SOAL 1

P7-1 (Determine Proper Cash Balance) Francis Equipment Co. closes its books
regularly on December 31, but at the end of 2012 it held its cash book open so that a
more favorable balance sheet could be prepared for credit purposes. Cash receipts
and disbursements for the first 10 days of January were recorded as
December transactions. The information is given below.
1. January cash receipts recorded in the December cash book totaled $45,640,
of which $28,000 represents cash sales, and $17,640 represents collections
on account for which cash discounts of $360 were given.
2. January cash disbursements recorded in the December check register
liquidated accounts payable of $22,450 on which discounts of $250 were
taken.
3. The ledger has not been closed for 2012.
4. The amount shown as inventory was determined by physical count on
December 31, 2012.

The company uses the periodic method of inventory.

Instructions
(a) Prepare any entries you consider necessary to correct Franciss accounts at
December 31.
(b) To what extent was Francis Equipment Co. able to show a more favorable
balance sheet at December 31 by holding its cash book open? (Compute
working capital and the current ratio.) Assume that the balance sheet that was
prepared by the company showed the following amounts:
Dr. Cr.
Cash $39,000
Accounts receivable 42,000
Inventory 67,000
Accounts payable $45,000
Other current liabilities 14,20

PROBLEM 7-1

(a) December 31
Accounts Receivable (17,640 + 360) ....... 18,000
Sales ...................................................................... 28,000
Cash ............................................................ 45,640
Sales Discounts ...................................... 360

December 31
Cash ....................................................................... 22,200
Purchase Discounts ......................................... 250
Accounts Payable................................... 22,450
(b) Per Balance After
Sheet Adjustment

Current assets
Inventories .................................................... 67,000 67,000
Receivables (42,000 + 18,000) ............ 42,000 60,000
Cash (39,000 45,640 + 22,200)....... 39,000 15,560
Total ........................................................ (1) 148,000 142,560

Current liabilities
Accounts payable
(45,000 + 22,450)................................. 45,000 67,450
Other current liabilities............................. 14,200 14,200
Total ........................................................ (2) 59,200 81,650
Working capital .......................................... (1) (2) 88,800 60,910

Current ratio ....................................................... (1) (2) 2.5 to 1 1.75 to 1

SOAL 2

P7-2 (Bad-Debt Reporting) Presented below are a series of unrelated situations.

1. Halen Companys unadjusted trial balance at December 31, 2012, included the following accounts.
Debit Credit
Allowance for doubtful accounts 4,000
Net sales $1,200,000
Halen Company estimates its bad debt expense to be 1% of net sales. Determine its bad debt
expense for 2012.

2. An analysis and aging of Stuart Corp. accounts receivable at December 31, 2012, disclosed the
following.
Amounts estimated to be uncollectible $ 180,000
Accounts receivable 1,750,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts (per books) 125,000
What is the net realizable value of Stuarts receivables at December 31, 2012?

3. Shore Co. provides for doubtful accounts based on 3% of credit sales. The following data are available
for 2012.
Credit sales during 2012 $2,400,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts 1/1/12 17,000
Collection of accounts written off in prior years
(customer credit was reestablished) 8,000
Customer accounts written off as uncollectible during 2012 30,000
What is the balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31, 2012?

4. At the end of its first year of operations, December 31, 2012, Darden Inc. reported the following
information.
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts $950,000
Customer accounts written off as uncollectible during 2012 24,000
Bad debt expense for 2012 84,000
What should be the balance in accounts receivable at December 31, 2012, before subtracting the
allowance for doubtful accounts?

5. The following accounts were taken from Bullock Inc.s trial balance at December 31, 2012.
Debit Credit
Net credit sales $750,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 14,000
Accounts receivable 310,000
If doubtful accounts are 3% of accounts receivable, determine the bad debt expense to be reported for
2012.
Instructions
Answer the questions relating to each of the five independent situations as requested.
 PROBLEM 7-2

1. Net sales................................................................................................ $1,200,000

Percentage ........................................................................................... X 1 1/2%
Bad debt expense .............................................................................. $ 18,000

2. Accounts receivable ......................................................................... $1,750,000

Amounts estimated to be uncollectible...................................... (180,000)
Net realizable value ........................................................................... $1,570,000

3. Allowance for doubtful accounts 1/1/10..................................... $ 17,000

Establishment of accounts written off in prior years............. 8,000
Customer accounts written off in 2010....................................... (30,000)
Bad debt expense for 2010 ($2,400,000 X 3%).......................... 72,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts 12/31/10 ................................ $ 67,000

4. Bad debt expense for 2010 ............................................................. $ 84,000

Customer accounts written off as uncollectible
during 2010 ...................................................................................... (24,000)
Allowance for doubtful accounts balance 12/31/10................ $ 60,000

Accounts receivable, net of allowance

for doubtful Accounts.................................................................. $ 950,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts balance 12/31/10................ 60,000
Accounts receivable, before deducting
allowance for doubtful accounts.............................................. $1,010,000

5. Accounts receivable ......................................................................... $ 310,000

Percentage ........................................................................................... X 3%
Bad debt expense, before adjustment ........................................ 9,300
Allowance for doubtful accounts (debit balance) ................... 14,000
Bad debt expense, as adjusted ..................................................... $ 23,300
 SOAL 3

P7-3 (Bad-Debt ReportingAging) Manilow Corporation operates in an industry that has a high rate of
bad debts. Before any year-end adjustments, the balance in Manilows Accounts Receivable account was
$555,000 and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a credit balance of $40,000. The year-end
balance reported in the balance sheet for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will be based on the aging
schedule shown below.
Probability of
Days Account Outstanding Amount Collection
Less than 16 days $300,000 .98
Between 16 and 30 days 100,000 .90
Between 31 and 45 days 80,000 .85
Between 46 and 60 days 40,000 .80
Between 61 and 75 days 20,000 .55
Over 75 days 15,000 .00

Instructions
(a) What is the appropriate balance for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at year-end?
(b) Show how accounts receivable would be presented on the balance sheet.
(c) What is the dollar effect of the year-end bad debt adjustment on the before-tax income?

PROBLEM 7-3

(a) The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts should have a balance of $45,000
at year-end. The supporting calculations are shown below:

Expected
Days Account Percentage Estimated
Outstanding Amount Uncollectible Uncollectible

015 days $300,000 .02 $ 6,000

1630 days 100,000 .10 10,000
3145 days 80,000 .15 12,000
4660 days 40,000 .20 8,000
6175 days 20,000 .45 9,000

Balance for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $45,000

The accounts which have been outstanding over 75 days ($15,000)

and have zero probability of collection would be written off immediately by
 a debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $15,000 and a credit to
Accounts Receivable for $15,000. It is not considered when deter-
mining the proper amount for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.

