Instructions for using Texas Instruments BA II Plus Calculator

by Joel Barber
RECOMMENDED INITIAL SETTINGS
Note: An expression in brackets [ ] is a calculator key. [UP] is up arrow (third
key first row), and [DOWN] is down arrow.
1. Set Decimal Places to four. Press [2nd] [Format ][ 4] [2nd] [Set] [Enter] [2nd]
[Quit].
2. Choose Algebraic Operating System (AOS). Press [2nd] [Format] [UP ][ UP][UP][UP]
[2nd] [Set] [Enter] [2nd] [Quit].
3. Set Payments per Year (P/Y) to one. Press [2nd] [P/Y] [1] [Enter] [2nd] [Quit].
4. Check if Payments are End-of-Year: Press [2nd] [BGN]. If display reads A END @.
you = re all set. Exit by pressing [2nd] [Quit]. If display reads A BGN. @ press
[2nd] [Set], so that display reads A END @. Then exit by pressing [2nd] [Quit].
TIME VALUE OF MONEY PROBLEMS
A. Present and Future Value of a Lump Sum
Define N = Number of Payments, I/Y = Interest Rate, PV = Present Value, PMT =
Payment, and FV = Future Value. These definitions correspond to the third row of
keys on your calculator. In lump-sum problem, we are given three of four possible
inputs (N, I/Y, PV, and FV) and are asked to solve for the one not given.
To make matters concrete, assume N = 10, I/Y = 6%, PV = $ -1, and FV = $1.7908.
First, clear calculator: Press [2nd] [CLR TVM].
1. Future Value: Input 10 [N], 6 [I/Y], and 1[+/-] [PV]. Press [CPT] [FV].
2. Present Value: Input 10 [N], 6 [I/Y], and 1.7908 [FV]. Press [CPT] [PV].
3. Interest Rate: Input 10 [N], 1[+/-] [PV], and 1.7908 [FV]. Press [CPT] [I/Y].
4. Number of Periods: Input 6 [I/Y], 1[+/-] [PV], 1.7908 [FV]. Press [CPT] [N].
B. Present Value Annuity Problems
In a present value annuity problem, we are given three of four possible inputs (N,
I/Y, PMT, and PV) and are asked to solve for the one not given. For example, you
may be given the Number of Payments (N), the Interest Rate (I/Y), and the Present
Value (PV) of a loan, and ask to solve for the periodic Payment (PMT). Imagine all
the different possible combinations and interpret each one as a financial problem.
Assume N = 5, I/Y = 8%, PMT = $ -1, and PV = $ 3.9927. Clear: [2nd] [CLR TVM].
1. Present Value: Input 5 [N], 8 [I/Y ]. and 1[+/-] [PMT]. Press [CPT] [PV].
2. Payment: Input 5 [N], 8 [I/Y ]. and 3.9927 [PV]. Press [CPT] [PMT].
3. Interest Rate: Input 5 [N], 1[+/-] [PMT], 3.9927 [PV]. Press [CPT] [I/Y]. This
is the interest rate implicit in the cash flow stream and the PV. It is the
Internal Rate of Return of the annuity.
4. Number of Payments: Input 8 [I/Y], 1[+/-] [PMT], and 3.9927 [PV].
Press [CPT] [N].
C. Future Value Annuity Problems
Assume N = 5, I/Y = 8%, PMT = $ -1, and FV = $ 5.8666. Clear: [2nd] [CLR TVM].
1. Future Value: Input 5 [N], 8 [I/Y ]. and 1 [+/-] [PMT]. Press [CPT] [FV].
2. Payment: Input 5 [N], 8 [I/Y ]. and 5.8666 [FV]. Press [CPT] [PMT].
3. Interest Rate: Input 5 [N], 1[+/-] [PMT], 5.8666 [FV]. Press [CPT] [I/Y].
4. Number of Payments: Input 8 [I/Y], 1[+/-] [PMT], and 5.8666 [FV].
Press [CPT] [N].
D. Present Value Mixed Stream Problems
Define CF0 as the date zero cash flow, CF1 as the date one cash flow, etc. We adopt
the convention that cash inflows are positive and outflows are negative. Further,
the price of an asset is treated as a cash outflow at date zero. The NPV (Net
Present Value) is the present value of the cash flow stream including CF0 at the
rate of interest i. The IRR (internal rate of return) is the interest rate at which
the NPV is zero.
Assume the cash flows consist of $ -8, $4, and $5 at dates zero, one, and two. Here
are the instructions for inputting this cash flow stream into your calculator:
Press [CF] [2nd] [CLR Work] 8 [+/-] [Enter], [DOWN] 4 [enter], [DOWN] [DOWN] 5
[enter].
You can review the cash flows by pressing [DOWN], while in the cash flow entry
mode.
Assume NPV = $0 and i = 7.9156%. Enter cash flow stream described above.
1. NPV: Input Cash Flow Stream. Press [NPV] 7.9156 [Enter] [ 9 ][ CPT].
2. IRR: Input Cash Flow Stream. Press [IRR] [CPT].
E. Intraperiod Compounding
Define i as the annual rate of interest compounded m times per year. Then in all
calculations described above use ip = i /m as the periodic interest rate. N is
still the number periods. For example, if i = 12% compounded monthly for 10 years,
then ip = 1% and N = 10 x 12 = 120. Another approach, which I strongly recommend
against, is to change the payments per year (P/Y) setting on your calculator.
Remember if you change this setting all future calculations will be based upon the
new setting.
F. Bond Problems
In a bond problem, we are given four of five possible inputs (N, I/Y, PMT, PV. FV)
and are asked to solve for the one not given. For example, you may be given the
Number of
Payments (N), the coupon paymen (PMT), and the bond price (PV). and Face Value (FV)
and ask to solve forthe Interest Rate (I/Y). Imagine all the different possible
combinations and interpret each one
as a financial problem.
Suppose you wish to solve for the yield to maturity on a five-year bond with an $8
coupon and $100 face value selling for $100.
1. Yield to Maturity: Input 5 [N], 8 [PMT], -100 [PV], and 100 [FV]. Press [CPT]
[I/Y].
2. Price: Input 5 [N], 8 [I/Y ]. 8 [PMT], and 100 [FV]. Press [CPT] [PV].
Semiannual Interest (10 periods half-year periods)
1. Yield to Maturity: Input 10 [N], 4 [PMT], -100 [PV], and 100 [FV]. Press [CPT]
[I/Y]. Result is rate over six months, and so double number to obtain annual rate
compounded semiannually.
2. Price: Input 5 [N], 4 [I/Y ]. 4 [PMT], and 100 [FV]. Press [CPT] [PV].