber link to a central
unit comprising the modem and con-
troller elements of an Alcatel-Lucent
LTE base station (eNodeB). The sig-
nals were then combined with one
another to increase the strength of
the signal. The configuration of this
solution differs from that of basic
MIMO primarily in the deployment
and positioning of antennas. In MIMO,
antennas involved in the solution are
deployed on a single site. CoMP inter-
connects antennas deployed at a
number of sites that are in proximity
to one another. Tight coordination of
the transmission and reception of
signals at these multiple access
points reduces interference and in-
creases efficiency.
NTT DOCOMO announced that it
has developed a prototype multi-
band power amplifier that accom-
modates eight frequency bands
between 700 MHz and 2.5 GHz, paving
the way for lightweight, all-in-one
mobile phones capable of standalone
110 mm
Amplifying Elements
35 mm
Input Output
Matching
Circuits
Initial Middle Final
Stage Stage Stage
wireless communications of different
standards, including LTE as well as
existing W-CDMA and GSM. Power
amplifiers are used in mobile phones
to increase signal power up to levels
required for wireless communication.
As conventional multiband phones
must employ a separate single-band
amplifier for each band, the sizes of
these phones will inevitably increase
to accommodate new frequency bands
for LTE services being launched in
markets worldwide, including Japan.
DOCOMOs new amplifier, which
offers gain and output power equiva-
lent to those of conventional single-
band amplifiers, paves the way for
multistandard mobile phones that are
generally no larger than existing mod-
els. It enables eight-band operation by
employing matching circuits whose
frequency characteristics are con-
trolled by multiple semiconductor
switches according to the required
frequency band (Figure 1).
Motorola announced that SP Aus-
Net, a leading Australian energy deliv-
ery company, has chosen Motorola
Home & Networks Mobility business
mobile broadband technology to
power what it claims is the worlds
first worldwide interoperability for
microwave access (WiMAX)-based
smart metering applications. Motor-
ola will provide SP AusNet with a wire-
less end-to-end infrastructure for its
smart metering program, which will
help to monitor and reduce electricity
usage for more than 680,000 custom-
ers in Victoria. Smart metering is a full
measurement and collection system
that includes customer meters,
communication networks, and
data management systems. Motor-
olas WiMAX application supports
wireless communications between
customers meters and the central
system, enabling the system to
record electricity consumption
measurements and remotely man-
age customer meters. Motorola will
supply and deploy WiMAX WAP
650 base stations operating at
2.3 GHz, access service network gate-
way and new microwave systems
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2010
to extend the wide area network
(WAN) to new coverage areas. The sys-
tem is based on a flat, all-IP architecture
that enables high-speed machine-to-
machine (M2M) communications.
NTT DOCOMO announced the
launch of the trial operation of a net-
work of environmental sensors that
measure pollen, carbon dioxide
(CO2), ultraviolet (UV) sunlight, and
other atmospheric conditions that
can affect human health and daily life.
DOCOMO will provide the data to
companies for use in various commer-
cial applications, such as weather
forecasting and other information
services, as well as to pharmaceutical
companies, health-care institutions,
and municipal governments for a vari-
ety of other purposes. The network of
sensors, the largest and densest of its
kind in Japan, will take advantage of
DOCOMOs existing mobile network
covering virtually the entire nation,
including both urban and rural areas.
By the start of the trial, DOCOMO will
have installed sets of environmental
sensors in 300 locations within the
Kanto region surrounding Tokyo and
bordering Shizuoka Prefecture. The
network is expected to be expanded
to 2,500 locations nationwide within
fiscal 2010 (ends March 2011) and
then eventually to 9,000 locations. Ini-
tially, the network will offer data on
pollen, followed later by data on CO2,
UV, and other atmospheric condi-
tions that will be offered in coopera-
tion with companies specialized in
such fields.