(b) Accounts receivable ($555,000 $15,000).............................. $540,000

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts.................................. 45,000
Accounts receivable (net)............................................................. $495,000

(c) The year-end bad debt adjustment would decrease before-tax income
$20,000 as computed below:

Estimated amount required in the Allowance

for Doubtful Accounts............................................................... $45,000
Balance in the account after write-off of uncollectible
accounts but before adjustment ($40,000 $15,000) ..... 25,000
Required charge to expense ....................................................... $20,000
 SOAL 4

P7-4 (Bad-Debt Reporting) From inception of operations to December 31, 2012, Fortner Corporation
provided
for uncollectible accounts receivable under the allowance method: provisions were made monthly at
2% of credit sales; bad debts written off were charged to the allowance account; recoveries of bad debts
previously written off were credited to the allowance account; and no year-end adjustments to the
allowance
account were made. Fortners usual credit terms are net 30 days.
The balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was $130,000 at January 1, 2012. During 2012,
credit sales totaled $9,000,000, interim provisions for doubtful accounts were made at 2% of credit sales,
$90,000 of bad debts were written off, and recoveries of accounts previously written off amounted to
$15,000.Fortner installed a computer system in November 2012, and an aging of accounts receivable was
prepared for the first time as of December 31, 2012. A summary of the aging is as follows.
Classification by Balance in Estimated %
Month of Sale Each Category Uncollectible
NovemberDecember 2012 $1,080,000 2%
JulyOctober 650,000 10%
JanuaryJune 420,000 25%
Prior to 1/1/12 150,000 80%
$2,300,000
Based on the review of collectibility of the account balances in the prior to 1/1/12 aging category,
additional receivables totaling $60,000 were written off as of December 31, 2012. The 80% uncollectible
estimate applies to the remaining $90,000 in the category. Effective with the year ended December 31,
2012, Fortner adopted a different method for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts at the amount
indicated by the year-end aging analysis of accounts receivable.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the year ended
December 31, 2012. Show supporting computations in good form. (Hint: In computing the 12/31/12
allowance, subtract the $60,000 write-off).
(b) Prepare the journal entry for the year-end adjustment to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance
as of December 31, 2012.

PROBLEM 7-4

(a) FORTNER CORPORATION

Analysis of Changes in the
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Balance at January 1, 2010......................................................... 130,000
Provision for doubtful accounts (9,000,000 X 2%) ........... 180,000
Recovery in 2010 of bad debts written off previously....... 15,000
325,000
Deduct write-offs for 2010 (90,000 + 60,000) .................... 150,000
 Balance at December 31, 2010 before change
in accounting estimate ............................................................ 175,000
Increase due to change in accounting estimate
during 2010 (263,600 175,000)....................................... 88,600
Balance at December 31, 2010 adjusted (Schedule 1) ...... 263,600

Schedule 1
Computation of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
at December 31, 2010
Aging Doubtful
Category Balance % Accounts
NovDec 2010 1,080,000 2 21,600
JulyOct 650,000 10 65,000
JanJun 420,000 25 105,000
Prior to 1/1/10 90,000(a) 80 72,000
263,600

(a) 150,000 60,000

(b)The journal entry to record this transaction is as follows:

Bad Debt Expense.................................................88,600
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ............... 88,600
(To increase the allowance for doubtful accounts at
December 31, 2010, resulting from a change
in accounting estimate)
SOAL 5

P7-5 (Bad-Debt Reporting) Presented below is information related to the Accounts Receivable accounts
of Gulistan Inc. during the current year 2012.
1) An aging schedule of the accounts receivable as of December 31, 2012, is as follows.
% to Be Applied after
Age Net Debit Balance Correction Is Made
Under 60 days $172,342 1%
6090 days 136,490 3%
91120 days 39,924* 6%
Over 120 days 23,644 $3,700defi nitely uncollectible;
$372,400 estimated remainder
uncollectible is 25%
*The $3,240 write-off of receivables is related to the 91-to-120 day category.

2) The Accounts Receivable control account has a debit balance of $372,400 on December 31, 2012.

3) Two entries were made in the Bad Debt Expense account during the year: (1) a debit on December 31
for the amount credited to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and (2) a credit for $3,240 on November
3, 2012, and a debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts because of a bankruptcy.

4) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is as follows for 2012.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Nov. 3 Uncollectible accounts Jan. 1 Beginning balance 8,750
written off 3,240 Dec. 31 5% of $372,400 18,620
5) A credit balance exists in the Accounts Receivable (6090 days) of $4,840, which represents an
advance on a sales contract.
Instructions
Assuming that the books have not been closed for 2012, make the necessary correcting entries.

PROBLEM 7-5

Bad Debt Expense .............................................................. 3,240

Accounts Receivable .............................................. 3,240
(To correct bad debt expense and
write off accounts receivable)

Accounts Receivable......................................................... 4,840

Advance on Sales Contract .................................. 4,840
(To reclassify credit balance
in accounts receivable)

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ................................. 3,700

Accounts Receivable .............................................. 3,700
(To write off $3,700 of uncollectible
accounts)
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ................................. 7,279.64
Bad Debt Expense ................................................... 7,279.64
(To reduce allowance for doubtful
account balance)

Balance ($8,750 + $18,620 $3,240 $3,700) ........... $20,430.00

Corrected balance (see below) ...................................... (13,150.36)
Adjustment ........................................................................... $ 7,279.64

Aging
Age Balance Schedule

Under 60 days $172,342 1% $ 1,723.42

6090 days 141,330 ($136,490 + $4,840) 3% 4,239.90
91120 days 36,684 ($39,924 $3,240) 6% 2,201.04
Over 120 days 19,944 ($23,644 $3,700) 25% 4,986.00
$13,150.36
PROBLEM 7-5 (Continued)

If the student did not make the entry to record the $3,700 write-off earlier,
the following would change in the problem. After the adjusting entry for
$7,279.64, an entry would have to be made to write off the $3,700.

Balance ($8,750 + $18,620 $3,240).................... $24,130.00

Corrected balance (see below) ............................. (16,850.36)
Adjustment .................................................................. $ 7,279.64

Aging
Age Balance Schedule

Under 60 days $172,342 1% $ 1,723.42

6090 days 141,330 3% 4,239.90
91120 days 36,684 6% 2,201.04
Over 120 days 23,644 8,686.00*
$16,850.36

*$3,700 + (25% X $19,944)

SOAL 6

P7-6 (Journalize Various Accounts Receivable Transactions) The balance sheet of Starsky Company
at December 31, 2012, includes the following.
Notes receivable $ 36,000
Accounts receivable 1 82,100
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts 1 7,300 200,800
Transactions in 2012 include the following.
1. Accounts receivable of $138,000 were collected including accounts of $60,000 on which 2% sales
discounts were allowed.
2. $5,300 was received in payment of an account which was written off the books as worthless in
2012.
3. Customer accounts of $17,500 were written off during the year.
4. At year-end, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was estimated to need a balance of $20,000. This
estimate is based on an analysis of aged accounts receivable.
Instructions
Prepare all journal entries necessary to reflect the transactions above.

PROBLEM 7-6

1
Cash ........................................................................................ 136,800*
Sales Discounts................................................................... 1,200
Accounts Receivable .............................................. 138,000

*[$138,000 ($60,000 X 2%)]

2
Accounts Receivable ......................................................... 5,300
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts....................... 5,300

Cash ........................................................................................ 5,300

Accounts Receivable .............................................. 5,300

3
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ................................. 17,500
Accounts Receivable .............................................. 17,500
4
Bad Debt Expense .............................................................. 14,900
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts....................... 14,900*
*($17,300 + $5,300 $17,500 = $5,100;
$20,000 $5,100 = $14,900)
P7-7 (Assigned Accounts ReceivableJournal Entries) Salen Company finances some of its current
operations by assigning accounts receivable to a finance company. On July 1, 2012, it assigned, under
guarantee, specific accounts amounting to $150,000. The finance company advanced to Salen 80% of the
accounts assigned (20% of the total to be withheld until the finance company has made its full recovery),
less a finance charge of % of the total accounts assigned.
On July 31, Salen Company received a statement that the finance company had collected $80,000
of these accounts and had made an additional charge of % of the total accounts outstanding as of July
31. This charge is to be deducted at the time of the first remittance due Salen Company from the finance
company. (Hint: Make entries at this time.) On August 31, 2012, Salen Company received a second
statement from the finance company,together with a check for the amount due. The statement indicated
that the finance company had collected an additional $50,000 and had made a further charge of % of the
balance outstanding as of August 31.
Instructions
Make all entries on the books of Salen Company that are involved in the transactions above.

