NO Type Definition Description Scheme

1 Hardness Hardness is the resistenace of It is the property of a metal, which

material to localized gives it the ability to resist being
deformation permanently deformed (bent,
broken or shape change), when a
load is applied.

2 Elasticity Elasticity is the tendency Solid objects will deform when

u
of solid materials to adequate forces are applied on f
f
return to their original them. If the material is elastic, the y
y
shape after being object wil return to its initial shape
deformed. and size when these forces are
remove.

e
3 Plasticity Plasticity is the A solid piece of metal being bent
u
property by which a or pounded into a new shape f
f
metal retains its displays plasticity as permanent y
y
deformation changes occur within the material
permanently, when the itself.
external force applied
on it is released.
e
4 Yield strength The ability of metal to bear The transition from elastic
u
gradual progressive force behavior to plastic behavior f
f
without permanent y
y
deformation.

e
5 Ultimate the capacity of a material or Applied a load F reaches a
u
strength structure to withstand loads maximum value, and engineering f
f
tending to elongate, as opposed stress. y
y
to compressive strength, which
withstands loads tending to
reduce size.

e
6 Fatigue Fatigue is the of material Fatigue occurs when a material is
weakening or breakdown of subjected to repeated loading and
equipment subjected to unloading.
stress, especially a
repeated series of stresses

7 Fracture Fracture Toughness is the
ability of metal to resist
fracture
Spectrum loading
When a huge external force is
applied on metal, the metal will
experience a fracture u
f

e
8 Creep/ cold Is permanent elongation of When a metal is subjected to a
flow a component under a static constant force at a high
load maintained for a temperature below its yield
period of time point, for a prolonged period of
time, it undergoes a permanent
deformation

Strain as a function of time due to constant

stress over an extended period for a
viscoelastic material.
9 Damping The ability of a material to tends to reduce the amplitude of a
absorb energy by vibrating structure by molecular
converting mechanical interactions inside the solid phase
energy to heat of a porous material.

10 Wear resistance Material resist in losing of Due to hard against and moving
material from a surface by protuberances forced against and
means of some mechanical moving along a solid surface
action
11 Spalling A process of metallic
surface failure in which
the metal is broken down
into small flakes(spalls)
from a larger solid body
12 Ballistic Ballistic characteristics are
performance the ability to withstand
collisions from projectiles
that travel at very high
speeds
13 Brittleness The tendency of
material to fracture or
fail upon the application
of a relatively small
amount of force, impact
or shock
14 Ductility Ductility is the property by
which a metal can be drawn
into thin wires.
Occurs for many reasons, such as
when another material impacts it at
a high speed resulting in chipping
the material, or due to corrosion,
weathering, cavitation or excessive
rolling resistance
that deals with the
launching, flight, behavior, and
effects of projectiles,
especially bullets, unguided
bombs, rockets, or the like; the
science or art of designing and
accelerating projectiles so as to
achieve a desired performance.
A material is brittle if, when
subjected to stress, it breaks
without significant plastic
deformation. Brittle materials
absorb relatively little energyprior
to fracture, even those of
high strength
It is determined by percentage
elongation and percentage
reduction in the area of metal
15 Malleability Malleability is the
property by which a
metal can be rolled
into thin sheets.
16 Resilience Resilience is the ability of
metal to absorb energy and
resist soft and impact load.
A metal's malleability can be
measured by how much pressure
(compressive stress) it can
withstand without
breaking. Differences in
malleability amongst metals are
due to variances in their crystal
structures.

The area under the linear portion of a stress-

strain curve is the resilience of the material
17 Stiffness Stiffness is the ability of When an external force is
applied on metal, it develops an
metal to resist
internal resistance. The
deformation under internal resistance developed
per unit area is called stress.
stress

18 Impact Impact strength is the It is a complex

strength resistance of a material to characteristic which
fracture under dynamic takes into account both
load. the toughness and
strength of a material.
19 toughness