Texas Instruments has unveiled its
WiLink 7.0 single-chip solution, which
it claims is the industrys first offering
to integrate wireless local-area net-
working (WLAN) 802.11n, global posi-
tioning system (GPS), FM transmit/
receive and Bluetooth technologies.
Integrating these capabilities on a true
single chip, the 65-nm WiLink 7.0 solu-
tion reduces costs by 30%, reduces
size by 50%, and delivers superior
coexistence performance when com-
pared with todays existing solutions.
Motorola has launched what it
claims is the industrys most powerful
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802.11n transmit-radio with increased
receiver sensitivity. The AP-7131 is
currently available with two configura-
tion options for its third radio, which
can provide always-on Motorola AirDe-
fense Wireless Intrusion Prevention
System, rogue detection, and trouble-
shooting or offer 3G WAN backhaul.
Motorolas latest 802.11n adaptive AP
is a virtual network-in-a-box, allowing it
to offer full wireless and wired net-
working, mesh and security services in
a dependent or independent mode. In
adaptive mode, the AP 7131 combines
the benefits of central management
and site survivability to help reduce
the complexity of deployments in
remote offices. The powerful AP-7131
achieves its industry-leading coverage
in three ways. First, the aggregate
radio transmit power is increased
from 24.7 to 27.7 dBm, doubling the
output signal strength. Second, the
receiver sensitivity is improved to 96
dBm, allowing the AP to not only trans-
mit data to clients at further distances
but also receive data from them while
maintaining maximum quality of serv-
ice. Finally, Motorolas adaptive AP
uses a 3 3 3 antenna array with three
transmitter and receiver chains, pro-
viding an optimal MIMO configuration
for improved coverage and reliability.
Ericsson provided a live demon-
stration of what it claims is the
worlds first high-speed microwave
radio connection with a transporting
capacity of 2.5 Gb/s at GSMA Mobile
World Congress in Barcelona. The
2.5 Gb/s connection uses the new 70
80 GHz frequency band (E-band) to
transport high levels of data on the
air. Ericsson will release its first
product in the 7080 GHz frequency
band, supporting 1Gb/s during 2010.
Huawei announced that it has set
a new data rate record, averaging up
to 564 Kb/s, in a recent downlink dual
carrier test for enhanced data rate
for GSM evolution.
3.5G
Ericsson showcased at the Mobile
World Congress what it claims is the
worlds first demonstration of 84 Mb/s
HSPA technology. Also, the Operator
3 in Scandinavia announced that it has
chosen Ericsson for the rollout of its
84 Mb/s HSPA network. The rollout
covers all of Denmark and four major
cities in Sweden. First phase of the roll-
out starts first quarter 2010. Com-
mercial deployments of HSPA with 84
Mb/s can be expected for the first half
of 2011.
Australias Telstra has completed
the upgrade of its existing HSPA net-
work with Dual Carrier technology,
implemented by Ericsson. The move
boosts the peak downlink speeds on
its Next G network to 42 Mb/s, thanks
to the simultaneous use of two chan-
nels to send and receive data. The
operator has also launched a sup-
porting USB modem manufactured
by Sierra Wireless. Telstra has also
confirmed its plans to deploy HSPA
Dual Carrier plus MIMO technology in
2011, which will double the peak
downlink rates to 84 Mb/s.
Nokia Siemens Networks has dem-
onstrated an HSPA data call with a
peak throughput of 112 Mb/s. The call
was made using four base station
radio transceivers, or carriers, simul-
taneously for one data connection.
Network infrastructure with this tech-
nological enhancement is expected to
be commercially available by 2011.
The demonstration was conducted
using a Nokia Siemens Networks
commercial flexi multiradio base sta-
tion and test terminals provided by
Qualcomm. The demonstration by
Nokia Siemens Networks will combine
four HSPA carriers to increase per-
formance and peak rates. By balancing
data traffic between the four carriers
on the downlink connection, multi-
carrier technology enables better
speeds, better use of base station
resources, and higher spectrum effi-
ciency. The four-carrier technology
will be standardized in the 3GPP
Release 10. An HSPA network can
theoretically support speeds of
28 Mb/s or 42 Mb/s with a single
5-MHz carrier.