PROBLEM 7-7

(000s omitted)

July 1, 2010
Cash .................................................................................................. 119,250
Finance Charge (.005 X 150,000)........................................... 750
Notes Payable (80% X 150,000)................................... 120,000

July 31, 2010

Notes Payable................................................................................ 80,000
Accounts Receivable........................................................ 80,000

Finance Charge ............................................................................. 350

Finance Charge Payable (.005 X 70,000).................. 350

August 31, 2010

Notes Payable................................................................................ 40,000
Cash* ................................................................................................ 9,550
Finance Charge (.005 X [150,000
80,000 50,000]) ................................................................... 100
Finance Charge Payable ............................................................ 350
Accounts Receivable........................................................ 50,000
*Total cash collection................................................................ 50,000
Less: Finance charge payable (from previous entry) ..... 350
Finance charge (current month) [(.005 X
(150,000 80,000 50,000)] ................................ 100
Note payable (balance) (120,000 80,000) ......... 40,000
Cash collected............................................................................... 9,550
SOAL 8
P7-8 (Notes Receivable with Realistic Interest Rate) On October 1, 2012, Arden Farm Equipment
Company sold a pecan-harvesting machine to Valco Brothers Farm, Inc. In lieu of a cash payment Valco
Brothers Farm gave Arden a 2-year, $120,000, 8% note (a realistic rate of interest for a note of this type).
The note required interest to be paid annually on October 1. Ardens financial statements are prepared on
a calendar-year basis.
Instructions
Assuming Valco Brothers Farm fulfills all the terms of the note, prepare the necessary journal entries for
Arden Farm Equipment Company for the entire term of the note.

PROBLEM 7-8

10/1/10 Notes Receivable .......................................... 120,000

Sales....................................................... 120,000

12/31/10 Interest Receivable....................................... 2,400*

Interest Revenue ................................ 2,400
*$120,000 X .08 X 3/12 = $2,400

10/1/11 Cash .................................................................. 9,600*

Interest Receivable............................ 2,400
Interest Revenue ................................ 7,200**

*$120,000 X .08 = $9,600

**$120,000 X .08 X 9/12 = $7,200

12/31/11 Interest Receivable....................................... 2,400

Interest Revenue ................................ 2,400

10/1/12 Cash .................................................................. 9,600

Interest Receivable............................ 2,400
Interest Revenue ................................ 7,200

Cash .................................................................. 120,000

Notes Receivable ............................... 120,000

Note: Entries at 10/1/11 and 10/1/12 assumes reversing entries were not made on January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2012.
SOAL 9

P7-9 (Notes Receivable Journal Entries) On December 31, 2012, Oakbrook Inc. rendered services to Begin
Corporation at an agreed price of $102,049, accepting $40,000 down and agreeing to accept the balance in four
equal installments of $20,000 receivable each December 31. An assumed interest rate of 11% is imputed.
Instructions
Prepare the entries that would be recorded by Oakbrook Inc. for the sale and for the receipts and interest
on the following dates. (Assume that the effective-interest method is used for amortization purposes.)
(a) December 31, 2012. (c) December 31, 2014. (e) December 31, 2016.
(b) December 31, 2013. (d) December 31, 2015.

PROBLEM 7-9

(a) December 31, 2010

Cash ................................................................................... 40,000
Notes Receivable........................................................... 62,049
Service Revenue ................................................. 102,049

To record revenue at the present value of the

note plus the immediate cash payment:
PV of $20,000 annuity @ 11% for
4 years ($20,000 X 3.10245)................ $ 62,049
Down payment........................................... 40,000
Capitalized value of services ................ $102,049

(b) December 31, 2011

Cash .......................................................................................... 20,000
Notes Receivable ....................................................... 20,000

Notes Receivable.................................................................. 6,825

Interest Revenue ........................................................ 6,825

Schedule of Note Discount Amortization

Cash Interest Carrying

Date Received Revenue Amount of Note

12/31/10 $62,049
12/31/11 $20,000 $6,825a 48,874b
12/31/12 20,000 5,376 34,250
12/31/13 20,000 3,768 18,018
12/31/14 20,000 1,982
a$6,825 = $62,049 X 11%

b$48,874 = $62,049 + $6,825 $20,000

PROBLEM 7-9 (Continued)

(c) December 31, 2012

Cash ....................................................................... 20,000
Notes Receivable..................................... 20,000

Notes Receivable ............................................... 5,376

Interest Revenue...................................... 5,376

(d) December 31, 2013

Cash ....................................................................... 20,000
Notes Receivable..................................... 20,000

Notes Receivable ............................................... 3,768

Interest Revenue...................................... 3,768

(e) December 31, 2014

Cash ....................................................................... 20,000
Notes Receivable..................................... 20,000

Notes Receivable ............................................... 1,982

Interest Revenue...................................... 1,982
SOAL 10
P7-11 (Income Effects of Receivables Transactions) Sandburg Company requires additional cash for
its
business. Sandburg has decided to use its accounts receivable to raise the additional cash and has asked
you to determine the income statement effects of the following contemplated transactions.
1. On July 1, 2012, Sandburg assigned $400,000 of accounts receivable to Keller Finance Company.
Sandburg received an advance from Keller of 80% of the assigned accounts receivable less a
commission of 3% on the advance. Prior to December 31, 2012, Sandburg collected $220,000 on the
assigned accounts receivable, and remitted $232,720 to Keller, $12,720 of which represented interest
on the advance from Keller.
2. On December 1, 2012, Sandburg sold $300,000 of net accounts receivable to Wunsch Company for
$270,000. The receivables were sold outright on a without-recourse basis.
3. On December 31, 2012, an advance of $120,000 was received from First Bank by pledging $160,000
of Sandburgs accounts receivable. Sandburgs first payment to First Bank is due on January 30,
2013.
Instructions
Prepare a schedule showing the income statement effects for the year ended December 31, 2012, as a
result of the above facts.

PROBLEM 7-11

SANDBURG COMPANY
Income Statement
Effects
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010

Expenses resulting from accounts receivable

assigned (Schedule 1) ............................................................ 22,320
Loss resulting from accounts receivable
sold (300,000 270,000)..................................................... 30,000
Total expenses ...................................................................... 52,320

Schedule 1

Computation of Expense
for Accounts Receivable Assigned

Assignment expense:
Accounts receivable assigned ............................ 400,000
X 80%
Advance by Keller Finance Company............... 320,000
X 3% 9,600
Interest expense.............................................................. 12,720
Total expenses.......................................................... 22,320
SOAL 11

P7-12 (Petty Cash, Bank Reconciliation) Bill Jovi is reviewing the cash accounting for Nottleman, Inc., a
local mailing service. Jovis review will focus on the petty cash account and the bank reconciliation for the
month ended May 31, 2012. He has collected the following information from Nottlemans bookkeeper for
this task.

Petty Cash
1. The petty cash fund was established on May 10, 2012, in the amount of $250.
2. Expenditures from the fund by the custodian as of May 31, 2012, were evidenced by approved
receipts for the following.
Postage expense $33.00
Mailing labels and other supplies 65.00
I.O.U. from employees 30.00
Shipping charges 57.45
Newspaper advertising 22.80
Miscellaneous expense 15.35

On May 31, 2012, the petty cash fund was replenished and increased to $300; currency and coin in the
fund at that time totaled $26.40.

Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions related to the petty cash fund for May.
(b) Prepare a bank reconciliation dated May 31, 2012, proceeding to a correct cash balance, and
prepare the journal entries necessary to make the books correct and complete.
(c) What amount of cash should be reported in the May 31, 2012, balance sheet?
 *PROBLEM 7-12

(a) Petty Cash ............................................................................ 250.00

Cash............................................................................. 250.00

Postage Expense ............................................................... 33.00

Supplies ................................................................................ 65.00
Accounts ReceivableEmployees .............................. 30.00
Shipping Expense.............................................................. 57.45
Advertising Expense......................................................... 22.80
Misc. Expense ..................................................................... 15.35
Cash (250.00 26.40)......................................... 223.60

Petty Cash ............................................................................ 50.00

Cash............................................................................. 50.00

(b) Balances per bank:............................................................ 6,522

Add:
Cash on hand............................................................ 246
Deposit in transit ..................................................... 3,000 3,246
9,768
Deduct: Checks outstanding.......................................... 850
Correct cash balance, May 31 ............................. 8,918

Balance per books: ........................................................... 8,015*

Add: Note receivable (collected with interest) ........ 930
8,945
Deduct: Bank Service Charges .................................... 27
Correct cash balance, May 31 ............................. 8,918
*(8,850 + 31,000 31,835)

Cash........................................................................................ 930
Note Receivable ....................................................... 900
Interest Revenue...................................................... 30

Office ExpenseBank Charges.................................... 27

Cash............................................................................. 27

(c) 8,918 + 300 = 9,218.

SOAL 12

P7-13 (Bank Reconciliation and Adjusting Entries) The cash account of Aguilar Co. showed a ledger
balance of $3,969.85 on June 30, 2012. The bank statement as of that date showed a balance of $4,150.
Upon comparing the statement with the cash records, the following facts were determined.
1. There were bank service charges for June of $25.
2. A bank memo stated that Bao Dais note for $1,200 and interest of $36 had been collected on June
29, and the bank had made a charge of $5.50 on the collection. (No entry had been made on Aguilars
books when Bao Dais note was sent to the bank for collection.)
3. Receipts for June 30 for $3,390 were not deposited until July 2.
4. Checks outstanding on June 30 totaled $2,136.05.
5. The bank had charged the Aguilar Co.s account for a customers uncollectible check amounting to
$253.20 on June 29.
6. A customers check for $90 had been entered as $60 in the cash receipts journal by Aguilar on June
15.
7. Check no. 742 in the amount of $491 had been entered in the cash journal as $419, and check no.
747 in the amount of $58.20 had been entered as $582. Both checks had been issued to pay for
purchases of equipment.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a bank reconciliation dated June 30, 2012, proceeding to a correct cash balance.
(b) Prepare any entries necessary to make the books correct and complete.
 *PROBLEM 7-13

(a) AGUILAR CO.

Bank Reconciliation
June 30, 2010
Balance per bank, June 30.......................................... $4,150.00
Add: Deposits in transit.............................................. 3,390.00
Deduct: Outstanding checks .................................... 2,136.05
Correct cash balance, June 30 .................................. $5,403.95

Balance per books, June 30 ....................................... $3,969.85

Add: Error in recording deposit ($90 $60)........ $ 30
Error on check no. 747
($582.00 $58.20)........................................... 523.80
Note collection ($1,200 + $36) ....................... 1,236.00 1,789.80
5,759.65
Deduct: NSF check....................................................... 253.20
Error on check no. 742 ($491 $419)...... 72.00
Bank service charges ($25 + $5.50) ....... 30.50 355.70

Correct cash balance, June 30 .................................. $5,403.95

(b) Cash ................................................................................... 1,789.80

Accounts Receivable ............................................. 30.00*
Accounts Payable ................................................... 523.80**
Notes Receivable .................................................... 1,200.00
Interest Revenue ..................................................... 36.00

Accounts Receivable.................................................... 253.20

Accounts Payable.......................................................... 72.00***
Office ExpenseBank Charges ............................... 30.50
Cash............................................................................. 355.70
*Assumes sale was on account and not a cash sale.
**Assumes that the purchase of the equipment was recorded at its
proper price. If a straight cash purchase, then Equipment should be
credited instead of Accounts Payable.
***If a straight cash purchase, then Equipment should be debited instead of Accounts
Payable.
SOAL 13

P 7-14 (Bank Reconciliation and Adjusting Entries) Presented below is information related to Haselhof
Inc.
Balance per books at October 31, $41,847.85; receipts $173,523.91; disbursements $164,893.54.
Balance per bank statement November 30, $56,274.20.
The following checks were outstanding at November 30.
1224 $1,635.29
1230 2,468.30
1232 2,125.15
1233 482.17
Included with the November bank statement and not recorded by the company were a bank debit
memo for $27.40 covering bank charges for the month, a debit memo for $372.13 for a customers check
returned and marked NSF, and a credit memo for $1,400 representing bond interest collected by the bank
in the name of Haselhof Inc. Cash on hand at November 30 recorded and awaiting deposit amounted to
$1,915.40.
Instructions
(a) Prepare a bank reconciliation (to the correct balance) at November 30, for Haselhof Inc. from the
information above.
(b) Prepare any journal entries required to adjust the cash account at November 30.
 *PROBLEM 7-14

(a) HASELHOF INC.

Bank Reconciliation
November 30
Balance per bank statement, November 30 ......... $56,274.20
Add:
Cash on hand, not deposited............................. 1,915.40
58,189.60

Deduct:
Outstanding checks
#1224 ................................................................... $1,635.29
#1230 ................................................................... 2,468.30
#1232 ................................................................... 2,125.15
#1233 ................................................................... 482.17 6,710.91
Correct cash balance, Nov. 30.................................. $51,478.69

Balance per books, November 30 ........................... $50,478.22*

Add:
Bond interest collected by bank ....................... 1,400.00
51,878.22
Deduct:
Bank charges not recorded in books.............. $ 27.40
Customers check returned NSF....................... 372.13 399.53
Correct cash balance, Nov. 30.................................. $51,478.69

*Computation of balance per books,

November 30
Balance per books, October 31 .................... $ 41,847.85
Add receipts for November ............................ 173,523.91
215,371.76
Deduct disbursements for November ........ 164,893.54
Balance per books, November 30 ................ $ 50,478.22
*PROBLEM 7-14 (Continued)

(b) November 30
Cash .............................................................................. 1,400.00
Interest Revenue............................................. 1,400.00

November 30
Office ExpenseBank Charges........................... 27.40
Cash.................................................................... 27.40

November 30
Accounts Receivable ............................................... 372.13
Cash.................................................................... 372.13
SOAL 14

P10-1 (Classification of Acquisition and Other Asset Costs) At December 31, 2011, certain accounts
included in the property, plant, and equipment section of Reagan Companys balance sheet had the
following balances.
Land $230,000
Buildings 890,000
Leasehold improvements 660,000
Equipment 875,000
During 2012, the following transactions occurred.
1. Land site number 621 was acquired for $850,000. In addition, to acquire the land Reagan paid a
$51,000 commission to a real estate agent. Costs of $35,000 were incurred to clear the land.
During the course of clearing the land, timber and gravel were recovered and sold for $13,000.
2. A second tract of land (site number 622) with a building was acquired for $420,000. The closing
statement indicated that the land value was $300,000 and the building value was $120,000. Shortly
after acquisition, the building was demolished at a cost of $41,000. A new building was constructed
for $330,000 plus the following costs.
Excavation fees $38,000
Architectural design fees 11,000
Building permit fee 2,500
Imputed interest on funds used
during construction (stock fi nancing) 8,500
The building was completed and occupied on September 30, 2012.
3. A third tract of land (site number 623) was acquired for $650,000 and was put on the market for
resale.
4. During December 2012, costs of $89,000 were incurred to improve leased office space. The related
lease will terminate on December 31, 2014, and is not expected to be renewed. (Hint: Leasehold
improvements should be handled in the same manner as land improvements.)
5. A group of new machines was purchased under a royalty agreement that provides for payment of
royalties based on units of production for the machines. The invoice price of the machines was
$87,000, freight costs were $3,300, installation costs were $2,400, and royalty payments for 2012
were $17,500.

