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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
*G.C.Sowparnika,PG Student
**A.Sivalingam, Associate Professor
***M.Thrumarimurugan, Associate Professor & Head
*Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore, India.
** Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore, India.
*** Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore, India.
ABSTRACT
DC-DC converters are switched power converters. They are used to convert one DC voltage to
another. Boost converters are inordinately used in industry as well as in research. The model of the
converter system varies from ON state to OFF state. The major drawback is the unlimited supply of
voltage and current. Hence a MPC is implemented to produce a constant voltage with varying input
supply. The performance of MPC is further improved using NARMA-L2 control as shown in the
simulation results in MATLAB.
Keywords: converters, industry, MPC, performance, simulation, voltage.
INTRODUCTION
DC-DC boost converters usually provide variations in output voltage with respect to input
voltage. The free supply of voltage and current leads to malfunctioning of the boost
converter. Control techniques such as analog and digital methods are used [1].
DC-DC converters are intrinsically non-linear circuits and it is difficult to obtain accurate
models which influences dynamic behaviour. The DC-DC converter inputs are generally
unregulated DC voltage input and the required outputs should be a constant or fixed voltage.
Application of a voltage regulator is that it should maintains a constant or fixed output
voltage irrespective of variation in load current or input voltage.
Boost converters are widely used for power monitoring of the renewable energy sources
such as solar cell, wind mills, wind generators and fuel cell systems. Because of these
advantages boost converters are more extensively used in industrial applications.
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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
Generally, DC-DC boost converters consist of power electronic circuits and semiconductor
devices which act as the switch control for the system. In this article, the responses of the
MPC and NARMA-L2 control are determined using MATLAB [2].
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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
C=
(5)
Io = desired output current
D = duty cycle
fs = switching frequency
= output ripple voltage
= inductor ripple current
ESR = equivalent series resistance of the capacitor
Diode: In order to reduce losses, ultra fast recovery diodes can be used. The forward
current rating needed is equal to the maximum output current. From the above equations the
design parameters are obtained as shown in Table I.
(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
= * ]+ ] * Vin
(6)
The state space parameters A, B, C and D matrices for the above equations are obtained for
ON and OFF states. By averaging techniques the determined matrices are:
Aavg =
Bavg = ]
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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
Cavg = [ ]
Davg = [0]
Using MATLAB, the output transfer function obtained is
(10)
(13)
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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
MODELING OF PV CELL
A solar cell is an electrical device which converts the sunlight directly into electric signals.
Solar cells are also called as photovoltaic cells. A couple of these cells together is commonly
called as solar panels or photovoltaic panels. The modeling of the solar panel is done to
obtain a DC voltage source of 60V using MATLAB. Figure 6 shows the simulink model of
Photo-Voltaic (PV) cell.
Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic irrespective of whether the source is sunlight
or an artificial light. They are used as a photo detector, detecting light or other
electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, or measuring light intensity. The operation
of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires 3 basic attributes [9]:
The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.
The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
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(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
(IJAER) 2015, Vol. No. 10, Issue No. VI, December e-ISSN: 2231-5152/ p-ISSN: 2454-1796
CONCLUSION
In this article, the boost converter with the desired specification is obtained. The output
responses are compared with the MPC and the NARMA-L2 controller. The ANNs controller
provided an improved response with the reduction in error of the converter model. This work
can be further improved by implementing Sliding Mode Control (SMC), Neuro-fuzzy
systems (ANFIS) and Hybrid fuzzy systems.
REFERENCES
[1] Sowparnika G C, Sivalingam A and Thirumarimurugan M, Evaluation of Control
Techniques in DC-DC Converters, International Journal of Emerging Technology &
Research, vol.2, no.4, pp.1-8, 2015.
[2] Dhivya B S, Krishnan V and Ramaprabha R, Neural Network Controller for Boost
Converter, In Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits, Power and
Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2013], pp.246-251, Jan, Research Gate, 2013.
[3] Brigitte Hauke, Basic Calculation of a Boost Converters Power Stage, Application
Report SLVA372C, Texas Instruments, 2014.
[4] Abdul Fathah, Design of Boost Converter, Department of Electrical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 2013.
[5] Apekshit Bhowate and Shraddha Deogade, Comparison of PID Tuning Techniques for
Closed Loop Controller of DC-DC Boost Converter International Journal of Advances
in Engineering & Technology, vol.8, no.1, pp.2064-2073, 2015.
[6] Zeigler J G and Nichols N B, Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers,
Transaction of ASME, vol.64, pp. 759-768, 1944.
[7] Holkar K S and Waghmare L M, An Overview of Model Predictive Control,
International Journal of Control and Automtion, vol.3, no.4, pp. 47-64, 2010.
[8] Mark Hudson Beale, Martin T. Hagan and Howard B. Demuth, Neural Network
Toolbox- Users Guide, MATLAB, The Math Works Inc., 2015.
[9] Natarajan Pandiarajan and Ranganath Muthu, Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic
Module with Simulink, International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES-
2011), pp. 315-319, 3-5 Jan, Research Gate, 2011.
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