Nokia Siemens Networks has suc-
cessfully conducted what it claims is
||| 13
the worlds first call using a network
technology known as continuous
packet connectivity. Once incorpo-
rated into an operators HSPA radio
access network, CPC will enable 3G
users to enjoy significantly longer
device battery life. CPC can mean up
to 100% longer battery life when devi-
ces are used for data applications,
and up to 50% during voice calls. The
CPC data call was made using net-
work equipment from Nokia Siemens
Networks and a device supplied by
Qualcomm using the QSC6295 chip-
set. During extended HSPA data ses-
sions, there are typically long periods
of idle time between transmissions of
data packets, during which a device
continues to use its battery. The CPC
feature of 3GPP Release 7 uses the
discontinuous transmission and
reception method to shut down the
devices transmitter and receiver dur-
ing the idle phases to reduce power
consumption. It has no effect on the
actual data rates experienced by the
end-user.
Sferia, a telecommunications serv-
ice provider in Poland, and Huawei,
announced the launch of what they
claim is the worlds first HSPA evo-
lution commercial network in the 900
MHz band for Aero2. Through its
state-of-the-art 64 quadrature ampli-
tude modulation technology, Sferia/
Aero2s HSPA network is able to
achieve downlink peak data rates of
up to 21.6 Mb/s per user and more
than 60 Mb/s per base station.
ZTE Corporation and Qualcomm
announced that they have successfully
constructed and launched what it
claims is the worlds first commercial
EV-DO Rev.B network for Smart Tele-
com in Indonesia. The network has
been launched in Bali, where 48 CDMA
base stations have been upgraded to
EV-DO Rev.B commercial systems to
provide an average download speed of
8.6 Mb/s to a peak download speed of
9.3 Mb/s. ZTEs software-defined radio
(SDR) platform-based EV-DO Rev.B
system can smoothly evolve to LTE by
simply adding LTE baseband board
and upgrading software.
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According to forecasts by Informa
Telecoms & Media, there were 458
million UMTS-HSPA mobile broad-
band connections worldwide by the
end of 2009. This number is expected
to exceed 1 billion by 2013. The
Americas region plays a significant
role in the growth of HSPA mobile
broadband. As an early adopter of
HSPA technology, AT&T had a 21%
share of the global HSPA customer
base with more than 28.6 million
HSPA subscriptions, as of mid-2009.
Rogers Wireless in Canada and
T-Mobile USA were among the first 20
operators in the world to launch
HSPA offering mobile broadband
speeds up to peak theoretical down-
link throughput rates of 21 Mb/s. Cur-
rently, there are 35 commercial
HSPA networks worldwide and 3G
Americas expects the majority of
HSPA network operators to upgrade
their networks to HSPA. Forecasts
by Informa Telecoms & Media indi-
cate that there will be 3.2 billion
mobile broadband connections by
end of 2014. At that time, UMTS-
HSPA and LTE combined will com-
prise 84% share of market with 2.8 bil-
lion subscriptions, compared with
528 million EV-DO connections and
89 million WiMAX connections.
HSPA will total 1.76 billion of the
2.8 billion subscriptions.
Industry Forecasts
and Surveys
Strategy Analytics has announced
that global mobile handset ship-
ments grew 10% year over year to
reach 324 million units in Q4 2009.
According to the firm, this was the
markets first quarter of positive
growth since Q3 2008. However,
according to Infonetics Research, the
worldwide 2G and 3G mobile infra-
structure market, including radio
access network, mobile switching
subsystem, packet core, and home
location register equipment is down
9% year over year, from US$50.9 bil-
lion in 2008 to US$46.5 billion in 2009.