Instructions
(a) Prepare a detailed analysis of the changes in each of the following balance sheet accounts for
2012.
Land Leasehold improvements
Buildings Equipment
Disregard the related accumulated depreciation accounts.
(b) List the items in the situation that were not used to determine the answer to (a) above, and indicate
where, or if, these items should be included in Reagans financial statements.
 PROBLEM 10-1

(a) REAGAN COMPANY

Analysis of Land Account
for 2010

Balance at January 1, 2010 ..................... 230,000

Land site number 621

Acquisition cost.......................................... 850,000
Commission to real estate agent .......... 51,000
Clearing costs.............................................. 35,000
Less: Amounts recovered ...................... 13,000 22,000
Total land site number 621 ........ 923,000

Land site number 622

Land value .................................................... 300,000
Building value.............................................. 120,000
Demolition cost ........................................... 41,000
Total land site number 622 ........ 461,000
Balance at December 31, 2010............... 1,614,000

REAGAN COMPANY
Analysis of Buildings Account
for 2010
Balance at January 1, 2010 ................................. 890,000
Cost of new building constructed
on land site number 622
Construction costs...................................... 330,000
Excavation fees ............................................ 38,000
Architectural design fees.......................... 11,000
Building permit fee...................................... 2,500 381,500
Balance at December 31, 2010........................... 1,271,500
PROBLEM 10-1 (Continued)

REAGAN COMPANY
Analysis of Leasehold Improvements Account
for 2010
Balance at January 1, 2010........................................ 660,000
Office space.................................................................... 89,000
Balance at December 31, 2010 ................................. 749,000

REAGAN COMPANY
Analysis of Machinery and Equipment Account
for 2010
Balance at January 1, 2010........................................ 875,000
Cost of the new machines acquired
Invoice price....................................................... 87,000
Freight costs ...................................................... 3,300
Installation costs .............................................. 2,400 92,700
Balance at December 31, 2010 ................................. 967,700

(a) Items in the fact situation which were not used to determine the
answer to (a) above are as follows:
Interest imputed on equity financing is not permitted by IFRS and
thus does not appear in any financial statement.
Land site number 623, which was acquired for 650,000, should
be included in Reagans statement of financial position as land
held for resale (investment section).
Royalty payments of 17,500 should be included as a normal
operating expense in Reagans income statement.
SOAL 15

P10-3 (Classification of Land and Building Costs) Spitfire Company was incorporated on January 2,
2013, but was unable to begin manufacturing activities until July 1, 2013, because new factory facilities
were not completed until that date.
The Land and Building account reported the following items during 2013.
January 31 Land and building $160,000
February 28 Cost of removal of building 9,800
May 1 Partial payment of new construction 60,000
May 1 Legal fees paid 3,770
June 1 Second payment on new construction 40,000
June 1 Insurance premium 2,280
June 1 Special tax assessment 4,000
June 30 General expenses 36,300
July 1 Final payment on new construction 30,000
December 31 Asset write-up 53,800
399,950
December 31 Depreciation2013 at 1% 4,000
December 31, 2013 Account balance $395,950

The following additional information is to be considered.

1. To acquire land and building, the company paid $80,000 cash and 800 shares of its 8% cumulative
preferred stock, par value $100 per share. Fair value of the stock is $117 per share.
2. Cost of removal of old buildings amounted to $9,800, and the demolition company retained all
materials of the building.
3. Legal fees covered the following.
Cost of organization $ 610
Examination of title covering purchase of land 1,300
Legal work in connection with construction contract 1,860
$3,770
4. Insurance premium covered the building for a 2-year term beginning May 1, 2013.
5. The special tax assessment covered street improvements that are permanent in nature.
6. General expenses covered the following for the period from January 2, 2013, to June 30, 2013.
Presidents salary $32,100
Plant superintendents salarysupervision of new building 4,200
$36,300
7. Because of a general increase in construction costs after entering into the building contract, the
board of directors increased the value of the building $53,800, believing that such an increase was
justified to reflect the current market at the time the building was completed. Retained earnings
was credited for this amount.
8. Estimated life of building50 years.
Depreciation for 20131% of asset value (1% of $400,000, or $4,000).
Instructions
(a) Prepare entries to reflect correct land, building, and depreciation accounts at December 31, 2013.
(b) Show the proper presentation of land, building, and depreciation on the balance sheet at
December 31, 2013.
 PROBLEM 10-3

(a) 1. Land (Schedule A) ........................................................ 188,700

Building (Schedule B) ................................................. 136,250
Insurance Expense (6 months X $95) .................... 570
Prepaid Insurance (16 months X $95).................... 1,520
Organization Expense................................................. 610
Retained Earnings ........................................................ 53,800
Salary Expense.............................................................. 32,100
Land and Building.............................................. 399,950
Share PremiumPreference
(800 shares X $17) .......................................... 13,600

Schedule A
Amount Consists of:
Acquisition Cost

($80,000 + [800 X $117]) ................................ $173,600

Removal of Old Building.................................. 9,800
Legal Fees (Examination of title) .................. 1,300
Special Tax Assessment.................................. 4,000
Total ................................................................. $188,700

Schedule B
Amount Consists of:

Legal Fees (Construction contract) ............. $ 1,860

Construction Costs (First payment) ............ 60,000
Construction Costs (Second payment)....... 40,000
Insurance (2 months)
([2,280 24] = $95 X 2 = $190) .................... 190
Plant Superintendents Salary ....................... 4,200
Construction Costs (Final payment)............ 30,000
Total ................................................................. $136,250

2. Land and Building ........................................................ 4,000

Depreciation Expense....................................... 2,637
Accumulated DepreciationBuilding ......... 1,363
PROBLEM 10-3 (Continued)

Schedule C
Depreciation taken ....................................... $ 4,000
Depreciation that should be taken
(1% X $136,250) ......................................... (1,363)
Depreciation adjustment............................ $ 2,637

(b) Plant, Property, and Equipment:

Land ............................................................................. $188,700
Building ...................................................................... $136,250
Less: Accumulated depreciation ...................... 1,363 134,887
Total .................................................................. $323,587
SOAL 16

