COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 2 2008 / 2009

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Hons)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Hons)

SUBJECT CODE : EEEB453 & EECB353

SUBJECT : Communication System

DATE : 31 March 2009

TIME : 2.30pm 5.30pm (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions in EIGHT (8) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.

4. Write answer to each question on a new page.

5. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 9 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.
QUESTION 1 [30 marks]

a) A high quality audio analog signal with spectral content of up to 10 kHz is

sampled at the Nyquist rate with a resolution of 9 bits using linear quantization in
the range of 0 5.12 volt.

i) Determine the quantization interval. [2 marks]

ii) What is the data rate produced by this source? [2 marks]

iii) What is the signal-to-quantization error? [1 mark]

iv) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth. [1 mark]

v) Explain two effects of utilizing a higher sampling rate? [4 marks]

vi) What is the binary code for the analog sample voltage of 1V and 1.63V?
[2 marks]
vii) What is the analog sample voltage for the binary code of 000011100 and
100010001?
[2 marks]
viii) An improvement of SQR by 25dB can be achieved for a non-linear
quantization. If the non-linear quantization is used, what data rate will be
produced by this source if we want the SQR to be almost constant for all
signal levels?
[2 marks]
ix) Propose two techniques to minimize slope overload in delta modulation and
explain them.
[4 marks]
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

b) The A-law compression equations are shown below.

1 AVin 1 V
Vmax 1 ln for in 1
1 ln A Vmax A Vmax
Vout
V A Vin Vin 1
for 0
1 ln A Vmax
max
Vmax A

For a compressor with A = 87.6 and a maximum input voltage of 6V,

determine;

i) The gain for Vin = Vmax, Vin = 0.8Vmax, Vin = 0.6 Vmax and Vin = 0.3Vmax.
[4 marks]
ii) The compressed output voltages for each of the input voltages.
[2 marks]
iii) The dynamic range (DR) in dB before compression.
[1 mark]
iv) The dynamic range (DR) in dB after compression.
[1 mark]
v) Find the expanded voltage gain for all input.
[2 marks]

Page 3 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

QUESTION 2 [25 marks]

a) The fundamental building block for most TDM systems begins with DS-0 channel
(digital signal level 0). For a DS-0 single-channel PCM system with a sampling
rate of 8 kHz and an eight-bit compressed PCM code, determine the line speed for
a single channel PCM system. [2 marks]

b) Provide two advantages of statistical TDM compared to synchronous TDM.

[2 marks]
c) A TDM system will accommodate 6 sources with the following specification:
Source 1: analog, 2 kHz bandwidth
Source 2: analog, 4 kHz bandwidth
Source 3-6: digital, 11.8 kbps synchronous

Suppose the analog sources are converted to digital using 4-bit PCM word and
using at least two commutators:

i) Design a suitable multiplexing scheme for this purpose.

[4 marks]
ii) What are the commutators frequencies in rotation per second?
[2 marks]
iii) What is the total output bit rate?
[1 mark]

d) The information in four 5 kHz channels are frequency division multiplexed into
a single 20 kHz combined channel using single-sideband suppressed carrier
technique where the upper sideband is suppressed. The first channel carrier
frequency is at 100 kHz:

i) Draw the circuit diagram of your design. You need to draw every component
indicating their respective subcarrier including the output spectrum of each
component.
[5 marks]

Page 4 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

ii) Draw the output frequency spectrum of the multiplexed design. (Label all the
pertinent frequency)
[2 marks]
iii) What is the function of the guard band in the FDM system?
[1 mark]

e) Consider a CDMA system for user A, B and C which have individual channel
waveforms as shown in Figure 1. All users using DSSS with a spreading code of 6
bits.

User A

User B

User C

Figure 1

i) If user A and B send 0 bits and user C send 1 bit simultaneously, find the
resulting sequence.
[4 marks]
ii) Prove that sequence A and B are orthogonal.
[2 marks]

Page 5 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

QUESTION 3 [15 marks]

a) A digital broadcast television system is using 3 bits per signal element. What is
the minimum permissible SNR in dB to get the maximum bit rate?
[2 marks]
b) The waveform in Figure 2 below was modulated using QPSK. The output
waveform equation is given by ( + the) output phase for each
, and
binary input is given by Table 1. Given the time of one signalling element is
0.2ms:

Figure 2

Table 1

Binary Input Output phase

00 0
01 /2
11
10 3/2

i) Determine the original binary data sequence.

[2 marks]
ii) Determine the bit rate and the baud rate.
[2 marks]
iii) Determine the lower and upper side frequency.
[2 marks]

Page 6 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

c) The waveform in Figure 3 was encoded using bipolar RZ. Time to transmit 1 bit is
500s.

Figure 3

i) Explain 2 advantages using bipolar RZ compared to unipolar NRZ encoding.

[2 marks]
ii) What is the input binary stream?
[11 mark]
iii) Draw the waveform for the sequence if it is encoded using Differential
Manchester and Bipolar RZ-AMI and determine their bandwidth.
[44 marks]

Page 7 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

QUESTION 4 [20 marks]

a) State 2 advantages of frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) over direct-

sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). Explain them.
[2 marks]
b) Barker codes 1110010 is used to spread each data bit in a DSSS system. For a
data stream 1001 with symbol duration, Ts of 1s;

i) Determine the processing gain. [1 mark]

ii) Draw the spread signal using unipolar NRZ signaling technique, if XOR is

used to spread the code. [2 marks]

iii) Draw the spectrum of data signal. Label the bit rate. [2 marks]

iv) The spread signal is modulated with 2.5 GHz carrier. Draw the spectrum of

the spread signal. Label all frequencies. [2 marks]

c) Table 2 below shows the operation of an FHSS system for one period of PN
sequence.
Table 2
Time(1s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Input Data 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
PN seq 001 010 000 110 100
Freq seq f8 f5 f 10 f 12 f3 f2 f 25 f 28 f 18 f 19

i) Determine the bit rate, baud rate and chip rate. [3 marks]

ii) What type of FHSS is used and explain your answer. [2 marks]

iii) What is the total number of possible carrier frequencies? [1 mark]

iv) If the same PN sequence is used to spread the input data of

10111000101101111000, what is the frequency sequence? [3 marks]

v) What type of modulator used in this system? Explain your answer?

[2 marks]

Page 8 of 9
 EEEB453 & EECB353, Sem 2 2008/2009

QUESTION 5 [10 marks]

Using the following observed probabilities of occurrence of symbols shown in

Table 3;
Table 3
Symbol N P U I -
probabilities 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.15

a) Construct the Huffman code tree and obtain the code for each symbol. (Note
that when this was encoded, the Huffman tree consistently labelled left edges
with 1). [4 marks]

i) Encode the text INI-UIP using the code.

[1 mark]
ii) Decode the text whose encoded text is

000011101000110111010 [2 marks]

iii) Find Huffman code length for each symbol.

[1 mark]
iv) Find its average word length.
[1 mark]
v) Find the efficiency and redundancy.
[1mark]

- END OF QUESTION PAPER -

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