Berg Insight estimates that 1.4%
of the mobile network connections
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2010
worldwide were used for wireless
M2M communication at the end of
2009. The firm expects that in the next
five years, the total number of wireless
M2M connections will grow at a com-
pound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
25.6% to reach 187.1 million connec-
tions in 2014. The firm expects that, by
2014, M2M will represent 3.1% of the
total number of cellular connections.
In a different report, Juniper Research
estimates that the number of mobile-
connected M2M and embedded devi-
ces will rise to almost 412 million glob-
ally by 2014. The firm has identified
the main markets: utility metering,
mobile connected buildings, consumer
and commercial telematics, and retail
and banking connections.
IMS Research expects shipments
of consumer devices that can be
powered or charged wirelessly to
grow from just 1.5 million in 2009 to
almost 1 billion in 2019.
In-Stat estimates that the total
number of mobile voice-over IP (VoIP)
users will reach 288 million by the
end of 2013. More than half of this
will be associated with online mobile
VoIP providers, while below one
third will use mobile VoIP with the
3G mobile virtual network operators
or mobile operators, and 11% with
WiMAX/LTE operators. The firm also
expects that, by 2013, mobile VoIP
applications will generate annual rev-
enues of US$35.2 billion.
Coda Research Consultancy fore-
casts that mobile broadband search
and display advertising revenues in the
United States will grow to US$4.2 billion
in 2015, up from US$1 billion in 2010.
Revenues from search will rise to 70%
of all mobile ad revenues in 2015, with
a third derived from local search. The
firm also believes that users accessing
video via mobile phones will total 74
million in 2015, generating US$530 mil-
lion in subscriptions, and US$420 mil-
lion in advertising. Usage of mobile
phones for banking, including micro-
payments, will also grow at a CAGR of
40% to reach 79 million in 2015.
Nokia Siemens Networks predicts
that, by 2015, annual mobile data
traffic will reach 23 exabytes
equivalent to 6.3 billion people each
downloading a digital book every
day. In a different study, Allot Com-
munications has estimated that
worldwide mobile data bandwidth
usage increased by around 72% dur-
ing the second half of 2009. Applica-
tions such as YouTube and Skype
are driving this growth, although
HTTP streaming continues to be the
fastest growing application with a
99% increase.
Juniper Research estimates that
the number of enterprise customers
using mobile cloud-based applications
will rise to more than 130 million by
2014, facilitated by platform as a serv-
ice (PaaS) deployments from compa-
nies such as Google and Microsoft.
Bango has announced a 600%
growth in traffic to mobile Web sites.
The company analyzed traffic to a
range of mobile sites over the last 12
months, and found a 6 times increase
in the number of visits to mobile Web
sites from 2008 to 2009. The average
time on site measured for 2009 was
3 min, 21 s, compared with just over
one and half minutes in 2008. The
analysis also measured the average
number of pages viewed per visit at
five pages, up from just more than
two pages per visit in 2008.
U.S. Mobile Market
As part of the integrated public alert
and warning system (IPAWS), the
United Statess next generation of
emergency alert and warning net-
works, the Department of Homeland
Securitys Federal Emergency Man-
agement Agency, and the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC)
announced the adoption of the de-
sign specifications for the develop-
ment of a gateway interface that will
enable wireless carriers to provide
its customers with timely and accu-
rate emergency alerts and warnings
via their cell phones and other mobile
devices. The commercial mobile-alert
system (CMAS) is one of many proj-
ects within IPAWS intended to pro-
vide emergency managers and the
JUNE 2010 | IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE
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THE CMAS IS A COMBINED EFFORT OF THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT AND CELLULAR PROVIDERS TO DEFINE A
COMMON STANDARD FOR CELLULAR ALERTS.
president of the United States a
means to send alerts and warnings to
the public. Specifically, CMAS pro-
vides federal, state, territorial, tribal,
and local government officials the
ability to send 90 character geo-
graphically targeted text messages to
the public regarding emergency alert
and warning of imminent threats to
life and property, amber alerts, and
presidential emergency messages.