P10-5 (Classification of Costs and Interest Capitalization) On January 1, 2012, Blair Corporation
purchased for $500,000 a tract of land (site number 101) with a building. Blair paid a real estate brokers
commission of $36,000, legal fees of $6,000, and title guarantee insurance of $18,000. The closing
statement indicated that the land value was $500,000 and the building value was $100,000. Shortly after
acquisition, the building was razed at a cost of $54,000.
Blair entered into a $3,000,000 fixed-price contract with Slatkin Builders, Inc. on March 1, 2012, for
the construction of an office building on land site number 101. The building was completed and occupied
on September 30, 2013. Additional construction costs were incurred as follows.
Plans, specifications, and blueprints $21,000
Architects fees for design and supervision 82,000
The building is estimated to have a 40-year life from date of completion and will be depreciated using the
150% declining-balance method.
To finance construction costs, Blair borrowed $3,000,000 on March 1, 2012. The loan is payable in
10 annual installments of $300,000 plus interest at the rate of 10%. Blairs weighted-average amounts of
accumulated building construction expenditures were as follows.
For the period March 1 to December 31, 2012 $1,300,000
For the period January 1 to September 30, 2013 1,900,000
Instructions
(a) Prepare a schedule that discloses the individual costs making up the balance in the land account in
respect of land site number 101 as of September 30, 2013.
(b) Prepare a schedule that discloses the individual costs that should be capitalized in the office
building account as of September 30, 2013. Show supporting computations in good form.
 PROBLEM 10-5

(a) BLAIR CORPORATION

Cost of Land (Site #101)
As of September 30, 2011
Cost of land and old building .............................................. $500,000
Real estate brokers commission....................................... 36,000
Legal fees ................................................................................... 6,000
Title insurance .......................................................................... 18,000
Removal of old building ........................................................ 54,000
Cost of land .......................................................................... $614,000

(b) BLAIR CORPORATION

Cost of Building
As of September 30, 2011
Fixed construction contract price...................................... $3,000,000
Plans, specifications, and blueprints................................ 21,000
Architects fees......................................................................... 82,000
Interest capitalized during 2010 (Schedule) ................... 130,000
Interest capitalized during 2011 (Schedule) ................... 190,000
Cost of building .................................................................. $3,423,000

Schedule

Interest Capitalized During 2010 and 2011

Weighted-Average
Accumulated Construction Interest to be
Expenditures X Interest Rate = Capitalized
2010: $1,300,000 X 10% = $130,000

2011: $1,900,000 X 10% = $190,000

SOAL 17

P10-7 (Capitalization of Interest) Laserwords Inc. is a book distributor that had been operating in its
original facility since 1985. The increase in certification programs and continuing education requirements in
several professions has contributed to an annual growth rate of 15% for Laserwords since 2007.
Laserwordsoriginal facility became obsolete by early 2012 because of the increased sales volume and the
fact that Laserwords now carries CDs in addition to books.
On June 1, 2012, Laserwords contracted with Black Construction to have a new building
constructed for $4,000,000 on land owned by Laserwords. The payments made by Laserwords to Black
Construction are shown in the schedule below.
Date Amount
July 30, 2012 $ 900,000
January 30, 2013 1,500,000
May 30, 2013 1,600,000
Total payments $4,000,000
Construction was completed and the building was ready for occupancy on May 27, 2013.
Laserwords had no new borrowings directly associated with the new building but had the following debt
outstanding at May 31, 2013, the end of its fiscal year.
10%, 5-year note payable of $2,000,000, dated April 1, 2009, with interest payable annually on
April 1.
12%, 10-year bond issue of $3,000,000 sold at par on June 30, 2005, with interest payable
annually on June 30.

The new building qualifies for interest capitalization. The effect of capitalizing the interest on the
new building, compared with the effect of expensing the interest, is material.
Instructions
(a) Compute the weighted-average accumulated expenditures on Laserwords new building during the
capitalization period.
(b) Compute the avoidable interest on Laserwords new building.
(c) Some interest cost of Laserwords Inc. is capitalized for the year ended May 31, 2013.
(1) Identify the items relating to interest costs that must be disclosed in Laserwords financial
statements.
(2) Compute the amount of each of the items that must be disclosed.
 PROBLEM 10-7

(a) Computation of Weighted-Average Accumulated Expenditures

Expenditures
Capitalization Weighted-Average
Date Amount X Period = Accumulated Expenditures

July 30, 2010 $ 900,000 10/12 $ 750,000

January 30, 2011 1,500,000 4/12 500,000
May 30, 2011 1,600,000 0 0
$4,000,000 $1,250,000

(b) Weighted-Average Capitalization Avoidable

Accumulated Expenditures X Rate = interest
$1,250,000 11.2%* $140,000

Loans Outstanding During Construction Period

Principal Actual Interest

*10% five-year note $2,000,000 $200,000
12% ten-year bond 3,000,000 360,000
$5,000,000 $560,000

Total interest $560,000

= = 11.2% (capitalization rate)
Total principal $5,000,000
(c) (1) and (2)

Total actual interest cost $560,000

Total interest capitalized $140,000

Total interest expensed $420,000

SOAL 18

P10-9 (Nonmonetary Exchanges) On August 1, Hyde, Inc. exchanged productive assets with Wiggins,
Inc. Hydes asset is referred to below as Asset A, and Wiggins is referred to as Asset B. The following
facts pertain to these assets.
Asset A Asset B
Original cost $96,000 $110,000
Accumulated depreciation (to date of exchange) 40,000 47,000
Fair value at date of exchange 60,000 75,000
Cash paid by Hyde, Inc. 15,000
Cash received by Wiggins, Inc. 15,000
Instructions
(a) Assuming that the exchange of Assets A and B has commercial substance, record the exchange
for both Hyde, Inc. and Wiggins, Inc. in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
(b) Assuming that the exchange of Assets A and B lacks commercial substance, record the exchange
for both Hyde, Inc. and Wiggins, Inc. in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 PROBLEM 10-9

(b) Exchange has commercial substance:

Hyde, Inc.s Books

Asset B............................................................................... 75,000

Accumulated DepreciationAsset A ...................... 40,000
Asset A.................................................................... 96,000
Gain on Disposal of Plant Assets
($60,000 [$96,000 $40,000]) .................... 4,000
Cash ......................................................................... 15,000

Wiggins, Inc.s Books

Cash .................................................................................... 15,000

Asset A............................................................................... 60,000
Accumulated DepreciationAsset B ...................... 47,000
Asset B.................................................................... 110,000
Gain on Disposal of Plant Assets
($75,000 [$110,000 $47,000]).................. 12,000

(c) Exchange lacks commercial substance:

Hyde, Inc.s Books

Asset B ($75,000 $4,000) .......................................... 71,000*

Accumulated DepreciationAsset A ...................... 40,000
Asset A.................................................................... 96,000
Cash ......................................................................... 15,000

*Computation of gain deferred:

Fair value $60,000
Book value (56,000)
Gain deferred $ 4,000
PROBLEM 10-9 (Continued)

Wiggins, Inc.s Books

Cash................................................................................... 15,000
Asset A ($60,000 $12,000*) ..................................... 48,000
Accumulated DepreciationAsset B ..................... 47,000
Asset B .................................................................... 110,000

Computation of gain deferred:

Fair value of Asset B $75,000
Book value of Asset B (63,000)
Gain deferred $12,000*
SOAL 19

P11-1 (Depreciation for Partial PeriodSL, SYD, and DDB) Alladin Company purchased Machine
#201 on May 1, 2012. The following information relating to Machine #201 was gathered at the end of May.
Price $85,000
Credit terms 2/10, n/30
Freight-in costs $ 800
Preparation and installation costs $ 3,800
Labor costs during regular production operations $10,500
It was expected that the machine could be used for 10 years, after which the salvage value would be
zero. Alladin intends to use the machine for only 8 years, however, after which it expects to be able to sell
it for $1,500. The invoice for Machine #201 was paid May 5, 2012. Alladin uses the calendar year as the
basis for the preparation of financial statements.

