Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL

Modern Analytical Chemistry

PAPER 3
1. Describe a chromatographic technique used to identify the amino acids formed when a protein is
hydrolysed.
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(Total 4 marks)

2. Identify one analytical technique, different in each case, which can be used to obtain the following
information about a molecule.
Information Analytical technique
Number of different hydrogen environments
Types of functional group

Molecular mass

(Total 2 marks)

3. The infrared spectra of propanoic acid and methyl ethanoate contain absorptions in characteristic
wavenumber ranges. Using Table 18 in the Data Booklet, identify:
(a) two wavenumber ranges common to both compounds.
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(1)
(b) one wavenumber range found only in the spectrum of one compound.
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(1)
(Total 2 marks)

4. Identify one analytical technique, different in each case, that can be used to obtain the following
information:
Information Analytical technique

Isotopic composition of an element

Functional groups present in an organic compound

3+
Concentration of Fe ions in industrial waste waters
(Total 3 marks)
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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
5. (a) The diagram below represents the principal parts of a double beam infrared spectrometer.

A
B
S
M

D
C

(i) Name the parts labelled A, B, and C.

A: ................................................................................................................................

B: ................................................................................................................................

C: ................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Describe the function of the monochromator, M.
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(1)
(iii) Explain how the detector, D, works.
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(2)
(b) State and explain what happens to a molecule when it absorbs infrared radiation.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

6. (a) Each of the infrared absorptions A, B and C is produced by one of the compounds I, II and III.
Deduce which compound is responsible for each absorption, and identify the bond causing the
absorption.
I II III
N H 2
O H
H C H 2

C C
C H 3 H

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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
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wavenumbers in cm
3500 3300 3100 1800 1700 1600 1800 1700 1600

A B C
Absorption Compound Bond
A
B
C
(5)
(b) Identify which of the absorptions, A, B or C, indicates the greatest amount of energy, giving a
reason for you choice.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

7. Compound A, with the molecular formula C3H6O has this infrared spectrum.

W a v e n u m b e r s ( c m 1)

(a) (i) Use Table 18 in the Data Booklet to list four classes of compounds that have absorptions
1
near 1700 cm .
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(1)
(ii) Identify which of the classes listed in part (a)(i) could not have the molecular formula C3H6O.

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(1)
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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
(b) The mass spectrum of compound A has prominent peaks at m/z = 15 and 29.
(i) Deduce the formula of the species responsible for each peak.
m/z = 15 ......................................................................................................................

m/z = 29 ......................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Deduce the structure of compound A.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)

8. Paper chromatography and column chromatography can be used as examples to explain the difference
between adsorption and partition. For each of these chromatographic techniques, identify
the stationary and mobile phases
how the mobile phase moves.
Identify, with a reason, which of the two techniques is more suitable for collecting samples of a
mixture for further analysis.
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(Total 5 marks)

9. There are four structural isomers that are alcohols with the formula C 4H9OH.
(a) Explain why the infrared spectra of all four alcohols show very similar absorptions around 3350
1 1
cm and 2900 cm .
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(2)
(b) Describe how these alcohols can be distinguished using their infrared spectra.
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(1)
(c) Explain why the mass spectra of all four alcohols show a peak at m/z = 74.
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(1)
(d) Suggest the formulas of the fragments formed from C4H9OH with the following m/z values:

m/z = 57 .................................................................................................................................

m/z = 45 .................................................................................................................................
(2)
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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
1
(e) The numbers of peaks, and the areas under them, in the H NMR spectra of these alcohols can
be used to identify them.
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(i) Explain why the H NMR spectrum of (CH3)2CHCH2OH has four peaks. Predict the ratio
of the areas under the peaks.
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(2)
1
(ii) Deduce the structure of the alcohol whose H NMR spectrum has two peaks with areas in
the ratio 9:1.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)

10. Identify two effects of the absorption of infrared radiation on the bonds in a molecule of carbon dioxide.
Explain why an oxygen molecule does not absorb infrared radiation.
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(Total 3 marks)

11. (a) (i) Explain why the mass spectrum of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane shows molecular ion peaks
at m/z values of 92 and 94 in the ratio 3:1.
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(2)
(ii) Suggest the formulas of the species with the following m/z values in this spectrum:
m/z = 77 ......................................................................................................................

m/z = 57 ......................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Predict the m/z values of the three main molecular ion peaks in dichloromethane.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

12. Compounds A and B are alcohols with the molecular formula C3H8O. The following information was
obtained from a mass spectrum of each alcohol.
A: peaks at m/z = 29, 31, 60
B: peaks at m/z = 45, 60
(a) Deduce the formula of the species responsible for the peak at m/z = 60.
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(1)

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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
(b) Deduce the formula of the species with m/z = 31.
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(1)
(c) Deduce the structure of each alcohol.
Structure of A

Structure of B

(2)
(Total 4 marks)

13. The figure below shows the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and the two regions nearest to it.
v is ib le

A B

in c re a s in g w a v e le n g th

(a) Name the regions labelled A and B, identify the atomic or molecular processes associated with
each region and compare the energies of the radiation involved in these processes
Region A ...............................................................................................................................

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Region B ................................................................................................................................

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(5)
(b) State, giving a reason, which region (A or B) could be used to test for metal ions.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

14. (a) State the main use of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
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(1)
(b) Ore samples may be analysed for iron using AAS. An ore sample was prepared in acid and
diluted to 1 part in 10. The diluted solution gave an absorbance reading of 0.80. Determine the
3
concentration of iron in the sample in mg cm .

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Revision 1 IB Chemistry SL
1 .2 0

1 .0 0

0 .8 0

A b s o rp tio n
0 .6 0

0 .4 0

0 .2 0

0 .0 0
0 50 100 150 200
C o n c e n tra tio n / g c m 3

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(2)
(c) Describe the use of each of the following components of the AA spectrophotometer.
Atomizer ................................................................................................................................

Monochromatic light source ..................................................................................................

(Total 5 marks)