The CMAS is a combined effort of the
federal government and cellular pro-
viders to define a common standard
for cellular alerts. Wireless carriers
who choose to participate in the
CMAS will relay authorized text-
based alerts to their subscribers. To
ensure that persons with disabilities
who subscribe to wireless services
receive these emergency alerts, the
FCC has adopted rules in 2008 that
will require participating wireless
carriers to transmit messages with
both vibration cadence and audio-
attention signals.
The FCC adopted an order and
further notice of proposed rulemak-
ing, prohibiting the further distribu-
tion and sale of devices that operate
in the 700 MHz frequency. This action
helps complete an important compo-
nent of the DTV transition by clearing
the 700 MHz band to enable the roll-
out of communications services for
public safety and the deployment of
next-generation 4G wireless devices
for consumers. The order will pri-
marily impact the use of wireless
microphone systems that currently
operate in the 700 MHz band. These
unlicensed devices cannot continue
to operate in this band because they
may cause harmful interference to
public safety entities and next-gener-
ation consumers devices that will be
using the 700 MHz frequency.
The Wireless Association an-
nounced the findings of its semian-
nual industry survey. Wireless data
service revenues showed impressive
year-to-year gains, climbing to more
than US$19.4 billion for the first half of
2009. This represents a 31% increase
over the first half of 2008. Wireless
data revenues were more than 25% of
all wireless service revenues. The sur-
vey found that more than 246 million
data-capable devices are in the hands
of consumers today. More than 40 mil-
lion of these devices are smartphones
or wireless-enabled personal digital
assistants, and more than 10 million
are wireless-enabled laptops, note-
books, or aircards. According to the
survey, text messaging continues to
be enormously popular, with more
than 740 billion text messages carried
on carriers networks during the first
half of 2009. More than 10.3 billion
multimedia messaging system mes-
sages were also reported for the first
half of 2009, up from 4.7 billion in mid-
2008. Wireless customers used more
than 1.1 trillion minutes in the first
half of 2009. As of June 2009, the
industry survey recorded more than
276 million wireless users, which rep-
resents a year-over-year increase of
nearly 14 million subscribers.
Other News
Finlands radio spectrum auction for
the 2,5002,690 MHz band has con-
cluded with the winning bids for FDD
spectrum corresponding to Elisa,
TeliaSonera Finland, and DNA. The
TD duplex (TDD) spectrum was
awarded to Pirkanmaan Verkko.
The International Telecommuni-
cation Union (ITU) has received six
candidate technology submissions
for the International Mobile Telecom-
munications-Advanced standard, with
||| 15
final selection expected in October
2010. The six proposals are aligned
around the 3GPP LTE Release 10 and
beyond (LTE-Advanced) technology,
and the IEEE 802.16m technology.
China Mobile completed The
Green Roof of the World project.
Solar energy and wind power are
available now in at least 1,000 power
sites in western China, at an average
height of 4,000 m above sea level.
Compared with coal-fired power
plants, 4,400 tons of standard coal are
saved each year with a corresponding
reduction of SO2 92.8 tons, 14,504
tons of CO2 emissions, and 1,080 tons
of soot. This promotion of new energy
is an important content of China
Mobiles Green Action Plan. By the
end of June 2009, 1,156 solar power
sites had been built on the Qinghai-
Tibet Plateau, forming the worlds
largest solar power site group. Nearly
80% of the 1,000 base transceiver sta-
tion sites in this area are using solar
power now. The installed solar power
capacity of China Mobile in the Qing-
hai-Tibet Plateau totals 10,000 kW,
with an annual generation capacity of
approximately 20 million kWh. In
2009, China Mobile enlarged the appli-
cation scope of solar and wind power
by building an additional 1,000 solar
power sites.