Instructions
(a) Compute the depreciation expense for the years indicated using the following methods. (Round to
the nearest dollar.)
(1) Straight-line method for 2012.
(2) Sum-of-the-years-digits method for 2013.
(3) Double-declining-balance method for 2012.

(b) Suppose Kate Crow, the president of Alladin, tells you that because the company is a new
organization, she expects it will be several years before production and sales reach optimum levels. She
asks you to recommend a depreciation method that will allocate less of the companys depreciation
expense to the early years and more to later years of the assets lives. What method would you
recommend?
 PROBLEM 11-1

(a) 1. Depreciable Base Computation:

Purchase price ..................................... $85,000
Less: Purchase discount (2%)........ 1,700
Freight-in................................................ 800
Installation............................................. 3,800
Cost.......................................................... 87,900
Less: Salvage value .......................... 1,500
Depreciation base ............................... $86,400

2010Straight line: ($86,400 8 years) X 2/3 year = $7,200

2. Sum-of-the-years-digits for 2011

Machine Year Total 2010 2011
Depreciation
1 8/36 X $86,400 = $19,200 $12,800* $ 6,400**
2 7/36 X $86,400 = $16,800 11,200***
$17,600

* $19,200 X 2/3 = $12,800

** $19,200 X 1/3 = $6,400
*** $16,800 X 2/3 = $11,200

3. Double-declining-balance for 2010

($87,900 X 25% X 2/3) = $14,650

(b) An Activity method

SOAL 20

P11-2 (Depreciation for Partial PeriodsSL, Act., SYD, and DDB) The cost of equipment purchased
by Charleston, Inc., on June 1, 2012, is $89,000. It is estimated that the machine will have a $5,000
salvage value at the end of its service life. Its service life is estimated at 7 years; its total working hours
are estimated at 42,000; and its total production is estimated at 525,000 units. During 2012, the machine
was operated 6,000 hours and produced 55,000 units. During 2013, the machine was operated 5,500
hours and produced 48,000 units.
Instructions
Compute depreciation expense on the machine for the year ending December 31, 2012, and the year
ending December 31, 2013, using the following methods.
(a) Straight-line.
(b) Units-of-output.
(c) Working hours.
(d) Sum-of-the-years-digits.
(e) Declining-balance (twice the straight-line rate).
 PROBLEM 11-2

Depreciation Expense
2010 2011
(a) Straight-line:
(89,000 5,000) 7 =12,000/yr.

2010: 12,000 X 7/12 7,000

2011: 12,000 12,000
(b) Units-of-output:
(89,000 5,000) 525,000 units = .16/unit
2010: .16 X 55,000 8,800
2011: .16 X 48,000 7,680
(c) Working hours:
(89,000 5,000) 42,000 hrs. = 2.00/hr.
2010: 2.00 X 6,000 12,000
2011: 2.00 X 5,500 11,000
SOAL 21

P11-3 (DepreciationSYD, Act., SL, and DDB) The following data relate to the Machinery
account of Eshkol, Inc. at December 31, 2012.
Machinery
A B C D
Original cost $46,000 $51,000 $80,000 $80,000
Year purchased 2007 2008 2009 2011
Useful life 10 years 15,000 hours 15 years 10 years
Salvage value $ 3,100 $ 3,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000
Depreciation Sum-of-the- Double-declining
Method years-digits Activity Straight-line balance
Accum. depr.
through 2012* $31,200 $35,200 $15,000 $16,000

*In the year an asset is purchased, Eshkol, Inc. does not record any depreciation expense
on the asset.
In the year an asset is retired or traded in, Eshkol, Inc. takes a full years depreciation on the
asset.

The following transactions occurred during 2013.

(a) On May 5, Machine A was sold for $13,000 cash. The companys bookkeeper
recorded this retirement in the following manner in the cash receipts journal.
Cash 13,000
Machinery (Machine A) 13,000
(b) On December 31, it was determined that Machine B had been used 2,100 hours
during 2013.
(c) On December 31, before computing depreciation expense on Machine C, the
management of Eshkol, Inc. decided the useful life remaining from January 1, 2013,
was 10 years.
(d) On December 31, it was discovered that a machine purchased in 2012 had been
expensed completely in that year. This machine cost $28,000 and has a useful life of
10 years and no salvage value.
Management has decided to use the double-declining-balance method for this
machine, which can be referred to as Machine E.
Instructions
Prepare the necessary correcting entries for the year 2013. Record the appropriate
depreciation expense on
the above-mentioned machines.

PROBLEM 11-3

(a) Depreciation ExpenseAsset A .................................... 3,900

Accumulated DepreciationAsset A
(5/55 X [46,000 3,100]) .................................. 3,900
 Accumulated DepreciationAsset A ........................... 35,100
Asset A (46,000 13,000)................................... 33,000
Gain on Disposal of Plant Assets........................ 2,100

(b) Depreciation ExpenseAsset B .................................... 6,720

Accumulated DepreciationAsset B
6,720
([51,000

(c) Depreciation ExpenseAsset C .................................... 6,000

Accumulated DepreciationAsset C
([80,000 15,000 5,000] 10) .................. 6,000

(d) Asset E .................................................................................... 28,000

Retained Earnings .................................................... 28,000

Depreciation ExpenseAsset E..................................... 5,600*

Accumulated DepreciationAsset E................. 5,600

*(28,000 X .20)

Note: No correcting entry is needed for asset D. In 2010, Eshkol

records depreciation expense of $80,000 X (10% X 2) = $16,000.
SOAL 22
P11-9 (Impairment) Roland Company uses special strapping equipment in its packaging
business. The equipment was purchased in January 2011 for $10,000,000 and had an
estimated useful life of 8 years with no salvage value. At December 31, 2012, new
technology was introduced that would accelerate the obsolescence of Rolands equipment.
Rolands controller estimates that expected future net cash flows on the equipment will be
$6,300,000 and that the fair value of the equipment is $5,600,000. Roland intends to
continue using the equipment, but it is estimated that the remaining useful life is 4 years.
Roland uses straightline depreciation.
Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment at December 31, 2012.
(b) Prepare any journal entries for the equipment at December 31, 2013. The fair value of
the equipment at December 31, 2013, is estimated to be $5,900,000.
(c) Repeat the requirements for (a) and (b), assuming that Roland intends to dispose of the
equipment and that it has not been disposed of as of December 31, 2013.

PROBLEM 11-9

(a) Carrying value of asset: $10,000,000 $2,500,000* = $7,500,000.

*($10,000,000 8) X 2

Recoverable amount ($5,600,000) < Carrying value ($7,500,000) Impairment entry:

Loss on Impairment ............................... 1,900,000*
Accumulated Depreciation Equipment................... 1,900,000
*$7,500,000 $5,600,000

(b) Depreciation Expense.......................................... 1,400,000**

Accumulated Depreciation Equipment............................1,400,000
**($5,600,000 4)

Accumulated DepreciationEquipment........ 700,000

Recovery of Impairment Loss................. 700,000
$4,900,000 ($5,600,000 $1,400,000)

No depreciation is recorded on impaired assets to be disposed of. Recovery of

impairment losses are recorded.

12/31/10 Loss on Impairment.................................... 1,900,000

Accumulated Depreciation Equipment ....................................... 1,900,000

12/31/11 Loss on Impairment 700,000

..................................
Accumulated Depreciation
Equipment ($5,600,000
$4,900,000)................................. 700,000
...
SOAL 23
P12-1 (Correct Intangible Asset Account) Reichenbach Co., organized in 2011, has set
up a single account for all intangible assets. The following summary discloses the debit
entries that have been recorded during 2012 and 2013.
Intangible Assets
7/1/12 8-year franchise; expiration date 6/30/19 $ 48,000
10/1/12 Advance payment on laboratory space (2-year lease) 24,000
12/31/12 Net loss for 2011 including state incorporation fee, $1,000,
and related legal fees of organizing, $5,000 (all fees
incurred in 2011) 16,000
1/2/13 Patent purchased (10-year life) 84,000
3/1/13 Cost of developing a secret formula (indefinite life) 75,000
4/1/13 Goodwill purchased (indefinite life) 278,400
6/1/13 Legal fee for successful defense of patent purchased above 12,650
9/1/13 Research and development costs 160,000
Instructions
Prepare the necessary entries to clear the Intangible Assets account and to set up separate
accounts for distinct types of intangibles. Make the entries as of December 31, 2013,
recording any necessary amortization and reflecting all balances accurately as of that date.
(Ignore income tax effects.)
PROBLEM 12-1

Franchises................................................................................. 48,000
Prepaid Rent ............................................................................. 24,000
Retained Earnings (Organization Costs of
$6,000 in 2009) ...................................................................... 6,000
Retained Earnings ($16,000 $6,000) .............................. 10,000
Patents ($84,000 + $12,650 + $45,000).............................. 141,650
Research and Development Expense
($75,000 + $160,000 $45,000) ........................................ 190,000
Goodwill ..................................................................................... 278,400
Intangible Assets.......................................................... 698,050

Franchise Amortization Expense ($48,000 8)............. 6,000

Retained Earnings ($48,000 8 X 6/12) ........................... 3,000
Franchises ...................................................................... 9,000

Rent Expense ($24,000 2) ................................................. 12,000

Retained Earnings ($24,000 2 X 3/12) ........................... 3,000
Prepaid Rent .................................................................. 15,000

Patent Amortization Expense ............................................. 10,777

Patents ($84,000 10) + ($12,650 X 7/115) +
($45,000 X 4/112) ....................................................... 10,777
Note: No amortization of goodwill; goodwill should be tested for
impairment on at least an annual basis in future periods.
SOAL 24

P12-2 (Accounting for Patents) Fields Laboratories holds a valuable patent (No. 758-6002-
1A) on a precipitator that prevents certain types of air pollution. Fields does not manufacture
or sell the products and processes it develops. Instead, it conducts research and develops
products and processes which it patents, and then assigns the patents to manufacturers on
a royalty basis. Occasionally it sells a patent. The history of Fields patent number 758-6002-
1A is as follows.

Date Activity Cost

20032004 Research conducted to develop precipitator $384,000
Jan. 2005 Design and construction of a prototype 87,600
March 2005 Testing of models 42,000
Jan. 2006 Fees paid engineers and lawyers to prepare patent
application; patent granted June 30, 2006 59,500
Nov. 2007 Engineering activity necessary to advance the design
of the precipitator to the manufacturing stage 81,500
Dec. 2008 Legal fees paid to successfully defend precipitator
patent 42,000
April 2009 Research aimed at modifying the design of the
patented precipitator 43,000
July 2013 Legal fees paid in unsuccessful patent infringement suit
against a competitor 34,000
Fields assumed a useful life of 17 years when it received the initial precipitator patent. On
January 1, 2011, it revised its useful life estimate downward to 5 remaining years.
Amortization is computed for a full year if the cost is incurred prior to July 1, and no
amortization for the year if the cost is incurred after June 30. The companys year ends
December 31.

Instructions
Compute the carrying value of patent No. 758-6002-1A on each of the following dates:
(a) December 31, 2006.
(b) December 31, 2010.
(c) December 31, 2013.
 PROBLEM 12-2

(a) Costs to obtain patent Jan. 2004.......................$59,500

2004 amortization ($59,500 17).......................(3,500)
Carrying value, 12/31/04.......................................$56,000

All costs incurred prior to January 2004 are related to research and development
activities and were expensed as incurred in accordance with IFRS.

(b) 1/1/05 carrying value of patent........................... $ 56,000

2005 amortization ($59,500 17)....................... $3,500
2006 amortization ................................................... 3,500 (7,000)
49,000
Legal fees to defend patent 12/06 ..................... 42,000
Carrying value, 12/31/06....................................... 91,000
Capitalized research costs 5/07......................... 49,000
2007 amortization ($91,000 14) +
($49,000 14)........................................................ 10,000
2008 amortization ($91,000 14) +
($49,000 10,000 (20,000)
14)........................................................
Carrying value, 12/31/08 $120,000
.......................................
The costs incurred in 2005 are related to research and development activities
and are expensed as incurred.

(c) 1/1/09 carrying value ............................................. $120,000

2009 amortization ($120,000 5) ....................... $24,000
2010 amortization ................................................... 24,000
2011 amortization ................................................... 24,000 (72,000)
Carrying value, 12/31/11 ....................................... $ 48,000

The legal costs in 2011 were expensed because the suit was unsuccessful.
SOAL 25

P12-5 (Goodwill, Impairment) On July 31, 2012, Mexico Company paid $3,000,000 to
acquire all of the common stock of Conchita Incorporated, which became a division of
Mexico. Conchita reported the following balance sheet at the time of the acquisition.
Current assets $ 800,000 Current liabilities $ 600,000
Noncurrent assets 2,700,000 Long-term liabilities 500,000
Total assets $3,500,000 Stockholders equity 2,400,000
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity $3,500,000
It was determined at the date of the purchase that the fair value of the identifiable net assets
of Conchita was $2,750,000. Over the next 6 months of operations, the newly purchased
division experienced operating losses. In addition, it now appears that it will generate
substantial losses for the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2012, Conchita reports the
following balance sheet information.
Current assets $ 450,000
Noncurrent assets (including goodwill recognized in purchase) 2,400,000
Current liabilities (700,000)
Long-term liabilities (500,000)
Net assets $1,650,000
It is determined that the fair value of the Conchita Division is $1,850,000. The recorded
amount for Conchitas net assets (excluding goodwill) is the same as fair value, except for
property, plant, and equipment, which has a fair value $150,000 above the carrying value.
Instructions
(a) Compute the amount of goodwill recognized, if any, on July 31, 2012.
(b) Determine the impairment loss, if any, to be recorded on December 31, 2012.
(c) Assume that fair value of the Conchita Division is $1,600,000 instead of $1,850,000.
Determine the impairment loss, if any, to be recorded on December 31, 2012.
(d) Prepare the journal entry to record the impairment loss, if any, and indicate where the
loss would be reported in the income statement.

PROBLEM 12-5

(a) Goodwill = Excess of the cost of the division over the fair
value of the identifiable assets:

$3,000,000 $2,750,000 = $250,000

(b) No impairment loss is recorded, because the recoverable

amount of Conchita ($1,850,000) is greater than carrying value
of the net assets ($1,650,000).

(c) Computation of impairment:

Goodwill impairment = Recoverable amount of division less

the carrying value of the division (adjusted for fair value
changes), net of goodwill:
 Recoverable amount of Conchita division...... $1,600,000
Carrying value of division .................................... 1,800,000
Impairment loss .................................................... ($ 200,000)

(d) Loss on Impairment.............................$200,000

Goodwill.................................................... 200,000

This loss will be reported in income as a separate line item before

the subtotal income from continuing operations.