Alcatel-Lucent, Solaris Mobile, and
towerCast announced what they claim
is the first satellite broadcast infra-
structure to demonstrate the potential
services of mobile TV, digital radio,
and data using digital video broadcast-
ing satellite service to handhelds
(DVB-SH) standard to be deployed in
Paris and surrounding suburbs. Alca-
tel-Lucent will provide the DVB-SH
network integration and terrestrial
repeaters that are installed on the four
towerCast sites. Eutelsat will provide
the channel multiplex platform to sup-
ply the terrestrial repeaters. The
same channels will also be distributed
directly by the W2A satellite to mobile
devices. Solaris Mobile has equipped
vehicles using the industry players of
the DVB-SH: the antennas are designed
by the company Calearo, receptors
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are produced by the Quantum, and
they incorporate a chip DVB-SH de-
veloped by the company Dibcom.
The DVB-SH standard is a European
standard and part of the DVB family. It
is an evolution of DVB-T and DVB-H.
As a hybrid system DVB-SH enables
direct reception of multimedia content
both via satellite and complementary
terrestrial repeaters.
Eurotunnel has selected Alcatel-
Lucent to modernize the communica-
tions infrastructure in the Channel
Tunnel. The new equipment will be
operational in 2012 in time for the
Olympic Games in London. Alcatel-
Lucent will deploy its Global System
for Communicationsrailway (GSM-R)
solution across the entire Eurotunnel
network, improving voice and data
communications for operations staff
and enabling better service for cus-
tomers. Among the important
applications enabled by the new
communications system are track to
train radio communications between
the Railway Control Centre and the
train driver, and communications
recording. GSM-R is a key component
of the European rail traffic manage-
ment system, a European standard
that ensures cross-border train con-
trol and command. Huawei also
announced its selection by UGL
Limited, Australias largest rail engi-
neering company, to be the sole sup-
plier of technology and equipment
and deliver its GSM-R solution for Rail-
Corps radio communications upgrades
to the metropolitan rail network in
New South Wales.
The Enterprise Mobility Solutions
business of Motorola announced the
successful completion of Project 25
(P25) interoperability testing using
Project25 inter-RFsubsystem inter-
face (P25 ISSI) gateways to communi-
cate between a Motorola ASTRO 25
system and P25 systems from five
other leading mission critical commu-
nications manufacturers, including
PlantCML-EADS, Etherstack, Harris
Corporation, PowerTrunk, and Ray-
theon Company. These six industry
leaders demonstrated another new
IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2010
milestone in interoperability with the
successful testing of interoperable
communications between the Motor-
ola ISSI.1 Network Gateway and ISSI
Gateways from the five other manu-
facturers. The testing occurred using
a Motorola ASTRO 25 system con-
nected over an ISSI interface to
Project 25 systems from each of the
other five leading manufacturers of
public safety equipment. Each system
was tested separately and successful
P25 ISSI wireline interoperability was
achieved using each manufacturers
P25 ISSI gateway.
Nokia has announced that, since
the 21 January 2010 launch of the
new version of Ovi Maps with free
walk and drive navigation, there have
been more than 1.4 million down-
loads. The 1 million mark was re-
ached just one week after the launch.
All new Nokia GPS-enabled smart-
phones include the new version of
Ovi Maps, preloaded with local
country map data, with high-end
walk and drive navigation and access
to Lonely Planet and Michelin travel
guides at no extra cost. Ovi Maps
covers more than 180 countries with
car and pedestrian navigation for 74
countries, in 46 languages, and traffic
information for more than 10 coun-
tries. There are more than 6,000 3-D
landmarks for 200 cities around the
world. The maps are available for
download at www.nokia.com/maps.
According to the ITUs latest sta-
tistics, published in The World in
2009: ICT facts and figures, mobile
growth is continuing unabated, with
global mobile subscriptions expected
to reach 4.6 billion by the end of
2009, and mobile broadband sub-
scriptions to top 600 million in 2009,
having overtaken fixed broadband
subscribers in 2008. ITU expects the
number of mobile cellular subscrip-
tions globally to reach 5 billion in
2010. However, ITUs statistics also
highlight important regional dis-
crepancies, with mobile broadband
penetration rates still low in many
African countries and other develop-
ing nations.